Cerne Abbas Giant - Knowledge

1455: 1431: 781: 683: 710: 667: 847: 1014: 63: 5122: 1443: 695: 56: 1419: 1407: 1365:, Gloucestershire, but "wearing wellies, an ear of corn hanging from its mouth and a tankard of ale in its hand". In 2005, the makers of Lynx deodorant created a 9.3 square metres (100.1 sq ft) advert on a field near Gatwick, featuring a copy of the Giant wearing underpants, frolicking with two scantily clad women. In 2006, artist Peter John Hardwick produced a painting "The Two Dancers with the Cerne Abbas Giant, with Apologies to 1171: 411: 1263:, which raises awareness of prostate and testicular cancer. It authorised the temporary placement of a huge grass moustache on the giant. The moustache was 12 metres (39 ft) wide and 3 metres (10 ft) deep according to the designer but both the National Trust and the BBC reported it as being 11 by 2.7 metres (36.1 by 8.9 ft). 40: 742:, King of Wessex, who died in battle in 748: Arabic numerals however did not come widely into use in England until the 15th century. Another 18th century writer dismissed it as "the amusement of idle people, and cut with little meaning, perhaps, as shepherds' boys strip off the turf on the Wiltshire plains." 728:

18th century antiquarians were able to discover little about the figure's origin: Stukeley suggested that local people "know nothing more of than a traditionary account of its being a deity of the ancient Britons". Several other local traditions have, however, been recorded, including that the Giant

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A map referred to as the "1768 Survey Map of Cerne Abbas by Benjamin Pryce" is held at the Dorset History Centre, though a record at the National Archives notes there is evidence the map may date to the 1790s. By the following century the phallus was invariably omitted from depictions, either in line

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Like several other chalk figures carved into the English countryside, the Cerne Abbas Giant is often thought of as an ancient creation but its written history cannot be traced back further than the late 17th century. Medieval sources refer to the hill on which the giant is located as Trendle Hill, in

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North-east of the head of the giant is an escarpment called Trendle Hill, on which are some earthworks now called The Trendle or Frying Pan. It is a scheduled monument in its own right. Antiquarian John Hutchins wrote in 1872 that "These remains are of very interesting character, and of considerable

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Thomas Corton, who amongst other offences was accused of fathering children with a mistress. Hutchins, noting the apparent figure "748" then visible between the Giant's feet, suggested that if this did not refer to the date of an earlier repair such as "1748", it could be a representation of Cenric,

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Other samples, however, gave later dates ranging up to 1560; one possible explanation is that the Giant may have first been cut in the late Saxon period, but then abandoned for several centuries. As the survey evidence also suggested that the giant's penis is of much later date than the rest of the

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recorded that locals referred to the giant as "Helis". Stukeley was one of the first to hypothesize that "Helis" was a garbled form of "Hercules", a suggestion that has found more support; Pococke had earlier noted that " seems to be Hercules, or Strength and Fidelity". The close resemblance of the

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In July 2020, preliminary results of a National Trust survey of snail shells unearthed at the site suggested the hill figure is "medieval or later". Snails dating only from the Roman period (brought from France as food) were not found at the site, while species first found in England from the 13th

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was carried out, and together with drill samples, confirmed the presence of the lion-skin. Another resistivity survey in 1995 also found evidence of a cloak and changes to the length of the phallus, but did not find evidence (as rumoured) of a severed head, horns, or symbols between the feet.

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the site. However, in 2008 a lack of sheep, coupled with a wet spring causing extra plant growth, forced a re-chalking of the giant, with 17 tonnes of new chalk being poured in and tamped down by hand. In 2006, the National Trust carried out the first wildlife survey of the Cerne Abbas Giant,

906:, he grew to personally despise Cromwell and attempted to have him impeached in 1644. Cromwell was sometimes mockingly referred to as "England's Hercules" by his enemies: under this interpretation, the club has been suggested to hint at Cromwell's military rule, and the phallus to mock his 479:

A 1996 study found that some features have changed over time, concluding that the figure originally held a cloak over its extended left arm, and an object (possibly a severed head) beneath its left hand. The former presence of a cloak was corroborated in 2008, when a team of

430:. The figure depicts a naked man and is of colossal dimensions, being about 55 metres (180 ft) long and 51 metres (167 ft) across. It is cut into the steep, west-facing side of a hill known as Giant Hill or Trendle Hill. Atop the hill is another landmark, the 1055:

paper in 1926. Petrie says he made 220 measurements, and records slight grooves across the neck, and from the shoulders down to the armpits. He also notes a row of pits suggesting the place of the spine. He concludes that the giant is very different from the

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Baal Durotrigensis. A dissertation on the antient colossal figure at Cerne, Dorsetshire; and an attempt to illustrate the distinction between the primal Celtæ and the Celto-Belgæ of Britain: with observations on the worship of the serpent and that of the

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of Cerne Abbas. This theory originated in the 18th century account of John Hutchins, who noted in a letter of 1751 to the Dean of Exeter that the steward of the manor had told him the figure "was a modern thing, cut out in Lord Hollis' time". In his

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In 1998, pranksters made a pair of jeans out of plastic mesh with a 21-metre (69 ft) inside leg, and fitted them to the giant to publicise American jeans manufacturer Big Smith. In August 2002, the BLAC advertising agency, on behalf of the

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The London Encyclopaedia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Science, Art, Literature, and Practical Mechanics, Comprising a Popular View of the Present State of Knowledge. Illustrated by Numerous Engravings, a General Atlas, and Appropriate

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in the late 19th century, was disputed by other villagers who located the maypole site elsewhere. It has been considered to be Roman, or perhaps an Iron-Age burial mound containing the tomb of the person represented by the giant.

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known as the "Trendle" or "Frying Pan". The figure's outline is formed by trenches cut into the turf, about 0.6 metres (2 ft 0 in) deep, and filled-in with crushed chalk. In his right hand, the giant holds a knotted

645:, published posthumously in 1774. Noting a local tradition the giant had only been cut in the previous century, he described and drew it as then having three roughly-cut letters between its feet, and over them the apparent 4630: 1143:

Whatever its origin, the giant has become an important part of the culture and folklore of Dorset. Some folk stories indicate that the image is an outline of the corpse of a real giant. One story says the giant came from

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Caring for our Built Heritage: Conservation in practice: a review of conservation schemes carried out by County Councils and National Park Authorities in England and Wales in association with District Councils and other

507:. However, this feature may also have been changed over time; based on a review of historical depictions, the Giant's current large erection has been identified as the result of the merging of a circle (representing his 442:

or baton-style weapon measuring 37 metres (121 ft) in length, adding 11 metres (36 ft) to the total length of the figure. A line across the waist has been suggested to represent a belt. Writing in 1901 in the

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speculated that it may have been a challenge to the new religion from the still-pagan local inhabitants, although other scholars have noted that early medieval monks could equally have been responsible for the figure.

