2039:
humans. Both mouse Taar3 and Taar5 detect compounds (isoamylamine and trimethylamine, respectively) that are enriched in male versus female mouse urine. Isoamylamine in male urine is reported to act as a pheromone, accelerating puberty onset in female mice . The authors suggest the Taar family has a chemosensory function that is distinct from odorant receptors with a role associated with the detection of social cues. ... The evolutionary pattern of the TAAR gene family is characterized by lineage-specific phylogenetic clustering . These characteristics are very similar to those observed in the olfactory GPCRs and vomeronasal (V1R, V2R) GPCR gene families.
1196:
1693:
to recognize new ligands, with almost an entire teleost clade losing the canonical amine-recognition motif. Furthermore, while some TAARs detect aversive odors, TAAR-mediated behaviors can vary across species. ... The ability of particular TAARs to mediate aversion and attraction behavior provides an exciting opportunity for mechanistic unraveling of odor valence encoding.
291:– have been identified and partially characterized. The table below contains summary information from literature reviews, pharmacology databases, and supplementary primary research articles on the expression profiles, signal transduction mechanisms, ligands, and physiological functions of these receptors.
2038:
Importantly, three ligands identified activating mouse Taars are natural components of mouse urine, a major source of social cues in rodents. Mouse Taar4 recognizes β-phenylethylamine, a compound whose elevation in urine is correlated with increases in stress and stress responses in both rodents and
2698: ... No expression of TAAR9 was detected by RT-PCR in the Grueneberg ganglion . TAAR9 expression was not detected by Northern blot analysis in thalamus, amygdala, midbrain, hippocampus, putamen, caudate, frontal cortex, pons, prostate, stomach, heart, bladder, small intestine, colon or uterus .
2220:
While mice produce gender-specific amounts of urinary TMA levels and were attracted by TMA, this odor is repellent to rats and aversive to humans , indicating that there must be species-specific functions. ... Furthermore, a homozygous knockout of murine TAAR5 abolished the attraction behavior
1692:
Roles for another receptor are supported by TAAR5-independent trimethylamine anosmias in humans . ... Several TAARs detect volatile and aversive amines, but the olfactory system is capable of discarding ligand-based or function-based constraints on TAAR evolution. Particular TAARs have mutated
1869:
Two of the trace amine receptors are inactivated in a portion of the human population. There is a polymorphism in TAAR2 (rs8192646) producing a premature stop codon at amino acid 168 in 10–15% of Asians. TAAR9 (formerly TRAR3) appears to be functional in most individuals but has a polymorphic
1144:
in mice and aversion to trimethylamine in rats. In humans, hTAAR5 presumably mediates aversion to trimethylamine, which is known to act as an hTAAR5 agonist and to possess a foul, fishy odor that is aversive to humans; however, hTAAR5 is not the only olfactory receptor that is responsible for
1870:
premature stop codon at amino acid 61 (rs2842899) with an allele frequency of 10–30% in different populations (Vanti et al., 2003). TAAR3 (formerly GPR57) and TAAR4 (current gene symbol, TAAR4P) are thought to be pseudogenes in man though functional in rodents (Lindemann et al., 2005).
1333:
Bunzow JR, Sonders MS, Arttamangkul S, Harrison LM, Zhang G, Quigley DI, et al. (December 2001). "Amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters are agonists of a rat trace amine receptor".
2784:
2221:
to TMA . Thus, it is concluded that TAAR5 itself is sufficient to mediate a behavioral response at least in mice. ... Whether the TAAR5 activation by TMA elicits specific behavioral output like avoidance behavior in humans still needs to be examined.
2518:
Human brain tissues (with the level of expression descending from hippocampus, substantia nigra, amygdala, frontal cortex to basal ganglia), human fetal liver. Not detected in the cerebellum or placenta.; Species: Human; Technique:
2365:
We show that responds to the tertiary amine N,N-dimethylethylamine and to a lesser extent to trimethylamine, a structurally related agonist for mouse and rat TAAR5 (Liberles and Buck, 2006; Staubert et al., 2010; Ferrero et al.,
1188:/ SEP 363856 is a TAAR1 agonist in phase 3 clinical trials for schizophrenia and earlier trials for Parkinson's Disease psychosis. The medicine has obtained Breakthrough designation from the US FDA.
1537:
Hart ME, Suchland KL, Miyakawa M, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Scanlan TS (February 2006). "Trace amine-associated receptor agonists: synthesis and evaluation of thyronamines and related analogues".
1459:
Scanlan TS, Suchland KL, Hart ME, Chiellini G, Huang Y, Kruzich PJ, et al. (June 2004). "3-Iodothyronamine is an endogenous and rapid-acting derivative of thyroid hormone".
6140:
377:
3394:
2130:
Khan MZ, Nawaz W (October 2016). "The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system".
1828:"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVIII. G protein-coupled receptor list: recommendations for new pairings with cognate ligands"
57:, the first of six functional human TAARs, has gained considerable interest in academic and proprietary pharmaceutical research due to its role as the
5606:
2785:"Sunovion and PsychoGenics Announce that SEP-363856 Has Received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the Treatment of People with Schizophrenia"
4544:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
1421:
Lam VM, Espinoza S, Gerasimov AS, Gainetdinov RR, Salahpour A (September 2015). "In-vivo pharmacology of Trace-Amine
Associated Receptor 1".
1145:
trimethylamine olfaction in humans. As of
December 2015, hTAAR5-mediated trimethylamine aversion has not been examined in published research.
