Tropical Storm Erika

1392:; however, members of the public looked upon the evacuees with scorn and insulted them for disrupting their daily lives. Parliamentary Representative Kenneth Darroux pleaded with residents to be understanding and patient with those whom were displaced. Plans for a new settlement were established in February 2016, with plans to build 500–1,000 homes. The government provided displaced residents with EC$ 1,000 per family to handle rent. Similarly, all residents of Dubique were forced to evacuate; they were relocated to temporary homes in Grand Bay provided by Venezuela. Ten two- and three-bedroom homes were provided by the ADRA. Costs for resettlement and reconstruction exceeded EC$ 91 million (US$ 14.3 million). Power was restored to all areas of the nation, except for Petite Savanne and Dubique, by September 28. Restoration to the nation's water system was completed in January 2016; however, permanent systems were still to be constructed. 1365:(IFRC) launched an emergency appeal on September 10 for approximately US$ 1 million to assist 12,000 people. The society's relief operation lasted until April 10, 2016, and provided 12,382 people with life-saving assistance. The IFRC's primary goal was to restore access to clean water; more than half a million litres of water was provided during the seven-month operation. In regards to health, psychosocial support was made available to 873 people, roughly half of the original goal. Hygiene awareness and distribution of kits proved successful, with all 1,000 kits supplied to those in need. The Dominican Red Cross mass-promoted the Red Cross First Aid mobile app to 8,000 phones, though only 399 people downloaded it. Cash grants of US$ 334—by way of 1396: 1301: 1487: 610: 977: 1413:. Contracts for roadway repairs between St. Joseph and Layou were signed that month. In November 2016, Dominica signed an agreement with the European Union for an €8.9 million (US$ 9.6 million) rehabilitation project. In a join Dominica–United Kingdom project, a new road from Loubiere to Bagatelle in southeastern Dominica was announced in March 2017. The EC$ 100 million (US$ 37 million) plan would ensure the road could handle heavy rain events, with 12–14 culverts and 3 bridges. Furthermore, road edge failure issues were to be addressed. 549: 6061: 197: 907: 1216: 43: 521:. The models that intensified the storm indicated a more northerly track while those that kept it weaker had the system continuing along a westward course. Accordingly, the NHC noted low confidence in their five-day forecast for Erika. This uncertainty ultimately reflected in above-average forecast errors when compared to all tropical cyclones, but roughly average for weak, poorly organized systems. Throughout August 25 and into early August 26, the 574:, Erika degenerated into a broad area of low pressure—no longer meeting the definition of a tropical cyclone—shortly after 12:00 UTC, near the southeastern coast of the Dominican Republic. Operationally, the NHC maintained advisories on Erika until 13:30 UTC on August 29. It was also noted during those advisories that the center was completely devoid of convection, and whatever convection remained was reduced to the eastern half of the system. 6222: 5977: 408: 5989: 339: 418: 1041: 428: 1174:

conjunction with various local agencies to conduct relief missions. Approximately 100 personnel were deployed for various relief measures, including search and rescue. The Dominica Spa Health and Wellness Association worked in conjunction with the Trinidad-based Centre for Human Development to provide psychological support to victims; eight trauma specialists were sent to Dominica.

937:, measured 24.26 in (616 mm) of rain during Erika's passage, including 8.8 in (220 mm) in a single hour. Surrounding areas reported significantly less rain, however. Throughout the country, 823 homes suffered damage and 7,345 people were displaced. Erika blocked over 400 roads and left many power outages. Winds gusts of 50 mph (80 km/h) in 1261:

offered US$ 300,000 and US$ 200,000 in aid, respectively, to the nation. China later provided an additional US$ 200,000 in October. The Government of Venezuela airlifted 2,000 tons of food and supplies to Dominica and pledged to provide a helicopter carrier ship on August 29. Supplies from

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convened to determine an assessment plan. The Government of Dominica declared nine areas special disaster areas: Petite Savanne, Pichelin, Good Hope, Bath Estate, Dubique, Campbell, Coulibistrie, San Sauveur, and Petite Soufriere. The National Emergency Operations Centre was activated and worked in

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took more than a year to complete. In addition to repairs, greater flood defense systems were implemented, including dredging, flood walls, and river training. Construction of 25 planned homes by the ADRA began in February 2016, with projected completion in 2017; 50 volunteers were

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was virtually destroyed, with 217 homes leveled and all residents forced to evacuate. Twenty people died or were presumed dead in the village, accounting for two-thirds of the deaths attributed to Erika in Dominica. Residents dug through mud and debris, often with their bare hands, to rescue

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was constructed. By April 2016, the cost of infrastructure rehabilitation projects reached EC$ 7 million (US$ 3 million). Supplementing reconstruction efforts by China and the United Kingdom, the nation's government allocated a further EC$ 30 million (US$ 11 million) to

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remained cut-off by ground for more than three weeks. More than 12 major rivers topped their banks. Approximately 45 percent of residents lost electricity, and almost the entirety of the water supply network was damaged. Additionally, 50 percent of telephone service was lost. Both

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was placed on standby for potential search and rescue operations. Officials in Haiti suspended air service, banned highway travel between departments, and ordered small watercraft to remain at port. Evacuation shelters were opened across all departments and 254 prisoners were relocated from

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Nearly 17,000 of the nation's 71,293 people were severely impacted by the storm. A total of 30 people were killed, 20 others were injured, and 574 people were left homeless. More than 890 homes were destroyed or rendered uninhabitable. Infrastructure suffered tremendous

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over the island as the primary circulation of Erika continued west. More than 8 in (200 mm) of rain fell across the entire island in less than 48 hours, with an island-wide average of 24 in (610 mm). During the period of heaviest rain, average rainfall across the entire

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opened four shelters to the public across the United States Virgin Islands. The local Health Department also opened special needs shelters on St. Croix and St. Thomas. All non-essential government personnel were given administrative leave on August 27. Owing to rough seas, local ports

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was evacuated and subsequently abandoned as a result of the storm. All told, 30 people died across the island in the nation's worst disaster since Hurricane David. The storm's devastating effects in Dominica prompted an influx of international assistance. Aid from multiple nations and

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Convection remained poorly-organized and mostly confined to eastern portions of the cyclone, as it traversed the eastern Caribbean Sea. Multiple circulation centers were noted during the overnight of August 27–28, all rotating around a broad general center. One such center moved over

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remained in a state of shock for weeks after Erika, with many struggling to begin the recovery process. The Ministry of Health highlighted concerns over post-storm diseases, particularly from mosquitoes, due to a major increase in the usage of water storage containers. An outbreak of

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in 1979. Across the island's rugged terrain, the mudslides temporarily dammed overflowing rivers creating a buildup of water. These earthen dams subsequently collapsed, leading to amplified flooding downstream. Flow rates in these localized events vastly exceeded values expected by

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Canefield and Douglas–Charles airports were flooded, with water rising above a small airplane at the latter. Douglas–Charles Airport sustained more than EC$ 39.5 million (US$ 14.6 million) in damage and was closed until September 18. The main river running through

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and produced gale-force gusts. Environmental conditions ahead of the storm became increasingly hostile, and forecasters at the NHC continued to note unusually high uncertainty in their forecasts. Further structural degradation ensued on August 28 as Erika approached the

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networks. The former requested donations from 32 countries while the latter assisted in establishing supply routes to isolated communities. Digical also partnered with the Dominican Red Cross, paying for transportation so relief teams could access isolated towns.

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enhancing road safety. The Food and Agriculture Organization allocated EC$ 300,000 (US$ 110,000) for farmers in October. Through June 2016, the government provided victims with EC$ 5–6 million (US$ 1.8–2.2 million), primarily to cover shelters and food.