4161:. Starting at 39 seconds into the video, Richard Brown, from British Seed Houses, says, "The moustache is 12 metres long by three metres deep and it took five of us four and a half hours to construct it on the day." 1025:

A 1617 land survey of Cerne Abbas makes no mention of the giant, suggesting that it may not have been there at the time or was perhaps overgrown. The first published survey appeared in the September 1763 issue of

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The origin and age of the figure are unclear, and archaeological evidence suggests that parts of it have been lost, altered, or added, over time; the earliest written record dates to the late 17th century. Early

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with the prevailing views on modesty at the time or as it had become grassed over; the figure seems to have become increasingly neglected and overgrown during the 19th century until in 1868 its owner

333:, holding his left hand out to the side and wielding a large club in his right hand. Like many other hill figures, the Cerne Giant is formed by shallow trenches cut into the turf and backfilled with 2173: 819:, either as a direct depiction of the Roman figure or of a deity identified with him. It has been more specifically linked to attempts to revive the cult of Hercules during the reign of the Emperor 617:

Beginning in 1763 descriptions of the giant also began to appear in contemporary magazines, following a general increase in interest in "antiquities". The earliest known survey was published in the

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and car park off the A352. The surrounding area was developed in 1979 through a joint effort of the Dorset County Planning Department, the National Trust, the Nature Conservancy Council (now called

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According to the National Trust, the grass is trimmed regularly and the giant is fully re-chalked every 25 years. Traditionally, the National Trust has relied on sheep from surrounding farms to

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In 2015, the giant was used as a character in an online comic book published by Eco Comics; the giant's character appeared in various adventures accompanying a character based on

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Lord Holles, a portrait from the 1640s. Holles, the Cerne Abbas landowner, has been suggested as the person who ordered the giant to be cut in mockery of his political adversary

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scans, conducted as part of the 2020 survey programme, have concluded that the phallus was added much later than the bulk of the figure, which was (probably) originally clothed.

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The giant's image has been reproduced on various souvenirs and local food produce labels, including for a range of beers made by the Cerne Abbas Brewery. In 2016, the

1005:. The Home Office considered the protest to be in humour, though the chief constable responded to say the office could not act against a protected scheduled monument. 875:, first published in 1774, Hutchins also suggested that Holles could perhaps have ordered the recutting of an existing figure dating from "beyond the memory of man". 3260: 2291: 2260: 2826:, November 1763, in Vol. IX, July 1762 – April 1765, pp. 199–200, reproduced in D. Morgan Evans (1998), "Eighteenth-Century Descriptions of the Cerne Abbas Giant", 1123:

extent. They consist of circular and other earthworks, lines of defensive ramparts, an avenue, shallow excavations, and other indications of a British settlement."

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William Holloway, "The Giant of Trendle Hill", The minor minstrel: or, Poetical pieces, chiefly familiar and descriptive, Printed for W. Suttaby, 1808, 182 pages,

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figure, the National Trust has proposed that the feature could have been added by Holles as part of his parody of Cromwell when re-cutting the older figure.

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In 1808, Dorset poet William Holloway published his poem "The Giant of Trendle Hill", in which the Giant is killed by the locals by piercing its heart.

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of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, Henry Colley March noted that: "The Cerne Giant presents five characteristics: (1) It is

1983: 4568: 484:(using special equipment) determined that part of the figure had been lost; the cloak might have been a depiction of an animal skin. In 1993 the 2078: 111: 2322: 4761: 4465: 1329:

In June 2023 the Oxford Cheese Company was criticised for using an image of the giant on one of its products without the distinctive phallus.

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The Cerne Abbas Giant has appeared in several films and TV programmes, including the title sequence of the 1986 British historical drama film

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In 1983, it was realized that there was no record of the Cerne Abbas Giant before the 17th century, in a valley with good previous records...

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NHS Foundation Trust. In 2009, the Giant was given a red nose, to publicize the BBC's Comic Relief charity event. In 2011, English animators

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In 1980, Devon artist Kenneth Evans-Loud planned to produce a companion 70-metre (230 ft) female figure on the opposite hill, featuring

5358: 4030: 1384:, though his erect penis was removed from the artwork as many "outlets, particularly in the US, refuse any form of nudity in comic books". 4278: 4112: 1454: 579:, refer to the giant, despite noting the Trendle and other landmarks. In contrast, there are documentary references to the 3,000 year-old 534:

call it simply "the Giant". It has also been referred to as the "Old Man", and occasionally, in recent years, as the "Rude Man" of Cerne.

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The hill figure is most commonly known as the "Cerne Abbas Giant" or the "Cerne Giant", the latter being preferred by the National Trust;

3631: 4894: 1130:, rather than the National Trust. Its purpose is unknown; the claim that it was the site of maypole dancing, made by the former village 694: 387:

Regardless of its age, the Cerne Abbas Giant has become an important part of local culture and folklore, which often associates it with

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finding evidence of a cloak, penis length change, and navel, but, not for a severed head, horns, nor lettering/symbols between the feet

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One, citing the lack of documentary evidence prior to the 1690s, argues that the giant was created in the 17th century, most likely by

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testing of samples from this deepest level were published in 2021. Some of these samples support a construction date between 700

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The Giant sports a notably vertical erection, some 11 metres (36 feet) long (nearly the length of its head), along with a visible

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et al. (1999). In recent times there have been three main theories concerning the age of the Giant, and whom it might represent:

4227: 3461: 1430: 5383: 5378: 5022: 5016: 4090: 3055: 2468: 2371: 5068: 2575:, Vol. IX, p. 233. Thursday 15 March 1764. Reproduced in Hy. Colley March M.D. F.S.A., "The Giant and the Maypole of Cerne", 3141: 2795: 2130: 2767: 1245:

said a man claiming to be the "Purple Phantom" had painted the Giant's penis purple. It was reported that the man was from

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by A J Clark, A D H Bartlett and A E U David, which "found evidence for the 'lion skin' feature over the giant's left arm"

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Although the best view of the Giant is from the air, most tourist guides recommend a ground view from the "Giant's View"

4814:, "III. The Giant of Cerne", Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Occasional Paper No. 7, 1926. 1880: 1158:, associates the figure with fertility. According to folk belief, a woman who sleeps on the figure will be blessed with 1080:

and 14th centuries were found in soil samples examined. In 2020 the National Trust commissioned a further survey, using

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The Giant is located just outside the small village of Cerne Abbas in Dorset, about 48 kilometres (30 mi) west of

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leading an invasion of the coast, and was beheaded by the people of Cerne Abbas while he slept on the hillside.

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The Beauties of England and Wales, Or, Delineations, Topographical, Historical, and Descriptive, of Each County

1864: 1726: 1310: 934: 730: 2706: 3431: 3332: 5029: 4950: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4923: 3801: 3669: 3650: 4976: 1072: 910:. In 1967 Kenneth Carrdus proposed that the Holles referred to in Hutchins' account was Denzil Holles' son 606:

mentioned the giant in a letter. The bishop's account, as well as subsequent observations such as those of

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Willcox, Temple (1988). "Hard times for the Cerne Giant: 20th-century attitudes to an ancient monument".

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was one of the first people to suggest that the giant resembled Hercules. In 1938, British archaeologist

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painted a 24-metre (79 ft) replica of the Giant on their playing field, the day before sports day.

