494:
397:
316:, although three maritime sites have been designated as scheduled monuments. In Scotland new powers for protection of the marine heritage, better integrated with other maritime conservation powers, have been given by the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010. It is intended that the marine scheduled monuments will be protected by this new Act. The Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act, which amended the 1979 Act, was passed into law in 2011.
166:, was involved in surveying the scheduled sites and persuading landowners to offer sites to the state. The act also established the concept of guardianship, in which a site might remain in private ownership, but the monument itself become the responsibility of the state, as guardian. However the legislation could not compel landowners, as that level of state interference with private property was not politically possible. The
20:
695:
434:
262:
government states that it remains committed to heritage protection legislation reform, even though the draft
Heritage Protection Bill 2008, which proposed a single 'register' that included scheduled monuments and listed buildings, was abandoned to make room in the parliamentary legislative programme for measures to deal with the credit crunch.
68:(which fall within the town and country planning system). A heritage asset is a part of the historic environment that is valued because of its historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have extra legal protection through designation.
296:). World Heritage Sites, conservation areas and protected landscapes can also contain both scheduled monuments and listed buildings. Where a heritage asset is both scheduled and listed, many provisions of the listing legislation are dis-applied (for example those relating to building preservation notices).
383:
There is no appeal against the scheduling process and adding a monument to the schedule may be a process requiring a great deal of research and consideration. The process can be accelerated for sites under threat, however. In
England, Historic England gathers information on a site, defines a boundary
319:
Wider areas can be protected by designating their locations as Areas of
Archaeological Importance (AAI) under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. As of 2011, only five city centres in England have been designated as AAIs (Canterbury, Chester, Exeter, Hereford and York). This part
449:
Historic
England, Historic Environment Scotland and Cadw monitor the condition of scheduled monuments. They encourage owners to maintain scheduled monuments in good condition by using sympathetic land uses, for example restricting stock levels or controlling undergrowth which can damage archaeology
299:
In
England, Scotland and Wales, protection of monuments can also be given by another process, additional to or separate from scheduling, taking the monument into state ownership or placing it under guardianship, classifying it as a guardianship monument under the terms of Section 12 of the 1979 Act
429:
Despite perceptions to the contrary, only a very small proportion of applications for scheduled monument consent are refused. In
Scotland in the ten years from 1995 to 2005, out of 2,156 applications, only 16 were refused. Development close to a scheduled monument which might damage its setting is
190:
Scheduling offers protection because it makes it illegal to undertake a great range of 'works' within a designated area, without first obtaining 'scheduled monument consent'. However, it does not affect the owner's freehold title or other legal interests in the land, nor does it give the general
170:
extended the scope of the legislation to include medieval monuments. Pressure grew for stronger legislation. In a speech in 1907, Robert Hunter, chairman of the
National Trust, observed that only a further 18 sites had been added to the original list of 68. 'Scheduling' in the modern sense only
272:
The wide range of legislation means that the terminology describing how historic sites are protected varies according to the type of heritage asset. Monuments are "scheduled", buildings are "listed", whilst battlefields, parks and gardens are "registered", and historic wrecks are "protected".
261:
which obliges it to have a legal system to protect archaeological heritage on land and under water. The body of designation legislation used for legally protecting heritage assets from damage and destruction is complex, and dates back to 1882. There have been many revisions since, and the UK
472:, scheduled monuments, registered parks and gardens, registered battlefields, protected wreck sites and conservation areas. The register is compiled by survey by a range of heritage groups including Natural England, the Forestry Commission, local authorities, national park authorities, the
308:
in St
Andrews). The latter meaning that the owner retains possession, while the appropriate national heritage body maintains it and (usually) opens it to the public. All monuments in guardianship on the passing of the 1979 Act were automatically included in the 'schedule'.
418:
Do any "works" which would demolish, damage, remove, repair, add or alter it (including agriculture, forestry, flooding and tipping) without previous permission from the
Secretary of State or devolved equivalent, given through formal written "scheduled monument
191:
public any new rights of public access. The process of scheduling does not automatically imply that the monument is being poorly managed or that it is under threat, nor does it impose a legal obligation to undertake any additional management of the monument.
236:
In
Northern Ireland, the term "Scheduled Historic Monument" is used. These sites protected under Article 3 of the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. The schedule contains over 1,900 sites, and is maintained by the
384:
around it and advises the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport of its eligibility for inclusion on the schedule. In Wales Cadw is part of central government and act on behalf of the relevant ministers. In Scotland, since October 2015,
249:
There is no positive distinction yet for a single method of registering sites of heritage. The long tradition of legal issues did not lead to a condensed register nor to any single authority to take care of over the course of the last 130 years.