1140:. This review also noted that the behavioral response evoked by a TAAR can vary across species. For example, TAAR5 mediates attraction to
5476:
1374:"The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity"
5866:
5861:
5897:
5242:
3387:
5857:
4643:
4638:
5881:
5563:
5558:
5553:
4519:
2115:
Comments: TAAR2 is found to be coexpressed with Gα proteins. However, the transduction pathway of TAAR2 is yet to be determined.
5937:
4807:
4634:
2846:
5548:
4494:
2855:
6301:
4722:
4534:
4004:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3380:
5535:
4184:
5440:
4409:
2250:
1207:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
4297:
4092:
4087:
4082:
3718:
5891:
5886:
4826:
4821:
3902:
3897:
3031:
3026:
6070:
5977:
4831:
4077:
2172:"Timberol® Inhibits TAAR5-Mediated Responses to Trimethylamine and Influences the Olfactory Threshold in Humans"
5926:
5921:
5455:
4696:
4691:
4539:
4388:
4383:
1040:
5460:
3083:
1128:
A review of studies involving non-human animals indicated that TAARs in the olfactory epithelium can mediate
2682:
2499:
2098:
1953:
Liberles SD, Buck LB (August 2006). "A second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium".
5917:
4257:
4252:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3361:
2025:
5451:
4018:
4013:
3474:
3454:
499:
1698:
Figure 2: Table of ligands, expression patterns, and species-specific behavioral responses for each TAAR
4451:
4446:
4302:
4292:
4287:
4272:
4267:
4240:
4066:
4061:
4056:
3967:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3407:
3036:
2893:
2839:
50:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4248:
4134:
3962:
3944:
3925:
3918:
3437:
3372:
1155:
3108:
1826:
Davenport AP, Alexander SP, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, et al. (July 2013).
1502:
Lindemann L, Hoener MC (May 2005). "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family".
6043:
5912:
5872:
5518:
4442:
4404:
4263:
4052:
3976:
3930:
3420:
3118:
2533:"Deregulation of Trace Amine-Associated Receptors (TAAR) Expression and Signaling Mode in Melanoma"
1770:"International Union of Pharmacology. LXXII. Recommendations for trace amine receptor nomenclature"
467:
2813:
1911:"Pharmacology of human trace amine-associated receptors: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges"
1697:
985:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4716:
4711:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4608:
4474:
4358:
4326:
4321:
4283:
4278:
4189:
3913:
3133:
1026:. Hence, unlike all other human trace amine-associated receptors, hTAAR1 does not function as an
61:
20:
2824:
2242:
2056:"Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2"
4429:
4424:
4341:
4336:
3935:
3536:
3531:
3346:
or in the associated compound articles. For TAAR2 and TAAR5 agonists and inverse agonists, see
3272:
3103:
3098:
3093:
2940:
2582:
Mühlhaus J, Dinter J, Nürnberg D, Rehders M, Depke M, Golchert J, et al. (November 2014).
1108:
1010:
721:
594:
492:
437:
390:
212:
206:
136:
2584:"Analysis of human TAAR8 and murine Taar8b mediated signaling pathways and expression profile"
2380:"Inverse agonistic action of 3-iodothyronamine at the human trace amine-associated receptor 5"
1282:
Borowsky B, Adham N, Jones KA, Raddatz R, Artymyshyn R, Ogozalek KL, et al. (July 2001).
6306:
5974:
4812:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4752:
4707:
4604:
4467:
4462:
4414:
4317:
4312:
4099:
3983:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3541:
3526:
3403:
2858:
2832:
329:
2234:
6024:
5682:
4994:
4817:
4802:
4379:
4332:
4009:
3988:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3068:
2710:
Heffernan ML, Herman LW, Brown S, Jones PG, Shao L, Hewitt MC, et al. (January 2022).
2453:
2391:
2279:
2266:
Wallrabenstein I, Kuklan J, Weber L, Zborala S, Werner M, Altmüller J, et al. (2013).
2183:
1962:
1722:
1162:
1159:
1100:
1044:
1023:
563:
4668:
4663:
4658:
408:
8:
5847:
4782:
4673:
4457:
4420:
3885:
3514:
3446:
3073:
2442:"Identifying human diamine sensors for death related putrescine and cadaverine molecules"
1122:
311:
2457:
2395:
2283:
2187:
1966:
1726:
1009:
As of
December 2017, the functions of hTAAR2, hTAAR5, hTAAR6, hTAAR8, and hTAAR9 in the
6066:
5577:
5401:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4437:
3812:
3785:
3522:
3180:
2977:
2736:
2711:
2659:
2634:
2610:
2583:
2559:
2532:
2476:
2441:
2414:
2379:
2351:
2326:
2302:
2267:
2206:
2171:
1986:
1852:
1827:
1794:
1769:
1745:
1711:"Positive Darwinian selection and the birth of an olfactory receptor clade in teleosts"
1710:
1678:
1653:
1598:
1573:
1484:
1398:
1373:
1247:
1232:
1104:
1027:
749:
132:
5932:
5876:
5522:
5252:
5247:
4702:
4399:
3748:
3314:
2935:
2930:
2741:
2664:
2615:
2564:
2481:
2419:
2356:
2307:
2246:
2235:
2211:
2147:
2077:
1978:
1932:
1927:
1910:
1857:
1799:
1750:
1683:
1603:
1589:
1554:
1519:
1476:
1438:
1403:
1389:
1351:
1315:
1310:
1283:
761:
452:
219:
2125:
2123:
4727:
4649:
4499:
2948:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2654:
2646:
2605:
2595:
2554:
2544:
2471:
2461:
2409:
2399:
2378:
Dinter J, Mühlhaus J, Wienchol CL, Yi CX, Nürnberg D, Morin S, et al. (2015).
