42:
3129:
3153:
2614:
1001:
3141:
3012:
3093:
3057:
3045:
3117:
3105:
3081:
3069:
3033:
1012:
1355:), a jewelry store owner, wishing to have an heir, travels from Hong Kong to Thailand to obtain a spirit baby from a Taoist master, who seals it in an amulet. The amulet, on its way to Hong Kong, gets lost in transit and is found by a woman trying to conceive a child. She accidentally cuts her finger, causing her blood to drip on the amulet and releasing the child spirit.
1225:
The belief in the toyol - and by extension, child supernatural creatures - has links to the common
Asiatic belief that every being consists of a soul, including that of babies. The many similarities between Southeast Asian countries have also been remarked to be a sign of the nations' close cultural
1207:
The toyol's behaviour and personality is typically said to be similar to that of a playful child, where it enjoys sweets, toys, and clothes. Its small size and childish tendencies are said to render it harmless. Although, behavioural characteristics can also differ according to region. For instance,
1233:
It is not an uncommon occurrence for people to associate those with wealth and success to having used a toyol, and this negative association is extended to even government officials. These stories of corruption and amorality have been theorised to be a method of negating dissonance, where through
1237:
The toyol remains widely used in a variety of ways and through various mediums, including via games, literature, and television. These point to a society and community that continues to hold sustained belief in the existence of toyols and other supernatural entities, where to them, such folklore
1203:
The toyol is traditionally and commonly described as looking no different from a near-naked toddler. However, regional differences can account for variation in appearance and characteristics; the toyol is claimed to look like a normal child with the exception of sharp teeth and red eyes, but the
1279:
believed that a tuyul was the reason for why one resident had mysteriously lost IDR1.4 million. This was attributed to the discovery of seemingly child-like footprints found on the victim's car. In response to the incident, local police cautioned that the culprit was likely to be intentionally
1216:
are said to be more benevolent, and unlike the toyol whose owner has to tame, these Thai spirits do not need sacrifices nor rituals to be done in order to invoke their services. The toyol is also said to only steal half of a person's valuable belongings. While widely known to help its guardian
1257:, Malaysia was tricked into believing that her valuables were being targeted by a toyol through an anonymous phone call. She was advised to hide them following specific instructions but soon found them to be stolen. Her resulting loss amounted to RM700,000.
1204:
Indonesian tuyul has the addition of green skin and pointed ears. The tuyul has the ability to scale walls and climb roofs. Modern depictions often give the toyol a goblin-like appearance with green or grey skin, pointed ears, and clouded eyes.
1229:
Aside from the belief in the supernatural, the toyol serves a range of social functions, including acting as a disciplinary tool, to assist in maintaining social hierarchy, and to ward off perceived outsiders away from the community.
1234:
associating social status with the supernatural, it allows for the people to believe and accept that the matter is beyond their control. On the other hand, such accusations can simply be a way of expressing one's resentment.
1382:, a new family moves into an old house of the wife's mother after she died. The husband finds a bottle hidden mysteriously underneath the broken wooden floor, which is home to a creature that could endanger them.
1260:
In 2016, a
Malaysian local online newspaper reported a villager having physically encountered a green-skinned toyol after assuming his and other residents' missing money had been the work of a thief.
1250:, Malaysia reported finding a toyol that had been enclosed in a bottle on coastal shores. The toyol was handed over to the local state museum where the director noted its red eyes and black clothing.
1534:, use third-party grey market apps called "tuyul" to optimize their work experience. The apps are so named because like the tuyul in folklore, they help earn money through potentially illegal means.
1253:
The toyol has also been used in theft crimes - though not in the supernatural sense - through the exploitation of people's belief in the creature. In 2009, a 77-year-old woman living in
1113:
suggested that the origins of owning a toyol dates as far back as pre-Islamic Arab society. Some have linked this to the prevalence of infanticide that took place during that time.
1800:
1040:
1097:, a familiar spirit in Malay folklore. As such, the toyol is popularly known to bring good luck to its host, but mishap to those who are unfortunate to encounter them.
1396:
by Nicole Lee is a narrative written from the perspective of a female toyol named Meera who is an originally deceased child that has been brought back to life.