269:, battlefields and flint scatters are difficult to schedule; recent amendment in Scotland (see below) has widened the definition to include "any site... comprising any thing, or group of things, that evidences previous human activity".
1813:
139:. This identified an initial list of 68 prehistoric sites that were given a degree of legal protection (25 sites in England, three in Wales, 22 in Scotland and 18 in Ireland). This was the result of strenuous representation by
71:
There are about 20,000 scheduled monuments in England representing about 37,000 heritage assets. Of the tens of thousands of scheduled monuments in the UK, most are inconspicuous archaeological sites, but some are large
328:
It is a legal requirement to maintain the 'schedule' of monuments. In England the Department for Culture, Media and Sport keeps a register, or schedule, of nationally important sites which receive state protection. The
457:
also offer owners advice on how to manage their monuments. There are some grant incentive schemes for owners, including schemes run by Historic England and by Natural England for farmers and land managers.
350:
To be eligible for scheduling, a monument must be demonstrably of (in the terms of the 1979 Act) "national importance". Non-statutory criteria are provided to guide the assessment. In England these are:
333:
now includes about 400,000 heritage sites, including scheduled monuments. This online searchable list can be found on the Historic England web site. The list of Scottish monuments can be searched on the
1496:
108:
A building or structure, cave or excavation which is above or below the surface of the land; or on / under the sea bed within UK territorial waters (or a site that contains the remains of one).
1806:
1627:
1649:
473:
461:
Historic Environment Scotland, Historic England and Cadw, occasionally award grants to support management agreements for monuments, and in some cases can help with major repairs.
1522:
265:
The scheduling system has been criticised by some as being cumbersome. In England and Wales it also has a limited definition of what constitutes a monument. Features such as
1570:
1350:
1152:
2089:
1679:
1254:
964:
229:
in Scotland. The processes for application and monitoring scheduled monuments is administered in England by Historic England; in Wales by Cadw on behalf of the
178:
When Pitt Rivers died in 1900 he was not immediately replaced as Inspector. Charles Peers, a professional architect, was appointed as Inspector in 1910 in the
172:
1328:
1727:
89:
61:
1492:
1402:
2074:
1984:
370:
Fragility/vulnerability – threats to the site from natural agencies, tourism or development can lead to a monument being scheduled for its protection
1232:
194:
In England and Wales the authority for designating, re-designating and de-designating a scheduled monument lies with the Secretary of State for the
1994:
1181:
1126:
144:
2084:
1058:
342:(NMRW), has an online database called "Coflein" which contains the national collection of information about the historic environment of Wales.
2012:
O. Davis 2011 'Where to Draw the Line: Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Historic Landscape Characterisation in Wales', Internet Archaeology 29.
1449:
1291:
933:
1619:
760:(the basement of the chapel and surrounding structures are scheduled, although the parts of the chapel in ecclesiastical use are excluded)
2064:
1518:
867:
1602:
1779:
1376:
519:, also in Norfolk, is a scheduled monument and a Grade II listed building. Because of the presence of rare bats, it is also on a
195:
2079:
1566:
1027:
912:
76:. According to the 1979 Act, a monument cannot be a structure which is occupied as a dwelling, used as a place of worship or a
167:
147:, which had been founded in 1877. Following various previous attempts, the 1882 legislation was guided through Parliament by
136:
1262:
574:, built in the 12th century in Lincoln, England, is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it.
1057:
1148:
520:
1701:
1675:
1784:
1653:
847:
339:
330:
282:
179:
373:
Representativity – how well the monument represents diverse similar types and/or whether it contains unique features
1102:
1093:(1983). "Planks from the shipwreck of time: an account of Ancient Monumentry, then and now". In Magnusson, M. (ed.).
217:
respectively. The government bodies with responsibility for archaeology and the historic environment in Britain are:
33:. Like many scheduled monuments, it blends into the landscape, and may not be evident even to those crossing over it.
1975:
148:
1320:
2006:
1723:
367:
Survival/condition – the degree to which the surviving remains convey the size, shape and function of the site
2041:
1838:
1398:
707:
385:
335:
313:
226:
111:
A site comprising any vehicle, vessel, aircraft or other moveable structure (or contains the remains of one).
77:
57:
2059:
1909:"Rosslyn Chapel, burial ground, buried remains of nave and remains of St Matthew's Church, Roslin (SM6458)"
782:
524:
1981:
312:
Scheduling is not usually applied to underwater sites although historic wrecks can be protected under the
233:(Welsh Parliament); and in Scotland by Historic Environment Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Ministers.