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in 2005. Since that time, the state's population grew by 2 million with many presumed to have never experienced a hurricane before. Some newer residents remained apathetic over the storm, dismissing it as "another excuse to skip work or school or to party."

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5 million (US$ 784,000) was provided by Trinidad and Tobago. The Government of Guyana provided a shipment of 68 tonnes of rice collected through public and private donations, three times more than targeted. Through its Excess Rainfall Programme, the

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intergovernmental organizations poured in to assist victims of the storm. Thousands of homes needed to be built or repaired, including 500–1,000 for the relocation of all of Petite Savanne's residents. Recovery in Dominica was halted in September 2017 by

930:, caused substantial disruption to the power grid, leaving approximately 250,000 people without electricity. Thirty-six homes sustained roof damage across interior locations of the territory and agriculture sustained US$ 17.37 million in damage. 1320:'s government provided US$ 100,000-worth of generators, water purifiers, and water tanks through the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Japan later signed a US1.6 million grant for disaster resilience supplies in January 2016. A further 698:. Despite the storm dissipating shortly thereafter, Scott kept the emergency declaration in place and stated, "This storm has been completely unpredictable the whole time...we will still get a lot of rain and a lot of flooding." Thirty members of the 1420:

struck Dominica as a Category 5 hurricane, the first such storm of that intensity on record in the nation. An estimated 98 percent of the island's structures were damaged or destroyed and agriculture was devastated. The

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The destruction of Petite Savanne forced the evacuation of 823 people; the village was later deemed uninhabitable and a new town needed to be built elsewhere. Many were temporarily relocated to the Dominica Grammar School in

1245:—pledged aid; Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago provided support teams—firefighters, police, search and rescue, and military personnel—and established supply routes with Dominica. The 1356:

The initial response from UNICEF included the distribution of over 600 hygiene kits and 4,000 water purification tablets. Logistical support, namely satellite phones, solar chargers, and laptops, were provided by the

1280:. The helicopter flew 25 flights over a period of five days to isolated communities, providing them with 2 tonnes of supplies daily. More than 20 tonnes of water and 5.3 tonnes of food were provided by RFA 326:, a weather station in Barahona measured 24.26 in (616 mm) of rain, including 8.8 in (220 mm) in a single hour. About 823 homes suffered damage and 7,345 people were displaced. Five people died in 1369:

debit cards—were provided to 279 families to cover lost property. A total of 1,000 mattresses were provided to survivors and a request for additional beds was made; however, limited funds prevented fulfillment.

1361:. Four tonnes of medical supplies provided by the PAHO arrived on September 9, and the Government of Brazil supplied additional medical items in October. After an initial release of funds on September 3, the 1197:

A unique means of supplying food and water the communities of Boetica and Delices, only accessible by air due to a gorge 260 ft (80 m) wide and 200 ft (61 m) deep, was established in the form of a

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French organizations provided €70,000 (US$ 77,000) for the reconstruction of two schools. Repair of Douglas–Charles airport was deemed a priority, though the first phase of rehabilitation for runways and

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values of 2.6 in (67 mm) were present over the island as Erika moved through. Orographic influence exacerbated rainfall rates, and this was further compounded with the formation of a temporary

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provided €6.5 million (US$ 2.4 million) to the Government of Dominica—the maximum payout allowable. Thousands of school supplies, including books and writing utensils, were collected by the

298:. Accompanying mudslides worsened the situation, temporarily damming the rivers before collapsing. Hundreds of homes were left uninhabitable and thousands of people were displaced; the entire town of 1269:

Further assistance was provided by the Governments of Cuba, Grenada, and St. Kitts and Nevis by August 31, the latter of which donated EC$ 1 million (US$ 368,000). The British-flagged

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and entrainment of dry air, periodically leaving the center of circulation devoid of convection. Early on August 27, Erika managed to intensify slightly, attaining its peak intensity with

5295: 330:, four from a weather-related traffic accident and one from a landslide. Total damage from Erika is estimated to be over US$ 500 million, with US$ 482.8 million in Dominica alone. 1373:

In March 2017, the CDEMA approved a €9.6 million (US$ 10.5 million) plan to address gaps in Dominica's disaster response legislation uncovered during the response to Erika.

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The psychiatric unit of Princess Margaret Hospital conducted field assessments and provided emotional support to residents. In a report on September 18, they noted that residents in

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damage: 6 percent of bridges and 17 percent of roads were wiped out. Furthermore, half of the nation's bridges and a quarter of its roads were damaged. Total losses amounted to

1153:, the nation's capital, burst its banks during the overnight of August 26–27, flooding surrounding areas. One person was killed during a mudslide and one building collapsed in the city. 6027: 2012: 1362: 1229:

Within 48 hours of the storm, Governments of Canada, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and various intergovernmental organizations under the

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those trapped and in many cases did so with nearby homes on the verge of collapse. The village was isolated for several days and residents buried victims before help arrived.

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generally exceeded 24 in (600 mm). A secondary peak accumulation of 26 to 28 in (650 to 700 mm) occurred in the southeastern part of the island around

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Indirect Peak Discharge Measurements on the Island of Dominica Associated with Extreme Rainfall from Tropical Storm Erika, August 27, 2015, with Modeling and Analysis

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temporarily closed. Although airports remained open, several airlines cancelled flights. A territory-wide curfew was imposed until the afternoon of August 28.

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on August 23, though a well-defined circulation did not consolidate. Organization of the low improved throughout the day as environmental conditions favored

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grounded boats. Landslides and felled trees blocked several roadways across the island. Elsewhere in the Lesser Antilles, effects from Erika were negligible.

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the following day. Moving quickly west, the system bypassed the Cape Verde Islands to the south on August 22, but remained largely disorganized. A sharp

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Although Erika passed well to the north of Dominica as a weak tropical storm, torrential rain associated with the storm impacted the country. Unusually high

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beyond 50 mph (80 km/h). Contrary to predictions of a northwesterly recurvature, the cyclone persisted on a westerly course and passed through the

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stated in a national announcement on August 28 that, "The visual damage I saw today, I fear, may have set our development process back by 20 years".

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area, lightning struck the Sally B. Mathis Elementary School, resulting in damage to the air conditioning unit and evacuation of students. In neighboring

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involved in the project. In April 2016, a library built in 1902 was converted into the "Post Erika Reconstruction Center", spearheaded by Baroness

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Flooding crippled transportation and communication, with eight bridges severely damaged or destroyed, leaving many areas of the island isolated.

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and various forecast models for Erika versus its best track positions (black lines). Note the consistent northerly bias present in all outputs.

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deployed 83 personnel whom conducted search and rescue operations and assisted in the evacuation of hundreds of residents. China and the

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over western Africa, near the Atlantic shore. The disorganized system emerged over the Atlantic Ocean several hundred miles southeast of the

6316: 4788: 3456: 1500: 2454: 2246: 6171: 6099: 3893: 3572: 2189: 6296: 5260: 3916: 506: 4967: 4496: 2308: 5380: 1141: 6159: 6147: 4606: 4221: 290:, led to rainfall accumulations up to 33 in (850 mm). With grounds already saturated from antecedent rainfall, tremendous 5396: 5202: 4630: 4452: 4155: 2141: 1170: 6183: 5234: 4916: 4199: 2108: 6246: 6225: 3827: 1334: 4243: 3685:"OECS Commission mobilizing regional and global support to ease Dominica's Crises following the passage of tropical storm Erika" 2043: 6261: 4126: 3706: 2679: 1107: 989: 743: 1012:, moisture from Erika's remnants fueled scattered severe thunderstorms. Large hail caused US$ 2.3 million in damage near 537:

of 1,001 mbar (29.6 inHg). Around 09:00 UTC, the disorganized center of Erika passed near the northern tip of

4993: 2479: 1433:. A total of 65 fatalities have been confirmed across the island, including 34 who are missing and presumed to be dead. 1358: 639: 5060: 3662: 3168: 6306: 5981: 5373: 5108: 3431: 3405: 1242: 4316: 2334: 953:; an estimated 60,000 people remained in emergency housing. Four persons died and eleven others were hospitalized in 617:(09:00 UTC) on August 28, just before its dissipation as a tropical cyclone, depicting the storm traversing the 1442: 4038: 3547: 3457:"Tropical Storm Erika: At Least 2 Dead, Widespread Flooding Reported in Dominica; Florida Prepares For Possible Impacts" 1577:

The majority of rainfall amounts across the island were calculated through analyses of radar data with bias corrections.