1700:
2158:
2434:
1254:
1110:
2484:
M. F. Bin Ali, N. Perng Jeu and C. H. Teeng, "Enriching
Malaysian Cultural and Folklore through Mobile Game Learning Development: Wau & Toyol,"
2602:
1302:
are also mischievous in nature and enjoy sweets and toys, but they differ from the toyol in numerous ways. Rather than appearing as an infant, the
2505:
3000:
1337:
1033:
2769:
2580:
2395:
1619:
Structuralism's
Transformations: Order and Revision in Indonesian and Malaysian Societies : Papers Written in Honor of Clark E. Cunningham
1325:
2978:
1341:
1089:. A common use for the toyol includes using it for financial gain, where the creature robs people of their riches, making it similar to the
2880:
2686:
1863:. National Library Board Singapore and Centre for Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University. 2008. p. 78.
2779:
1026:
2847:
2110:
Mohd Fairuz bin Ali and Ng Perng Jeu, “A Malaysian
Folklore Game Design As A Tool Of Culture Preservation and Entertainment: Toyol,”
2125:
1105:
There is a distinct lack of research, information, and academic sources that trace the history of the toyol. Yet, according to some
3381:
2852:
2472:
2371:
1498:(2019) is a mobile game where the player takes on the role of a toyol, stealing money from villagers whose houses have been
2595:
1407:
has a segment titled "A Toyol Story" that focusses on a father-son pair. The toyol here is used more as a literary device.
2993:
41:
1981:
1902:
1868:
1835:
1725:
2268:
1954:
1626:
1892:
2588:
1919:
2610:
1825:
3109:
3008:
2986:
1929:
1776:
3217:
2647:
1509:
987:
967:
3396:
1971:
1715:
2159:"'Tuyul' footprints found at scene of alleged theft, police say thief might be human after all | Coconuts"
1766:
838:
1298:
shares some similarity to the toyol where they are believed to bring good fortune to their owners. The
982:
1512:, Malaysia. The game is intended to promote Malaysian heritage and folklore to the younger generation.
3386:
83:
873:
3335:
3330:
2643:
2217:
2097:
Dahlan Bin Abdul Ghani, “Upin & Ipin: Promoting malaysian culture values through animation,”
843:
76:
2522:
John A. Lent, “Of “Kampung Boy,” “Tok Guru” and Other Zany
Characters: Cartooning in Malaysia,”
1858:
3355:
2618:
977:
27:
2459:
1747:
Ain Nur Iman Abd Rahman and Zainor Izat Zainal, “HUMAN AND GHOST ATTACHMENT IN HANNA ALKAF’S
1694:
1062:
833:
33:
3340:
3309:
3262:
3016:
2913:
2885:
1479:
1378:
1186:
542:
264:
2542:"Malaysian Cerita Hantu: Intersections of Race, Religiosity, Class, Gender, and Sexuality"
2473:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pologames16.tuyul&hl=en_SG&gl=US
1675:"Intersection of Asian supernatural beings in Asian folk literature: A pan-Asian identity"
8:
2967:
1360:
1132:
900:
823:
101:
2292:
2178:
Irene H. Lin, “Child
Guardian Spirits (Gohō Dōji) in the Medieval Japanese Imaginaire,”
3097:
2759:
2635:
2631:
2569:
2389:
2342:
2080:
2072:
1152:
972:
878:
770:
639:
169:
61:
3121:
2573:
2561:
2435:"How Pamali: Indonesian Folklore Horror Upends the Conventions of Horror Game Design"
2377:
2367:
2346:
2334:
2064:
2045:"The Production of Possession: Spirits and the Multinational Corporation in Malaysia"
1977:
1950:
1925:
1898:
1864:
1831:
1772:
1721:
1622:
1468:
1418:
1289:
1142:
915:
2084:
1674:
3145:
2959:
2553:
2493:
2489:
2326:
2056:
1682:
1330:
1016:
1005:
853:
848:
367:
194:
2060:
3391:
3128:
2837:
2711:
2639:
2557:
1556:
1404:
1351:(roughly translated as "feeding a child spirit", also known by its English title
1294:
932:
910:
885:
572:
557:
482:
274:
249:
66:
1921:
Batcats: The United States Air Force 553rd
Reconnaissance Wing in Southeast Asia
1801:"Carita Jurig dina Sastra Sunda, Ditaratas ku Moh Ambri, Sastrawan Sunda Klasik"
1686:
3345:
2931:
2655:
2541:
1894:
The
Lovelorn Ghost and the Magical Monk: Practicing Buddhism in Modern Thailand
1804:
1596:
1527:
1443:
1268:
1160:
1122:
1070:
1066:
828:
136:
71:
2314:
1508:
is an upcoming mobile game that, as of 2020, is being developed by members of
3375:
3325:
3283:
3133:
2842:
2832:
2817:
2736:
2726:
2565:
2381:
2338:
2068:
1172:
868:
681:
597:
522:
472:
412:
294:
131:
3360:
709:
704:
699:
3304:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3085:
2903:
2822:
1247:
818:
790:
492:
487:
352:
184:
2506:"Delivery Drivers Are Using Grey Market Apps to Make Their Jobs Suck Less"
2361:
2330:
3299:
3242:
3157:
2764:
2741:
2701:
2676:
2671:
1576:
1551:
1523:
1464:
1425:(1979). The lyrics include describing the physical attributes of a toyol.