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agreed, and suggested that, like Hercules, the giant should also be carrying a lion-skin. In 1979, a

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In 1920, the giant and the 4,000 square metres (0.99 acres) site where it stands were donated to the

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on the Giant, to mark the passing of the official torch in the run-up to the 2012 London Olympics.

780: 649:"748", features since lost; Hutchins' account was copied by several early 19th century guidebooks. 434: 1418: 1406: 5305: 5247: 5176: 4884:

Temple Willcox, "Hard times for the Cerne Giant: 20th-century attitudes to an ancient monument",

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armies to gather and that by the 11th-century, the figure was being reinterpreted as portraying

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of the two). The lack of earlier descriptions, along with information given to the 18th-century

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produced a 15-second cartoon giving their take on what the Giant does when no one is watching.

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In 2003, pranksters created their own 23-metre (75 ft) version of the Giant on a hill in

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noted that none of the earlier sources for the area, including a detailed 1540s survey of the

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The Cerne Giant is one of two major extant human hill figures in England, the other being the

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designed a set of motorbike leathers inspired by the Cerne Abbas Giant. In 1994, girls from

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Chris Court, "Nose Job for Chalk Giant", Press Association, Sunday 11 April 1993, Home News

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1988–1989 Resistivity surveys, testing for the existence of possible additional features,

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Proponents of a 17th-century origin suggest that the giant was cut around the time of the

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of England. Measuring 55 metres (180 ft) in length, the hill figure depicts a bald,

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people added a 'mankini' and banners stating "Wear Mask." and "Save Live." on the site.

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Baal Durotrigensis. A dissertation on the antient colossal figure at Cerne, Dorsetshire

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by Timothy Darvill, Katherine Barker, Barbara Bender and Ronald Hutton (eds), Oxbow,

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arranged to have the Giant restored "as near as possible to his original condition".

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reference to the nearby Iron Age earthwork known as the Trendle. J. H. Bettey of the

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Katherine Barker, "Brief Encounter: The Cerne Abbas Giantess Project, Summer 1997",

5295: 5121: 5001: 4983: 3889: 3821: 3762: 3593: 3494: 3359:", National Trust, retrieved 29 June 2011 (via the Internet Archive WayBackMachine) 3293: 2831: 2466: 2402: 2048: 2019: 1767: 1626: 1572: 1192: 1064: 765: 607: 527: 427: 2079:"Rebel baron undressed the Cerne Abbas giant to get a rise out of Oliver Cromwell" 1060:, and that minor grooves may have been added from having been repeatedly cleaned. 5257: 4725: 4658: 4612: 4575: 4522: 4469: 4446: 4282: 4119: 3950: 3808: 3720:"Scholars Are One Step Closer to Solving the Mystery of an Enormous Chalk Figure" 3676: 3657: 3638: 3570: 3547: 3468: 3339: 3264: 3165: 3145: 3138: 3082: 3062: 3031: 2802: 2782: 2771: 2713: 2628: 2606: 2556: 2524: 2481: 2472: 2447: 2378: 2345: 2326: 2295: 2264: 2216: 2196: 2177: 2157: 2137: 2118: 1987: 1965: 1934: 1811: 1800: 1700: 1678: 1362: 1184: 1131: 1048: 1044: 938: 883: 851: 805: 793: 745: 646: 621:

in September 1763. Derivative versions subsequently appeared in the October 1763

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1764 sketch, perhaps dated to 1763, sent to the Society of Antiquaries of London

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Classic Myths in Art: An Account of Greek Myths as Illustrated by Great Artists

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recalls that the Giant has been used to promote "condoms, jeans and bicycles".

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Historian John Julius Norwich - Actress Iris Tree's efforts to become pregnant

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D. Morgan Evans, "Eighteenth-Century Descriptions of the Cerne Abbas Giant",

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at the National Trust Historic Buildings, Sites and Monuments Record (HBSMR)

4886: 4877: 4868: 4859: 4850: 4837: 4828: 4819: 4605: 3197:"National Trust archaeologists surprised by likely age of Cerne Abbas Giant" 2348:

Lay-By on the A532 in Cerne Abbas" on Google Maps, retrieved 1 November 2012

5237: 5222: 5101: 4627:"Giant chalk hillside figure in Cerne Abbas censored for American audience" 2643:

Hidden History: Lost Civilizations, Secret Knowledge, and Ancient Mysteries

1721:. Robert Douch (Contributor). Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 1660:

Hidden History: Lost Civilizations, Secret Knowledge, and Ancient Mysteries

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Cuckoo Pounds and Singing Barrows: The Folklore of Ancient Sites in Dorset

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origin, because it is stylistically similar to an image of the Celtic god

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Another, based largely on an idea developed in the 1930s by archaeologist

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Modern histories of the Cerne Giant have been published by Bettey (1981),

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during a 1908 re-cut, as the navel still appeared on a late-1890s picture

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Bettey, J. H. (1981). "The Cerne Abbas Giant: the documentary evidence".

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Cerne Abbas Giant chalk figure below the rectangular "Trendle" earthworks

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The Social Circulation of the Past: English Historical Culture 1500–1730

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Queens of the wild: pagan goddesses in Christian Europe an investigation

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A 2024 study proposed that the figure depicts Hercules and was created

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It has been speculated that Holles could have intended the figure as a

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Layout of the giant with the obliterated line (in yellow) reconstructed

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at the Dorset Historic Environment Record (via heritagegateway.org.uk)

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paint to the left of the Cerne Abbas Giant. This act displeased local

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gave the Giant a "nose job" after years of erosion had worn it away.

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J. H. Bettey, "Notes and News: The Cerne Giant: another document?",

3689:"Cerne Abbas Giant: Snails show chalk hill figure 'not prehistoric'" 3333:

Volunteers restore historic giant of Cerne Abbas to his former glory

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Hy. Colley March M.D. F.S.A., "The Giant and the Maypole of Cerne",

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Hy. Colley March M.D. F.S.A., "The Giant and the Maypole of Cerne",

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The giant has also been depicted in multiple video games, including

380:, possibly close to the 10th-century date of the founding of nearby 5283: 5278: 5273: 4805:, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, Vol. 22, 1901. 3766: 3584:

Piggott, Stuart (1938). "The Hercules Myth – beginnings and ends".

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Piggott, Stuart (1938). "The Hercules Myth – beginnings and ends".

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Stuart Piggott, "Notes and News: The name of the giant of Cerne",

1170: 5315: 4866:

J. H. Bettey, "The Cerne Abbas giant: the documentary evidence",

4389:"Uproar as cheese company 'castrates' Dorset's Cerne Abbas Giant" 4015: 3050: 3048: 1252:

In 2012, pupils and members of the local community recreated the

1145: 978: 907: 500: 492: 314: 302: 99: 4817:

O. G. S. Crawford, "The Giant of Cerne and other Hill-figures",

3159:

No prehistoric giant step for man, but a huge insult to Cromwell

3042:

4 Context and sources (pdf, 492kb)" 4.1 Previous research, p. 21

2895:. Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society. p. 44. 823:(176-192), who presented himself as a reincarnation of Hercules. 5046: 4113:"Youngsters recreate Olympic torch on Cerne Abbas' chalk giant" 3318:

Lucy Cockcroft, "Cerne Abbas giant in danger of disappearing",

2460:

Proceedings – Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society

1535:. New Haven (Conn.) London: Yale University press. p. 23. 1391:

reported that the beer company's logo had been censored in the

1217: 1107: 879: 831: 676:

with measurements, including the height of 180 feet (55 m)

310: 95: 3045: 2774:", Cerne Abbas Historical Society, retrieved 13 October 2012 ( 2577:

Proceedings, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society

974:

in order to prevent its use as a landmark for enemy aircraft.