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in April 2016, becoming only the second Atlantic basin retiree that never attained hurricane status, along with 2001's

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recorded 4.45 in (113 mm) of rain. Tropical storm-force wind gusts, peaking at 59 mph (95 km/h) in

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on August 27. Erika succumbed to adverse conditions the following day, dissipating as a tropical cyclone near the

4475:"CCRIF pays Government of Dominica EC$ 6.5 million under its Excess Rainfall Programme following Tropical Storm Erika" 4430: 3476: 3313: 1989: 1773: 1000:, scattered thunderstorms produced isolated instances of heavy rain; 2.2 in (56 mm) fell within one hour in 6311: 6276: 4404: 4360: 1456: 642:

for their respective nations throughout the duration of Erika. Watches and warnings covered the Lesser Antilles from

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reached 11 in (270 mm) per hour. The heaviest rain was concentrated around the nation's tallest mountain,

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Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 2021. p. 3-8.

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ensued in the weeks following Erika, with 153 cases confirmed by September 22. Cases were primarily in

3783: 6271: 6251: 6037: 5317: 3805: 1532: 1472: 483: 240: 232: 207: 5176:(Information Bulletin). International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. September 25, 2017. 3986: 3221: 1395: 4518: 4266:"The Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Provides Relief Assistance to the Commonwealth of Dominica" 3960: 1071: 1044:

The rugged terrain of Dominica makes it prone to landslides in heavy rain events. The town of Petite Savanne

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were left without electricity. The island experienced US$ 17.37 million in agricultural damage. In the

6281: 5170: 5015: 4742: 4696: 4382: 4061:"The Chinese Government to Provide the Commonwealth of Dominica with Emergency Humanitarian Cash Aid Again" 934: 702:

were positioned while another 8,000 were placed on standby. A collective 17 flights were cancelled at

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caused flooding and mudslides, forcing roads to temporarily close. Approximately 250,000 people in

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400 million (US$ 8.91 million) in damage to the banana crop. Heavy rainfall also impacted

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was deployed that day with an additional 13 tons worth fuel, machinery, and other supplies.

997: 985: 609: 479: 286:. The storm's asymmetric structure, coupled with the mountainous terrain of the island and ample 236: 192: 6111: 5720: 5634: 3602:"Dominica govt permanently relocating residents of area worst affected by Tropical Storm Erika" 1505: 1460: 1430: 1249:(CDEMA) pledged assistance to Dominica, offering two helicopters with supplies and medics from 1191: 1127: 719: 711: 699: 581:

along the southeastern coast of the Dominican Republic. The disheveled system emerged over the

578: 530: 522: 514: 459: 256: 2164:"Haïti-Erika : Quatre morts et une douzaine de blessés, selon les premières informations" 1284:. The Governments of the British Virgin Islands and Taiwan each pledged US$ 100,000 in funds. 1114:

values in excess of 1,000 m/s along 5 rivers, with a maximum of 2,876 m/s along the

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and mudslides ensued across the island, resulting in Dominica's worst natural disaster since

1058: 1025: 1005: 976: 950: 923: 715: 486:. Upon its designation, Erika was situated roughly 1,035 mi (1,665 km) east of the 463: 431: 72: 3342:(Report). RA IV Hurricane Committee Thirty-Eighth Session. World Meteorological Organization 895:. Some landslides and flooding were reported, with roads in Basse-Terre temporarily closed. 548: 5150: 4807: 4761: 4715: 4553: 4180:. Basseterre, St. Kitts: ReliefWeb. Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis. September 25, 2015 3355: 3286: 3209: 3106: 3066: 3023: 2980: 2937: 2894: 2851: 2724: 2572: 2526: 2149: 2087: 1338: 1187: 1021: 1009: 984:

Later, Erika's remnants dropped locally heavy rainfall across Florida, particularly in the

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in late-September. This served as the primary means of aid until a 98 ft (30 m)

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diverged significantly on the potential future of the storm. Statistical guidance and the

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CDEMA Situation Report #12 - Tropical Storm Erika (as of 5:00 pm on September 28th, 2015)

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CDEMA Situation Report #10 - Tropical Storm Erika (as of 5:00 pm on September 6th, 2015)

3213: 3110: 470:-force winds the following day and finally developed a closed circulation by 18:00 5911: 5730: 5679: 5567: 5131: 4107:(in Spanish). Caracas, Venezuela: ReliefWeb. Government of Venezuela. September 1, 2015 3736:

CDEMA Situation Report #7 - Tropical Storm Erika (as of 8:30 pm on September 1st, 2015)

3482:. St. John's, Antigua: ReliefWeb. Government of Antigua and Barbuda. September 4, 2015. 3095:"Factors Leading to Extreme Precipitation on Dominica from Tropical Storm Erika (2015)" 1053: 1013: 807: 739: 695: 618: 567: 451: 323: 287: 268: 3516:"5 missing in Dominica as Tropical Storm Erika unleashes heavy rain, wind, landslides" 1652: 1399:

An aerial view of damage inflicted by Hurricane Maria across Roseau in September 2017.

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CDEMA Situation Report #6 - Tropical Storm Erika (as of 9:00 pm on August 31st, 2015)

4105:"Gobierno venezolano envió 10 toneladas más de medicinas, alimento y agua a Dominica" 3707:

CDEMA Situation Report #4 - Tropical Storm Erika (as of 1:00 am on August 30th, 2015)

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CDEMA Situation Report #5 - Tropical Storm Erika (as of 7:00 pm on August 30th, 2015)

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CDEMA Situation Report #3 - Tropical Storm Erika (as of 8:00 pm on August 29th, 2015)

2224:"Governor: State of Emergency Still In Effect For Florida as Erika Remnants Approach" 1410: 1134: 1083: 714:

preemptively closed for August 31, with officials citing flooding concerns. The

626: 614: 571: 491: 5360: 5355: 4178:"PM Harris gets huge applause for EC $ 1 million donation to storm-ravaged Dominica" 4083:"Venezuela envió más de 2.000 toneladas de alimentos y ayuda humanitaria a Dominica" 2607: 2430:

Dominica: Tropical Storm Erika - Emergency appeal operations update no. 2 (MDRDM002)

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Dominica: Tropical Storm Erika - Emergency appeal operations update no. 1 (MDRDM002)

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Immediately following Erika's devastating impact in Dominica on August 27, the

5921: 5891: 5866: 5830: 5820: 5780: 5775: 5750: 5745: 5644: 5598: 5588: 5547: 5537: 5506: 5471: 5445: 5425: 5365: 5261:"World Meteorological Organization retires storm names Erika, Joaquin and Patricia" 4866:"Exclusive Post-Erika discussion with Petite Savanne and Grand Bay Representatives" 3628:"Dominica Suffers over Half a Billion Dollars Worth of Damage to Roads and Bridges" 3525: 3217: 3114: 1526: 1429:

3.69 billion (US$ 1.37 billion), equal to 226 percent of Dominica's 2016

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arrived in Dominica on September 2, carrying medical supplies, marines, and a

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

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Several islands experienced heavy rainfall during the passage of Erika, especially

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on August 31. Turning northward, the disturbance eventually crossed northern

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Dominica: Tropical Storm Erika - Emergency Plan of Action Final Report (MDRDM002)

4453:"Private sector teams up with Government to send 75 tons of rice to the Dominica" 2783: 2484: 1417: 1316:

donated US$ 500,000 and requested residents of the territory to donate supplies.

