99:, with the Ottomans corresponding him as the Shah of Iran. Alongside this, Pilgrimage caravans sent by the Afghans would be protected by the Ottomans. The Ottomans made political gains after successfully negotiating to keep their occupied lands. The Afghans withdrew from territories gained following their victories, with the Ottomans taking control of
43:
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from power, was claiming himself as the sole legitimate ruler of all Persia, and demanded that the
Ottomans cede all their annexed territories. Ashraf also claimed himself as the Sunni
153:
67:. The Ottomans saw this as a diplomatic insult, and broke off all ties, and declared war on the Afghans. One of the main goals of the Ottomans was to restore the
127:
by the
Iranian populace. As a result, this sparked internal revolts and weakened the strength of the Afghans and their administration based in
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began. After numerous engagements, the Afghan armies were forced back on
Isfahan, with them abandoning the city on 21 November 1729.
36:
169:
259:
254:
119:
The war allowed Ashraf Hotak to unite and gain support from his
Kurdish and Zoroastrian populations, and even Shia
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The scramble for Iran: Ottoman military and diplomatic engagements during the Afghan occupation of Iran, 1722–1729
75:, the former Safavid king. War began as the Ottomans opened hostility in the Azerbaijan region in 1726.
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Preferring to not push onward due to internal issues and the state of the Afghan army,
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as a vassal state to the throne. And as a result, Ashraf Hotak executed
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tribes. Nonetheless, the
Afghans were still in great majority, seen as
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164:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 796–797.
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had obtained a military victory in this engagement against the
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Encyclopædia
Iranica, Volume II/8: Aśoka IV–Āṯār al-Wozarāʾ
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95:. Ashraf Hotak was also officially recognized as
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16:1727 treaty between the Ottomans and the Hotaki
55:As Ottoman expansion into Persia continued,
87:began negotiating a peace agreement. The
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230:
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184:
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59:, having recently toppled his brother,
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13:
31:dynasty signed in October 1727 in
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185:Akbulut, Mehmet Yilmaz (2015).
131:. And as a result, the rise of
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37:Ottoman–Hotaki War (1726–1727)
1:
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50:
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46:Ashraf Shah Hotaki 1725-1729
7:
260:18th century in Afghanistan
10:
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255:1727 in the Ottoman Empire
23:was a treaty between the
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45:
152:Balland, D. (1987).
193:Boğaziçi University
79:Terms of the treaty
233:, p. 165-167.
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171:978-0-71009-108-6
21:Treaty of Hamedan
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158:Yarshater, Ehsan
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154:"AŠRAF ḠILZAY"
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35:, ending the
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195:. p. 21.
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250:1727 in Iran
231:Akbulut 2015
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219:Balland 1987
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85:Ashraf Hotak
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61:Mahmud Hotak
57:Ashraf Hotak
54:
20:
18:
244:Categories
191:(Thesis).
139:References
133:Nader Shah
105:Soltaniyeh
51:Background
121:Shahsevan
115:Aftermath
125:usurpers
93:Ottomans
27:and the
160:(ed.).
129:Isfahan
33:Hamedan
168:
107:, and
101:Zanjan
89:Hotaks
65:caliph
29:Hotaki
156:. In
109:Abhar
166:ISBN
97:Shah
19:The
246::
201:^
111:.
103:,
39:.
221:.
174:.
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