2346:
2342:
2338:
2297:
2287:
2201:
2191:
2139:
2067:
1990:
1970:
1922:
1847:
1839:
1789:
1781:
1740:
1730:
1673:
1665:
1593:
1585:
1546:
1511:
1488:
1468:
1430:
1393:
1385:
1343:
1305:
1295:
1284:"Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors"
1039:
hTAAR2 is a non-functional receptor in 10–15% of Asians due to the occurrence of a
712:
693:
368:
359:
1768:
Maguire JJ, Parker WA, Foord SM, Bonner TI, Neubig RR, Davenport AP (March 2009).
741: • Olfaction: chemoreceptor for volatile & foul odorants
6120:
5907:
5716:
5005:
4687:
4654:
4394:
3691:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3198:
3141:
3123:
3113:
2964:
2956:
2466:
2404:
2292:
2196:
2143:
2120:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1434:
1252:
1068:, however its exact signal transduction mechanisms have not yet been established.
1061:
1013:
and peripheral tissues outside the olfactory epithelium have not been determined.
975:
971:
441:
318:
296:
The pharmacology and molecular biology of human trace amine-associated receptors
128:
120:
104:
96:
2268:"Human trace amine-associated receptor TAAR5 can be activated by trimethylamine"
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
456: • CNS: regulation of cognitive processes & mood states
383:
5993:
4853:
4681:
3908:
3701:
3696:
3686:
3662:
3632:
3627:
3284:
2972:
2913:
2650:
1715:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1669:
1515:
1288:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1141:
745:
488:
68:
3332:
6295:
6048:
5697:
5692:
5687:
4613:
4549:
3617:
3000:
2992:
1875:
1129:
590:
471:
84:
2440:
Izquierdo C, Gómez-Tamayo JC, Nebel JC, Pardo L, Gonzalez A (January 2018).
1735:
5970:
4368:
4362:
3972:
3957:
3780:
3547:
3161:
3078:
3053:
2745:
2668:
2635:"Trace amine-associated receptors: ligands, neural circuits, and behaviors"
2619:
2568:
2485:
2423:
2360:
2311:
2215:
2151:
2081:
1982:
1936:
1861:
1803:
1754:
1687:
1654:"Trace amine-associated receptors: ligands, neural circuits, and behaviors"
1607:
1558:
1523:
1480:
1442:
1407:
1355:
1319:
1300:
1206: with: coverage of relevant material from this review. You can help by
479:
116:
2600:
1843:
1785:
1347:
3188:
3146:
3128:
3021:
2925:
2908:
2884:
2549:
2516:
Kidney, amygdala, hippocampus; Species: Human; Technique: RT-PCR ...
2327:"Ultrasensitive detection of amines by a trace amine-associated receptor"
1262:
1257:
897:
511:
403:
394:
255:
100:
65:
24:
2072:
2055:
1974:
1195:
6272:
6188:
5415:
3156:
3058:
3048:
2987:
2982:
1078:
1022:
hTAAR1 is the only TAAR subtype that is not expressed within the human
981: • Olfaction: chemoreceptor for volatile odorants
922:
918:
914: • Olfaction: chemoreceptor for volatile odorants
886:
824:
820:
816: • Olfaction: chemoreceptor for volatile odorants
810:
Periphery: olfactory epithelium, intestines, testes, leukocytes,
630:
581:
515:
462:
197:
146:
92:
80:
76:
58:
3402:
1550:
738:
Periphery: olfactory epithelium, intestines, testes, leukocytes
5981:
5902:
3424:
3166:
3151:
3063:
2918:
2903:
2531:
Vaganova AN, Kuvarzin SR, Sycheva AM, Gainetdinov RR (January 2022).
2325:
Zhang J, Pacifico R, Cawley D, Feinstein P, Bozza T (February 2013).
2165:
2163:
2161:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1242:
1185:
1133:
1118:
961:
801:
586:
578:
547:
459:
449:
445:
427:
423:
237:
112:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
6206:
6184:
2898:
2170:
Wallrabenstein I, Singer M, Panten J, Hatt H, Gisselmann G (2015).
1574:"Trace amine-associated receptor 1-Family archetype or iconoclast?"
1472:
504:
484:
419:
88:
72:
3331:
References for all endogenous human TAAR1 ligands are provided at
2530:
2158:
157:
The following is a list of the TAARs contained in selected animal
5277:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
2875:
2854:
2053:
1614:
1332:
1237:
1137:
1114:
415:
142:
2265:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6115:
6060:
6055:
6017:
6012:
6007:
5969:
5852:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5490:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5396:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5237:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4528:
4219:
4042:
4036:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3586:
2760:"Sunovion: creating therapies to help transform people's lives"
2712:"Ulotaront: A TAAR1 Agonist for the Treatment of Schizophrenia"
2439:
1909:
Berry MD, Gainetdinov RR, Hoener MC, Shahid M (December 2017).
1825:
1420:
970:
Periphery: olfactory epithelium, intestines, leukocytes,
909:
905:
811:
571:
249:
158:
124:
2169:
2054:
Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (March 2013).
