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139:. The music – in one form or another – occupied Busoni at various times between the years 1904–17. Busoni arranged the suite from incidental music which he was composing to accompany a production of Gozzi's play. The suite was first performed on 21 October 1905, while the play with his incidental music was not produced until 1911. In August 1916 Busoni had finished composing the one-act opera
554:
and others were greatly in vogue in rococo times, but then they vanished without trace. I have chosen the tale of the cruel, seductive
Chinese princess (or Persian, who knows) Turandot, who demands of her suitors the solutions of three riddles, at the risk of their losing their heads if they fail. As
445:
for Gozzi's
Chinese fable as early as 1904, but did not apply himself exclusively to the task until the summer of 1905, when he remained alone in Berlin, while his wife Gerda and the children were away in Godinne, Belgium. During this period of concentrated work, from June to the middle of August, he
910:
Yesterday I talked to a foreign lady who told me about a production of this work in
Germany with a mise-en-scene by Max Reinhardt, executed in a very curious and novel way In Reinhardt's production Turandot was a tiny woman, surrounded by tall men, specifically chosen for their height; huge chairs,
737:
who was to do the translation was also extremely busy on other less literary projects. From
February to April 1908 he was attached as a reporter to the Zust automobile race team in the 1908 New York-Paris Great Race, from New York through Siberia and Russia, Poland, Germany and France to Paris. His
729:
As is often the case in such a complex undertaking, the German production encountered various delays and difficulties. Busoni refused to allow changes to the score: the required 60-piece orchestra, unusually large for a play, inflated the prospective budget enormously and immediately became a major
765:
who had been working with
Reinhardt since 1905, was to design the sets and costumes. He had recently returned from a two-year journey to the Far East and was considered the leading German expert on chinoiserie. In the end Orlik was unable to participate in the production, and the sets and costumes
539:
The play I have chosen for this purpose is an old dramatized fairy tale, a tragicomedy by our own Carlo Gozzi. Nothing would be more natural than to attempt to put on a play by an
Italian writer which has by now become a classic (and yet, because it has been forgotten, remains a novelty), but
738:
race reports were published in the NY Times, which gave front-page coverage to the event. He had also been jointly developing an aeroplane with his brother Hans from late 1904 onwards, and in 1910 Vollmöller flew their No.4 prototype a record 150 km non-stop from
Canstatt (now
545:
For the production one would require not only an Ă©lite theatrical company but also great opulence and excellent taste in the design of costumes and scenery and, furthermore, a first rate orchestra. Gozzi is the author of fairy tales which mamma's grandmother used to tell her.
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Theatrical reviews of the production were mixed, one (justifiable) criticism being that the music from a 60-piece orchestra did not so much highlight as paint over the action. The music was thought not to be in the service of the play, but at times in service of itself (like
730:
problem. Furthermore, Reinhardt's career had soared from 1905 onwards, and he was creating, lighting and acting in new productions in two theatres at an astounding rate. He was an incredibly busy man, and everything would have to be completely ready for a speedy production.
1022:
In a letter on the same day in 1913 to his wife Gerda, Busoni said he had considered going to court over the affair, but realised the season would have been over before the case was finished. He also wonders what Gerda thinks about an opera in
Italian based on Gozzi's play.
721:
about a production. Reinhardt accepted, and a performance was scheduled for 1907. Busoni also tried to get a production started in London, but was initially unsuccessful. He wrote to Egon Petri about these results on 6 October 1906: "The
Deutsches Theater wants to perform
985:), had made an unauthorised reduced version of Busoni's score for a 20-piece theatre orchestra. The producer had inserted music by other composers alongside Busoni's own, and the orchestra was out of tune. Busoni left in a rage after the second act and went to listen to
866:
with Busoni's music was finally first performed at the
Deutsches Theater, Berlin, on 27 October 1911, with a very expensive orchestra conducted by Oskar Fried. Reinhardt was a hugely innovative director with the Deutsches Theater at his disposal, and
406:, manages to woo her ("Turandot or death!"), answers the riddles, and wins her hand in marriage. The play was originally written to be performed in the small theatre of San Samuele in Venice, and was deliberately written in the
401:
and inside the Emperor's palace. Turandot, is a proud, cruel Chinese princess who refuses to marry any suitors unless they can answer three impossible riddles. When they fail, she has them executed. But Calaf, Prince of
495:
for the play and orchestrated them almost immediately. Realising that a production of the play with his music was going to be difficult, time-consuming, and expensive to mount, he also arranged the music into a concert
1013:
St. Saëns (and Rimsky K.) also contributed to the Turandot music (because mine was insufficient) - which was played in Varieté style by a 20-piece orchestra. The success was great!! The newspapers are captivated.