4329:"Cheese logo criticised for using censored Cerne Abbas Giant" 3850:

Hutchins (1742), quoted in Dr Wake Smart, "The Cerne Giant",

3284:

Grinsell, Leslie (1980). "The Cerne Abbas Giant: 1764–1980".

2039:

Grinsell, Leslie (1980). "The Cerne Abbas Giant: 1764–1980".

827: 734: 520: 512: 508: 334: 170: 2514:

A letter to Dr Mead concerning some antiquities in Berkshire

1916:

Theatres of Memory: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture

1040:

together with the first drawing that included measurements.

5030:

The Trendle, Possible Roman Rectangular Earthwork Enclosure

4835:

Stuart Piggott, "The Hercules Myth – beginnings and ends",

3802:

The Trendle, Possible Roman Rectangular Earthwork Enclosure

372:

testing has suggested an origin between the years 700

326: 2140:, BBC News Dorset, 17 March 2010, retrieved 5 October 2012 4157:

The measurements are taken from the video clip, entitled

3400: 1883:. Weymouth & Portland Borough Council. Archived from 1388: 769:

giant's features to the attributes of the classical hero

4652:"Cerne Abbas giant beer logo censored in Parliament bar" 4516:"So you still want to send the kids to boarding school?" 3962:"Giant's blue jeans stunt faces a pounds 5,000 demand", 4699:

Helis, the Cerne Giant, and his links with Christchurch

4297:"Is Pokémon Sword and Shield's region based on the UK?" 3975:

Tina Rowe, "Giant cover-up is a stroke of pure jean-ius

3025:

The Dorset Historic Towns Project report on Cerne Abbas

2160:", The Guardian, 27 July 2010, retrieved 5 October 2012 1605:"England – Dorset", Ordnance Survey map 1:10,560, Epoch 1289:(featuring a replica of the Giant), in 1997, the series 4228:"Cerne Abbas Giant defaced to promote new Borat movie" 3922:. Oxford University Press. p. 348, footnote 178. 2230:

Antiquary, a magazine devoted to the study of the past

3346:, Tuesday 16 September 2008, retrieved 6 October 2012 2805:" at the National Archives, retrieved 13 October 2012 733:

as a "humiliating caricature" of Cerne Abbey's final

4055:

Serket's Movies: Commentary and Trivia on 444 Movies

3085:", National Trust website, retrieved 30 October 2012 2429:

Sacred Britain: A Guide to Places that Stir the Soul

1183:

In modern times the giant has been used for several

349:, while other scholars sought to identify it with a 4982: 4901:, Issue no 55, October 2000. A review of the book: 4890:, Vol. 62 No. 236, September 1988, pp. 524–26. 4857:Leslie Grinsell, "The Cern Abbas Giant 1764–1980", 3820: 2991:

The history and antiquities of the county of Dorset

1719:

The History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset

1654: 1652: 1625: 643:

The History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset

5000: 4953:", National Monument Records, No. ST 60 SE 39 (on 4841:, Vol. 12 No. 47, September 1938, pp. 323–31. 4767:The Cerne Giant – Landscape, Gods and the Stargate 4682:Rodney Castleden, with a foreword by Rodney Legg, 4356:"Cheese company 'castrates' the Cerne Abbas giant" 4137:"Cerne Giant Watch our Cerne Giant Movember video" 3888: 2219:", Dorset County Council, retrieved 5 October 2012 499: ; it has been called "Britain's most famous 4823:, Vol. 3 No. 11, September 1929, pp. 277–82. 4792:Journal of the British Archaeological Association 4198:"Cerne Abbas Giant sports moustache for Movember" 4174:. National Trust. 1 November 2013. Archived from 4172:"Giant support for Movember is a sight to behold" 3992:BLAC Agency for the Family Planning Association, 3852:Journal of the British Archaeological Association 345:associated it, albeit on little evidence, with a 5350: 3749:Morcom, Thomas; Gittos, Helen (1 January 2024). 2591: 2589: 1649: 1559:Morcom, Thomas; Gittos, Helen (1 January 2024). 1285:series "The Insatiable Mrs Kirsch", directed by 970:the giant was camouflaged with brushwood by the 4872:, Vol. 55, No. 214, July 1981, pp. 118–21. 4413:Annabel Ferriman, "Objections to hill figure", 3796: 3794: 3792: 3751:"The Cerne Giant in Its Early Medieval Context" 2567: 2565: 2199:at the National Trust, retrieved 5 October 2012 2102: 2100: 1561:"The Cerne Giant in Its Early Medieval Context" 1259:In November 2013, the National Trust supported 873:History and antiquities of the county of Dorset 764:deity named by Camden as "Hegle"; In the 1760s 641:reviewed various previous accounts in his book 4881:, Vol. 56 No. 216, March 1982, pp. 51–52. 4863:, Vol. 54 No. 210, March 1980, pp. 29–33. 4615:, 29 September 2011, retrieved 12 October 2012 2931: 2929: 2646:. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books. p. 1975: 1973: 1347:where her dress is blown by a subway grating. 958:by its then land-owners, Alexander and George 602:to Cerne Abbas, while in 1738 the antiquarian 5062: 4832:, Vol. 6, No. 22, June 1932, pp. 214–16. 4595:, 12 February 2009, retrieved 12 October 2012 4476:, 17 February 2007, retrieved 11 October 2012 3811:", National Trust Archaeological Data Service 3557: 3555: 3371:"Cerne Abbas giant in danger of disappearing" 2794:"Pitt-Rivers Estate Archive, Cerne Abbas map 2586: 1881:"Cerne Abbas Giant & Cerne Abbas, Dorset" 4917: 4715:, 1872, "The Cerne Giant," pp. 319–27. 3789: 3748: 2562: 2462:, Volume 119, pp. 179–83, citing Vale 1992, 2110:, London, W. Pickering, 1842. "Section IV" ( 2097: 2072: 2070: 2002: 2000: 1818:, publisher: Oxford University Press, 2009, 1558: 933:, suggesting the Giant was first cut in the 598:noted and inquired about the giant during a 4854:, Vol.50 No.198, June 1976, pp. 93–94. 3529:Archaeologists: Explorers of the Human Past 3175: 2926: 2917: 2875: 2808: 1970: 1266:In October 2020, to promote the release of 1126:Unlike the giant, the earthworks belong to 842:, Dorset, dated to between 10 CE to 51 CE. 715:1892 drawing by the author and antiquarian 586:The earliest known written reference is a 4 5069: 5055: 4752:, Dorset Publishing Company, 2nd edition, 4728:, Barker, K., Bender, B., and Hutton, R., 4539:"Pranksters Create A Naked Giant Imposter" 4529:, 18 March 1999, retrieved 12 October 2012 4505:, 10 March 2011, retrieved 11 October 2012 3622:, Reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, 2003 3552: 3114:"Cerne Abbas Giant at Sacred Destinations" 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2151:Pass notes no 2,820: The Cerne Abbas giant 1850: 1848: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1688: 1686: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 38: 4665:, 5 February 2016, retrieved 29 July 2017 4294: 3877:Southern England: an archaeological guide 3368: 3279: 3277: 3191: 3189: 3187: 2981: 2979: 2960:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 2824:Minute Book of the Society of Antiquaries 2573:Minute Book of the Society of Antiquaries 2067: 2023: 1997: 1857:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 1043:Egyptologist and archaeology pioneer Sir 1034:, and also in the August 1764 edition of 1030:, reprinted in the October 1763 issue of 760:, linked the Giant with a supposed minor 700:1842 drawing by the antiquary and editor 62: 4988:"Hill figure called The Giant (1003202)" 4126:, 29 May 2012, retrieved 27 October 2012 3879:, publisher Noyes Press, 1973, pp. 81–82 3681: 3475:, 23 June 2006, retrieved 7 October 2012 3462:Giant can help rare wildlife to flourish 3322:, 19 June 2008, retrieved 6 October 2012 3283: 3225: 2985: 2908: 2639: 2633: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2431:, publisher: Bradt Travel Guides, 2012, 2362:, Publisher Taylor & Francis, 1993, 2180:", 6 July 2011, retrieved 5 October 2012 2038: 1816:Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology 1716: 1631:"Hill figure called The Giant (1003202)" 1206:As a publicity stunt for the opening of 1169: 1047:surveyed the giant, probably during the 1012: 845: 826:Another is that the giant is of earlier 779: 426:and 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of 409: 4485:"Grayson Perry at the British Museum", 4417:, issue No. 60571, 10 March 1980, p. 2. 4353: 4295:Radulovic, Petrana (27 February 2019). 4051: 3860: 3583: 3484: 3151: 2938: 2884: 2867:The white horses of the west of England 2746: 2131:"Cerne Abbas Giant: Preserving an icon" 2076: 1845: 1757: 1705: 1683: 1612: 1088: – early medieval late 982:identifying wild flowers including the 14: 5351: 4903:The Cerne Giant: an Antiquity on Trial 4730:The Cerne Giant: An Antiquity on Trial 3429: 3274: 3184: 2976: 2724: 2392: 2275:Lionel Fanthorpe, Patricia Fanthorpe, 1981:Bishop tried to gird the giant's loins 1947:Phallos: Sacred Image of the Masculine 1662:, publisher ReadHowYouWant.com, 2009, 1530: 1154:Other folklore, first recorded in the 898:faction in Parliament, had been a key 583:as far back as the late 11th century. 402:, which is also a scheduled monument. 27:Hill figure near Cerne Abbas in Dorset 5050: 5010:Research records (formerly PastScape) 4701:, Christchurch, c. 1998, 15 pp. 4554:"Huge deodorant advert washed away", 4499:"Saucy tips for the ladies who lunch" 4309:from the original on 28 February 2019 4265:End scene, retrieved 12 October 2012. 3917: 3898:Research records (formerly PastScape) 3411:from the original on 11 February 2021 3258:Bawdy monks and the Cerne Abbas giant 2890: 2753:. Thomas Maiden, for Vernor and Hood. 2670: 2664: 2529: 2171:Visit the Cerne Abbas Giant in Dorset 1350:In 1989, Turner Prize-winning artist 1293:6 finale "Sofa" of the comedy series 1191:. For example, Ann Bryn-Evans of the 1165: 637:. In the early 1770s the antiquarian 4686:, published by Wincanton DPC, 1996, 4624: 4591:"Cerne Abbas Giant given red nose", 4276:"The South-Central Region On Screen" 4274:See the individual productions, and 4238:from the original on 23 October 2020 4159:Watch our Cerne Giant Movember video 4058:. Dorrance Publishing. p. 327. 3826:"Earthworks on Giant Hill (1002725)" 3430:Morris, Steven (16 September 2008). 2957: 2683:from the original on 27 January 2016 2494:Book of Cerne Abbas: Abbey and After 1854: 921:of the Giant is 1 metre. Results of 661:Cerne Abbas Giant at different dates 610:, were discussed at meetings of the 5359:National Trust properties in Dorset 4979:at Mysterious Britain & Ireland 4780: 4430:, Dorset Publishing Company, 1996, 3399: 3250: 3132: 2747:Britton, John; et al. (1803). 