2029:
1228:
1001:
857:
852:
477:
292:
To add to the confusion, some heritage assets can be both listed buildings and scheduled monuments (e.g.
163:
1174:
971:
645:
577:
301:
238:
1118:
929:
2069:
1445:
1284:
544:
30:
2000:
1206:
735:
361:
Documentation – information from earlier investigations at a site can inform on its significance
355:
Period – meaning the length of time it remained in use; significant sites are often multi-period
1024:
822:
679:
400:
1952:
1064:
364:
Group value – where a monument forms part of a wider geographical landscape of important sites
1930:
1908:
1886:
1842:
808:
769:
722:
595:
1864:
1471:
513:
is a scheduled monument, a Grade I listed building, and lies in Wymondham Conservation Area.
571:
159:
601:
The cruise missile shelter complex (GAMA - GLCM Alert and Maintenance Area) at the former
8:
1595:
1039:
861:
609:, with wider cultural significance as the focus of protest against the nuclear arms race.
602:
305:
286:
210:
46:
1953:"Tinkers' Heart, Scottish Travellers' commemorative monument 820m E of Ardno (SM13615)"
907:
740:
652:
293:
152:
1372:
480:
Finds Liaison Officers, voluntary groups, property owners, land managers and farmers.
1098:
1000:
872:
670:
516:
274:
254:
380:
The Scottish criteria were revised after public consultation between 2006 and 2008.
2023:
1775:
641:
465:
304:
in England, and by the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011) (e.g.
266:
218:
214:
116:
1988:
1090:
1031:
812:
763:
612:
587:
562:
558:
506:
498:
469:
454:
425:
Remove any historic or archaeological object from the site without prior consent.
285:(AONB) legislation. In addition, there are areas in the UK are also protected as
258:
65:
23:
2035:
440:
is an intact church, though only the unused sections are protected by scheduling
16:
Legally protected archaeological site or historic building in the United Kingdom
1749:
753:
714:
661:
624:
581:
528:
437:
140:
53:
38:
1424:
464:
In England, the condition of scheduled monuments is also reported through the
2053:
835:
831:
727:
674:
665:
376:
Potential – its ability to contribute to our knowledge through further study.
358:
Rarity – monuments with few known comparators are more likely to be scheduled
278:
182:
becoming Chief Inspector in 1913. The job title 'Inspector' is still in use.
902:
198:(DCMS). The Secretary of State keeps the list, or schedule, of these sites.
1086:
799:
616:
493:
244:
1650:"Thousands of historic monuments saved through Environmental Stewardship"
1321:"The Heritage Protection Bill: Fundamental reform for England and Wales?"
827:
718:
683:
656:
548:
538:
396:
135:
The first Act to enshrine legal protection for ancient monuments was the
119:
they are designated under separate legislation and are referred to as a
1072:
1010:
817:
757:
620:
591:
534:
404:
2011:
970:. Department for Culture, Media and Sport. March 2010. Archived from
744:
628:
388:
has been a non-departmental public body advising Scottish Ministers.
60:". The protection provided to scheduled monuments is given under the
158:
The first Inspector of Ancient Monuments, as set up by the act, was
49:
or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change.
1780:"Cruise missile shelter complex, Greenham Common Airbase (1021040)"
731:
703:
606:
202:
185:
27:
694:
92:. In England, Wales and Scotland they are often referred to as a
83:
19:
552:
510:
433:
273:
Historic urban spaces receive protection through designation as "
1950:
1928:
1906:
1884:
1837:
497:
With a moat, this is the only scrap of masonry that remains of
230:
162:. At this point, only the inspector, answering directly to the
2017:
1862:
1373:"Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990"
803:
788:
566:
206:
73:
1812:. Department for Communities Historic Environment Division.
792:
748:
391:
320:
of the 1979 Act was never brought into effect in Scotland.
222:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
605:
was scheduled in 2003 as a key emblematic monument of the
453:
Historic Environment Scotland, Cadw, Historic England and
1544:
1059:"The Preservation of Places of Interest or Beauty"
56:
from damage and destruction are grouped under the term "
1314:
1312:
1290:. Department for Culture, Media and Sport. April 2009.
948:
245:
Heritage protection legislation for scheduled monuments
52:
The various pieces of legislation that legally protect
1472:"Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011"
430:
also a material consideration in the planning system.