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went more or less chronologically through the play, composing music for those places where Gozzi explicitly called for it and also wherever his theatrical instincts suggested it could enhance the drama.
604:
my 'Concerto' (everyone stubbornly retains the final o) in Amsterdam, and for you to play it. I had been engaged as piano-player for the concert – when M. suddenly received an invitation to America.
572:
The task absorbed me completely for two and a half months, during which I was unable to concentrate on anything else. Now it is finished and I must attend to other interests and endeavours.
717:
Busoni was keen to have the incidental music performed along with Gozzi's play as he had originally conceived, and by early October 1906 at the latest had approached the actor-director
965:
in Berlin, acquired the rights to it and brought Reinhardt's entire production to London in 1913. Jethro Bithell made an authorised English translation of the Gozzi-Vollmöller play.
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In addition to these obstacles, Busoni himself had been undergoing a personal change. In 1906 he focused much of his attention on what was to become a highly influential essay: the
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1143:
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1100:
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241:
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975:, London. However, Busoni had not been to any rehearsals, and when he attended the first performance he was appalled. Johan Wijsman (the dedicatee of the
2232:
811:, and others more obscure. Its composition spans the years when Busoni's style was evolving rapidly, and the music of the opera incorporates it all.
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about a concert he was to conduct in Amsterdam which was to include not only the Piano Concerto with Petri as soloist, but also a performance of the
2365:
2117:
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Busoni also conducted the Suite in Berlin on 13 Jan 1921, at one of a series of concerts of his own music organised by the musical periodical
648:
The financial outlook is poor – they only want to pay for a head-waiter – who is then supposed to tip the kitchen boy out of his own pocket.
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2024:
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of Chinese, but also Persian, Turkish, and Indian origin. He used as his source a book by the distinguished music critic and historian
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A brief second-hand account of Reinhardt's production appears in a letter from Puccini of 18 March 1920 to his librettist Simoni:
2047:
789:, which marked a major turning-point in his musical development. From February 1906 to October 1911 he composed his first opera,
526:
I have remained in Berlin all the time and have, as always, been very busy. On this occasion with a new score which I completed
1961:
530:. Babbo will be pleased to hear that I have made a new attempt at a theatre work, but in an unconventional way; not with an
1135:
1864:
920:
Vollmöller and Reinhardt's next venture together was the hugely successful production of Vollmöller's religious mime play
733:
Another significant problem was the lack of a suitable German version of Gozzi's Italian play. The dynamic young writer
2417:
1901:
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has stated that the final version of the suite, including both of these later additions, is the "definitive" version.
1937:
1909:
1881:
1817:
1793:
1769:
947:
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music into a two-act opera with spoken dialog. The two works were premiered together as a double-bill in May 1917.
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He also commented that the inferior lighting arrangements in the St. James' Theatre affected the production most.
1522:
Originally "Ein Durchfall meiner Leibesfracht", a pun on the word "Durchfall", which can mean "flop", "failure",
145:, but it needed a companion work to provide a full evening's entertainment. He suddenly decided to transform the
2526:
2017:
1121:
1049:
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or reduce the size of the orchestra, he did agree to a Reinhardt request for more music. In 1911 he composed
781:(completed in November 1906 and published in 1907). And from September to December 1907 he was composing the
659:
320:
1345:
472:, who had championed Busoni as a child prodigy. Beaumont shows how almost all the thematic material in the
2051:
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1092:
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in the spring. An attempt at this Chinoiserie in London has been abortive. The abortion of my heavy load."
232:) as an additional movement to be played between nos. VII and VIII. Even later, after completing the opera
389:'s play may have been prompted by the impending centennial (in 1906) of the playwright's death. Gozzi's
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2200:
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2010:
1847:
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1945:
826:) to be played between acts IV and V; he also added it between nos. 7 and 8 of the already lengthy
2208:
1843:
1217:
767:
2519:
2165:
2123:
1953:
1897:
931:
668:
519:; initially Kalaf's replies were meant to be sung, although Busoni eventually dropped this idea.