6255:
5946:
5941:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5704:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5485:
5480:
5470:
5465:
5406:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
4558:
4523:
4373:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4179:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4071:
4031:
4026:
3949:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3596:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3343:
3257:
3220:
3206:
2866:
2581:
1111:
1099:
In humans and other animals, TAARs that are expressed in the
932:
860:
773:
682:
609:
567:
525:
341:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
225:
201:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
165:
139:
54:
2759:
2324:
1908:
1458:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
5628:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5420:
5410:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
4677:
4553:
4047:
3088:
1154:
hTAAR9 is a functional receptor in most individuals, but a
951:
901:
900:, stomach, intestines, heart, testes, leukocytes, kidneys,
878:
791:
702:
537:
243:
169:
108:
95:, respectively – ephedrine, as well as the synthetic
6182:
1536:
1180:
475: • Regulation of satiety & body weight
5445:
2820:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
2709:
1281:
262:
231:
3342:
References for synthetic TAAR1 agonists can be found at
2685:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
2502:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
2377:
2101:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
2028:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
1767:
1708:
2371:
267:
Six human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) –
984: • Agonist: N-Methyl piperidine (CAS:
19:"TAAR" redirects here. For other uses of "Taar", see
2233:Offermanns, Stefan (2008). Walter Rosenthal (ed.).
1125:
involved in the olfactive detection of social cues.
3347:
1709:Hussain A, Saraiva LR, Korsching SI (March 2009).
1077:hTAAR2 expression has been observed in the human
466: • Periphery: regulation of
6293:
1948:
1946:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1121:; these TAARs putatively function as a class of
2435:
2433:
2226:
2093:
2091:
2049:
2047:
2020:
1501:
2318:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1454:
1452:
3388:
2840:
2818:IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels
1943:
1810:
1060:hTAAR2 has been found to be coexpressed with
2675:
2626:
2492:
2430:
2259:
2088:
2044:
1952:
1761:
1702:
1414:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
3419:
2588:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2241:(2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer. pp.
1997:
1565:
1530:
1495:
1449:
1326:
1275:
5517:
3395:
3381:
2847:
2833:
2232:
2735:
2658:
2609:
2599:
2558:
2548:
2475:
2465:
2413:
2403:
2350:
2301:
2291:
2205:
2195:
2129:
2071:
1926:
1851:
1793:
1744:
1734:
1677:
1597:
1397:
1309:
1299:
1084:
152:
2632:
1651:
1367:
1365:
1181:Disease links and clinical significance
896:Periphery: olfactory epithelium,
111:, ecstasy). In 2004, it was shown that
6294:
4545:Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
2237:Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
1571:
1371:
641:
636:
624:
619:
263:Human trace amine-associated receptors
6181:
5968:
5549:Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor
5516:
3418:
3376:
2856:Human trace amine-associated receptor
2828:
1362:
1169:gene occurs in 10–30% of individuals.
325:Known or putative function in humans
2575:
2026:"Trace amine receptor: Introduction"
1190:
760: • Inverse agonists:
16:Class of G protein-coupled receptors
577: • Periphery:
458: • Periphery:
107:and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (
13:
1504:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
14:
6318:
3147:Ralmitaront (RG-7906, RO-6889450)
2806:
2132:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
5898:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
1928:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.002
1590:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.06.007
1423:European Journal of Pharmacology
1390:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x
1194:
31:Trace amine-associated receptors
5858:Corticotropin-releasing hormone
2777:
2752:
2716:ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
2703:
2639:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
2524:
2112:Primary Transduction Mechanisms
1915:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
1658:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
1578:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
1148:
1071:
1054:
1033:
1016:
1003:
4520:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2914:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
2728:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00527
2343:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4299-12.2013
1539:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
1041:single-nucleotide polymorphism
53:that were discovered in 2001.
1:
5938:Vasoactive intestinal peptide
4808:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
3362:Receptor/signaling modulators
1268:
917: • Agonists:
819: • Agonists:
240:– 112 genes and 4 pseudogenes
115:TAAR1 is also a receptor for
2696:Tissue Distribution Comments
2633:Liberles SD (October 2015).
2467:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005945
2405:10.1371/journal.pone.0117774
2293:10.1371/journal.pone.0054950
2197:10.1371/journal.pone.0144704
2144:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002
2060:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
1652:Liberles SD (October 2015).
1435:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.026
744: • Agonists:
258:– 25 genes and 1 pseudogenes
252:– 25 genes and 1 pseudogenes
234:– 17 genes and 2 pseudogenes
37:), sometimes referred to as
7:
6302:G protein-coupled receptors
4723:Prolactin-releasing peptide
3408:G protein-coupled receptors
2894:monoamine neurotransmitters
2331:The Journal of Neuroscience
1572:Grandy DK (December 2007).
1226:
1136:behavioral responses to an
500:Monoamine neurotransmitters
246:– 3 genes and 0 pseudogenes
228:– 15 genes and 1 pseudogene
222:– 3 genes and 6 pseudogenes
51:G protein-coupled receptors
10:
6323:
2651:10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.001
2446:PLOS Computational Biology
1670:10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.001
1516:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007
1372:Miller GM (January 2011).