1183: 1102: 1070:, where an estimated 31 to 33 in (800 to 850 mm) fell. Rainfall across 911: 747: 487: 304: 260: 248: 228: 134: 48: 24: 4653:"PAHO donates medical supplies to Dominica in aftermath of Tropical Storm Erika" 5947: 5906: 5896: 5886: 5846: 5815: 5805: 5795: 5790: 5770: 5755: 5740: 5725: 5674: 5659: 5649: 5613: 5501: 5481: 5435: 5415: 4789:

CDEMA approves funds to support advancement of Disaster Legislation in Dominica

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Venezuela were bolstered to 10 tons by September 1, and the ship PDV

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observed 9 in (230 mm) of rain. Minor flash flooding left streets in

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reported that 1,600 customers lost power during the storm. Rough seas in

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early on August 29. Thereafter, the system skirted the northern coast of

6240: 5962: 5952: 5942: 5825: 5639: 4591:"ChildFund International Begins Clean-up in Tropical Storm Erika's Aftermath" 1405: 1277: 1203: 1029: 938: 843: 542: 447: 264: 244: 130: 5129: 5039:"In Dominica, ADRA begins rebuilding after Tropical Storm Erika devastation" 3119: 3094: 2083: 1658:(Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1215: 1126:

1.3 billion (US$ 482.8 million), roughly 90 percent of Dominica's

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modeling. A post-storm study of 16 rivers on the island revealed peak

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Schools, ports, and beaches were closed across the Dominican Republic. The

1253:. Support teams from the CDEMA arrived in Dominica on August 28. The 4842:. Roseau, Dominica: Caribbean News Now. February 22, 2016. Archived from 4268:. ReliefWeb. Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States. September 15, 2015 3917:"$ 30m for Enhanced Road Safety ahead of Critical Post-Erika Restoration" 3894:"Over Seven Million Dollars for Road Works for Post Erika Rehabilitation" 3499: 3477:"LIAT continues to assist Dominica's recovery after Tropical Storm Erika" 1561: 1225:

provided vital assistance to many isolated communities in early September

1098: 980:

Rainfall from the remnants of Erika across the Southeastern United States

888: 651: 319: 315: 181: 42: 4246:. ReliefWeb. Government of the British Virgin Islands. September 3, 2015 4224:. ReliefWeb. Department for International Development. September 8, 2015 676: 2361:"Miami residents still on alert despite weakening Tropical Storm Erika" 2297:

Biscayne National Park Closures in Preparation for Tropical Storm Erika

900: 884: 691: 643: 538: 526: 518: 311: 252: 126: 4222:"RFA Lyme Bay receives praise from High Commissioner for Dominica Aid" 3687:. ReliefWeb. Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States. August 27, 2015 2247:"Tropical Storm Erika: Miami, Fort Lauderdale airports cancel flights" 2109:

Informe de Situación Por Sector No.3 Tormenta Tropical Erika, 11:00 am

5291: 4633:. ReliefWeb. International Telecommunication Union. September 3, 2015 4497:"Commonwealth Caribbean Community supports Dominica in wake of storm" 2365: 1366: 1346: 655: 562: 3495:"Flights to Dominica's Airport Resume Following Erika's Devastation" 3169:"Tiny Dominica Seeks U.S. Help To Rebuild After Erika's Devastation" 2321:

Everglades announces closures in preparation for Tropical Storm Eria

2272:"Hendry County cancels school Monday, others wait for Sunday update" 1650: 613:

The NHC's forecast track for Tropical Storm Erika at 5:00 a.m.

577:

Around 21:00 UTC on August 28, the remnants of Erika made

4607:"OAS Delivers Contribution to Recovery in Dominica following Erika" 3604:. Roseau, Dominica: Caribbean360. September 9, 2015. Archived from 2190:"Florida Declares State of Emergency as Tropical Storm Erika Nears" 1250: 1199: 1062:

island exceeded 3.5 in (90 mm) per hour. Rates along the

789: 283: 224: 176: 170: 5130:

Richard Pasch, Andrew Penny, and Robbie Berg (February 19, 2019).

4968:"Full Water Restoration to all Communities Complete Post TS Erika" 4917:"Government identifies sites for permanent relocation of evacuees" 1551:

All damage totals are in 2015 values of their respective currency.

338: 5203:

Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Hurricane Maria September 18, 2017

4840:"New community planned for Dominica residents displaced by Erika" 4655:. ReliefWeb. Pan American Health Organization. September 14, 2015 4200:"RFA Lyme Bay arrives in Dominica to provide humanitarian relief" 4156:"Partió brigada a Dominica para atender a damnificados por Erika" 2335:"Sandbags given out in South Florida before Tropical Storm Erika" 1285: 1145: 993: 622: 594: 490:. The storm maintained a brisk westward trajectory, steered by a 255:, inhibited significant development, and Erika failed to acquire 185: 4363:. ReliefWeb. Government of the Cayman Islands. September 8, 2015 4202:. ReliefWeb. Government of the United Kingdom. September 2, 2015 3828:"Ministry of Health Draws Attention to Mosquito-Borne Illnesses" 2437:

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies

2399:

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies

1363:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

5018:. Government Information Services of Dominica. October 28, 2016 4631:"ITU deploys emergency telecommunication equipment in Dominica" 4609:. ReliefWeb. Organization of American States. September 3, 2015 4433:. ReliefWeb. Government of Trinidad and Tobago. October 9, 2015 4244:"Premier Smith pledges USD$ 100,000 to Dominica relief efforts" 2480:"Tropical Storm Erika dissipates after killing 20 in Caribbean" 1238: 1150: 961:. Two people in the area were injured after a house collapsed. 3053:(Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015 3010:(Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015 2967:(Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015 2924:(Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015 2881:(Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015 2838:(Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015 2559:(Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015 2142:"Storm kills at least 20 in Dominica, blows through Caribbean" 5111:. Government Information Services of Dominica. March 28, 2017 4593:. Richmond, Virginia: ReliefWeb. ChildFund. September 4, 2015 2013:"Residents urged to seek shelter, ports close as Erika nears" 1422: 1317: 1078:. Observed accumulations include 17 in (430 mm) at 946: 825: 474:. The formation of a closed low marked the transition into a 327: 295: 5137:(Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center 4697:

Dominica: Tropical Storm Erika - Emergency Appeal (MDRDM002)

4158:(in Spanish). ReliefWeb. Government of Cuba. August 31, 2015 3432:"Dominica struggles to recover from devastating storm Erika" 1447:

Because of the storm's severe effects on Dominica, the name

294:

quickly overwhelmed river basins and triggered catastrophic

5324: 2338: 2309:

Dry Tortugas announces closures due to Tropical Storm Erika

2047: 965: 586: 467: 366:

Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)

361:

Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)

5208:(Report). Resilient Caribbean Caricom. November 15, 2017. 434:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression 386:

Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)

381:

Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)

4994:"French organizations fund rehabilitation of two schools" 4431:"T&T gives $ 5 million aid to storm-damaged Dominica" 3406:"Preliminary Estimates Show Agriculture Losses at $ 109m" 3268:

UNICEF Daily Situation Report Dominica - 1 September 2015

3222:

10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0973:AHSO>2.0.CO;2

2779:"Erika leaves over 7,300 displaced in Dominican Republic" 2196:. Tallahassee, Florida. Associated Press. August 28, 2015 1651:

Richard J. Pasch and Andrew B. Penny (February 8, 2016).