173:
Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913
2007:
Ancient Monuments & Archaeological Areas Act 1979
903:"Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979"
1309:
468:
survey. In 2008 this survey extended to include all
444:
1774:
90:
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979
62:
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979
1175:"Ancient Monuments Wales SI 2001 No. 1438 (W.100)"
1097:. Scottish Development Department. pp. 9–27.
277:", and historic landscapes are designated through
924:
922:
2051:
1066:The Preservation of Places of Interest or Beauty
1007:The Preservation of Places of Interest or Beauty
186:The process for designating a scheduled monument
2090:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
2003:, Department for Communities (Northern Ireland)
476:, regional and local archaeological societies,
145:Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
84:The legislation relevant to scheduled monuments
1318:
1085:
919:
209:in the 1970s and is now operated there by the
201:The designation process was first devolved to
155:, to ensure the survival of the stone circle.
64:, which is a different law from that used for
2030:Cof Cymru – National Historic Assets of Wales
1807:"Scheduled Historic Monuments 1st April 2017"
640:Examples of scheduled historic monuments in
411:The 1979 Act makes it a criminal offence to:
1209:. Department for Communities. 27 August 2015
338:website, or through Pastmap. For Wales, the
2018:Searchable databases of scheduled monuments
1351:"Designation Policy and Selection Guidance"
932:. Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
1865:"Castle Tioram & Eilean Tirim (SM955)"
1071:. Manchester University Press – via
1009:. Manchester University Press – via
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
868:National Monuments Record (disambiguation)
422:Use a metal detector without prior consent
345:
1167:
994:
992:
547:, long thought by some to be the site of
2075:Heritage registers in the United Kingdom
693:
492:
432:
395:
392:Legal protection for scheduled monuments
171:became possible with the passing of the
18:
1590:
1588:
1025:Lieutenant-General A.H.L.F. Pitt Rivers
884:
196:Department for Culture, Media and Sport
88:Scheduled monuments are defined in the
2052:
1596:"Scottish Historic Environment Policy"
1331:from the original on 16 September 2011
1235:from the original on 24 September 2014
1055:
998:
989:
415:Destroy or damage a scheduled monument
123:(for those in private ownership) or a
2085:Protected areas of the United Kingdom
1754:Historic Environment Local Management
1730:from the original on 3 September 2007
1620:"Guidance for owners & occupiers"
1405:from the original on 2 September 2011
1379:from the original on 12 December 2012
1187:from the original on 17 December 2010
1129:from the original on 3 September 2011
1049:
930:"Protecting the Historic Environment"
766:, seat of the McKendricks of Cathcart
168:Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1900
137:Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882
1608:from the original on 6 October 2012.
1585:
1573:from the original on 30 January 2012
1519:"National Heritage List for England"
1297:from the original on 12 January 2012
1155:from the original on 30 January 2012
1495:. Canterbury Archaeological Trust.
1464:
1448:. Scottish Government. March 2010.
1319:Mascall, Roger (18 December 2009).
936:from the original on 21 August 2011
830:(Chancel Arch and South Transept),
787:Examples of scheduled monuments in
702:Examples of scheduled monuments in
635:
521:Site of Special Scientific Interest
13:
2024:National Heritage List for England
1785:National Heritage List for England
1630:from the original on 23 April 2011
848:Conservation in the United Kingdom
584:, site of a medieval moated manor.
340:National Monuments Record of Wales
331:National Heritage List for England
283:Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
14:
2101:
2065:Archaeology of the United Kingdom
1969:
1819:from the original on 4 April 2017
1682:from the original on 11 July 2011
1652:. Natural England. Archived from
445:Management of scheduled monuments
127:(for those in public ownership).
1525:from the original on 27 May 2011
1499:from the original on 3 June 2011
1452:from the original on 6 June 2011
1285:"Draft Heritage Protection Bill"
323:
96:, although the Act defines only
2042:Historic Environment Map Viewer
2038:, Historic Environment Scotland
1997:, Historic Environment Scotland
1951:Historic Environment Scotland.
1944:
1929:Historic Environment Scotland.
1922:
1907:Historic Environment Scotland.
1900:
1885:Historic Environment Scotland.
1878:
1863:Historic Environment Scotland.
1856:
1831:
1799:
1768:
1742:
1716:
1694:
1668:
1642:
1612:
1559:
1537:
1511:
1485:
1438:
1425:"Protection of Wrecks Act 1973"
1417:
1399:"How are landscapes protected?"
1391:
1365:
1353:. Historic Environment Scotland
1343:
1277:
1261:. UK Government. Archived from
1247:
1221:
1199:
541:monument in Wiltshire, England.