131:. TAAR2–TAAR9 function as
18:
6265:
6199:
6195:
6177:
6034:
5992:
5988:
5964:
5838:
5715:
5534:
5530:
5512:
5387:
5004:
4852:
4845:
4351:
4239:
4232:
3997:
3884:
3875:
3711:
3616:
3513:
3445:
3436:
3432:
3414:
3327:
3307:
3293:
3265:
3256:
3238:
3228:
3219:
3197:
3179:
3014:
2883:
2874:
2865:
1378:Journal of Neurochemistry
1156:loss-of-function mutation
995:
931:
859:
833:
772:
681:
650:
608:
524:
340:
333:
327:
324:
317:
310:
305:
300:
6044:Calcium-sensing receptor
5913:Methuselah-like proteins
2909:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
4190:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
4078:Hydroxycarboxylic acids
3044:-Dimethylphenethylamine
2814:"Trace Amine Receptors"
1832:Pharmacological Reviews
1774:Pharmacological Reviews
1736:10.1073/pnas.0803229106
730:CNS: brain
555:CNS: brain
516:some structural analogs
21:Tar (string instrument)
6071:Metabotropic glutamate
3167:Ulotaront (SEP-363856)
3109:β-Methylphenethylamine
3104:4-Methylphenethylamine
3099:3-Methylphenethylamine
3094:2-Methylphenethylamine
1336:Molecular Pharmacology
1301:10.1073/pnas.151105198
968:CNS: spinal cord
964: coupling unknown
804: coupling unknown
550: coupling unknown
153:Animal TAAR complement
4100:Lysophosphatidic acid
3404:Cell surface receptor
3089:MDMA (midomafetamine)
3015:Synthetic and natural
2944:-Methylphenethylamine
2601:10.3390/ijms151120638
1844:10.1124/pr.112.007179
1786:10.1124/pr.109.001107
1348:10.1124/mol.60.6.1181
81:metabolic derivatives
39:trace amine receptors
6025:Vomeronasal receptor
4995:Vomeronasal receptor
3333:List of trace amines
3069:4-Hydroxyamphetamine
2550:10.3390/biom12010114
1163:premature stop codon
1117:, including certain
1101:olfactory epithelium
1045:premature stop codon
1024:olfactory epithelium
847:Pseudogene in humans
669:Pseudogene in humans
564:olfactory epithelium
5918:Parathyroid hormone
3878:signaling molecules
3294:Neutral antagonists
3280:-Dimethylethylamine
3239:Neutral antagonists
3181:Neutral antagonists
3084:MDA (tenamfetamine)
3074:Isopropyloctopamine
2594:(11): 20638–20655.
2513:Tissue Distribution
2458:2018PLSCB..14E5945I
2396:2015PLoSO..1017774D
2284:2013PLoSO...854950W
2188:2015PLoSO..1044704W
2073:10.1189/jlb.0912433
1975:10.1038/nature05066
1967:2006Natur.442..645L
1727:2009PNAS..106.4313H
1123:pheromone receptors
1105:olfactory receptors
297:
133:olfactory receptors
83:of the amino acids
49:s), are a class of
6067:Glutamate receptor
5452:Protease-activated
2978:Phenylethanolamine
1248:Pheromone receptor
1233:Olfactory receptor
1158:– specifically, a
1028:olfactory receptor
585: •
510: •
498: •
478: •
436: •
295:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6168:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5499:
4841:
4840:
4228:
4227:
3871:
3870:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3351:
3335:
3323:
3322:
3315:3-Iodothyronamine
3252:
3251:
3215:
3214:
3207:EPPTB (RO5212773)
3175:
3174:
2936:3-Methoxytyramine
2931:3-Iodothyronamine
2789:news.sunovion.com
1961:(7103): 645–650.
1721:(11): 4313–4318.
1551:10.1021/jm0505718
1429:(Pt B): 136–142.
1294:(16): 8966–8971.
1224:
1223:
1177:
1176:
965:
947:
943:
870:
805:
787:
783:
762:3-iodothyronamine
733:
689:
659:
616:
562:Periphery:
558:
551:
533:
508:
496:
453:neurotransmission
433:
407:Periphery:
400:
355:
351:
336:
6314:
6197:
6196:
6179:
6178:
5990:
5989:
5966:
5965:
5532:
5531:
5514:
5513:
4850:
4849:
4237:
4236:
4135:Lysophospholipid
3882:
3881:
3443:
3442:
3438:Neurotransmitter
3434:
3433:
3416:
3415:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3356:
3341:
3330:
3308:Inverse agonists
3263:
3262:
3226:
3225:
3199:Inverse agonists
2881:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2764:www.sunovion.com
2756:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2690:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2509:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2354:
2337:(7): 3228–3239.
2322:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2240:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2209:
2199:
2182:(12): e0144704.
2167:
2156:
2155:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2022:
1995:
1994:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1906:
1873:
1872:
1855:
1823:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1681:
1649:
1612:
1611:
1601:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1545:(3): 1101–1112.
1534:
1528:
1527:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1401:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1342:(6): 1181–1188.
1330:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1279:
1219:
1216:
1198:
1191:
1170:
1152:
1146:
1097:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1058:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1007:
959:
957:
945:
938:
894:CNS: brain
884:
874:
865:
808:CNS: brain
799:
797:
785:
778:
731:
727:
718:
708:
699:
687:
654:
643:
638:
626:
621:
614:
559:
556:
545:
543:
531:
502:
482:
431:
412:
402:
398:
386:
374:
365:
353:
346:
334:
298:
294:
129:thyroid hormones
97:psychostimulants
6322:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6277:
6261:
6191:
6165:
6052:
6030:
5984:
5952:
5834:
5711:
5526:
5496:
5383:
5000:
4837:
4443:Cholecystokinin
4347:
4224:
4053:Free fatty acid
3993:
3877:
3876:Metabolites and
3867:
3707:
3612:
3509:
3428:
3410:
3401:
3371:
3366:
3354:
3352:
3350:for references.
3338:
3336:
3319:
3303:
3289:
3248:
3234:
3211:
3193:
3171:
3142:Propylhexedrine
3124:Norfenfluramine
3114:Methamphetamine
3010:
2952:-Methyltyramine
2861:
2853:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2708:
2704:
2688:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2631:
2627:
2580:
2576:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2452:(1): e1005945.