418:
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music, Busoni was arranging for a concert performance of the suite. On 10 July 1905 he wrote to
118:
2410:
2349:
1927:
1063:
961:, London and played hundreds of roles in his career. Alexander was at the first performance of
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well as the heroic and oriental characters, the old Venetion masks also appear in comic roles:
422:
417:
Busoni was very fond of fantastical and magical tales: his immediately preceding work was the
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2303:
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After a fortnight Busoni had calmed down: in a letter to H.W. Draber, 21 Jan 1913, he wrote:
972:
679:
407:
1683:(2000), Chicago University Press) confirms that Puccini hadn't actually seen the production.
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2227:
1995:
1842:. Study Score, cat. no. Part.-Biibl. 3837 (reissue of the original 1906 score). Wiesbaden:
958:
954:
884:
803:. The music of the opera is an eclectic mix, with quotations from other composers, such as
397:(fairy tales) written between 1761 and 1765. The action takes place outside a city gate of
219:("In the Manner of a Funeral March" and "Turkish Finale" from the music for the fifth act.)
2498:
971:(with Stern's scenery and costumes, and Fried conducting) opened on 8 January 1913 at the
8:
2395:
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Carter, who had also seen the Berlin production, was very complimentary about the music.
2082:
1889:
1830:
922:
889:
658:
took place at the Beethovensaal, Berlin on 21 October 1905, with Busoni conducting the
141:
122:
68:
1978:
875:) was given over to the production. There were contributions from Busoni, Orlik, and
830:. His compositional growth during the intervening years is revealed in the new piece:
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2448:
2403:
2074:
1957:
1933:
1905:
1877:
1813:
1789:
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799:), an enormously lengthy and ambitious "musical-fantastic comedy" based on a tale by
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17:
753:
2505:
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2184:
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was a man similar to Reinhardt. He was an equally active actor-manager who ran the
927:
911:
huge furnishings, and this viper of a woman with the strange heart of an hysteric.
846:
841:
782:
650:
Should the idea appeal to you, I can offer you one third, which amounts to 200 fl.
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501:
442:
367:
135:
126:
41:
2329:
176:(The Execution, the City Gate and the Departure from the music for the first act.)
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2149:
1801:
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564:
382:
261:
245:
1983:
Turandot chinesisches Märchenspiel von Carlo Gozzi; Deutsch von Karl Vollmoeller
939:
217:"In modo di Marcia funebre" e "Finale alla Turca" aus der Musik zum fĂĽnften Akt.
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2130:
1125:
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352:
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In all, there are 34 manuscript sheets of sketches and orchestrations for the
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718:
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to be used with the play: each of the three riddles is preceded by enigmatic
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469:
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288:
280:
50:
56:
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2344:
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2090:
876:
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unfortunately the state of affairs in our country gives no cause for hope.
316:
272:
2426:
2273:
1994:. Authorized English version by Jethro Bithell. London: T. Fisher Unwin.
1921:. Studien zur Musikgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts, vol. 19. Regensburg:
1067:
386:
292:
182:
174:
Die Hinrichtung, das Stadttor, der Abschied aus der Musik zum ersten Akt.
130:
76:
1919:
Thematisch-chronologisches Verzeichnis der Werke von Ferruccio B. Busoni
834:
describes the opening half as "one of the finest passages in all of the
2339:
2293:
2288:
2263:
1527:
1171:; (see also above; LP not generally available as of 28 September 2009).
871:
was given plenty of publicity. An entire issue of the house magazine, (
762:
586:
348:
324:
312:
355:. BV 248a and b instrumentation: as for BV 248 except without chorus.
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560:
556:
509:
410:
style as a reaction to the more modern, realistic plays of his rival
403:
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has suggested that Busoni's decision to compose incidental music for
328:
766:
were done by Ernst Stern. OrlĂk did, however, provide the cover for
2472:
2002:
1104:
1078:
743:
300:
276:
21:
393:, which first appeared in 1762, is the most well-known of his ten
804:
398:
332:
308:
296:
284:
264:
152:
1263:
The English translation of the titles was aided by reference to
1035:
Select the catalog number link for additional recording details.
704:
1840:
Orchestersuite aus der Musik zu Gozzi's Märchendrama "Turandot"
808:
462:
454:
344:
201:
814:
Although Busoni had refused to cut the score of his music for
640:
This twice on succeeding days, probably at the end of October.