1373:, a family is troubled by a tuyul which arrives from Indonesia in an urn.
1369:
1321:
1177:
1090:
1086:
905:
863:
775:
737:
634:
612:
547:
527:
507:
477:
432:
382:
362:
347:
342:
204:
179:
174:
2409:
2242:
2192:
1617:
Cunningham, Clark E.; Aragon, Lorraine V.; Russell, Susan Diana (1999).
1540:
was the name of a Malay humour magazine that ceased publication in 1987.
3350:
3222:
3152:
3061:
2862:
2794:
2696:
1566:
1499:
1094:
592:
567:
452:
447:
387:
372:
289:
279:
209:
106:
2651:
2458:“Nightmare (INCUBO),” Indie Games, Steam, accessed February 24, 2023,
2076:
2044:
1673:
Laranjo, Ronel; Martinez-Erbite, Kristina; Santos, Zarina Joy (2013).
111:
3212:
3181:
3168:
3049:
2939:
2613:
1276:
1217:
pilfer, the toyol carries out other mischievous acts when commanded.
890:
858:
785:
780:
765:
577:
552:
537:
462:
407:
402:
377:
269:
259:
229:
199:
3140:
3011:
2944:
2921:
2895:
2681:
669:
629:
532:
497:
397:
392:
332:
254:
214:
164:
121:
2540:
Nicholas, Cheryl L.; Ganapathy, Radhica; Mau, Heidi (2013-08-01).
1263:
As recently as 2019, it was reported that residents living in the
3257:
3092:
3073:
3056:
3044:
2949:
2827:
2809:
2706:
2269:"Indonesian Horror Movie 'Tuyul' Returns to Cinemas This Weekend"
1586:
1581:
1191:
1168:
1121:
The toyol is known by different names across
Southeast Asia. The
949:
937:
895:
747:
659:
649:
587:
502:
437:
322:
234:
219:
154:
664:
3252:
3247:
3196:
3116:
3037:
2875:
2799:
2789:
2716:
2026:
2024:
2002:
2000:
1591:
1561:
1471:. Both games involve collecting coins amidst various obstacles.
1264:
1078:
742:
676:
654:
617:
607:
517:
512:
457:
357:
337:
299:
224:
189:
126:
116:
1439:, episode 5 is titled "Toyol (Malaysia)" and features a toyol.
3191:
3186:
3176:
3104:
3080:
3068:
3032:
2870:
2784:
2774:
2721:
2691:
2112:
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
1531:
1435:
In season 1 of the HBO Asia Original horror anthology series
1082:
1074:
795:
732:
727:
644:
582:
562:
467:
427:
422:
417:
284:
244:
239:
2021:
1997:
1672:
2751:
2663:
2627:
2460:
https://store.steampowered.com/app/992330/Nightmare_Incubo/
2293:"Winter Film Awards 2016 Winner - Best Horror Feature Film"
1720:. Malaysia: Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.
1272:
1106:
927:
442:
327:
159:
56:
1860:
Singapore Literature in English: An Annotated Bibliography
1288:
Spirits of children are not limited to Southeast Asia. In
2471:“Tuyul Gundul,” Google Play, accessed February 24, 2023,
1679:
Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2013
1571:
1283:
2546:
Journal of International and Intercultural Communication
2148:
Fairuz and Ng, “A Malaysian Folklore Game Design,” 199.
