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A constructive trespass occurs when a person who has permission to be on the land overstays their welcome. A person who stays in a business after its closing time, or who goes to a dinner party but refuses to leave long after the other guests have gone home, is a trespasser despite their initially
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In some regions of the world, a property owner may use reasonable (typically meaning non-deadly) force to prevent a person from trespassing on their land, or to expel a trespasser. However, a property owner may be restricted from expelling a trespasser if doing so would expose the trespasser to a
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The trespasser need not enter the land in person. Indeed, if A and B are standing next to C's land, and A pushes B onto the land without entering it himself, it is A (and not B, who did not intend to enter that space) who is liable for the trespass to C's land. There must be some physical entry,
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A warning sign at the entrance to the land is generally sufficient to warn trespassers of possible hazards on a property or land. However, a property owner is under no duty to ascertain hazards on his property for the benefit of trespassers, and cannot be held liable for failing to discover a
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Some jurisdictions extend additional protections to children who trespass on the properly of others. For example, if there is a potentially hazardous object or condition on the land that might be attractive to young children, the trespass may be deemed "anticipated" under the doctrine of
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on a property, that is, without the permission of the owner. Being present on land as a trespasser thereto creates liability in the trespasser, so long as the trespass is intentional. At the same time, the status of a visitor as a trespasser (as opposed to an
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For purposes of determining liability, the landowner's property rights extend above and below the land to as much distance as the landowner can beneficially use. Even a low-flying plane can trespass if it enters this usable space.
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proper presence. Furthermore, a guest's status as a trespasser arises as soon as they resist when the property owner tells them to leave the property. This is not a constructive trespass if the guest is unconscious.
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For injury claims by trespassers, the concept of traps was narrowly defined. More recently, courts in some jurisdictions have engaged in some creativity, adopting a broader interpretation of a trap.
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For example, a person walking in a public park who trips and rolls down a hill will not be liable for trespass just because the bottom of the hill is on private land.
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risk of serious injury. For example, a trespasser who takes shelter in a stranger's barn during a powerful storm cannot be expelled until the storm is over.
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duties owed by a property owner to a trespasser (for example, by explicitly permitting the property owner to use deadly force to expel trespassers).
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As a broad general rule, property owners owe few duties to trespassers to safeguard them from injuries that may occur on their property.
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however. Causing noise, light, odors, or smoke to enter the land of another is not a trespass, but is instead a different tort,
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In some jurisdictions an adult trespasser who is injured while on a defendant's property cannot sue under a theory of
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them of deadly conditions on the land which would be hidden to them, but of which the property owner is aware.
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trespasser, to whom the property owner owes only a duty not to "trap" or wilfully harm the trespasser.
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With respect to the duties owed to trespassers, there are two types of trespassers to consider:
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The tort of trespass to land requires an intentional physical invasion of the
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This article is about the legal concept of a trespasser. For other uses, see
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such that the child may be able to succeed with an injury claim.
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by the defendant or a refusal to leave when ordered to leave.
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previously unknown hazard that injures a trespasser.
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80:The examples and perspective in this article
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446:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
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854:Other topics in tort law
482:Principles of negligence
411:Alienation of affections
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765:Volenti non fit injuria
590:Ultrahazardous activity
557:Contributory negligence
16:A person who trespasses
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783:Market share liability
716:Shopkeeper's privilege
694:Statute of limitations
537:Restitutio ad integrum
386:Intrusion on seclusion
281:Trespass to the person
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1117:Trespassing as a tort
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661:Tortious interference
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403:Malicious prosecution
393:Breach of confidence
154:improve this article
100:create a new article
92:improve this article
82:may not represent a
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888:mixed legal systems
758:Respondeat superior
752:Vicarious liability
711:Defence of property
648:Insurance bad faith
562:Attractive nuisance
381:Invasion of privacy
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679:Assumption of risk
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300:False imprisonment
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169:"Trespasser"
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152:Please help
147:verification
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1187:anticipated
1098:trespassing
862:Tort reform
496:Trespassers
461:Malpractice
456:Entrustment
376:False light
1305:Categories
1279:References
1256:common law
1232:explosives
1191:discovered
1111:negligence
1094:trespasser
971:common law
874:Quasi-tort
826:Injunction
819:Incidental
638:Conspiracy
363:Defamation
340:Conversion
255:common law
180:newspapers
46:improve it
1123:plaintiff
981:Contracts
921:Australia
729:Liability
689:Necessity
577:liability
501:Licensees
421:Seduction
108:June 2013
96:talk page
52:talk page
1321:Tort law
1262:See also
1148:nuisance
1107:licensee
1086:property
996:Property
991:Evidence
841:Replevin
809:Punitive
796:Remedies
670:Defences
604:Nuisance
575:absolute
506:Invitees
333:chattels
323:Trespass
263:Tort law
90:You may
1103:invitee
1076:In the
1009:estates
836:Detinue
831:Tracing
814:Special
804:Damages
684:Consent
471:medical
367:Slander
295:Battery
290:Assault
272:Outline
194:scholar
1088:, and
1007:, and
1005:trusts
969:Other
956:Taiwan
926:Canada
879:Delict
846:Trover
571:Strict
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1197:(See
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951:Japan
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370:Libel
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