2438:
2431:
2390:(2): e0117774.
2376:
2372:
2323:
2319:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2231:
2227:
2168:
2159:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2052:
2045:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2023:
1998:
1951:
1944:
1907:
1876:
1867:TAAR2 and TAAR9
1824:
1811:
1766:
1762:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1650:
1615:
1570:
1566:
1535:
1531:
1500:
1496:
1461:Nature Medicine
1457:
1450:
1419:
1415:
1370:
1363:
1331:
1327:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1253:Psychostimulant
1229:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1204:needs expansion
1183:
1178:
1173:
1165:– in the human
1153:
1149:
1127:
1126:
1098:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
991:
976:skeletal muscle
972:pituitary gland
969:
955:
950:
944:
942:
935:
927:
895:
890:
882:
877:
872:
871:
869:
855:
829:
809:
795:
790:
784:
782:
768:
767:
766:
759:
737:
735:
725:
720:
716:
711:
710:
706:
701:
697:
692:
677:
658:
646:
604:
603:
598:
584:
561:
554:
541:
536:
528:
520:
509:
497:
474:
465:
457:
455:
410:
406:
389:
382:
381:
376:
372:
367:
363:
358:
352:
350:
320:
313:
307:
302:
265:
155:
105:methamphetamine
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6320:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6203:
6201:
6193:
6192:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6138:
6132:
6127:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6064:
6058:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6010:
5999:
5997:
5986:
5985:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5944:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5870:
5864:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5540:
5538:
5528:
5527:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5488:
5483:
5474:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5449:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5404:
5399:
5397:Adrenomedullin
5393:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4859:
4857:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4829:
4824:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4789:
4780:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4750:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4725:
4720:
4714:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4685:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4632:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4602:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4517:
4511:
4506:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4481:
4475:Formyl peptide
4472:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4455:
4449:
4440:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4427:
4418:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4339:
4330:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4261:
4255:
4245:
4243:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4132:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4095:
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3559:
3554:
3545:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3481:
3472:
3466:
3461:
3451:
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3429:
3412:
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3340:
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3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3285:Trimethylamine
3282:
3269:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3236:
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3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2973:Phenethylamine
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2808:
2807:External links
2805:
2802:
2801:
2776:
2751:
2702:
2674:
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2523:
2491:
2429:
2370:
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2258:
2252:978-3540389163
2251:
2225:
2157:
2119:
2087:
2066:(3): 387–394.
2043:
1996:
1942:
1874:
1838:(3): 967–986.
1809:
1760:
1701:
1613:
1584:(3): 355–390.
1564:
1529:
1510:(5): 274–281.
1494:
1473:10.1038/nm1051
1467:(6): 638–642.
1448:
1413:
1384:(2): 164–176.
1361:
1325:
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1222:
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1171:
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1142:trimethylamine
1083:
1070:
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1053:
1032:
1015:
1001:
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746:trimethylamine
742:
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605:
601:
599:
575:
566:, intestines,
552:
539:
534:
529:
522:
521:
518:
476:
470:release &
434:
387:
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264:
261:
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154:
151:
121:decarboxylated
69:phenethylamine
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6319:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6274:
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4846:Miscellaneous
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4390:
4387:
4385:
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4378:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:Anaphylatoxin
4357:
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4127:
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4115:
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4105:
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4098:
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4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4076:
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4017:
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3996:
3990:
3987:
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3964:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3948:
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3942:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3936:Prostaglandin
3934:
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3929:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
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3912:
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3910:
3907:
3904:
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3747:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3719:Acetylcholine
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3681:
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3600:
3598:
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3482:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3417:
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3405:
3398:
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3326:
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3259:
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3200:
3196:
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3130:
3127:
3125:
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3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
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3067:
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3019:
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3005:
3003:
2999:
2997:
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2991:
2989:
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2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2684:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2501:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2278:(2): e54950.
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2040:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1202:This section
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1050:
1047:in the human
1046:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
977:
973:
967:
963:
956:
949:
937:
934:
930:
926:
924:
920:
916:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
893:
891:
883:
876:
864:
862:
858:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
832:
828:
826:
822:
818:
815:
813:
807:
803:
796:
789:
777:
775:
771:
765:
763:
758:
756:
752:
747:
743:
740:
729:
726:
717:
707:
698:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
653:
649:
645:
640:
634:
632:
628:
623:
618:
613:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
591:chemoreceptor
588:
583:
580:
576:
574:, leukocytes
573:
569:
565:
553:
549:
542:
535:
530:
527:
523:
519:
517:
513:
506:
501:
494:
490:
486:
481:
477:
473:
472:blood glucose
469:
464:
461:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
405:
396:
392:
388:
385:
379:
373:
364:
357:
345:
343:
339:
331:
322:
315:
299:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
209:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
163:
162:
160:
150:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
130:
127:relatives of
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:phenylalanine
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
6307:Neuroscience
6035:
6002:
5975:Metabotropic
5839:
5724:
5677:
5635:
5601:
5572:
5543:
5388:
5013:
4862:
4813:Urotensin-II
4753:Somatostatin
4708:Prokineticin
4605:Melanocortin
4308:
4241:Neuropeptide
4180:Oxoglutarate
4022:
3984:Prostacyclin
3953:
3940:
3893:
3832:
3781:GHB receptor
3682:
3625:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3337:
3277:
3273:
3162:Solriamfetol
3134:
3079:Isoprenaline
3054:Halostachine
3041:
3037:
3001:
2993:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2926:Trace amines
2817:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2722:(1): 92–98.