968:, which was suffering from its worst drought since 1901. 964:

The remnants of Erika later brought much needed rains to

376:

Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)

5061:"Old library to become Post-Erika Reconstruction Centre" 3514:

Paptiste, Carlisle Jno; Coto, Danica (August 27, 2015).

730:

on August 29. Sandbags were distributed to residents in

371:

Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)

4868:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 18, 2015 4521:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 16, 2015 4341:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 29, 2015 4015:. Beijing, China. Agence France-Presse. August 29, 2015 3874:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 30, 2015 3852:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 22, 2015 3830:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 23, 2015 3808:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 18, 2015 3786:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 16, 2015 3764:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 14, 2015 3408:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 23, 2015 3092: 5089:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. November 10, 2016 4499:. ReliefWeb. Commonwealth Secretariat. October 2, 2015 4385:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 9, 2015 4319:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 9, 2015 4317:"Telecommunications Companies Partner to Bring Relief" 3967:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. September 1, 2016 3914: 666:

deployed 275 soldiers and alongside the nation's

5288:"Hurricane names Patricia, Joaquin and Erika retired" 5109:"$ 100M Road Project for South East to Commence Soon" 4996:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. October 27, 2015 4919:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. October 15, 2015 4677:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. October 16, 2015 4455:. ReliefWeb. Government of Guyana. September 14, 2015 4009:"China offers $ 300,000 in aid to storm-hit Dominica" 3941:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. October 27, 2015 3434:. ReliefWeb. United Nations Children's Emergency Fund 3314:"PM Skerrit addresses the nation a month after Erika" 2650: 2488:. Havana, Cuba. The Associated Press. August 29, 2015 1028:

counties. Additional rainfall extended north through

918:

The outer bands of Erika brought much needed rain to

891:

while gusts peaked at 100 km/h (62 mph) on

5395: 3989:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. October 2, 2015 3316:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. October 2, 2015 3243:"At least 27 dead in Petite Savanne following Erika" 2787:. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. August 29, 2015 2044:"Erika soaks Puerto Rico after 4 killed in Dominica" 1482: 391:

Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)

