1423:
1803:
356:
332:
1307:
1317:
203:
is called the decision point (DP). Decision points are marked on the ground, but not on the map. The sole purpose of the decision point is to determine which flags are A, B, C, D or E, which is needed to make the answer. Competitors are allowed to move along the trail to observe, but need to choose the answer at the decision point. Each correct answer scores one point, and wrong answer scores zero point.
367:
are marked like in traditional orienteering. Moreover, There are fields for officials to record the times and answers at timed stations. The answers are recorded by punching the control card using the punch provided near the decision point for each control (or, in some competitions, carried by the competitor). Multiple punches or punches out-of-the-box are always considered wrong answers.
222:(alpha, bravo, charlie, delta, echo, foxtrot). They are given a set of maps including only the area around the controls, one for each question, and have to point at the correct answer on a plate showing A, B, C, D, E, F, Z, or speak out the answer orally (alpha, bravo, charlie, delta, echo, foxtrot, zero) as quickly as possible.
366:
Traditional paper control cards are in form of a multiple-choice control card, which contain an official copy and a competitor copy, and folded in halves to make them overlap when the control card is punched. Before the competition, the name, number and class is filled, and the start and finish times
202:
letter A, B, C, D or E, determined at the decision point from left to right but not shown physically), but only one or none correctly represent the control marked on the map. The competitors have to stay on trails as shown on the map and look at the control at a specified location on the trail, which
197:
PreO (precision orienteering) is the traditional form of trail orienteering. Competitors are given a map at the start. The locations of the controls, the start and the finish are marked on the map, as in traditional orienteering. At each site, there are a number of control flags (which is called by a
256:
The precision orienteering course consists of a number of controls, which must be a multiple of 3, where each member has to complete exactly one-third of the course in any order. For example, if there are 27 controls on the precision orienteering course, the first team member answers any 9 of them,
165:
TrailO has been developed to offer everyone, including people with limited mobility, a chance to participate in a meaningful orienteering competition. Because control points are identified from a distance, and competitors are not allowed to leave the trails, participants with and without physical
279:
The timed station for the third (final) leg is the final. When the third team member finishes the precision course, they are placed into a quarantine zone for the score calculation, and introduced into the timed station in reverse standing (i.e. longest time used
275:
The final score is calculated by adding all team members' time used at timed stations, plus 30 seconds penalty for each wrong answer at timed controls, and 60 seconds penalty for each point deduction (mistake or exceeding the overall time limit) in the precision
342:
For timed and TempO controls, maps must be prepared in a very complicated way (the map must be rotated and the sheet is completed by control descriptions, North arrow, pointing board etc.). This process can be facilitated by a special program
214:
A TempO course has timed controls only. The competitors are ranked according to their time taken, which is the time needed to answer all controls and 30 seconds penalty for each incorrect answer, including blank and multiple answers.
271:
After transition, the first and second team members are led to timed stations (which may be different for each leg), which is run using TempO rules with possible zero (Z) answer and 30 seconds penalty for each incorrect
267:
No communication among team members is allowed, except when at transition the previously teammate may pass a team sheet, which only indicates which controls are answered (but not the answer themselves) and nothing
1183:
381:
There are one unit for each control located near the decision point. The competitor carries a set of contactless cards, labelled A, B, C, etc., and tap the card of the chosen answer at the unit. (e.g.
206:
In addition, there may be a few timed controls in a PreO course, which is used for tie breaking only. They are not included in the total points (starting from 2014 rules) but only have the time taken.
308:
In advanced level of trail orienteering, apart from A, B, C, etc. which indicate the flag is the control shown on the map, there may also be the possibility for the answer to be Z (pronounced as
374:
There are multiple units (labelled A, B, C, etc.) for each control located near the decision point. The competitor carries one e-card and tap the e-card at the unit of the chosen answer (e.g.
1016:
218:
In each timed station, competitors are required to sit at a designated place, at which all control flags can be seen clearly. The flags are labelled from the left to the right, using the
158:(IOF). European Championships in trail orienteering have been organised every year since 1994. The first ever World Cup in trail orienteering was held in 1999, and the inaugural
363:
In PreO competitions, traditional paper control cards or e-cards may be used. Mobile applications on tablets and smartphones are tested as punching devices, nowadays.