2719:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2694:
2687:. Retrieved
2677:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2540:
2537:Biomolecules
2536:
2526:
2512:
2511:
2504:. Retrieved
2494:
2449:
2445:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2364:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2236:
2228:
2219:
2179:
2175:
2135:
2131:
2111:
2110:
2103:. Retrieved
2063:
2059:
2037:
2030:. Retrieved
1958:
1954:
1918:
1914:
1866:
1865:
1835:
1831:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1691:
1661:
1657:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1464:
1460:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1381:
1377:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1212:
1208:adding to it
1203:
1184:
1166:
1150:
1107:that detect
1103:function as
1073:
1056:
1048:
1043:involving a
1035:
1018:
1005:
849: – N/A
846:
754:
750:
732:(restricted)
671: – N/A
668:
629:
557:(restricted)
480:Trace amines
399:(widespread)
384:β-arrestin 2
314:transduction
266:
211:
205:
156:
117:thyronamines
66:trace amines
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:
5683:Latrophilin
4818:Vasopressin
4803:Thyrotropin
4380:Angiotensin
4333:Neurotensin
4010:Cannabinoid
3989:Thromboxane
3189:RTI-7470-44
3129:Phentermine
3022:Amphetamine
2968:-Octopamine
2960:-Octopamine
2138:: 439–449.
2032:15 February
1921:: 161–180.
1263:Trace amine
1258:Thyronamine
1160:polymorphic
898:melanocytes
736:spinal cord
512:Amphetamine
409:pancreatic
404:spinal cord
256:Stickleback
198:pseudogenes
147:vertebrates
125:deiodinated
101:amphetamine
25:Taar (film)
6296:Categories
6273:Smoothened
6266:Smoothened
6189:Smoothened
5848:Calcitonin
4783:Tachykinin
4680:, but not
4674:Nociceptin
4540:Kisspeptin
4458:Endothelin
4421:Bradykinin
4309:Neuromedin
3886:Eicosanoid
3515:Purinergic
3447:Adrenergic
3157:Selegiline
3059:Higenamine
3049:Guanfacine
2988:Tryptamine
2983:Synephrine
2892:Classical
2885:Endogenous
2543:(1): 114.
1780:(1): 1–8.
1269:References
1215:March 2018
1130:attractive
1119:pheromones
1079:cerebellum
1030:in humans.
923:cadaverine
919:putrescine
825:cadaverine
821:putrescine
631:Pseudogene
582:chemotaxis
468:GI hormone
463:chemotaxis
442:modulation
428:leukocytes
424:intestines
319:Expression
220:Chimpanzee
93:tryptophan
77:tryptamine
59:endogenous
6183:Class F:
5982:pheromone
5978:glutamate
5402:Olfactory
4438:Chemokine
4220:Succinate
4005:Bile acid
3813:Melatonin
3786:Histamine
3626:(all but
3618:Serotonin
3523:Adenosine
3425:Rhodopsin
3359:See also:
3152:RO5166017
3064:Hordenine
3004:-Tyramine
2996:-Tyramine
2919:Serotonin
2904:Histamine
1243:Pheromone
1186:Ulotaront
978:, spleen
962:G protein
802:G protein
633:in humans
587:Olfaction
579:leukocyte
548:G protein
460:leukocyte
450:glutamate
446:monoamine
432:elsewhere
238:Zebrafish
113:mammalian
6207:Frizzled
6200:Frizzled
6185:Frizzled
6027:, type 2
5933:Secretin
5873:Glucagon
5578:Cadherin
5536:Adhesion
5523:Secretin
4856:, bitter
4703:Oxytocin
4400:Bombesin
4048:Estrogen
3749:Dopamine
3266:Agonists
3229:Agonists
2899:Dopamine
2876:Agonists
2746:35047111
2669:25616211
2620:25391046
2569:35053262
2486:29324768
2424:25706283
2384:PLOS ONE
2361:23407976
2312:23393561
2272:PLOS ONE
2216:26684881
2176:PLOS ONE
2152:27424325
2082:23315425
1983:16878137
1937:28723415
1862:23686350
1804:19325074
1755:19237578
1688:25616211
1608:17888514
1559:16451074
1524:15860375
1481:15146179
1443:26093041
1408:21073468
1356:11723224
1320:11459929
1227:See also
1134:aversive
1115:odorants
1109:volatile
1066:proteins
986:626-67-5
635: –
597:odorants
595:volatile
589::
505:dopamine
485:tyramine
440::
420:duodenum
393::
303:subtype
196:) and 3
143:odorants
137:volatile
89:tyrosine
79: –
73:tyramine
64:for the
62:receptor
5996:, sweet
5971:Class C
5903:PACAPR1
5519:Class B
4728:Relaxin
4650:Motilin
4535:Ghrelin
4500:Galanin
4233:Peptide
3421:Class A
2859:ligands
2737:8762745
2683:"TAAR9"
2660:4508243
2645:: 1–7.
2611:4264187
2560:8774021
2500:"TAAR6"
2477:5783396
2454:Bibcode
2415:4382497
2392:Bibcode
2352:3711460
2303:3564852
2280:Bibcode
2245:–1222.
2207:4684214
2184:Bibcode
2099:"TAAR2"
1991:2864195
1963:Bibcode
1853:3698937
1795:2830119
1746:2657432
1723:Bibcode
1679:4508243
1664:: 1–7.