522:
In a letter to his mother dated 21 August 1905, Busoni wrote:
421:
BV 247, which included music from an unfinished adaptation of
372:
162:
Orchestersuite aus der Musik zu Gozzis Märchendrama "Turandot"
930:
exhibition hall. It was made into a full-colour feature film
508:. Some of the music in the manuscripts is also designed for
340:
268:
257:
1210:
Orchesteruite aus der Musik zu Gozzi's Märchendrama Turandot
169:
The titles of the eight movements as published in 1906 are:
336:
304:
2425:
1461:
opera, the role of Brighella (or "Brigella") was dropped.
1950:
Gustav Mahler, volume 4: A New Life Cut Short (1907-1911)
1731:, p. 217-218. Letter to Gerda, dated London, 21 Jan 1913.
942:
with some of the original named cast, which premièred at
1992:
Turandot, Princess of China. A Chinoiserie in Three Acts
236:
in 1917, he replaced the Funeral March of No. VIII with
2242:
Fantasy on Themes from Mozart's Figaro and Don Giovanni
926:, which in opened in London on 23 December 1911 at the
600:
has been here and a plan has been drawn up for me to
1190:
654:
In the event, the first performance of the completed
1060:; (1911 version with BV248a between nos. 7 & 8).
432:
1751:, Vol. 1. Breslau: F.E.C. Leuckhart. Google Books:
1679:, pp. 56-57. Puccini's biographer Michele Girardi (
746:. He did eventually make an adapted translation of
662:. The concert also included the German premiere of
576:
212:"Nächtlicher Walzer" aus der Musik zum vierten Akt.
1762:Puccini's Turandot: The End of the Great Tradition
1574:
1572:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1437:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1278:
1276:
1107:not generally available as of 28 September 2009).
2607:
2366:Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition
214:(Night Waltz from the music for the fourth act.)
1583:
1569:
1537:
1530:dated Amsterdam, 6 October 1906, and footnote.
696:
534:but with descriptive music for a spoken drama.
1300:
1273:
179:Truffaldino. (Introduzione e marcia grotesca.)
153:Original titles of the suite and its movements
2411:
2018:
1660:
1658:
1392:
1390:
358:
1863:. New York: Mitchell Kennerley. Archive.org
678:conducted Busoni's Turandot Suite with the
2418:
2404:
2025:
2011:
1760:Ashbrook, William; Powers, Harold (1991).
1655:
1387:
1246:
627:
617:
581:Before he had even finished composing the
198:Das Frauengemach. Einleitung zum III. Akt.
49:
2371:Ferruccio Busoni discography (as pianist)
1852:International Music Score Library Project
1764:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1185:International Music Score Library Project
1132:; (included as part of the entire suite).
1089:; (1905 version; nos. 4 & 6 omitted).
840:
752:
703:
642:Before I finalize, scribble your assent.
476:music is drawn from Volume I of Ambros'
371:
750:in 1911, which he dedicated to Busoni.
244:). The musicologist and Busoni scholar
2608:
1175:
2399:
2118:Concerto for Piano and String Quartet
2006:
1971:Ferruccio Busoni: Letters to His Wife
1876:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.
946:with a continuous symphonic score by
634:3) Suite from the music to 'Turandot'
2032:
1183:are available for download from the
915:
712:
624:2) Concerto pathétique for 2 pianos
2621:Compositions for symphony orchestra
1989:
1977:
1916:
1874:Ferruccio Busoni: A musical Ishmael
1827:The New Cassell's German Dictionary
1824:
1637:
1578:
1564:
1431:
1329:
1294:
1267:The New Cassell's German Dictionary
1264:
1200:This section needs additional work.
779:Outline of a New Aesthetic of Music
13:
1969:Ley, Rosamond, translator (1938).
1743:
1191:Manuscript and publication details
251:
129:written in 1904–5, based on Count
14:
2652:
1973:. London: Edward Arnold & Co.
1944:
1800:
1776:
1759:
1716:
1676:
1649:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1552:
1531:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1443:
1357:
1317:
1282:
1240:
1103:; (Nos. 4, 6, BV 248b, & 8b;
441:Busoni prepared some sketches of
204:. Introduction to the third act.)
2616:Compositions by Ferruccio Busoni
2382:
2381:
2101:
1871:
1664:
1625:
1396:
1018:How should one defend oneself?
577:Performance history of the suite
55:Cover to the score, designed by
20:; for the opera by Puccini, see
2641:Works based on Turandot (Gozzi)
1858:
1837:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1670:
1643:
1631:
1619:
1607:
1595:
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1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1449:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1402:
1375:
1363:
1252:
1136:Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra
157:The original German title is:
2527:Turandot at the Forbidden City
1825:Betteridge, Harold T. (1958).