24:
866:
903:
1218:
415:
845:
143:. It is conducted usually on trails and because the objective is accuracy, not the speed of physical movement, the sport is accessible to physically
876:
840:
169:
Unlike other forms of orienteering which involve the competitors physically visiting the control and punch it, trail orienteering is done in form of
242:
The TrailO relay is a team event of 3, where every team member has to complete a precision orienteering course first and a timed part afterwards.
850:
315:
How far a flag must be placed off the correct location for a control to be considered as zero answer (zero tolerance) is a highly debated topic.
1270:
295:
The combinations for the controls may be different among teams, but all teams answers the same overall combination. (akin to the forking of
871:
375:
393:) on a mobile device. The former way is to mark data on a paper by the officials at the timed stations and to submit it to the organizer.
1244:
1155:
292:
All team members share the same control sites, where each team member must visit in order, but the answers for each leg may be different.
382:
1190:
1178:
323:
Apart from a combustion-engine vehicle, any recognised mobility aids are permitted. Requested physical assistance is also permitted.
230:
A night course is similar to a normal PreO course except that reflective markers are used on control point flags. Competitors use a
1148:
1141:
908:
1288:
525:
460:
246:
186:
159:
1011:
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were organised in 2004. The World
Championships are now organised every year and were held in Vuokatti, Finland in 2013.
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1320:
450:
Competition rules for
International Orienteering Federation (IOF) trail orienteering events (valid from 1 January 2014)
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The start is a mass start, with a time limit set on the precision orienteering course shared by all three members.
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616:
1252:
801:
1964:
727:
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128:
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140:
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In TempO competitions, the current approach is to register answers and the time used by an application (
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1023:
890:
825:
584:
518:
177:, and the possible answers are one of the flag (A, B, etc.) seen from the decision point, or none (Z).
123:
and the corresponding terrain. Trail orienteers must identify, in the terrain and in the presence of
1877:
1829:
288:
counterpart, where the only difference to the format above is in the precision orienteering course:
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1213:
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1103:
545:
1163:
219:
2046:
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511:
35:
1938:
1898:
1621:
1346:
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659:
151:
1849:
8:
1772:
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1606:
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The transition is done in a transition area marked clearly on the map, just like in the
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the second answers any 9 out of remaining 18, and the third answers the remaining 9.
1995:
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312:), indicating there is no flag correctly placed at the control shown on the map.
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Trail
Orienteering / Disciplines / Top - International Orienteering Federation
2040:
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461:"Portuguese Orienteering Blog: TrailO Relay: The big party is coming!"
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2010:
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1824:
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The orienteering map is in ISSOM, usually at 1:5000 or 1:4000 scale.
2005:
1979:
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1407:
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1071:
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231:
144:
135:
skills but unlike most other forms of orienteering, it involves no
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If e-cards are used, there are two forms of punching the answer:
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There is also an alternative format, which resembles more to the
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counterpart, however, each team member gets an identical map.
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124:
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474:
23:
335:
TempO competition map made by TiM (ETOC 2018 Bratislava)
390:
344:
2038:
359:A sample control card used in trail orienteering
185:There are three official competition formats in
173:questions, where all questions are in the form
150:TrailO is one of four orienteering disciplines
175:which flag is placed at the control on the map
1347:
519:
432:"World Trail Orienteering Championships 2013"
147:competitors on equal terms as able-bodied.
1354:
1340:
526:
512:
119:sport that involves precise reading of an
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406:
354:
330:
2039:
247:World Trail Orienteering Championships
187:World Trail Orienteering Championships
160:World Trail Orienteering Championships
1335:
1012:International Orienteering Federation
507:
403:
166:disabilities compete on level terms.