2018:
Fairuz and Ng, “A Malaysian Folklore Game Design,” 198.
1616:
1417:"Toyol" is a song by late Malaysian singer-songwriter
1069:. It also appears in the various other mythologies of
2126:"'Toyol' scam leaves elderly woman RM700,000 poorer"
1306:are said to look like a young child or adolescent.
1851:
1699:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1073:and is typically invoked as a helper by shamans (
3373:
2359:
1963:
1753:Platform: A Journal of Management and Humanities
1446:features a toyol in the episode "Kisah 2 Malam."
1126:
1093:, a boar demon in Indonesian mythology, and the
1758:
1220:
1146:
1492:(2019) is an indie game that features a tuyul.
1241:
1136:
2994:
2596:
2539:
2030:
2006:
1034:
1884:
1707:
1238:contributes a part of their lived reality.
1198:
3001:
2987:
2603:
2589:
2488:, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 2020, pp. 1-6,
2394:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1897:. Columbia University Press. p. 172.
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1041:
1027:
2185:
1798:
1765:Khairunnisa, Aulia; Wardhaningsih, Mira.
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1621:. Arizona State University. p. 310.
1442:The Malaysian animated television series
2486:2020 IEEE Graphics and Multimedia (GAME)
1857:
16:Undead infant in southeast Asia folklore
2266:
2210:
1911:
22:This article is a part of the series on
3374:
1891:McDaniel, Justin Thomas (1 Dec 2013).
1817:
1635:
1284:Similar entities beyond Southeast Asia
2982:
2584:
2235:
1969:
1947:Southeast Asian Perspectives on Power
1764:
1309:
1944:
1918:Sikora, Jack; Westin, Larry (2003).
1526:services in Southeast Asia, such as
1364:features a toyol as its plot device.
1347:In Billy Chan's 1987 Hong Kong film
1320:Malik Selamat directed a 1980 Malay
312:Mythological and folkloric creatures
2402:
2312:
2182:Third Series, no. 6 (2004): 168-70.
2042:
1376:In the 2016 Indonesian horror film
13:
1973:The World's Most Haunted Hospitals
1890:
1827:A Dictionary of Sources of Tolkien
1476:Pamali: Indonesian Folklore Horror
1367:In the 2013 Singapore horror film
1100:
14:
3408:
2123:
1713:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3010:
2612:
1799:Supriatna, Nanang (2023-02-16).
1010:
999:
40:
2516:
2498:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2427:
2353:
2306:
2285:
2260:
2172:
2151:
2142:
2117:
2104:
2091:
2036:
2012:
1938:
1358:The 2011 Malaysian comedy film
1185:. A similar creature exists in
3382:Indonesian legendary creatures
2533:
2494:10.1109/GAME50158.2020.9315081
2191:
2099:Historia y Comunicación Social
1970:Estep, Richard (25 Jan 2016).
1792:
1741:
1714:Mayberry, Kate (15 Jun 2019).
1610:
1:
2061:10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00030
1603:
1510:Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
1450:
1429:
1386:
988:List of sacred places in Java
760:Mythical and sacred locations
2558:10.1080/17513057.2012.712710
2366:. Shahril Nizam. Singapore.
2267:Siregar, Lisa (2016-03-04).
2216:
1917:
1823:
1486:that centres around a tuyul.
1478:(2018) offers a purchasable
1280:attempting to mislead them.
1221:Interpretation and symbolism
7:
1768:A Book of Indonesian Ghosts
1687:10.22492/2187-4735.20130102
1544:
1242:Modern encounters and usage
839:Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
10:
3413:
2295:. Winter Film Awards. 2016
2241:
1824:Day, David (17 Oct 2019).
1246:In 2006, a fisherman from
1181:while the female is named
983:List of Indonesian deities
96:Traditional folk religions
3318:
3292:
3276:
3205:
3166:
3023:
2958:
2930:
2912:
2894:
2861:
2808:
2750:
2662:
2625:
1949:. Routledge. p. 59.
1924:. iUniverse. p. 85.
973:Indonesian folk religions
3310:Sin Sze Ya and Si Sze Ya
3110:Princess of Mount Ledang
2408:
2031:Nicholas & Ganapathy
2007:Nicholas & Ganapathy
1516:
1411:
1199:Appearance and behaviour
1116:
3336:Malaysian folk religion
3331:Ghosts in Malay culture
2644:Ghosts in Malay culture
1681:. Osaka, Japan: 20–23.