1681:Puccini: his international art
1351:
1335:
1323:
1288:
1257:
1230:
873:Blätter des Deutschen Theaters
125:248) is an orchestral work by
1:
1998:. Accessed 15 September 2009.
1894:Ferruccio Busoni: A Biography
1888:
1867:. Accessed 24 September 2009.
1854:. Accessed 28 September 2009.
1755:. Accessed 24 September 2009.
1704:
1510:
1408:
1381:
1369:
1348:. Accessed 29 September 2009.
1236:
1224:
1212:(Beaumont, 1985, p. 76)
1122:Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra
1050:Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra
1026:
953:The English theatre director
845:Gertrud Eysoldt as Turandot.
660:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
59:, and first published in 1906
16:For the opera by Busoni, see
2596:(1710–12, Pétis de la Croix)
2234:Toccata and Fugue in D minor
1968:
1861:The Theatre of Max Reinhardt
1728:
1161:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
1093:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
822:("Despair and Resignation",
228:("Despair and Resignation",
7:
1917:Kindermann, JĂĽrgen (1980).
1112:Verzweiflung und Ergebung,
757:Max Reinhardt by Emil Orlik
548:L'amore delle tre melarance
491:. He sketched out thirteen
461:music were based solely on
10:
2657:
2201:Fantasia contrappuntistica
1838:Busoni, Ferruccio (1906).
1737:
1677:Ashbrook and Powers (1991)
1358:Ashbrook and Powers (1991)
1077:Philharmonic Orchestra of
365:
15:
2584:
2559:
2540:
2470:
2447:
2440:
2379:
2358:
2312:
2251:
2218:
2176:
2141:
2110:
2099:
2058:
2040:
1990:Vollmöller, Karl (1913).
1946:La Grange, Henry-Louis de
1810:Columbia University Press
820:Verzweiflung und Ergebung
686:on 10 and 11 March 1910.
226:Verzweiflung und Ergebung
101:
85:
75:
64:
48:
38:
31:
1806:Busoni: Selected Letters
528:the day before yesterday
224:In 1911 Busoni composed
2520:Tu che di gel sei cinta
1954:Oxford University Press
1898:Oxford University Press
1872:Couling, Della (2005).
1859:Carter, Huntly (1914).
1087:Sony Classical SK 53280
900:Midsummer Night's Dream
2350:George Frederick Boyle
1844:Breitkopf & Härtel
1745:Ambros, August Wilhelm
1526:"diarrhea". Letter to
1064:Hong Kong Philharmonic
1020:
913:
859:
768:Breitkopf & Härtel
758:
709:
680:New York Philharmonic
652:
645:
637:
609:The programme would be
606:
574:
569:
542:
536:
379:
2593:Les Mille et un jours
2575:The Curse of Turandot
1985:. Berlin: S. Fischer.
1346:ClassicalArchives.com
1011:
950:on 21 December 1912.
948:Engelbert Humperdinck
908:
844:
795:("The Bridal Quest",
770:'s 1906 score of the
756:
708:Max Reinhardt in 1911
707:
646:
638:
607:
595:
570:
543:
537:
524:
457:Busoni chose for the
419:Piano Concerto Op. 39
375:
240:("Altoum's Warning",
2313:Composition students
2228:Bach-Busoni Editions
1900:. (Reprint: London:
1749:Geschichte der Musik
996:at another concert.
955:Sir George Alexander
478:Geschichte der Musik
1923:Gustav Bosse Verlag
1831:Funk & Wagnalls
1782:Busoni the Composer
1176:Downloadable scores
700:as incidental music
682:in two concerts at
552:L'augellin Belverde
433:Composition of the
423:Adam Oehlenschläger
195:(Turandot's March.)
2221:and transcriptions
2177:Piano compositions
2166:Berceuse élégiaque
994:Le Rouet d'Omphale
973:St James's Theatre
932:with the same name
860:
759:
710:
632:
622:
612:
408:commedia dell'arte
380:
359:Choice of Gozzi's
193:"Turandot" Marsch.
2631:1905 compositions
2626:Orchestral suites
2603:
2602:
2568:Princess Turandot
2536:
2535:
2499:Non piangere, LiĂą
2492:Signore, ascolta!