2673:"Celebrating May Day the Pagan Way" 1513:, Dorset Publishing Company, 1996, 729:was cut in 1539 at the time of the 672:1764, first known drawing from the 24: 4993:National Heritage List for England 4799:The Giant and the Maypole of Cerne 4147:from the original on 11 March 2015 4023:"Wish for rain to wash away Homer" 3831:National Heritage List for England 3478: 3405:"Sheep shortage hits Giant's look" 3219: 3120:from the original on 19 March 2021 3106: 2277:The World's Most Mysterious Places 1751: 1636:National Heritage List for England 1332: 1085: 930: 377: 25: 5400: 5253:South San Francisco hillside sign 4961: 4769:, 2013, Stone Seeker Publishing. 4629:. Telegraph Media Group Limited. 4033:from the original on 15 July 2014 3953:", BBC News, Monday, 16 July 2007 3717: 3651:National Monuments Record 1058724 3531:, Oxford University Press, 2003, 3226:Marshall, Michael (12 May 2021). 2516:, printed for Thomas Wood, 1738, 1341:in her iconic pose from the film 1082:optically stimulated luminescence 1051:, and published his results in a 994:, which are uncommon in England. 949: 923:optically stimulated luminescence 723: 561: 370:optically stimulated luminescence 5120: 5076: 4645: 4633:from the original on 10 May 2015 4618: 4598: 4585: 4561: 4548: 4532: 4508: 4492: 4479: 4451: 4420: 4407: 4381: 4347: 4321: 4288: 4268: 4250: 4220: 4190: 4164: 4129: 4105: 4079: 4045: 3999: 3986: 3969: 3956: 3944:Wish for rain to wash away Homer 3936: 3730:from the original on 17 May 2021 3699:from the original on 8 July 2020 3369:Cockcroft, Lucy (19 June 2008). 3238:from the original on 18 May 2021 3207:from the original on 11 May 2021 3148:, BCW Project, accessed 10-05-18 2085:from the original on 21 May 2021 1918:, Publisher: Verso Books, 2012, 1453: 1441: 1429: 1417: 1405: 1017:Hercules holding a club and the 752:, editor of the 1789 edition of 708: 693: 681: 665: 612:Society of Antiquaries of London 575:lands and a 1617 land survey by 61: 54: 5228:Effigy Mounds National Monument 4797:Hy. Colley March M.D. F.S.A., " 4671: 4208:from the original on 9 May 2015 3911: 3882: 3869: 3844: 3814: 3742: 3711: 3662: 3643: 3612: 3577: 3521: 3454: 3442:from the original on 8 May 2014 3423: 3393: 3362: 3349: 3325: 3312: 3139:Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles 3097: 3088: 3068: 3017: 3005: 2899: 2859: 2841: 2817: 2788: 2757: 2740: 2718: 2695: 2611: 2506: 2486: 2452: 2421: 2351: 2331: 2310:, published H. Hamilton, 1985, 2300: 2269: 2238: 2222: 2202: 2183: 2163: 2143: 2124: 2032: 1939: 1908: 1899: 1873: 1829: 1794: 1174:Homer Simpson as promotion for 1053:Royal Anthropological Institute 317:. It is currently owned by the 5364:Archaeological sites in Dorset 5017:Cerne Abbas Giant, Hill-Figure 4750:Cerne; Giant and Village Guide 4354:Simpson, Craig (1 June 2023). 3056:Cerne Abbas Giant, Hill-Figure 2852:, London, W. Pickering, 1842. 2248:, National Trust Books, 2006, 2077:Simpson, Craig (12 May 2021). 1735: 1599: 1552: 1524: 1503: 1309:. and even appeared in one of 1239:An August 2007 report, in the 1008: 731:Dissolution of the Monasteries 405: 13: 1: 5384:Tourist attractions in Dorset 5379:Scheduled monuments in Dorset 5032:" (Scheduled Monument record) 4625:Ward, Victoria (8 May 2015). 4087:"Giant daubed by 'vigilante'" 2962:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 395–96. 2671:Lewis, Richard (1 May 2005). 2548:, Volume 78, September 1998, 2308:Wessex: a National Trust book 1497: 1212:on 16 July 2007, a figure of 1117: 1114:, by the monks at the Abbey. 1096: 551:Department of the Environment 414:Cerne Abbas Giant on an 1891 4285:, retrieved 12 October 2012, 3014:, Julian Cope, Thorsons 1998 2725:Curtis, Thomas, ed. (1829). 2492:Vivian Vale, Patricia Vale, 1805:Cerne Giant, Dorset, England 1224:was outlined in water-based 962:, and it is now listed as a 511:) with a different, smaller 263:Hill figure called The Giant 7: 4811:The Hill Figures of England 4711:Dr. T. William Wake Smart, 4582:, retrieved 12 October 2012 3996:, retrieved 11 October 2012 3564:The Hill Figures of England 2620:, Volume 34 (August 1764). 2306:Patricia Beer, Fay Godwin, 2210:A background to Cerne Abbas 1465: 1201:Family Planning Association 1138: 590:November 1694 entry in the 10: 5405: 4606:"Funny in 15: Cerne Abbas" 1398: 1269:Borat Subsequent Moviefilm 917:The deepest archeological 556: 5338:Hill figures in Wiltshire 5266: 5210: 5129: 5118: 5084: 4918:National Monument Records 3918:Woolf, Daniel R. (2003). 3598:10.1017/S0003598X00013946 3499:10.1017/S0003598X00074640 3298:10.1017/S0003598X00042824 2836:10.1017/S000358150004508X 2801:21 September 2013 at the 2781:21 September 2013 at the 2496:, Halsgrove Press, 2000, 2407:10.1017/S0003598X0004391X 2344:14 September 2012 at the 2176:21 September 2020 at the 2053:10.1017/S0003598X00042824 2025:10.1017/S0003598X00070824 1859:. ABC-CLIO. p. 395. 1772:10.1017/S0003598X00013946 1369:" which is on display at 1236:to wash the figure away. 1232:, who pledged to perform 547:Dorset Naturalists Trusts 287: 283: 275: 267: 259: 250: 246: 228: 220: 210: 205: 184: 176: 166: 161: 153: 142: 105: 86: 78: 49: 37: 5137:Alton Barnes White Horse 4697:Michael A., Hodges MA., 4676: 4204:. BBC. 1 November 2013. 3949:14 February 2009 at the 3030:3 September 2012 at the 2640:Haughton, Brian (2007). 2618:The Gentleman's magazine 2598:, Volume 34, July 1764, 2596:The Gentleman's Magazine 2215:6 September 2012 at the 1717:Hutchins, John (1973) . 1311:BBC One 'Balloon' idents 1281:, a 1996 episode of the 631:and the 1764 edition of 454:... It is, therefore, a 5374:Hill figures in England 5248:Shoreham Memorial Cross 5177:Marlborough White Horse 5006:"Cerne Giant (199015)" 4944:1995 Resistivity survey 4924:1979 Resistivity survey 4503:London Evening Standard 4281:4 February 2012 at the 4118:27 January 2016 at the 3894:"The Trendle (199018)" 3866:Harte (1986), pp. 45-46 3675:27 January 2016 at the 3618:Julia De Wolf Addison, 3569:3 November 2013 at the 3438:. Guardian Newspapers. 3061:3 November 2013 at the 2828:The Antiquaries Journal 2555:6 November 2013 at the 2546:The Antiquaries Journal 2136:5 November 2013 at the 1531:Hutton, Ronald (2023). 1313:between 1997 and 2002. 997:In 1921 Walter Long of 935:late Anglo-Saxon period 904:First English Civil War 400:Wilmington, East Sussex 5172:Litlington White Horse 5157:Folkestone White Horse 5142:Broad Town White Horse 5097:Long Man of Wilmington 4545:, 15 April 2003, p. 23 4052:Hamblin, Cory (2009). 3338:13 August 2017 at the 3103:Castleden (1996), p.97 3094:Castleden (1996), p.46 3081:28 August 2012 at the 3012:The modern antiquarian 2958:Koch, John T. (2006). 2891:Harte, Jeremy (1986). 2865:William Plenderleath, 2471:14 August 2012 at the 2228:"Notes of the Month", 2195:28 August 2012 at the 1986:13 August 2017 at the 1855:Koch, John T. (2006). 