1314:
1061:is an undead infant in
844:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai
77:Ghosts in Malay culture
3356:Kellie's Castle Temple
2319:World Literature Today
2218:"Crazy Spirit Reviews"
2101:20, no. 1 (2015): 253.
1749:THE GIRL AND THE GHOST
1717:CultureShock! Malaysia
1689:(inactive 2024-09-12).
1403:by Singaporean writer
1155:. It is also known as
1147:
1137:
1127:
978:Javanese sacred places
722:Rituals and traditions
3293:Chinese spirit places
3206:Types of Malay ghosts
3017:Mythology of Malaysia
2360:Alfian Sa'at (2012).
2331:10.1353/wlt.2010.0127
2180:Pacific World Journal
1771:. StoryTale Studios.
1175:, the male is called
874:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
834:Hikayat Bayan Budiman
3341:Folklore of Malaysia
2619:Indonesian mythology
2313:Lee, Nicole (2010).
2049:American Ethnologist
1976:. Red Wheel/Weiser.
1945:Chua, Liana (2012).
1480:downloadable content
1187:Philippine mythology
1109:, the late academic
1017:Mythology portal
1006:Indonesia portal
543:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
265:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
51:Cultural mythologies
3397:Malaysian mythology
2968:Manseren Manggoendi
2043:Ong, Aihwa (1988).
1755:5, no. 1 (2022): 4.
824:Hikayat Amir Hamzah
2636:Balinese mythology
2632:Aliran Kepercayaan
2410:"Toyol (Malaysia)"
2243:"Alamak... Toyol!"
2161:. 15 December 2019
1490:Nightmare (INCUBO)
1310:In popular culture
1189:which is known as
879:Kakawin Hariwangsa
62:Balinese mythology
3369:
3368:
3122:Seri Gumum Dragon
2976:
2975:
2524:Jurnal Komunikasi
2439:pastemagazine.com
2373:978-981-07-1801-5
1290:Japanese folklore
1051:
1050:
916:Wawacan Sulanjana
694:Wayang characters
3404:
3387:Malay ghost myth
3156:
3155:
3146:Siti Wan Kembang
3144:
3143:
3132:
3131:
3120:
3119:
3108:
3107:
3096:
3095:
3084:
3083:
3072:
3071:
3060:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3036:
3035:
3015:
3014:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2617:
2616:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2512:. 27 April 2021.
2502:
2496:
2482:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2385:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:207 (2018): 198.
2108:
2102:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1803:(in Sundanese).
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1762:
1756:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1670:
1633:
1632:
1614:
1484:The Little Devil
1361:Alamak... Toyol!
1334:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1003:
1002:
854:Kakawin Sutasoma
849:Kakawin Ramayana
368:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
195:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
84:Molucca Folklore
44:
19:
18:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3314:
3288:
3272:
3201:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2977:
2972:
2954:
2926:
2908:
2890:
2857:
2838:Silewe Nazarate
2804:
2746:
2712:Nyai Roro Kidul
2658:
2640:Batak mythology
2621:
2611:
2609:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2403:
2387:
2386:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2092:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2005:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1830:. Hachette UK.
1822:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1712:
1708:
1692:
1691:
1671:
1636:
1629:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1557:Familiar spirit
1547:
1519:
1474:The indie game
1469:apk file format
1453:
1444:Upin & Ipin
1432:
1414:
1392:The 2010 story
1389:
1328:
1317:
1312:
1304:zashiki-warashi
1300:zashiki-warashi
1295:zashiki-warashi
1286:
1267:subdistrict of
1255:Bukit Bandaraya
1244:
1223:
1201:
1119:
1111:Mohd Taib Osman
1103:
1101:Alleged origins
1047:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
963:
955:
954:
911:Tuhfat al-Nafis
809:
801:
800:
761:
753:
752:
723:
715:
714:
695:
687:
686:
573:Silewe Nazarata
558:Satrio Piningit
483:Nyai Roro Kidul
313:
305:
304:
275:Satrio Piningit
250:Nyai Roro Kidul
150:
142:
141:
97:
89:
88:
67:Batak mythology
52:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3410:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Ghost Festival
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3112:
3100:
3098:Panglima Awang
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2656:Malay folklore
2626:
2623:
2622:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2552:(3): 163–182.