156:International Orienteering Federation
79:Yes, with paralympic and open classes
40:International Orienteering Federation
627:Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area
1316:
131:shown on the map. TrailO involves
13:
14:
2058:
492:
1801:
1421:
1315:
1306:
1305:
533:
318:
22:
617:Amateur radio direction finding
350:
467:
453:
444:
424:
303:
1:
396:
1191:North American Championships
245:The official format used in
7:
1899:Radio-controlled car racing
551:List of orienteering events
10:
2063:
1554:Mountain bike orienteering
1361:
1263:Mountain bike orienteering
909:WinOL / WinOL II Oriantica
585:Mountain bike orienteering
477:. Don Braggins. 2007-09-10
180:
2021:
1988:
1952:
1921:
1886:
1878:Offshore powerboat racing
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1830:Motorcycle chariot racing
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189:: PreO, TempO and relay.
96:
91:
83:
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65:
57:
52:
44:
33:
21:
1873:Inshore powerboat racing
1214:Kainuu Orienteering Week
237:
225:
209:
2026:List of forms of racing
1393:Middle-distance running
1219:Jan Kjellström Festival
1104:Scoutcraft orienteering
867:OpenOrienteering Mapper
546:History of orienteering
192:
28:Trail orienteering logo
1868:Jet sprint boat racing
1174:European Championships
904:Suunnistussimulaattori
360:
336:
326:
220:NATO phonetic alphabet
1471:Cross country running
1398:Long-distance running
1005:Organisations / lists
358:
334:
137:point to point racing
1965:Cross-country skiing
1939:Slalom skateboarding
1622:Mountain bike racing
807:Satellite navigation
660:Mounted orienteering
475:"TRAIL ORIENTEERING"
1773:Pickup truck racing
1708:Paralympic swimming
1698:Open water swimming
1607:Road bicycle racing
1289:World Championships
1271:World Championships
1239:World Championships
1136:World Championships
1087:Location-based game
701:Transmitter hunting
463:. 27 February 2016.
36:governing body
18:
1989:Multi-sport racing
1788:Touring car racing
1574:Canoe orienteering
1569:Radio orienteering
1564:Trail orienteering
1281:Trail orienteering
1029:List of orienteers
942:cardinal direction
645:Canoe orienteering
595:Trail orienteering
418:2007-07-02 at the
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337:
109:Trail orienteering
17:Trail orienteering
16:
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2033:
1917:
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1863:Hydroplane racing
1812:Motorcycle racing
1778:Sports car racing
1703:Marathon swimming
1584:Mountain marathon
1549:Foot orienteering
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1128:Foot orienteering
1055:Non-sport related
899:Catching Features
885:
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709:
708:
655:Mountain marathon
580:Foot orienteering
560:Sport disciplines
139:and little or no
106:
105:
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1996:Adventure racing
1858:Drag boat racing
1850:Motorboat racing
1805:
1783:Stock car racing
1741:
1740:
1665:Greyhound racing
1589:Car orienteering
1559:Ski orienteering
1522:Snowshoe running
1517:Backward running
1476:Mountain running
1464:Off-road running
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1231:Ski orienteering
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1062:Adventure travel
930:orienteering map
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681:Adventure racing
650:Car orienteering
590:Ski orienteering
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121:orienteering map
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1970:Snowboard cross
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1067:Bicycle touring
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994:mountain biking
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420:Wayback Machine
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171:multiple choice
53:Characteristics
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1758:Formula racing
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1726:Speed climbing
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1642:Cycle speedway
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1599:Bicycle racing
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1046:List of events
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776:Eye protectors
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493:External links
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1675:Pigeon racing
1673:
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1655:
1653:
1652:Animal racing
1649:
1643:
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1627:Track cycling
1625:
1623:
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1617:Gravel racing
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1508:
1507:Tower running
1505:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:Trail running
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
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1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Ultramarathon