3896:. ReliefWeb. Government of Dominica. April 26, 2016 3762:"DSHWA Caters to Dominica's Wellness Post TS Erika" 2610:, Guadeloupe. Agence France-Presse. August 28, 2015 1970:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1947:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1921:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1898:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1875:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1850:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1833:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1816:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1799:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1753:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1727:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1704:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1681:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 1601:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center 887:, rain totals reached 100 mm (3.9 in) in 5041:. Colihaut, Dominica: Seventh-Day Adventist Church 4405:"Japan and Dominica sign agreement for resilience" 3334: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 1870: 1845: 1722: 1699: 1308:in October 2015 to the disaster-struck nation 4948:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. September 28, 2015 4540:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. September 18, 2015 4361:"Cayman Islands Government sends aid to Dominica" 4037:. Barbados Today. August 29, 2015. Archived from 2118:(Report) (in Spanish). ReliefWeb. August 29, 2015 1776:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1771: 670:, assisted with the evacuation of residents. The 6238: 5036: 4891:"Contracts signed for post Erika reconstruction" 4297:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. September 6, 2015 4085:(in Spanish). ReliefWeb. RedHum. August 29, 2015 3742:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. September 1, 2015 3582:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. September 3, 2015 3573:CDEMA Situation Report #8 - Tropical Storm Erika 3273:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. September 1, 2015 2452: 2332: 1811: 1794: 1676: 1292:coordinated restoration efforts to the nation's 5265:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 4339:"Digicel and Red Cross Partner to Bring Relief" 4035:"CDB offers Emergency Relief Grant to Dominica" 3806:"Mental Health Team on the Job Following Erika" 3394:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. August 30, 2015. 3208:(7). American Meteorological Society: 973–990. 3127: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2386: 2384: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 1942: 1893: 1828: 1748: 708:Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport 5356:NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Erika 4946:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 4577:. ReliefWeb. Convoy of Hope. September 1, 2015 4295:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 4136:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. August 31, 2015 4134:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 3740:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 3716:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. August 30, 2015 3714:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 3655:"Petite Savanne residents forced to bury dead" 3630:. Government of Dominica. 2015. Archived from 3580:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 3429: 3392:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 3192: 2689:(Situation Report). ReliefWeb. August 29, 2015 2687:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 2551: 2549: 2081: 1968:Tropical Storm Erika Public Advisory Number 16 1919:Remnants of Erika Special Discussion Number 19 1247:Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 746:. The last hurricane to impact the state was 219:was one of the deadliest and most destructive 6021: 5381: 4885: 4883: 4794:(Report). Barbados: ReliefWeb. April 10, 2017 4519:"ADRA donates EC $ 34,375 for relief efforts" 3652: 3140: 2808: 2711:(Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2015 2632:(in French). France-Antilles. August 27, 2015 2513:(Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2015 2010: 1965: 1916: 1596: 1327:Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility 971: 597:on September 2, before dissipating over 5155:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4411:(Press release). ReliefWeb. January 27, 2016 3784:"Trauma specialists to meet Erika survivors" 3513: 3166: 2750: 2505: 2503: 2413: 2381: 2221: 2208: 2084:"Tropical storm Erika drenches parched Cuba" 1774:"After Further Review: Tropical Storm Erika" 1501:List of wettest tropical cyclones by country 251:. Hostile conditions, including dry air and 3540:"CARIBBEAN: Storm wreaks havoc on Dominica" 3262: 3260: 2630:"Forte houle à Schoelcher, bateaux échoués" 2546: 2244: 2038: 2036: 2034: 1210: 1094:exceeded 60 percent of accumulations. 6028: 6014: 5388: 5374: 4897:(Press release). ReliefWeb. April 12, 2016 4880: 4383:"Japan Gives $ 100,000 in Relief Supplies" 3965:] expends up to $ 6m on Erika victims" 3594: 3567: 3565: 3382: 3380: 3378: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2358: 2015:. Virgin Island Daily News. Archived from 1765: 910:Infrared satellite loop of Erika over the 195: 41: 5067:(Press release). ReliefWeb. April 7, 2016 4931: 3987:"RSS leaves Dominica a month after erika" 3118: 2651:Laurie-Anne Virassamy (August 27, 2015). 2500: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 1945:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 18 1896:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 13 1873:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 10 517:showed a weaker system due to increasing 333: 243:, Erika developed from a westward-moving 5237:. Dominica News Online. April 12, 2018. 5235:"Maria among 2017's retired storm names" 5163: 5087:"Dominica signs £8.9m Agreement with EU" 4834: 4832: 4830: 4280: 3872:"Creating Access to Delices and Boetica" 3257: 3186: 2709:Puerto Rico Event Report: Tropical Storm 2511:Puerto Rico Event Report: Tropical Storm 2139: 2031: 1848:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 6 1831:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 5 1814:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 4 1797:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 3 1772:James L. Franklin (September 10, 2015). 1751:Tropical Storm Erika Discussion Number 1 1394: 1299: 1214: 1171:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 1039: 975: 905: 625:, and moving across the entirety of the 608: 547: 525:organization of Erika fluctuated due to 337: 5183:from the original on September 27, 2017 4702:(Report). ReliefWeb. September 10, 2015 4119: 3728: 3699: 3562: 3425: 3423: 3375: 3160: 3051:Georgia Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind 3008:Georgia Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind 2965:Georgia Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind 2667: 2474: 2472: 2448: 2446: 2352: 2170:(in French). ReliefWeb. August 29, 2015 2140:Martinez, Alexander (August 29, 2016). 2135: 2133: 1335:Adventist Development and Relief Agency 497:At the time of Erika's classification, 16:For other storms of the same name, see 6239: 6170: 6165: 6098: 6093: 5334:from the original on September 3, 2023 5215:from the original on December 20, 2019 5037:Royston Philbert (February 16, 2016). 3915:Government of Dominica (May 3, 2016). 3451: 3449: 2804: 2802: 2439:(Report). ReliefWeb. January 21, 2016. 2278:. Fort Myers, Florida. August 28, 2015 2066: 1938: 1936: 1871:Michael J. Brennan (August 27, 2015). 1846:Michael J. Brennan (August 26, 2015). 1723:Todd B. Kimberlain (August 23, 2015). 1700:John P. Cangialosi (August 22, 2015). 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1108:International Commission on Large Dams 1035: 646:northward, almost the entirety of the 6009: 5369: 5298:from the original on January 23, 2024 4827: 4001: 3492: 3337:[WMO County Report: Dominica] 3335:Marshall Alexander (April 23, 2016). 2755:. Weather Underground. Archived from 2401:(Report). ReliefWeb. January 21, 2016 2050:. Associated Press. August 28, 2015. 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1359:International Telecommunication Union 775: 772: 769: 766: 6292:Hurricanes in the Dominican Republic 5285: 4575:"Responding to Tropical Storm Erika" 3532: 3430:Kate Pawelczyk (September 3, 2015). 3420: 2469: 2453:Rentería Montero (August 29, 2015). 2443: 2333:Amanda Batchelor (August 28, 2015). 2130: 2116:Government of the Dominican Republic 1812:Richard J. Pasch (August 25, 2015). 1795:Richard J. Pasch (August 25, 2015). 1744: 1742: 1677:Stacy R. Stewart (August 20, 2015). 1243:United Nations Development Programme 1086:, and 8.74 in (222 mm) at 949:, which was still recovering from a 533:of 50 mph (80 km/h) and a 314:, heavy rainfall in the vicinity of 6317:August 2015 events in North America 6194: 6189: 5016:"Work Continues at Douglas–Charles" 3653:Barry Alleyne (September 2, 2015). 3493:Major, Brian (September 22, 2015). 3446: 3195:"Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1979" 2816:(Report). Weather Prediction Center 2809:David M. Roth (February 10, 2016). 2799: 2054:from the original on April 23, 2017 1943:Michael Brennan (August 29, 2015). 1933: 1894:Lixion A. Avila (August 28, 2015). 1864: 1829:Lixion A. Avila (August 25, 2015). 1749:Daniel P. Brown (August 25, 2015). 