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:10 (1994): 55.
2515:
2497:
2477:
2464:
2451:
2426:
2401:
2372:
2363:Malay sketches
2352:
2305:
2284:
2259:
2234:
2209:
2184:
2171:
2150:
2141:
2116:
2103:
2090:
2035:
2033:, p. 174.
2020:
2011:
2009:, p. 173.
1996:
1983:978-1632659729
1982:
1962:
1955:
1937:
1930:
1910:
1904:978-0231153775
1903:
1883:
1870:978-9810700607
1869:
1850:
1837:978-0753734063
1836:
1816:
1805:Pikiran Rakyat
1791:
1777:
1757:
1740:
1727:978-9814868020
1726:
1706:
1634:
1627:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1597:The Bottle Imp
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1487:
1472:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1401:Malay Sketches
1399:The 2012 book
1397:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1345:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1285:
1282:
1269:Badung Regency
1243:
1240:
1222:
1219:
1200:
1197:
1125:word toyol is
1118:
1115:
1102:
1099:
1085:) by means of
1071:Southeast Asia
1067:Malay folklore
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1020:
1019:
995:
994:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
946:
945:
941:
940:
935:
930:
924:
923:
922:Sacred weapons
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
901:Śiwarātrikalpa
898:
893:
888:
886:Nagarakṛtāgama
883:
882:
881:
876:
871:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
829:Hikayat Banjar
826:
821:
815:
814:
813:Mythical texts
810:
808:Sacred objects
807:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
707:
702:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
679:
674:
673:
672:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
626:
625:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
319:
318:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
81:
80:
79:
72:Malay folklore
69:
64:
59:
53:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3409:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Malay culture
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3284:Datuk Keramat
3282:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3167:Priestesses,
3165:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2914:Nusa Tenggara
2911:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Hantu Bongkok
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Putri Tangguk
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Malin Kundang
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Warak ngendog
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Sundel bolong
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2294:
2288:
2274:
2273:Jakarta Globe
2270:
2263:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2198:
2194:
2193:"Yang gui zi"
2188:
2181:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2015:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1956:9780415683456
1952:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1630:
1628:9781881044215
1624:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1506:Toyol Attack!
1504:
1501:
1500:booby-trapped
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:(DLC) called
1481:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1467:that use the
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1421:in his album
1420:
1416:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1379:Tuyul: Part 1
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:Sidek Hussain
1335:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1007:
997:
996:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
959:
958:
951:
948:
947:
943:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
921:
920:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Bharatayuddha
867:
866:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
805:
804:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
757:
756:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
719:
718:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
691:
690:
683:
682:Warak ngendog
680:
678:
675:
671:
668:
667:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Sundel Bolong
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Putri Tangguk
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
473:Malin Kundang
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Hantu Bongkok
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
309:
308:
301:
298:
296:
295:Warak ngendog
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
135:
133:
132:Sunda Wiwitan
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
93:
92:
85:
82:
78:
75:
74:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
26:
25:
21:
20:
3305:Tua Pek Kong
3277:Malay saints
3267:
3238:Orang Minyak
3233:Orang Bunian
3228:Hantu Tinggi
3158:Tujuh Puteri
3086:Nunuk Ragang
2904:Sureq Galigo
2823:Orang bunian
2770:Bulan Pejeng
2731:
2549:
2545:
2523:
2518:
2510:www.vice.com
2509:
2500:
2485:
2480:
2467:
2454:
2443:. Retrieved
2441:. 2020-01-27
2438:
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:
2404:
2362:
2355:
2325:(5): 34–36.
2322:
2318:
2308:
2297:. Retrieved
2287:
2276:. Retrieved
2272:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2221:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2196:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2163:. Retrieved
2153:
2144:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2055:(1): 28–42.