1492:Litlington White Horse 1472:Long Man of Wilmington 1180: 1058:Long Man of Wilmington 1022: 855: 817:Romano-British culture 785: 461:... (2) It is colossal 419: 396:Long Man of Wilmington 329:male with a prominent 127:50.813676°N 2.474700°W 5197:Uffington White Horse 5182:Osmington White Horse 4611:13 March 2012 at the 4604:The Brothers McLeod, 4574:28 April 2020 at the 4567:Peter John Hardwick, 3181:Castleden (1996) p.49 2935:Castleden (1996) p.19 2923:Castleden (1996) p.23 2905:Castleden (1996) p.59 2881:Castleden (1996) p.21 2814:Castleden (1996) p.25 2156:13 March 2016 at the 1487:Osmington White Horse 1173: 1016: 902:supporter during the 849: 783: 581:Uffington White Horse 569:University of Bristol 532:Dorset County Council 413: 79:Alternative name 5202:Westbury White Horse 5147:Cherhill White Horse 4445:8 April 2023 at the 4093:on 26 September 2007 3854:, Volume: 28, 1872, 3807:4 March 2016 at the 3724:Smithsonian Magazine 3656:2 April 2015 at the 3637:8 April 2023 at the 3546:8 April 2023 at the 2770:17 July 2013 at the 2712:8 April 2023 at the 2627:8 April 2023 at the 2605:8 April 2023 at the 2523:8 April 2023 at the 2480:8 April 2023 at the 2446:8 April 2023 at the 2377:8 April 2023 at the 2325:8 April 2023 at the 2294:8 April 2023 at the 2263:8 April 2023 at the 2232:(1905), Volume: 41, 2117:8 April 2023 at the 2018:(198): 89–94. 1976. 1964:8 April 2023 at the 1933:8 April 2023 at the 1810:8 April 2023 at the 1699:8 April 2023 at the 1677:8 April 2023 at the 1393:Houses of Parliament 1299:, and the 2000 film 1037:Gentleman's Magazine 988:clustered bellflower 894:and a leader of the 886:: while Holles, the 717:William Plenderleath 674:Gentleman's Magazine 628:Gentleman's Magazine 600:Canonical visitation 185:Associated with 132:50.813676; -2.474700 5167:Kilburn White Horse 5162:Hackpen White Horse 5152:Devizes White Horse 4899:British Archaeology 4794:, Volume: 28, 1872. 4657:31 May 2018 at the 4543:Western Daily Press 4521:4 July 2018 at the 4468:4 July 2018 at the 4234:. 23 October 2020. 3983:, 15 May 1998, p. 3 3981:Western Daily Press 3964:The Birmingham Post 3467:7 July 2016 at the 3375:The Daily Telegraph 3263:26 May 2021 at the 3164:13 May 2018 at the 3144:14 May 2018 at the 2854:Opposite title page 2703:The Annual Register 2081:. Daily Telegraph. 1448:The Giant's phallus 1375:The Brothers McLeod 1344:The Seven Year Itch 984:green-winged orchid 634:The Annual Register 505:English Post Office 465:... (3) It is nude. 180:First recorded 1694 123: / 70:Shown within Dorset 34: 5243:Paracas Candelabra 5192:Red Horse of Tysoe 5187:Pewsey White Horse 4580:BBC Your Paintings 4489:, 15 December 2011 4426:Rodney Castleden, 4178:on 6 November 2013 2914:Newman (2009) p.82 2830:, 78, pp. 463–71, 2796:D/PIT/P6?1768-1798 2571:William Stukeley, 2427:Martin Symington, 1509:Rodney Castleden, 1460:Renovation in 2008 1296:Men Behaving Badly 1220:and brandishing a 1218:y-front underpants 1209:The Simpsons Movie 1181: 1177:The Simpsons Movie 1166:In popular culture 1073:resistivity survey 1032:St James Chronicle 1023: 999:Gillingham, Dorset 964:Scheduled Monument 856: 786: 623:St James Chronicle 420: 323:scheduled monument 321:, and listed as a 276:Reference no. 253:Scheduled monument 221:Public access 32: 5346: 5345: 5092:Cerne Abbas Giant 5023:Cerne Abbas Giant 4977:Cerne Abbas giant 4808:W. M. F. Petrie, 4514:Jack O'Sullivan, 3994:campaign overview 3561:W. M. F. Petrie, 3460:Richard Savill, " 3357:Cerne Abbas Giant 2765:Maps & Survey 2579:, Vol.22, 1901', 2279:, Dundurn, 1999, 1979:Antony Barnett, " 1658:Haughton, Brian, 1247:Fathers 4 Justice 868:Lord of the Manor 860:English Civil War 596:Bishop of Bristol 295:Cerne Abbas Giant 291: 290: 33:Cerne Abbas Giant 16:(Redirected from 5396: 5296:Hillside letters 5291:White Horse Flag 5124: 5071: 5064: 5057: 5048: 5047: 5038: 5013: 5002:Historic England 4997: 4984:Historic England 4955:Pastscape.org.uk 4893:Chris Gerrard, " 4786:Dr Wake Smart, " 4781:Journal articles 4666: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4622: 4616: 4602: 4596: 4589: 4583: 4565: 4559: 4552: 4546: 4536: 4530: 4512: 4506: 4496: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4462: 4455: 4449: 4424: 4418: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4292: 4286: 4272: 4266: 4259: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4133: 4127: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4089:. Archived from 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4029:. 16 July 2007. 4019: 4013: 4003: 3997: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3973: 3967: 3960: 3954: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3890:Historic England 3886: 3880: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3822:Historic England 3818: 3812: 3798: 3787: 3786: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3685: 3679: 3666: 3660: 3647: 3641: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3581: 3575: 3559: 3550: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3482: 3476: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3403:(20 June 2008). 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3377:. Archived from 3366: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3329: 3323: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3281: 3272: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3193: 3182: 3179: 3173: 3155: 3149: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3072: 3066: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2955: 2936: 2933: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2873: 2863: 2857: 2845: 2839: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2792: 2786: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2722: 2716: 2701:Robert Dodsley, 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2637: 2631: 2615: 2609: 2593: 2584: 2569: 2560: 2542: 2527: 2510: 2504: 2490: 2484: 2456: 2450: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2390: 2381: 2355: 2349: 2335: 2329: 2304: 2298: 2273: 2267: 2242: 2236: 2226: 2220: 2206: 2200: 2187: 2181: 2167: 2161: 2147: 2141: 2128: 2122: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2004: 1995: 1977: 1968: 1943: 1937: 1914:Raphael Samuel, 1912: 1906: 1903: 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Machine 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4623: 4619: 4613:Wayback Machine 4603: 4599: 4593:BBC News Dorset 4590: 4586: 4576:Wayback Machine 4566: 4562: 4553: 4549: 4537: 4533: 4527:The Independent 4523:Wayback Machine 4513: 4509: 4497: 4493: 4484: 4480: 4470:Wayback Machine 4460: 4456: 4452: 4447:Wayback Machine 4428:The Cerne Giant 4425: 4421: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4312: 4310: 4293: 4289: 4283:Wayback Machine 4273: 4269: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4209: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4181: 4179: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4150: 4148: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4120:Wayback Machine 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4012:, 9 August 2002 4004: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3961: 3957: 3951:Wayback Machine 3941: 3937: 3930: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3849: 3845: 3836: 3834: 3819: 3815: 3809:Wayback Machine 3799: 3790: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3695:. 8 July 2020. 3687: 3686: 3682: 3677:Wayback Machine 3667: 3663: 3658:Wayback Machine 3648: 3644: 3639:Wayback Machine 3617: 3613: 3582: 3578: 3571:Wayback Machine 3560: 3553: 3548:Wayback Machine 3526: 3522: 3493:(236): 524–26. 