1141:
1111:
1079:
1017:
598:period, was scheduled in 1934.
1:
2080:Historic Environment Scotland
1887:"Ravenscraig Castle (SM2496)"
1839:Historic Environment Scotland
878:
708:Historic Environment Scotland
386:Historic Environment Scotland
336:Historic Environment Scotland
314:Protection of Wrecks Act 1973
253:The UK is a signatory to the
227:Historic Environment Scotland
2044:, Department for Communities
1327:. Cathedral Communications.
783:Scheduled monuments in Wales
525:Special Area of Conservation
7:
1750:"What is Heritage at Risk?"
1601:. Historic Scotland. 2009.
853:List of scheduled monuments
841:
689:
523:(SSSI) and a candidate for
483:
478:Portable Antiquities Scheme
164:First Commissioner of Works
121:scheduled historic monument
10:
2106:
1931:"Cathcart Castle (SM2105)"
1255:"Heritage Protection Bill"
780:
646:Department for Communities
578:South Norwood Country Park
488:
302:National Heritage Act 1983
239:Department for Communities
130:
94:scheduled ancient monument
45:is a nationally important
1843:"Dunskey Castle (SM2017)"
1724:"Ancient monuments grant"
1676:"Ancient monument grants"
561:a hillfort South East of
151:, who in 1871 had bought
1995:Scheduled monuments page
1987:22 December 2018 at the
1982:Scheduled Monuments page
1976:Scheduled Monuments page
1567:"What can be scheduled?"
1325:BuildingConservation.com
1063:
1030:1 September 2009 at the
776:
545:Cadbury Castle, Somerset
2001:Historic monuments page
1493:"Planning Consultation"
1446:"Marine (Scotland) Act"
1056:Hunter, Robert (1907).
999:Hunter, Robert (1907).
644:, as designated by the
346:Criteria for scheduling
823:Old Bridge, Pontypridd
699:
680:Loughbrickland Crannog
502:
441:
408:
401:Loughbrickland Crannog
125:monument in state care
34:
1678:. Historic Scotland.
1229:"Scheduled Monuments"
1119:"Scheduled monuments"
1023:Bowden, Mark (2000) "
965:"Scheduled Monuments"
913:The National Archives
809:Dolaucothi Gold Mines
723:Dumfries and Galloway
697:
596:Industrial Revolution
496:
436:
399:
104:. A monument can be:
22:
1569:. English Heritage.
1521:. English Heritage.
1231:. English Heritage.
1207:"Historic monuments"
1151:. English Heritage.
1038:- Newsletter of the
572:High Bridge, Lincoln
551:'s legendary castle
287:World Heritage Sites
160:Augustus Pitt Rivers
2060:Scheduled monuments
1401:. Natural England.
1040:Prehistoric Society
862:Republic of Ireland
791:, as designated by
706:, as designated by
603:RAF Greenham Common
300:(as amended by the
211:Scottish Government
78:protected shipwreck
47:archaeological site
2026:, Historic England
1978:, Historic England
1756:. English Heritage
1704:. Historic England
1656:on 16 October 2010
1002:"Appendix A"
977:on 4 December 2012
908:legislation.gov.uk
770:The Tinkers' Heart
741:Ravenscraig Castle
700:
653:Drumbo round tower
594:, dating from the
531:protective status.
503:
442:
409:
407:human-made island.
294:Dunblane Cathedral
275:conservation areas
153:Avebury, Wiltshire
102:scheduled monument
43:scheduled monument
35:
1624:Historic Scotland
1149:"Scheduling FAQs"
873:Treasure Act 1996
858:National Monument
772:, Argyll and Bute
619:, constructed by
517:Paston Great Barn
267:ritual landscapes
255:Council of Europe
2097:
2070:Historic England
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1776:Historic England
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1265:on 3 August 2012
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1091:Fawcett, Richard
1083:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1004:
996:
987:
986:
984:
982:
976:
969:
961:
946:
945:
943:
941:
926:
917:
916:
899:
642:Northern Ireland
636:Northern Ireland
470:listed buildings
466:Heritage at Risk
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684:County Down
657:County Down
617:Device Fort
549:King Arthur
539:prehistoric
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1073:Wikisource
1011:Wikisource
879:References
818:Pen y Bryn
758:Midlothian
631:, in 1544.
621:Henry VIII
592:Shropshire
535:Stonehenge
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403:is a late
1791:2 October
1545:"Pastmap"
1259:Directgov
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419:consent"
213:and the
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143:and the
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1046:(April)
553:Camelot
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1938:2019
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1793:2015
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