893:, are pronounced Let it Be and Sherlock Holmes, respectively, with no alterations. Similarly, Romanization can be far different from spoken pronunciation. 艾爾弗雷德 for example is pronounced far closer to Alfred than the romanization, Ài'ěrfúléidé, suggests. It is important to note that letter transcription and transliteration are not the same thing. 艾爾弗雷德 is a phonetic approximation of "Alfred" when pronounced Ài'ěrfúléidé and a transliteration of "Alfred" when pronounced exactly the same as "Alfred". The Chinese Knowledge has the definitions right, with 2 separate articles for
185:
68:
1721:
881:
may be very close to letter-by-letter transcription if the relations between letters and sounds are similar in both languages. In practice, there are some mixed transliteration/transcription systems that transliterate a part of the original script and transcribe the rest (adapt written form without
743:
Transliteration is the process of representing or intending to represent a word, phrase, or text in a different script or writing system. Transliterations are designed to convey the pronunciation of the original word in a different script, allowing readers or speakers of that script to approximate
923:, even for modern texts.) On the other hand, ⟨ευ⟩ is sometimes pronounced and sometimes , depending on the following sound. A transcription distinguishes them, but this is no requirement for a transliteration that renders both as ⟨eu⟩. The initial letter 'h' reflecting the historical
919:), and a modern transcription renders them all as ⟨i⟩; but a transliteration distinguishes them, for example by transliterating to ⟨ī⟩ ⟨i⟩ ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ei⟩ ⟨oi⟩ ⟨yi⟩. (As the ancient pronunciation of ⟨η⟩ was , it is often transliterated as an ⟨i⟩ with a
877:
Still, most systems of transliteration map the letters of the source script to letters pronounced similarly in the target script, for some specific pair of source and target language. Transliteration
1711:
784:
834:
for phonemic transcription and square brackets for phonetic transcription. Angle brackets may also be used to set off characters in the original script. Conventions and author preferences vary.
1709:
1622:
889:
Many websites recognize transliteration as converting the written form to a different script without altering the pronunciation. Лет ит Би and Шерлок Холмс, according to
1710:
819:
is also pronounced slightly differently than the original Greek pronunciation, as it is a phonetic approximation: a transcription, rather than a transliteration.
1512:
1764:
744:
the sounds and pronunciation of the original word. Transliterations do not change the pronunciation of the word. Thus, in the Greek above example,
535:
443:
547:
573:
1822:
Ottawa
University, April 1965. 126 pp. – historical overview of the concept of transliteration and its evolution and application
525:
903:
For many script pairs, there are one or more standard transliteration systems. However, unsystematic transliteration is common.
1517:
733:
132:
1229:
412:
387:
104:
1551:
1795:
1522:
1158:
1153:
1803:
implements google transliteration library and also allows to create To-Do Lists in
English and Transliterated Languages.
438:
111:
1089:. It is pronounced, in literary Arabic, approximately like English , except that the tongue makes contact not on the
520:
428:
151:
85:
806:
118:
17:
915:, the letters ⟨η⟩ ⟨ι⟩ ⟨υ⟩ and the letter combinations ⟨ει⟩ ⟨oι⟩ ⟨υι⟩ are pronounced (except when pronounced as
684:
566:
494:
300:
89:
341:
326:
100:
1761:
1566:
1812:
1117:
1601:
862:
790:
464:
433:
259:
402:
1591:
1571:
1527:
1502:
1497:
1442:
1427:
1198:
1109:(for in Egypt it is silent) and rarely even into "k" in English. Another example is the Russian letter
1780:
1745:
1507:
1452:
1432:
1313:
1217:
1114:
882:
changing pronunciation, however, use mixed scripts, such as scientific transliteration, resulting in
851:
559:
1835:
1777:– Collection of transliteration tables for many non-Latin scripts maintained by Thomas T. Pedersen.
1726:
1308:
1239:
515:
50:
1447:
1437:
1359:
1269:
1234:
894:
397:
305:
244:
219:
78:
1128:". This sound is not present in most forms of English and is often transliterated as "kh" as in
1581:
1400:
1388:
1337:
1136:, which are quite unlike any phoneme in the language into which they are being transliterated.