2393:
2392:
2252:Keyboard students
1996:Project Gutenberg
1962:978-0-19-816387-9
1579:Vollmöller (1913)
1565:Vollmöller (1911)
1201:
1165:Jascha Horenstein
1151:Altoums Warnung,
1097:Jascha Horenstein
1074:; (1905 version).
1036:
959:St James' Theatre
916:London production
854:'s production of
847:Alessandro Moissi
801:E. T. A. Hoffmann
713:Berlin production
209:(Dance and Song.)
109:
108:
18:Turandot (Busoni)
2648:
2636:Incidental music
2506:In questa reggia
2445:
2444:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2359:Related articles
2304:Józef Turczyński
2299:Zdenka Ticharich
2105:
2034:Ferruccio Busoni
2027:
2020:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1986:
1979:Vollmöller, Karl
1974:
1965:
1941:
1931:
1913:
1885:
1868:
1855:
1834:
1821:
1802:Beaumont, Antony
1797:
1778:Beaumont, Antony
1773:
1756:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1674:
1668:
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1641:
1635:
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1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
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1315:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1234:
1208:original title:
1196:
1144:Capriccio 10 479
1040:Turandot Suite,
1031:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
443:incidental music
368:Turandot (Gozzi)
327:, covered drum,
207:Tanz und Gesang.
190:(Altoum's March)
127:Ferruccio Busoni
96:
94:
53:
44:
42:Ferruccio Busoni
29:
28:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2580:
2555:
2532:
2476:(1926, Puccini)
2466:
2436:
2424:
2394:
2389:
2375:
2354:
2325:Philipp Jarnach
2308:
2284:Louis Gruenberg
2247:
2220:
2214:
2172:
2150:Comedy Overture
2137:
2106:
2097:
2054:
2036:
2031:
1925:
1902:Ernst Eulenberg
1890:Dent, Edward J.
1786:Faber and Faber
1740:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1717:Beaumont (1987)
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1650:Beaumont (1985)
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1614:Beaumont (1985)
1612:
1608:
1602:Beaumont (1985)
1600:
1596:
1590:Beaumont (1985)
1588:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1553:Beaumont (1985)
1551:
1538:
1532:Beaumont (1987)
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1499:LaGrange (2008)
1497:
1493:
1487:Beaumont (1987)
1485:
1481:
1475:Beaumont (1987)
1473:
1469:
1463:Beaumont (1985)
1454:
1450:
1444:Beaumont (1985)
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1360:, pp. 44 and 58
1356:
1352:
1342:All Music Guide
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1318:Beaumont (1985)
1316:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1283:Beaumont (1985)
1281:
1274:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1241:Beaumont (1985)
1235:
1231:
1227:
1193:
1178:
1029:
1005:ref Carter book
918:
858:, Berlin, 1911.
850:
832:Antony Beaumont
735:Karl Vollmöller
715:
702:
669:Les nuits d'été
649:
643:
641:
635:
631:
630:
626:
625:
621:
620:
616:
615:
611:
610:
579:
439:
383:Antony Beaumont
377:
370:
364:
254:
252:Instrumentation
246:Antony Beaumont
238:Altoums Warnung
222:
218:
213:
208:
199:
194:
189:
188:Altoum. Marsch.
180:
175:
155:
92:
90:
60:
40:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2552:(1953, Brecht)
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2461:Turandot Suite
2456:
2454:
2453:(1917, Busoni)
2442:
2438:
2437:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:Wladimir Vogel
2332:
2327:
2322:
2320:Natalie Curtis
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Percy Grainger
2276:
2271:
2269:Ignaz Friedman
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2219:Piano editions
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2158:Turandot Suite
2154:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:Indian Fantasy
2127:
2124:Piano Concerto
2121:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1987:
1975:
1966:
1942:
1914:
1886:
1869:
1856:
1848:this work page
1835:
1822:
1804:, ed. (1987).
1798:
1774:
1757:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1707:, pp. 198-199.
1697:
1685:
1669:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1628:, pp. 246-253.
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1568:
1557:
1536:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1413:
1401:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1334:
1322:
1299:
1287:
1272:
1256:
1245:
1243:, pp. 240–241.
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:, 1906 PB 1976
1203:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1169:Rococo RR 2036
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1133:
1126:Michael Gielen
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1101:Rococo RR 2036
1090:
1075:
1072:Naxos 8.555373
1061:
1054:Michael Gielen
1046:
1045:
1028:
1025:
991:symphonic poem
936:Joseph Menchen
917:
914:
879:among others.