2052:
2048:
2038:
2014:
1987:. Retrieved
1972:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1920:
1913:
1893:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1859:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1826:
1819:
1808:. Retrieved
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1767:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1716:
1709:
1695:cite journal
1678:
1618:
1612:
1537:
1522:Drivers for
1505:
1496:Tuyul Gundul
1495:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1465:mobile games
1461:Greedy Toyol
1460:
1456:
1436:
1422:
1405:Alfian Sa'at
1400:
1393:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1353:Crazy Spirit
1352:
1348:
1324:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1248:Kuala Pahang
1245:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1164:
1156:
1120:
1104:
1058:
1054:
1052:
819:Arjunawiwaha
791:Tua Pek Kong
710:Wayang menak
705:Wayang panji
700:Wayang purwa
602:
493:Orang Pendek
488:Orang bunian
353:Batara Sambu
185:Batara Sambu
3300:Na Tuk Kong
3134:Si Tanggang
2765:Batara Kala
2742:Wewe Gombel
2702:Jailangkung
2677:Batara Kala
2672:Babi ngepet
2534:Works cited
2419:25 December
2252:25 December
2227:25 December
2202:25 December
1989:25 December
1876:25 December
1843:25 December
1784:25 December
1733:25 December
1577:Kuman thong
1552:Babi ngepet
1524:gig economy
1463:(2017) are
1459:(2015) and
1370:Ghost Child
1349:Yang Gui Zi
1342:Mahmud June
1336:, starring
1329: [
1322:horror film
1210:kuman-thong
1178:kuman-thong
1091:Babi ngepet
1087:black magic
906:Smaradahana
864:Mahabharata
738:Jailangkung
635:Babi ngepet
613:Wewe Gombel
548:Sangkuriang
528:Raden Panji
508:Penanggalan
478:Na Tuk Kong
433:Jailangkung
383:Dewi Lanjar
363:Calon Arang
348:Batara Kala
343:Batara Guru
205:Dewi Lanjar
180:Batara Kala
175:Batara Guru
137:Sapta Darma
3376:Categories
3361:Á Bao A Qu
3351:Batu Caves
3223:Hantu Raya
3062:Hang Jebat
2881:Lembuswana
2863:Kalimantan
2795:Setesuyara
2697:Keong Emas
2445:2023-02-27
2299:2021-12-27
2278:2021-12-27
2165:2023-02-27
2135:2023-02-27
2124:KUMAR, M.
1931:0595300812
1810:2024-02-04
1778:6239476730
1604:References
1567:Hantu Raya
1457:Baby Tuyul
1451:Video Game
1430:Television
1387:Literature
1157:cohen kroh
1133:Indonesian
1095:Hantu Raya
1063:Indonesian
593:Sunan Ambu
568:Setesuyara
453:Kuntilanak
448:Keong Emas
388:Dewi Ratih
373:Damarwulan
290:Sunan Ambu
280:Setesuyara
210:Dewi Ratih
107:Kaharingan
28:Indonesian
3263:Pontianak
3243:Penanggal
3213:Hantu Air
3182:Bobohizan
3050:Hang Tuah
2940:Hainuwele
2886:Pontianak
2687:Genderuwa
2574:144107753
2566:1751-3057
2390:cite book
2382:780426637
2347:245665024
2339:1945-8134
2069:0094-0496
1277:Indonesia
1214:kuman-lay
1183:kuman-lay
1153:Sundanese
891:Pararaton
859:La Galigo
786:Ratu Boko
781:Prambanan
776:Mt. Tidar
766:Borobudur
578:Si Pitung
553:Saraswati
538:Ratu Adil
408:Hantu Air
403:Hainuwele
378:Dewi Danu
270:Saraswati
260:Ratu Adil
230:Hainuwele
200:Dewi Danu
30:mythology
3319:See also
2945:O Tokata
2922:Ebu gogo
2896:Sulawesi
2780:Kala Rau
2682:Dewi Sri
2222:TV Guide
2130:The Star
2085:30121345
1545:See also
1437:Folklore
1423:Perasaan
1419:Sudirman
1165:kwee kia
1143:Javanese
962:See also
944:Funerals
630:Antaboga
498:O Tokata
463:Langsuir
398:Ebu Gogo
393:Dewi Sri
338:Bidadari
333:Aji Saka
215:Dewi Sri
165:Antaboga
122:Parmalim
34:folklore
3258:Pelesit
3169:shamans
3074:Mahsuri
3024:Legends
2950:Suanggi
2848:Cindaku
2828:Pelesit
2810:Sumatra
2707:Jenglot
2652:Kejawèn
2315:"Toyol"
1587:Pelesit
1582:Jenglot
1192:tiyanak
1169:Hokkien
950:Tau tau
938:Rencong
896:Pustaha
670:Taksaka
660:Hanoman
624:Animals
588:Suanggi
533:Raksasa
503:Pelesit
438:Jenglot
323:Acintya
255:Raksasa
235:Hanoman
155:Acintya
149:Deities
112:Kejawèn
3392:Ghosts
3253:Polong
3248:Pocong
3197:Pawang
3038:Badang
2932:Maluku
2876:Kuyang
2800:Twalen
2790:Rangda
2760:Barong
2717:Pocong
2572:
2564:
2380:
2370:
2345:
2337:
2083:
2077:645484
2075:
2067:
1980:
1953:
1928:
1901:
1867:
1834:
1775:
1724:
1625:
1592:Polong
1562:Goblin
1292:, the
1265:Mengwi
1226:ties.