1448:
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1440:Half marathon
1438:
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1399:
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1380:Track running
1377:
1374:
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1024:List of clubs
1022:
1018:
1015:
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1010:
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1007:
1003:
995:
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897:
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878:
875:
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870:
868:
865:
864:
862:
858:
852:
851:SportSoftware
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
832:
829:
827:
823:
813:
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751:
749:
745:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
728:Control point
726:
725:
723:
719:
716:
712:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
686:Alleycat race
684:
682:
679:
678:
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672:
666:
663:
661:
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646:
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628:
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623:
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612:
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602:
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583:
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569:
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529:
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510:
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476:
470:
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456:
447:
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427:
421:
417:
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409:
407:
402:
394:
392:
384:
380:
377:
373:
372:
371:
368:
364:
357:
348:
346:
340:
333:
324:
319:Mobility aids
316:
313:
311:
298:
294:
291:
290:
289:
287:
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:
259:
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216:
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148:
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110:
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72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
39:
37:
32:
25:
20:
2047:Orienteering
1934:Sandboarding
1929:Longboarding
1922:Board racing
1840:Track racing
1820:Beach racing
1793:Truck racing
1736:Motor racing
1670:Horse racing
1660:Camel racing
1563:
1541:Orienteering
1481:Fell running
1432:Road running
1413:Steeplechase
1280:
1195:Open events
1120:Competitions
952:route choice
918:Fundamentals
691:Fell running
638:Other sports
594:
535:Orienteering
479:. Retrieved
469:
455:
446:
435:. Retrieved
426:
388:
369:
365:
362:
351:Control card
341:
338:
322:
314:
309:
307:
283:
244:
241:
229:
217:
213:
205:
196:
184:
174:
168:
164:
149:
141:route choice
117:orienteering
112:
108:
107:
66:Team members
1944:Street luge
1763:Kart racing
1753:Drag racing
1745:Auto racing
1612:Cyclo-cross
1512:Racewalking
1321:WikiProject
1169:World Games
891:Video games
860:Open-source
834:Proprietary
802:Backpacking
304:Zero answer
1894:Air racing
1835:Rally raid
1637:BMX racing
1491:Skyrunning
1403:Relay race
1184:University
1156:University
1109:wilderness
1092:geocaching
1039:innovators
1034:by country
957:wayfinding
937:Navigation
872:Purple Pen
795:Exceptions
764:protractor
696:Relay race
499:TrailO.org
481:2008-05-26
437:2013-07-24
397:References
376:SPORTident
152:sanctioned
133:navigation
69:Individual
2011:Aquathlon
2001:Triathlon
1825:Motocross
1579:Rogaining
1388:Sprinting
1253:World Cup
1164:World Cup
1097:poker run
947:resection
714:Equipment
665:Rogaining
622:Fox Oring
75:Mixed-sex
45:Nicknames
2041:Category
2006:Duathlon
1980:Sledding
1718:Climbing
1690:Swimming
1445:Marathon
1408:Hurdling
1311:Category
1199:O-Ringen
1072:Climbing
962:waypoint
826:Software
786:Headlamp
747:Personal
609:governed
572:governed
416:Archived
383:ToePunch
234:to see.
232:headlamp
145:disabled
115:) is an
92:Presence
34:Highest
1527:Parkour
1371:Running
1209:Tiomila
1149:Masters
1082:Hunting
1017:members
984:walking
979:running
812:Whistle
781:Gaiters
754:Compass
674:Related
280:first).
276:course.
272:answer.
181:Formats
154:by the
98:Olympic
87:Outdoor
58:Contact
1631:Keirin
1455:Ekiden
1363:Racing
1245:Junior
1204:Jukola
1142:Junior
1077:Hiking
989:skiing
974:hiking
969:Racing
846:Condes
733:Course
299:relay)
125:decoys
113:TrailO
48:TrailO
1887:Other
1500:Other
1179:Youth
769:thumb
721:Event
297:FootO
286:FootO
268:else.
262:FootO
238:Relay
226:Night
210:TempO
200:Latin
877:MeOS
841:OCAD
759:hand
605:IARU
310:zero
193:PreO
84:Type
925:Map
738:Map
568:IOF
391:ANT
345:TiM
327:Map
2043::
405:^
385:).
378:).
347:.
127:,
102:No
61:No
1633:)
1629:(
1355:e
1348:t
1341:v
607:-
570:-
527:e
520:t
513:v
484:.
440:.
111:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