480:
366:
264:
234:
1819:
204:
35:
1664:
1532:
1325:
1281:
530:
392:
295:
239:
224:
125:
793:, conversely, seeks to capture sound, but phonetically approximate it into the new script; "
1741:
1647:
1576:
1481:
1469:
1405:
1165:
542:
407:
249:
168:
8:
1596:
1464:
1422:
1208:
474:
331:
290:
280:
254:
229:
57:
1143:
present particular difficulties to transcribers. These are discussed on separate pages.
1651:
1098:
920:
336:
214:
209:
1806:
1756:
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1252:
1179:
1148:
1129:
890:
843:
660:
594:
459:
310:
199:
45:"Transliterate" redirects here. For the concept of being literate in all media, see
1414:
1349:
1344:
1264:
1224:
1184:
932:
485:
1654:
is not formally IPA-compliant, but serves in this example to parallel orthography.
1768:
1418:
1395:
1383:
1332:
1257:
1246:
1172:
1133:
924:
723:
490:
1753:
822:
605:
1677:
1354:
1320:
1286:
1276:
1189:
1140:
1110:
912:
815:
801:
693:
599:
590:
1829:
1789:
1546:
1476:
1459:
898:
628:
382:
285:
46:
927:
in words such as Ellēnikē should logically be omitted in transcription from
1815:– condensed description of the definition of transliteration and its usage.
1643:
1586:
1561:
859:
adapts written form without altering the pronunciation when spoken out loud
809:. While differentiation is lost in the case of , note how the letter shape
777:
711:
652:
644:
184:
1771:– history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets.
854:, so a reader who knows the system can reconstruct the original spelling.
1729:
was created from a revision of this article dated 13 April 2005
1101:. The letter is sometimes transliterated into "g", sometimes into "q" or
1090:
928:
703:
361:
356:
176:
31:
752:
though it is pronounced exactly the same way as , or the Greek letters,
1194:
510:
1556:
1364:
1296:
1213:
916:
883:
351:
67:
1291:
870:
847:
346:
1774:
785:"What is Transliteration? How is it different from Translation?"
1082:
719:
707:
505:
500:
39:
1786:
United
Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN)
1086:
830:
may be used to set off transliteration, as opposed to slashes
1800:
1754:
International
Components for Unicode transliteration services
1094:
813:
becomes either or depending on the vowel that follows it.
612:
1203:
1081:
A simple example of difficulties in transliteration is the
1785:
676:
895:字母转写 (Letter Transcription / Alphabetical Transcription)
879:
which adapts written form without altering pronunciation
783:
Transliteration does not alter the pronunciation. See
740:, but is pronounced exactly the same way as "Россия".
668:
636:
620:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1006:
999:
992:
976:
969:
962:
846:from one system of writing into another, typically
92:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1513:International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration
1097:, but the pronunciation varies between different
1827:
935:, but it is nonetheless frequently encountered.
906:
1132:. Many languages have phonemic sounds, such as
27:Conversion of a text from one script to another
850:to grapheme. Most transliteration systems are
727:
567:
1045:
1015:
985:
955:
794:
697:
589:is a type of conversion of a text from one
574:
560:
772:, though it is pronounced (exactly like
152:Learn how and when to remove this message
1796:Library of Congress: Romanization Tables
1737:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
1720:
14:
1828:
1820:Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets.