1443:List of retired Atlantic hurricanes 640:tropical storm watches and warnings 541:, before emerging over the eastern 13: 6158: 6153: 6146: 6141: 6122: 6117: 5318:National Hurricane Operations Plan 5241:from the original on June 16, 2018 4748:(Report). ReliefWeb. March 1, 2017 3939:"FAO gives agriculture assistance" 3661:. Roseau, Dominica. Archived from 3167:Larry Luxner (November 24, 2015). 2082:Francisco Jara (August 30, 2015). 1613: 14: 6333: 6297:Hurricanes in the Leeward Islands 6110: 6105: 6086: 6081: 5349: 4535:Project Dominica Situation Report 3546:. August 27, 2015. Archived from 2011:Joy Blackburn (August 27, 2015). 1990:"Red Cross Prepares for TS Erika" 1966:Jack L. Beven (August 28, 2015). 1917:Jack L. Beven (August 29, 2015). 1739: 1597:Eric S. Blake (August 20, 2015). 1457:World Meteorological Organization 1376: 1304:Brazil provided medical supplies 1164: 1082:, 12.62 in (321 mm) at 638:Various local governments issued 6221: 6220: 6206: 6201: 6182: 6177: 6134: 6129: 6074: 6069: 6059: 5987: 5976: 5975: 5397:Retired Atlantic hurricane names 5310: 5279: 5253: 5227: 5195: 5123: 5101: 5079: 5053: 5030: 5008: 4986: 4960: 4909: 4858: 4781: 4735: 4689: 4667: 4645: 4623: 4511: 4489: 4467: 4445: 4423: 4397: 4375: 4353: 4331: 4309: 3245:. The Dominican. August 28, 2015 3148:(Report). Government of Dominica 3141:Fred L. Ogden (March 19, 2016). 3093:Nugent and Rios-Berrios (2018). 2879:Florida Event Report: Heavy Rain 2751:Jeff Masters (August 29, 2015). 2222:Sean Breslin (August 29, 2015). 1485: 1235:Pan American Health Organization 835: 458:developed within expanding deep 426: 416: 406: 4675:"Brazil gifts medical supplies" 4258: 4236: 4214: 4192: 4170: 4148: 4097: 4075: 4053: 4027: 3979: 3953: 3931: 3908: 3886: 3864: 3842: 3820: 3798: 3776: 3754: 3677: 3646: 3620: 3507: 3486: 3469: 3398: 3328: 3306: 3235: 3193:Paul J. Hebert (July 1, 1980). 3086: 3043: 3000: 2957: 2922:Florida Event Report: Lightning 2914: 2871: 2828: 2771: 2744: 2701: 2655:(in French). France Télévisions 2644: 2622: 2592: 2326: 2314: 2302: 2290: 2264: 2245:Emon Reiser (August 28, 2015). 2238: 2182: 2156: 2101: 2004: 1982: 1959: 1910: 1887: 1571: 1564:plus $ 2.3 million in the 1554: 1416:On September 18–19, 2017, 1383:Hurricane Maria § Dominica 1351:Organization of American States 951:catastrophic earthquake in 2010 604: 30:Atlantic tropical storm in 2015 6247:2015 Atlantic hurricane season 6038:2015 Atlantic hurricane season 5361:ReliefWeb Tropical Storm Erika 5286:Rice, Doyle (April 26, 2016). 2653:"Erika perturbe la Martinique" 2359:Alan Gomez (August 28, 2015). 2251:South Florida Business Journal 1788: 1716: 1693: 1670: 1590: 1545: 1533:Tropical Storm Philippe (2023) 878: 710:on August 28. Schools in 664:Army of the Dominican Republic 241:2015 Atlantic hurricane season 208:2015 Atlantic hurricane season 47:Tropical Storm Erika over the 1: 6262:Natural disasters in Dominica 3850:"Gastroenteritis on the Rise" 1584: 1436: 1423:Assessment Capacities Project 1072:Morne Diablotin National Park 996:impassable. Farther north in 442:On August 20, 2015, the 5323:(Report). Washington, D.C.: 4974:. ReliefWeb. January 4, 2016 3521:U.S. News & World Report 1992:. Red Cross. August 28, 2015 935:Barahona, Dominican Republic 920:drought-stricken Puerto Rico 633: 552:Official forecast positions 7: 6307:Retired Atlantic hurricanes 2836:Florida Event Report: Flood 2086:. Havana, Cuba: Nahar Net. 1522:Tropical Storm Erika (2009) 1517:Tropical Storm Debby (1994) 1512:Tropical Storm Cindy (1993) 1478: 761:Impact by country or region 704:Miami International Airport 679:to three other facilities. 10: 6338: 5132:Hurricane Maria (AL152017) 2557:Georgia Event Report: Hail 2323:, NPS.gov, August 28, 2015 2311:, NPS.gov, August 28, 2015 2299:, NPS.gov, August 28, 2015 1566:Southeastern United States 1440: 1425:estimated total losses of 1380: 1353:also provided assistance. 1259:Caribbean Development Bank 972:Southeastern United States 724:Dry Tortugas National Park 682: 275:, before dissipating over 116:50 mph (85 km/h) 22: 18:List of storms named Erika 15: 6322:Tropical cyclones in 2015 6302:Hurricanes in Puerto Rico 6287:Hurricanes in the Bahamas 6216: 6066: 6057: 6044: 6036:Tropical cyclones of the 5971: 5930: 5839: 5708: 5622: 5576: 5520: 5454: 5403: 5171:Dominica: Hurricane Maria 2046:. San Juan, Puerto Rico: 988:. A station northwest of 860: 842: 824: 806: 788: 783: 780: 754: 446:(NHC) began monitoring a 444:National Hurricane Center 203: 191: 166: 158:$ 511 million (2015 154: 146: 141: 120: 112: 96: 89: 81: 71: 63: 56: 40: 6312:Atlantic tropical storms 6277:Hurricanes in Guadeloupe 1725:Tropical Weather Outlook 1702:Tropical Weather Outlook 1679:Tropical Weather Outlook 1599:Tropical Weather Outlook 1560:$ 17.37 million in 1538: 1493:Tropical cyclones portal 1255:Regional Security System 1211:International assistance 728:Everglades National Park 23:Not to be confused with 3173:The Washington Diplomat 3120:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0242.1 1156:The small community of 1132:Dominica Prime Minister 1088:Douglas–Charles Airport 986:Miami Metropolitan Area 531:maximum sustained winds 484:annual hurricane season 247:while well east of the 6267:Hurricanes in Dominica 5065:Government of Dominica 4972:Government of Dominica 4895:Government of Dominica 4409:Government of Dominica 3961:"Governement [ 3202:Monthly Weather Review 3099:Monthly Weather Review 1506:Tropical Storm Dorothy 1400: 1312:The Government of the 1309: 1226: 1128:gross domestic product 1049: 981: 915: 870:$ 511.38 million 720:Biscayne National Park 700:Florida National Guard 630: 601:on the following day. 557: 466:. The trough acquired 439: 334:Meteorological history 58:Meteorological history 6272:Hurricanes in Florida 6252:2015 in the Caribbean 3544:St. Lucia News Online 2226:. The Weather Channel 1398: 1303: 1218: 1043: 979: 933:A weather station in 909: 897:Électricité de France 800:$ 482.8 million 716:National Park Service 612: 570:. Based on data from 551: 464:tropical cyclogenesis 432:Extratropical cyclone 341: 279:on September 3. 263:and emerged over the 4041:on September 1, 2015 3524:. Roseau, Dominica. 2150:Agence France-Presse 2144:. Roseau, Dominica: 2088:Agence France-Presse 2019:on December 20, 2015 1653:Tropical Storm Erika 1339:All Hands Volunteers 1278:Lynx Mk.8 helicopter 854:$ 19.4 million 818:$ 8.91 million 353:Saffir–Simpson scale 217:Tropical Storm Erika 121:Lowest pressure 36:Tropical Storm Erika 6282:Hurricanes in Haiti 3550:on October 14, 2015 3462:The Weather Channel 3214:1980MWRv..108..973H 3111:2018MWRv..146..525N 2194:The Washington Post 2146:The Express Tribune 1331:Caribbean Community 1036:Effects in Dominica 763: 687:On August 28, 535:barometric pressure 422:Subtropical cyclone 37: 4815:Unknown parameter 4769:Unknown parameter 4723:Unknown parameter 4561:Unknown parameter 4013:The Economic Times 3465:. August 27, 2015. 3363:Unknown parameter 3294:Unknown parameter 3074:Unknown parameter 3031:Unknown parameter 2988:Unknown parameter 2945:Unknown parameter 2902:Unknown parameter 2859:Unknown parameter 2759:on August 31, 2015 2753:"Erika Dissipates" 2732:Unknown parameter 2580:Unknown parameter 2534:Unknown parameter 2337:. Doral, Florida: 1467:was replaced with 1401: 1310: 1227: 1076:Morne Trois Pitons 1054:precipitable water 1050: 982: 916: 808:Dominican Republic 759: 722:on August 28, and 696:state of emergency 631: 619:Dominican Republic 568:Dominican Republic 558: 452:Cape Verde Islands 440: 324:Dominican Republic 269:Dominican Republic 113:Highest winds 98:1-minute sustained 35: 6234: 6233: 6003: 6002: 4846:on March 10, 2016 3634:on March 10, 2016 2457:(in Spanish). CDN 1411:Patricia Scotland 1135:Roosevelt Skerrit 1084:Canefield Airport 1064:Macoucherie River 1004:. In the greater 914:on August 27 876: 875: 627:Florida Peninsula 572:Hurricane Hunters 492:subtropical ridge 221:natural disasters 214: 213: 179: 85:September 3, 2015 51:on August 27 6329: 6257:2015 in Dominica 6224: 6223: 6204: 6192: 6180: 6168: 6156: 6144: 6132: 6120: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6063: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6007: 6006: 5991: 5979: 5978: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5367: 5366: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5333: 5322: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5267:. April 25, 2016 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5214: 5207: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5182: 5175: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5154: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5136: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4943: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4887: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4825: 4824: 4818: 4813: 4811: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4793: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4747: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4726: 4721: 4719: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4701: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4570: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4539: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4292: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4131: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3711: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3665:on March 9, 2016 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3608:on March 9, 2016 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3577: 3569: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3526:Associated Press 3511: 3505: 3504: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3427: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3384: 3373: 3372: 3366: 3361: 3359: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3341: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3297: 