828:Turandot Suite
772:Turandot Suite
744:Lake Constance
714:
711:
701:
695:
664:Hector Berlioz
656:Turandot Suite
591:Turandot Suite
578:
575:
506:Turandot Suite
489:Busoni Archive
438:
431:
366:Main article:
363:
357:
287:(3rd doubling
279:(3rd doubling
271:(3rd doubling
253:
250:
221:
220:
215:
210:
205:
196:
191:
186:
177:
171:
167:
166:
164:
154:
151:
114:Turandot Suite
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
87:
83:
82:
79:
73:
72:
66:
62:
61:
54:
46:
45:
36:
35:
33:Turandot Suite
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2653:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:Edgard Varèse
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:An die Jugend
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:Die Brautwahl
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:3-7649-2033-5
1935:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1910:0-903873-02-8
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:0-8108-5142-3
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1818:0-231-06460-8
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:0-571-13149-2
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:0-691-02712-9
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1693:Carter (1914)
1689:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1652:, pp. 76, 84.
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1501:, p. 695-697.
1500:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1421:Ambros (1862)
1417:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1297:, pp. 229-231
1296:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1253:Busoni (1906)
1249:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1167:, conductor;
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:, conductor;
1141:
1140:Gerd Albrecht
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:MMG MCD 10019
1128:, conductor;
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:, conductor;
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:, conductor;
1084:
1083:Riccardo Muti
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:, conductor;
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:MMG MCD 10019
1056:, conductor;
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
974:
970:
966:
964:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
944:Covent Garden
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
924:
912:
907:
904:
902:
901:
896:
892:
891:
886:
880:
878:
874:
870:
865:
862:Vollmöller's
857:
853:
852:Max Reinhardt
848:
843:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:
792:Die Brautwahl
788:
784:
780:
775:
774:(see above).
773:
769:
764:
755:
751:
749:
745:
741:
736:
731:
727:
725:
720:
719:Max Reinhardt
706:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
684:Carnegie Hall
681:
677:
676:Gustav Mahler
673:
671:
670:
665:
661:
657:
651:
644:
636:
605:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
553:
549:
541:
535:
533:
529:
523:
520:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
490:
487:music in the
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
470:August Ambros
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
444:
436:
430:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
374:
369:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:contrabassoon
286:
282:
281:bass clarinet
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:
259:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
216:
211:
206:
203:
197:
192:
187:
184:
178:
173:
172:
170:
165:
163:
160:
159:
158:
150:
148:
144:
143:
138:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:
104:
100:
88:
84:
80:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
58:
52:
47:
43:
37:
34:
30:
27:
23:
19:
2591:
2573:
2566:
2547:
2525:
2513:Nessun dorma
2483:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2430:
2345:Stefan Wolpe
2259:Guido Agosti
2240:
2233:
2209:KlavierĂĽbung
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2164:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2129:
2091:Doktor Faust
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2044:Compositions
1991:
1982:
1970:
1952:. New York:
1949:
1918:
1893:
1873:
1860:
1839:
1829:. New York:
1826:
1808:. New York:
1805:
1781:
1761:
1753:Full Preview
1748:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1560:
1534:, pp. 79-80.
1523:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1456:
1455:In Busoni's
1451:
1446:, pp. 80-84.
1439:
1427:
1416:
1404:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1344:, 2008. See
1341:
1337:
1332:, pp. 32-33.
1325:
1290:
1266:
1265:Betteridge,
1259:
1248:
1232:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1179:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1016:Fascinating!
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
998:
993:
976:
968:
967:
962:
952:
940:Michel Carré
921:
919:
909:
905:
898:
888:
881:
877:Stefan Zweig
872:
868:
863:
861:
855:
835:
827:
819:
815:
813:
790:
778:
776:
771:
760:
747:
732:
728:
723:
716:
697:
690:
688:
674:
667:
655:
653:
647:
639:
608:
601:
596:
590:
582:
580:
571:
551:
547:
544:
538:
531:
527:
525:
521:
505:
484:
482:
477:
473:
458:
448:
440:
434:
426:
416:
394:
390:
381:
360:
317:glockenspiel
273:English horn
255:
237:
233:
225:
223:
168:
161:
156:
146:
140:
134:
113:
112:
110:
32:
26:
2486:discography
2427:Carlo Gozzi
2274:Rudolf Ganz
2052:Discography
2048:Adaptations
1926: [
1068:Samuel Wong
987:Saint-Saëns
923:The Miracle
895:Mendelssohn
761:The artist
691:Der Anbruch
629:(you and I)
614:1) Concerto
565:Truffaldino
387:Carlo Gozzi
378:(1720–1806)
376:Carlo Gozzi
183:Truffaldino
131:Carlo Gozzi
2610:Categories
2340:Kurt Weill
2294:Leo Sirota
2289:Egon Petri
2264:Maud Allan
2142:Orchestral
2083:Arlecchino
1948:, (2008).