3483: 3479: 3469:Wayback Machine 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3381:on 20 June 2008 3367: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3340:Wayback Machine 3330: 3326: 3317: 3313: 3282: 3275: 3265:Wayback Machine 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3195: 3194: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3170:The Independent 3166:Wayback Machine 3156: 3152: 3146:Wayback Machine 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3083:Wayback Machine 3073: 3069: 3063:Wayback Machine 3053: 3046: 3039: 3035: 3032:Wayback Machine 3023:"Cerne Abbas", 3022: 3018: 3010: 3006: 2984: 2977: 2970: 2956: 2939: 2934: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2864: 2860: 2847:John Sydenham, 2846: 2842: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2803:Wayback Machine 2793: 2789: 2783:Wayback Machine 2772:Wayback Machine 2762: 2758: 2745: 2741: 2723: 2719: 2714:Wayback Machine 2700: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2638: 2634: 2629:Wayback Machine 2616: 2612: 2607:Wayback Machine 2594: 2587: 2570: 2563: 2557:Wayback Machine 2543: 2530: 2525:Wayback Machine 2511: 2507: 2491: 2487: 2482:Wayback Machine 2473:Wayback Machine 2457: 2453: 2448:Wayback Machine 2426: 2422: 2401:(214): 118–19. 2391: 2384: 2379:Wayback Machine 2356: 2352: 2346:Wayback Machine 2336: 2332: 2327:Wayback Machine 2305: 2301: 2296:Wayback Machine 2274: 2270: 2265:Wayback Machine 2244:Crispin Paine, 2243: 2239: 2227: 2223: 2217:Wayback Machine 2207: 2203: 2197:Wayback Machine 2188: 2184: 2178:Wayback Machine 2168: 2164: 2158:Wayback Machine 2148: 2144: 2138:Wayback Machine 2129: 2125: 2119:Wayback Machine 2106:John Sydenham, 2105: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2075: 2068: 2037: 2033: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1988:Wayback Machine 1978: 1971: 1966:Wayback Machine 1945:Eugene Monick, 1944: 1940: 1935:Wayback Machine 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1853: 1846: 1834: 1830: 1812:Wayback Machine 1801:Timothy Darvill 1799: 1795: 1756: 1752: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1715: 1706: 1701:Wayback Machine 1691: 1684: 1679:Wayback Machine 1657: 1650: 1641: 1639: 1624: 1613: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1557: 1553: 1543: 1529: 1525: 1511:The Cerne Giant 1508: 1504: 1500: 1468: 1461: 1458: 1449: 1446: 1437: 1434: 1425: 1422: 1413: 1410: 1401: 1363:English Bicknor 1335: 1333:Representations 1290: 1168: 1141: 1120: 1099: 1049:First World War 1045:Flinders Petrie 1011: 952: 939:Alison Sheridan 900:Parliamentarian 884:Oliver Cromwell 806:Oliver Cromwell 746:Richard Pococke 726: 719: 713: 704: 698: 689: 686: 677: 670: 647:Arabic numerals 587: 564: 559: 543:Natural England 473: 466: 462: 458: 451: 416:Ordnance Survey 408: 255: 232: 201: 197:Oliver Cromwell 131: 129: 125: 122: 117: 114: 112: 110: 109: 74: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 66: 45: 28: 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4478: 4450: 4436:978-0948699559 4419: 4406: 4380: 4346: 4320: 4287: 4267: 4249: 4219: 4189: 4163: 4141:National Trust 4128: 4104: 4078: 4065:978-1434996053 4064: 4044: 4014: 3998: 3985: 3968: 3955: 3935: 3928: 3910: 3881: 3868: 3859: 3843: 3813: 3788: 3767:10.1086/727992 3741: 3718:Kindy, David. 3710: 3680: 3661: 3642: 3628:978-0766176706 3611: 3592:(47): 323–31. 3576: 3551: 3537:978-0195119466 3520: 3477: 3453: 3422: 3392: 3361: 3348: 3324: 3311: 3292:(210): 29–33. 3273: 3249: 3218: 3201:National Trust 3183: 3174: 3150: 3131: 3105: 3096: 3087: 3067: 3044: 3016: 3004: 2987:Hutchins, John 2975: 2968: 2937: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2883: 2874: 2858: 2840: 2816: 2807: 2787: 2756: 2739: 2736:. p. 768. 2717: 2694: 2663: 2657:978-1564148971 2656: 2632: 2610: 2585: 2561: 2528: 2512:Francis Wise, 2505: 2502:978-1841140698 2485: 2451: 2437:978-1841623634 2420: 2382: 2368:978-0419175803 2357:Tony Haskell, 2350: 2330: 2316:978-0241115503 2299: 2285:978-0888822062 2268: 2254:978-1905400157 2237: 2221: 2201: 2182: 2162: 2142: 2123: 2096: 2066: 2047:(210): 29–33. 2031: 1996: 1994:, 5 March 2000 1969: 1955:978-0919123267 1938: 1924:978-1844678693 1907: 1898: 1872: 1865: 1844: 1828: 1824:978-0199534043 1793: 1766:(47): 323–31. 1750: 1734: 1727: 1704: 1682: 1668:978-1442952607 1648: 1611: 1598: 1577:10.1086/727992 1551: 1541: 1523: 1519:978-0948699559 1501: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1440: 1438: 1436:Bottom-up view 1435: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1371:Poole Hospital 1356:Roedean School 1339:Marilyn Monroe 1334: 1331: 1167: 1164: 1140: 1137: 1119: 1116: 1104:muster station 1069:Stuart Piggott 1028:Royal Magazine 1010: 1007: 992:autumn gentian 956:National Trust 951: 950:Modern history 948: 929:and 1110 844: 843: 824: 813:Stuart Piggott 809: 777:over his arm. 754:William Camden 725: 724:Interpretation 722: 721: 720: 714: 707: 705: 699: 692: 690: 687: 680: 678: 671: 664: 662: 619:Royal Magazine 563: 562:Early accounts 560: 558: 555: 486:National Trust 482:archaeologists 469:... (4) It is 418:map (1:10,560) 407: 404: 376:and 1110 359:syncretisation 351:Romano-British 319:National Trust 289: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 261: 257: 256: 251: 248: 247: 244: 243: 230: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 215:National Trust 212: 208: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 194: 188: 186: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 144: 140: 139: 107: 103: 102: 88: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 69: 60: 59: 53: 52: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5401: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5233:Fovant Badges 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 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4588: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4564: 4557: 4551: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4511: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4475: 4474:The Telegraph 4471: 4467: 4464: 4459:"The world of 4454: 4448: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4416: 4410: 4395:. 2 June 2023 4394: 4390: 4384: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360:The Telegraph 4357: 4350: 4335:. 2 June 2023 4334: 4330: 4324: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4271: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4160: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4132: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4108: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4048: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3982: 3972: 3966:, 15 May 1998 3965: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3939: 3931: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3878: 3872: 3863: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3684: 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2152: 2146: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2127: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2084: 2080: 2073: 2071: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2001: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1957:, 141 pages, 1956: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1926:, 508 pages, 1925: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1902: 1886: 1882: 1876: 1868: 1862: 1858: 1851: 1849: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1754: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1602: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1555: 1548: 1544: 1542:9780300273342 1538: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1502: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1477:Fovant Badges 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1456: 1451: 1444: 1439: 1432: 1427: 1420: 1415: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1394: 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