1599:2767338
1489:2389946
1399:3005101
1238:Odorant
1138:agonist
812:kidneys
560:
503:(e.g.,
483:(e.g.,
416:stomach
411:β-cells
397:
335:Sources
330:ligands
321:profile
159:genomes
6187:&
6116:GPRC6A
5853:CALCRL
5717:Orphan
5006:Orphan
4997:type 1
4688:Orexin
4676:&
4655:Opioid
4395:Apelin
3300:
3245:
3233:
2794:4 June
2769:4 June
2744:
2734:
2689:15 May
2667:
2657:
2618:
2608:
2567:
2557:
2519:RT-PCR
2506:15 May
2484:
2474:
2422:
2412:
2366:2012).
2359:
2349:
2310:
2300:
2249:
2214:
2204:
2150:
2105:15 May
2080:
1989:
1981:
1955:Nature
1935:
1860:
1850:
1802:
1792:
1753:
1743:
1686:
1676:
1606:
1596:
1557:
1522:
1487:
1479:
1441:
1406:
1396:
1354:
1318:
1308:
960:other
933:hTAAR9
910:spleen
906:muscle
873:GPR102
861:hTAAR8
834:TAAR7
800:other
774:hTAAR6
683:hTAAR5
651:TAAR4
572:testes
546:other
526:hTAAR2
342:hTAAR1
328:Known
312:Signal
308:names
289:hTAAR9
287:, and
285:hTAAR8
281:hTAAR6
277:hTAAR5
273:hTAAR2
269:hTAAR1
250:Medaka
213:TAAR7P
207:TAAR4P
75:, and
6036:Other
6003:TAS1R
5994:Taste
5892:GLP2R
5887:GLP1R
5840:Other
5705:ELTD1
5678:ADGRL
5636:ADGRG
5602:ADGRE
5573:ADGRC
5544:ADGRB
5525:-like
5407:Opsin
5389:Other
4863:TAS2R
4854:Taste
4682:Sigma
4664:Kappa
4659:Delta
4367:C5a (
4352:Other
3998:Other
3926:FPRL1
3894:CysLT
3712:Other
3663:5-HT2
3633:5-HT1
3628:5-HT3
3427:-like
3344:TAAR1
3258:TAAR5
3221:TAAR2
3119:3-MMA
2867:TAAR1
1987:S2CID
1485:S2CID
1311:55357
1167:TAAR9
1112:amine
1051:gene.
1049:TAAR2
998:Notes
902:lungs
757:-DMEA
724:12/13
615:GPR57
610:TAAR3
568:heart
532:GPR58
493:NMPEA
395:brain
378:GIRKs
306:Prior
226:Mouse
202:TAAR3
194:TAAR9
190:TAAR8
186:TAAR6
182:TAAR5
178:TAAR2
174:TAAR1
170:genes
168:– 6
166:Human
140:amine
55:TAAR1
45:s or
35:TAARs
6141:RAIG
6049:GABA
5882:GIPR
5629:CD97
5477:SREB
5278:137B
5253:109B
5248:109A
4678:Zeta
4635:MCHR
4415:NMBR
4410:GRPR
4405:BRS3
4043:EBI2
3909:LTB4
3833:TAAR
3683:5-HT
3348:TAAR
3137:-PIT
3032:DOET
2796:2022
2771:2022
2742:PMID
2691:2018
2665:PMID
2616:PMID
2565:PMID
2508:2018
2482:PMID
2420:PMID
2357:PMID
2308:PMID
2247:ISBN
2243:1219
2212:PMID
2148:PMID
2107:2018
2078:PMID
2034:2014
1979:PMID
1933:PMID
1858:PMID
1800:PMID
1751:PMID
1684:PMID
1604:PMID
1555:PMID
1520:PMID
1477:PMID
1439:PMID
1404:PMID
1352:PMID
1316:PMID
988:)
946:TAR3
921:and
852:N/A
843:N/A
840:N/A
823:and
786:TAR4
674:N/A
665:N/A
662:N/A
593:for
514:and
354:TAR1
301:TAAR
244:Frog
135:for
123:and
109:MDMA
91:and
23:and
6135:179
6130:158
6125:156
6121:GPR
5908:GPR
5829:157
5824:155
5819:144
5814:143
5809:133
5804:128
5799:126
5794:125
5789:124
5784:123
5779:116
5774:115
5769:114
5764:113
5759:112
5754:111
5749:110
5725:GPR
5607:EMR
5446:RRH
5441:RGR
5436:1SW
5431:1MW
5426:1LW
5378:183
5373:182
5368:177
5363:176
5358:174
5353:173
5348:171
5343:162
5338:161
5333:160
5328:153
5323:152
5318:151
5313:150
5308:149
5303:148
5298:146
5293:142
5288:141
5283:139
5273:135
5268:132
5263:120
5258:119
5243:103
5238:101
5014:GPR
4550:MAS
4495:FSH
4363:C3a
4249:B/W
4185:PAF
4037:119
4023:GPR
4019:CB2
4014:CB1
3975:),
3952:),
3931:OXE
3548:P2Y
3537:A2B
3532:A2A
3027:DOB
2732:PMC
2724:doi
2655:PMC
2647:doi
2606:PMC
2596:doi
2555:PMC
2545:doi
2472:PMC
2462:doi
2410:PMC
2400:doi
2347:PMC
2339:doi
2298:PMC
2288:doi
2202:PMC
2192:doi
2140:doi
2068:doi
1971:doi
1959:442
1923:doi
1919:180
1848:PMC
1840:doi
1790:PMC
1782:doi
1741:PMC
1731:doi
1719:106
1674:PMC
1666:doi
1594:PMC
1586:doi
1582:116
1547:doi
1512:doi
1469:doi
1431:doi
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