1896:. London:
1784:. London:
1638:Kindermann
1528:Egon Petri
1432:Kindermann
1295:Kindermann
1239:, p. 233;
1225:References
1027:Recordings
763:Emil Orlik
598:Mengelberg
587:Egon Petri
510:melodramas
343:: female (
325:tambourine
313:percussion
142:Arlecchino
57:Emil OrlĂk
2236:(JS Bach)
2111:Concertos
1667:, p. 245.
1640:, p. 230.
1616:, p. 101.
1513:, p. 255.
1465:, p. 240.
1399:, p. 204.
1384:, p. 152.
885:Beethoven
849:as Calaf.
740:Stuttgart
561:Brighella
557:Pantalone
502:movements
500:of eight
404:Astrakhan
329:bass drum
301:trombones
277:clarinets
105:orchestra
65:Catalogue
2549:Turandot
2484:Turandot
2473:Turandot
2450:Turandot
2432:Turandot
2387:Category
2075:Turandot
1981:(1911).
1904:, 1974.
1892:(1933).
1865:OCR text
1780:(1985).
1747:(1862).
1719:, p. 158
1695:, p. 245
1604:, p. 89.
1592:, p. 82.
1555:, p. 84.
1489:, p. 75.
1477:, p. 76.
1458:Turandot
1434:, p. 229
1411:, p. 22.
1372:, p. 148
1320:, p. 76.
1285:, p. 85.
1079:La Scala
978:Berceuse
969:Turandot
963:Turandot
869:Turandot
864:Turandot
856:Turandot
838:music."
836:Turandot
816:Turandot
748:Turandot
724:Turandot
698:Turandot
619:Interval
583:Turandot
485:Turandot
474:Turandot
463:oriental
459:Turandot
455:melodies
435:Turandot
391:Turandot
361:Turandot
321:triangle
297:trumpets
285:bassoons
262:doubling
234:Turandot
147:Turandot
136:Turandot
133:'s play
86:Composed
22:Turandot
2185:Elegies
2042:Lists:
1850:of the
1738:Sources
1665:Couling
1626:Couling
1397:Couling
1330:Roberge
1218:B&H
1153:BV 248b
1114:BV 248a
1001:"quote"
928:Olympia
824:BV 248a
805:Rossini
783:Elegies
602:conduct
493:numbers
427:Aladdin
412:Goldoni
353:strings
349:ad lib.
333:tam-tam
309:timpani
265:piccolo
242:BV 248b
230:BV 248a
102:Scoring
91: (
2585:Source
2441:Operas
2435:(1762)
2204:(1910)
2196:(1909)
2188:(1908)
2169:(1909)
2161:(1905)
2153:(1897)
2134:(1916)
2126:(1904)
2120:(1878)
2094:(1925)
2086:(1917)
2078:(1917)
2070:(1912)
2059:Operas
1960:
1936:
1908:
1880:
1846:. See
1816:
1792:
1768:
1206:BV 248
1181:Scores
1155:(1917)
1116:(1911)
1044:(1905)
1042:BV 248
983:BV 252
890:Egmont
809:Mozart
797:BV 258
787:BV 252
517:chords
504:, the
466:motifs
451:themes
399:Peking
345:unison
341:chorus
258:flutes
202:Zenana
121:. 41 (
1930:]
1216:pub.
1198:Note:
1033:Note:
742:) to
532:opera
514:brass
498:suite
437:music
395:fiabe
337:harps
335:); 2
293:horns
291:); 4
283:), 3
275:), 3
269:oboes
267:), 3
260:(3rd
2560:Film
2541:Play
1958:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1814:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1705:Dent
1511:Dent
1409:Dent
1382:Dent
1370:Dent
1237:Dent
938:and
807:and
563:and
453:and
449:The
305:tuba
303:, 1
299:, 3
295:, 4
111:The
93:1904
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77:Opus
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