1518:Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic
1230:Transcription into Chinese characters
1120:, like the Scottish pronunciation of
814:
800:
609:) in predictable ways, such as Greek
388:Internationalization and localization
1775:Transliteration of Non-Latin scripts
1552:International Components for Unicode
90:adding citations to reliable sources
61:
1523:Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian
1159:Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian
1154:Transliterating cuneiform languages
716:⟨Ellīnikī Dīmokratia⟩
24:
1781:Unicode Transliteration Guidelines
1707:
931:on, and from transliteration from
593:to another that involves swapping
521:Books and magazines on translation
49:. For the Knowledge template, see
25:
1847:
1688:
1719:
842:Systematic transliteration is a
710:", the usual transliteration to
183:
66:
807:International Phonetic Alphabet
77:needs additional citations for
1670:
1657:
1636:
1615:
837:
548:Kural translations by language
526:Bible translations by language
301:Dynamic and formal equivalence
13:
1:
1608:
1076:
907:Difference from transcription
536:List of most translated works
342:Translation management system
1567:List of ISO transliterations
7:
1602:Transcription (linguistics)
1539:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1007:
1000:
993:
977:
970:
963:
867:letter by letter conversion
816:[Elinicíðimokratía]
802:[elinicíðimokratía]
764:though pronounced as , and
10:
1852:
1757:ICU User Guide: Transforms
1592:Spread of the Latin script
1572:Orthographic transcription
1528:Transliterations of Manchu
1503:Devanagari transliteration
1498:Buckwalter transliteration
1490:
1443:Romanization of Macedonian
1428:Romanization of Belarusian
1199:Devanagari transliteration
1113:. It is pronounced as the
55:
44:
29:
1813:Usage of Transliterations
1508:Hans Wehr transliteration
1453:Romanization of Ukrainian
1433:Romanization of Bulgarian
1314:Cyrillization of Japanese
1218:Romanization of Malayalam
1115:voiceless velar fricative
1046:
1016:
986:
956:
795:
728:
698:
1792:on Romanization Systems.
1309:Romanization of Japanese
1240:Cyrillization of Chinese
516:Journalistic translation
51:Template:Transliteration
30:Not to be confused with
1809:Transliterationenglish.
1762:Transliteration history
1448:Romanization of Serbian
1438:Romanization of Russian
1360:Romanization of Persian
1270:Hebraization of English
1235:Romanization of Chinese
875:another writing system.
861:, is opposed to letter
857:Transliteration, which
827:⟨ ⟩
738:⟨Rossiya⟩
398:Video game localization
306:Contrastive linguistics
1715:
1695:Listen to this article
1582:Phonetic transcription
1401:Romanization of Arabic
1389:Romanization of Hebrew
1338:Romanization of Korean
787:for more information.
692:For instance, for the
481:Telephone interpreting
367:Multimedia translation
1714:
1665:Koine Greek phonology
1533:Wylie transliteration
1365:Persian chat alphabet
1326:Romanization of Khmer
1282:Romanization of Greek
413:Software localization
393:Language localization
296:Translation criticism
225:Linguistic validation
1746:More spoken articles
1577:Phonemic orthography
1482:Romanization of Urdu
1470:Romanization of Thai
1423:Glagolitic alphabets
1406:Arabic chat alphabet
1166:Egyptian hieroglyphs
950:English translation
899:音译 (Transliteration)
702:", which is usually
408:Website localization
86:improve this article
36:literary translation
1597:Substitution cipher
1465:Romanization of Lao
1139:Some languages and
964:Ellīnikī Dīmokratia
957:Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
796:Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
718:, and the name for
699:Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
475:Video relay service
332:Machine translation
291:Translation project
281:Translation studies
58:Literal translation
1807:24x7offshoring.com
1767:2007-12-13 at the
1716:
1122:⟨ch⟩
1099:dialects of Arabic
971:Eliniki Dimokratia
768:is transliterated
760:is transliterated
754:⟨λλ⟩
750:⟨ll⟩
748:is transliterated
746:⟨λλ⟩
736:transliterated as
337:Mobile translation
1712:
1623:"Transliteration"
1379:Ugaritic alphabet
1374:Semitic languages
1355:Cyrillic alphabet
1304:Japanese language
1253:Khoisan languages
1180:Armenian language
1149:Ancient Near East
1130:Nikita Khrushchev
1074:
1073:
978:Hellenic Republic
891:Русская Википедия
811:⟨κ⟩
799:" corresponds to
774:⟨ι⟩
770:⟨ī⟩
766:⟨η⟩
762:⟨D⟩
758:⟨Δ⟩
708:Hellenic Republic
584:
583:
460:Untranslatability
311:Polysystem theory
162:
161:
154:
136:
101:"Transliteration"
16:(Redirected from
1843:
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1734:
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1629:
1619:
1415:Slavic languages
1350:Persian alphabet
1345:Persian language
1265:English language
1225:Chinese language
1134:click consonants
1123:
1119:
1108:
1104:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
988:
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973:
966:
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958:
944:Transliteration
938:
937:
833:
829:
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531:Translated books
486:Language barrier
403:Dub localization
187:
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94:
70:
62:
40:loan translation
21:
1851:
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1836:Transliteration
1826:
1825:
1801:Localtyping.com
1769:Wayback Machine
1750:
1749:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1727:This audio file
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1542:
1537:
1493:
1488:
1417:written in the
1396:Arabic alphabet
1384:Hebrew alphabet
1333:Korean language
1258:Bantu languages
1247:Click languages
1121:
1106:
1102:
1079:
925:rough breathing
909:
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831:
826:
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773:
769:
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749:
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724:Cyrillic script
715:
682:
674:
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626:
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610:
587:Transliteration
580:
491:Fan translation
470:Transliteration
260:Sense-for-sense
158:
147:
141:
138:
95:
93:
83:
71:
60:
54:
43:
28:
23:
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18:Transliterating
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1689:External links
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1678:"Language log"
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1357:
1342:
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1321:Khmer language
1318:
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1300:
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1289:
1287:Greek alphabet
1284:
1277:Greek language
1274:
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1255:
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1206:
1201:
1190:Brahmic family
1187:
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960:
952:
951:
948:
947:Transcription
945:
942:
908:
905:
839:
836:
823:Angle brackets
649:→ the digraph
582:
581:
579:
578:
571:
564:
556:
553:
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545:
540:
539:
538:
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495:of video games
488:
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452:Related topics
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1547:Cyrillization
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1477:Urdu language
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1460:Tai languages
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1171:Hieroglyphic
1170:
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1626:. Retrieved
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429:Associations
375:Localization
319:Technologies
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84:Please help
79:verification
76:
1818:G. Gerych.
1642:Use of the
1093:but on the
1091:soft palate
1068:of the sons
941:Greek word
929:Koine Greek
838:Definitions
657:, Armenian
625:, Cyrillic
543:Translators
362:Postediting
357:Pre-editing
177:Translation
32:Translation
1742:Audio help
1733:2005-04-13
1609:References
1249:of Africa
1195:Devanagari
1077:Challenges
1001:Eleftheria
994:Eleutheria
917:semivowels
911:In Modern
852:one-to-one
704:translated
511:Scanlation
352:Subtitling
265:Homophonic
235:Regulatory
112:newspapers
56:See also:
1557:ISO 15924
1297:Greeklish
1214:Malayalam
1209:Tocharian
1111:"Х" (kha)
1031:Evangelio
1024:Euaggelio
1017:Ευαγγέλιο
987:Ελευθερία
884:WордПресс
832:/ /
673:or Latin
240:Technical
1830:Category
1765:Archived
1744: ·
1646:to mark
1628:26 April
1540:See also
1419:Cyrillic
1292:Linear B
1163:see also
1054:tōn yiōn
1047:των υιών
871:language
848:grapheme
687:⟩
683:⟨
679:⟩
675:⟨
671:⟩
667:⟨
663:⟩
659:⟨
655:⟩
651:⟨
647:⟩
643:⟨
641:, Greek
639:⟩
635:⟨
631:⟩
627:⟨
623:⟩
619:⟨
615:⟩
611:⟨
250:Cultural
205:Literary
169:a series
167:Part of
142:May 2012
1731: (
1702:minutes
1491:Adopted
1185:Avestan
1141:scripts
1085:letter
1061:ton ion
1008:Freedom
933:1982 on
869:of one
844:mapping
805:in the
734:usually
595:letters
444:Schools
347:Dubbing
230:Medical
126:scholar
1648:stress
1216:: see
1197:: see
1173:Luwian
1124:in "lo
1083:Arabic
1038:Gospel
921:macron
732:", is
729:Россия
720:Russia
696:term "
606:liter-
600:trans-
597:(thus
591:script
506:Fandub
501:Fansub
434:Awards
273:Theory
128:
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114:
107:
99:
1095:uvula
913:Greek
873:into
477:(VRS)
220:Kural
215:Quran
210:Bible
200:Legal
192:Types
133:JSTOR
119:books
38:, or
1663:See
1652:tone
1630:2021
1204:Pali
897:and
778:long
706:as "
105:news
1421:or
1118:/x/
1087:qāf
886:).
756:.
726:, "
722:in
714:is
327:CAT
88:by
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1788:–
1126:ch
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685:ae
681:→
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653:ch
633:→
617:→
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