3292: 3290: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3272: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3199: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3147: 3138: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2943: 2941: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2815: 2811:Remains of Erika 2806: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2735: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2684: 2676: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2553: 2544: 2543: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2434: 2426: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2396: 2388: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2369:. Miami, Florida 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2219: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2137: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2113: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2079: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2040: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1940: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1746: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1657: 1648: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1594: 1578: 1575: 1569: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1527:Hurricane Isaias 1495: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1068:Morne Diablotins 941:caused at least 764: 758: 736:Hallandale Beach 689:Florida Governor 648:Greater Antilles 589:and entered the 583:Windward Passage 476:tropical cyclone 430: 429: 420: 419: 412:Tropical cyclone 410: 409: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 199: 174: 137: 92: 59: 45: 38: 34: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6326: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6070: 6064: 6053: 6040: 6034: 6004: 5999: 5967: 5926: 5835: 5704: 5618: 5572: 5516: 5450: 5399: 5394: 5352: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5320: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5180: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5148: 5147: 5140: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5106: 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2581: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2562: 2560: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2535: 2533: 2524: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2485:Chicago Tribune 2478: 2477: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2451: 2444: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2372: 2370: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2243: 2239: 2229: 2227: 2220: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2138: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2080: 2067: 2057: 2055: 2042: 2041: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2009: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1964: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1915: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1892: 1888: 1878: 1876: 1869: 1865: 1853: 1851: 1836: 1834: 1819: 1817: 1802: 1800: 1793: 1789: 1779: 1777: 1770: 1766: 1756: 1754: 1747: 1740: 1730: 1728: 1721: 1717: 1707: 1705: 1698: 1694: 1684: 1682: 1675: 1671: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1614: 1604: 1602: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1445: 1439: 1418:Hurricane Maria 1385: 1379: 1213: 1184:Gastroenteritis 1167: 1103:Hurricane David 1038: 974: 922:; a station in 912:Lesser Antilles 881: 757: 748:Hurricane Wilma 685: 636: 621:, brushing the 607: 499:forecast models 488:Lesser Antilles 438: 437: 436: 435: 427: 424: 417: 414: 407: 404: 398: 397: 393: 392: 388: 387: 383: 382: 378: 377: 373: 372: 368: 367: 363: 362: 358: 356: 347: 343: 336: 305:Hurricane Maria 261:Leeward Islands 257:sustained winds 249:Lesser Antilles 229:Hurricane David 204: 142:Overall effects 124: 90: 77:August 28, 2015 67:August 24, 2015 57: 52: 49:Leeward Islands 31: 28: 25:Hurricane Erick 21: 12: 11: 5: 6335: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6200: 6188: 6176: 6164: 6152: 6140: 6128: 6116: 6104: 6092: 6080: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6033: 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1480: 1477: 1441:Main article: 1438: 1435: 1378: 1377:Reconstruction 1375: 1343:Convoy of Hope 1314:Cayman Islands 1231:United Nations 1212: 1209: 1194:, and Roseau. 1166: 1165:Local response 1163: 1158:Petite Savanne 1116:Malabuka River 1099:flash flooding 1037: 1034: 998:Flagler County 973: 970: 959:Port-au-Prince 880: 877: 874: 873: 871: 868: 865: 862: 858: 857: 855: 852: 849: 846: 840: 839: 837: 834: 831: 828: 822: 821: 819: 816: 813: 810: 804: 803: 801: 798: 795: 792: 786: 785: 782: 778: 777: 774: 771: 768: 767:County/Region 756: 753: 684: 681: 635: 632: 606: 603: 591:Gulf of Mexico 494:to the north. 425: 415: 405: 400: 399: 357: 350: 349: 348: 345: 344: 335: 332: 300:Petite Savanne 288:moisture aloft 273:Gulf of Mexico 212: 211: 201: 200: 189: 188: 168: 167:Areas affected 164: 163: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 139: 138: 133:); 29.56 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 94: 93: 91:Tropical storm 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 75: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 54: 53: 46: 29: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6334: 6323: 6320: 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The name 1294:fiber-optic 893:La Désirade 889:Basse-Terre 694:declared a 652:the Bahamas 505:depicted a 480:named storm 320:Puerto Rico 316:Basse-Terre 237:named storm 182:The Bahamas 73:Remnant low 6241:Categories 4045:August 30, 4019:August 29, 3554:August 27, 3249:August 28, 3227:August 28, 2791:August 30, 2763:August 30, 2659:August 30, 2636:August 30, 2614:August 28, 2461:August 30, 2373:August 30, 2344:August 30, 2282:August 30, 2256:August 30, 2230:August 30, 2200:August 28, 2122:August 30, 2093:August 30, 2058:August 28, 2023:August 28, 1974:August 30, 1925:August 30, 1902:August 30, 1879:August 30, 1854:August 30, 1837:August 30, 1820:August 30, 1803:August 30, 1757:August 30, 1731:August 28, 1708:August 28, 1685:August 28, 1605:August 28, 1585:References 1437:Retirement 1381:See also: 1349:, and the 1306:(pictured) 1188:Portsmouth 1046:(pictured) 1002:Palm Coast 990:Sweetwater 901:Martinique 885:Guadeloupe 744:Sweetwater 718:shut down 692:Rick Scott 644:Guadeloupe 554:(top left) 539:Guadeloupe 527:wind shear 523:convective 519:wind shear 509:while the 460:convection 402:Storm type 312:Guadeloupe 253:wind shear 147:Fatalities 82:Dissipated 6100:Claudette 5338:April 12, 5302:April 12, 5292:USA Today 5271:April 26, 5115:April 25, 5093:March 21, 5045:April 25, 5022:April 25, 5000:March 13, 4952:March 13, 4923:March 13, 4872:March 13, 4819:ignored ( 4798:April 25, 4773:ignored ( 4752:March 21, 4727:ignored ( 4706:March 13, 4681:March 13, 4659:March 13, 4565:ignored ( 4544:March 13, 4525:March 13, 4503:March 13, 4481:March 13, 4459:March 13, 4437:March 13, 4389:March 13, 4367:March 13, 4345:March 13, 4323:March 13, 4272:March 13, 4228:March 13, 4184:March 13, 4067:March 13, 3993:March 13, 3971:March 21, 3945:March 13, 3923:March 21, 3900:March 21, 3878:March 13, 3856:March 13, 3834:March 13, 3812:March 13, 3790:March 13, 3768:March 13, 3412:March 13, 3367:ignored ( 3346:March 21, 3320:March 13, 3298:ignored ( 3152:March 21, 3078:ignored ( 3057:April 18, 3035:ignored ( 3014:April 18, 2992:ignored ( 2971:April 18, 2949:ignored ( 2928:April 18, 2906:ignored ( 2885:April 18, 2863:ignored ( 2842:April 18, 2736:ignored ( 2604:L'Express 2584:ignored ( 2563:April 18, 2538:ignored ( 2492:April 22, 2366:USA Today 1996:April 22, 1951:April 22, 1347:ChildFund 1271:RFA 1220:RFA 1112:discharge 1014:Woodstock 879:Caribbean 784:Indirect 740:Hollywood 668:Air Force 656:Red Cross 634:Caribbean 563:St. Croix 507:hurricane 6226:Category 6049:Timeline 5982:Category 5912:Florence 5731:Michelle 5680:Hortense 5568:Frederic 5329:Archived 5296:Archived 5239:Archived 5210:Archived 5178:Archived 4978:March 9, 4850:March 8, 4637:March 8, 4613:March 8, 4597:March 8, 4581:March 8, 4301:March 8, 4250:March 8, 4206:March 8, 4162:March 8, 4140:March 8, 4111:March 8, 4089:March 8, 3746:March 8, 3720:March 8, 3691:March 8, 3669:March 8, 3638:March 9, 3612:March 8, 3586:March 8, 3438:March 8, 3277:March 8, 2715:March 8, 2693:March 8, 2517:March 8, 2405:March 8, 2174:March 8, 2052:Archived 1780:March 8, 1662:March 8, 1479:See also 1471:for the 1337:(ADRA), 1282:Lyme Bay 1273:Lyme Bay 1251:Trinidad 1237:(PAHO), 1222:Lyme Bay 1200:zip-line 1018:Cherokee 924:Adjuntas 790:Dominica 677:Gonaïves 579:landfall 396:Unknown 284:Dominica 225:Dominica 177:Dominica 171:Antilles 6196:Joaquin 5917:Michael 5882:Matthew 5877:Joaquin 5786:Katrina 5766:Frances 5761:Charley 5736:Isidore 5721:Allison 5685:Georges 5665:Roxanne 5655:Marilyn 5604:Gilbert 5512:Camille 5245:July 3, 5219:July 3, 5187:July 3, 5141:July 3, 5071:July 3, 4901:July 3, 4415:July 3, 3210:Bibcode 3107:Bibcode 1461:Allison 1455:by the 1453:retired 1286:Digicel 1146:Delices 1142:Boetica 1010:Georgia 994:Wynwood 955:Léogâne 928:Maricao 781:Direct 770:Deaths 683:Florida 623:Bahamas 599:Georgia 595:Florida 482:of the 346:Map key 277:Georgia 239:of the 193:IBTrACS 186:Florida 5994:Portal 5922:Dorian 5892:Harvey 5867:Ingrid 5831:Paloma 5821:Gustav 5781:Dennis 5776:Jeanne 5751:Isabel 5746:Fabian 5645:Andrew 5599:Gloria 5589:Alicia 5548:Eloise 5538:Carmen 5507:Beulah 5472:Hattie 5446:Audrey 5426:Connie 1529:(2020) 1508:(1970) 1406:aprons 1390:Roseau 1333:. The 1264:Marina 1241:, and 1239:UNICEF 1151:Roseau 1092:runoff 1024:, and 861:Total 755:Impact 742:, and 654:. 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