1163:, and
1145:, and
1138:thuyul
1079:pawang
933:Kujang
771:Kraton
748:Ziarah
743:Pawang
677:Rangda
655:Garuda
650:Ganesa
640:Barong
608:Twalen
518:Pocong
513:Petruk
458:Kuyang
358:Brahma
317:Beings
225:Garuda
220:Ganesa
190:Brahma
170:Barong
127:Pemena
117:Marapu
3268:Toyol
3218:Hantu
3192:Dukun
3187:Bomoh
3177:Bisan
2960:Papua
2871:Hudoq
2853:Cigau
2785:Leyak
2775:Hyang
2732:Tuyul
2722:Semar
2692:Hyang
2648:Hantu
2570:S2CID
2343:S2CID
2081:S2CID
2073:JSTOR
1538:Toyol
1532:Gojek
1517:Other
1412:Music
1394:Toyol
1333:]
1326:Toyol
1171:. In
1161:Khmer
1148:kecit
1128:tuyul
1123:Malay
1117:Names
1107:blogs
1083:bomoh
1081:, or
1075:dukun
1059:tuyul
1055:toyol
968:Hantu
796:Turgo
733:Dukun
728:Bomoh
645:Burak
618:Wisnu
603:Tuyul
563:Semar
428:Ifrit
423:Hudoq
418:Hyang
300:Wisnu
245:Hyang
240:Hudoq
2752:Bali
2664:Java
2628:Adat
2562:ISSN
2421:2021
2414:IMDB
2396:link
2378:OCLC
2368:ISBN
2335:ISSN
2254:2021
2247:IMDB
2229:2021
2204:2021
2197:IMDB
2065:ISSN
1991:2021
1978:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1878:2021
1865:ISBN
1845:2021
1832:ISBN
1786:2021
1773:ISBN
1735:2021
1722:ISBN
1701:link
1623:ISBN
1530:and
1528:Grab
1340:and
1315:Film
1273:Bali
1212:and
1208:the
1173:Thai
1065:and
928:Kris
665:Naga
583:Siwa
468:Leak
328:Agni
285:Siwa
160:Agni
102:Iban
57:Adat
32:and
2554:doi
2490:doi
2327:doi
2057:doi
1751:,”
1683:doi
1572:Imp
1271:in
1167:in
1159:in
1151:in
1141:in
1131:in
1057:or
443:Jin
3378::
2654:•
2650:•
2646:•
2642:•
2638:•
2634:•
2630:•
2568:.
2560:.
2548:.
2544:.
2508:.
2437:.
2412:.
2392:}}
2388:{{
2376:.
2341:.
2333:.
2323:84
2321:.
2317:.
2271:.
2245:.
2220:.
2195:.
2128:.
2079:.
2071:.
2063:.
2053:15
2051:.
2047:.
2023:^
1999:^
1697:}}
1693:{{
1677:.
1637:^
1331:ms
1275:,
1195:.
1135:,
1077:,
1053:A
3002:e
2995:t
2988:v
2604:e
2597:t
2590:v
2576:.
2556::
2550:6
2492::
2475:.
2462:.
2448:.
2423:.
2398:)
2384:.
2349:.
2329::
2302:.
2281:.
2256:.
2231:.
2206:.
2168:.
2138:.
2087:.
2059::
1993:.
1959:.
1934:.
1907:.
1880:.
1847:.
1813:.
1788:.
1737:.
1703:)
1685::
1631:.
1502:.
1344:.
1042:e
1035:t
1028:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
