139:
241:
35:
231:
that uses turbo-compounding. The engines use a single turbocharger that is connected to an electric motor/generator called the MGU-H. The MGU-H uses a turbine to drive a generator, converting waste heat from the exhaust into electrical energy that is either stored in a battery or sent directly to an
129:
By the late-war era, turbine development had improved dramatically and led to a new turbine design known as the "blowdown turbine" or "power-recovery turbine". This design extracts energy from the momentum of the moving exhaust, but does not appreciably increase back-pressure. This means it does not
117:
Through the late 1930s and early 1940s one solution to this problem was the introduction of "jet stack" exhaust manifolds. These were simply short sections of metal pipe attached to the exhaust ports, shaped so that they would interact with the airstream to produce a jet of air that produced forward
109:
that could be used for propulsion if extracted. A turbine is often used to extract energy from such a stream of gases. A conventional gas turbine is fed high-pressure, high-velocity air, extracts energy from it, and leaves as a lower-pressure, slower-moving stream. This action has the side-effect of
200:
were constructed but none was developed beyond the prototype stage. It was realized in many cases the power produced by the simple turbine was approaching that of the enormously complex and maintenance-intensive piston engine to which it was attached. As a result, turbo-compound aero engines were
324:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for Formula 1. Unlike its contemporaries, still uses a wastegate as an emergency measure to control boost pressure in case the turbo-compounding with the MGU-H fails.
712:
180:, while recovering about 550 hp (410 kW) at METO (maximum continuous except for take-off) power. In the case of the R-3350, maintenance crews sometimes nicknamed the turbine the
160:
Blowdown turbines became relatively common features in the late- and post-war era, especially for engines designed for long overwater flights. Turbo-compounding was used on several
321:
730:
110:
increasing the upstream pressure, which makes it undesirable for use with a piston engine as it increases the back-pressure in the engine, which decreases scavenging of the
739:
With 440 hp, the new version of Scania's 12-litre turbocompound engine is suitable for Alpine terrain, as well as normal
European long-haul and construction operations.
157:. This was used primarily to drive a geared centrifugal supercharger, although it was also coupled to the crankshaft and gave an extra 15 to 35 percent fuel economy.
176:. The exhaust restriction imparted by the three blowdown turbines used on the Wright R-3350 is equal to a well-designed jet stack system used on a conventional
130:
have the undesirable effects of conventional designs when connected to the exhaust of a piston engine, and a number of manufacturers began studying the design.
783:
85:, the ratio of fuel use to power. Turbo-compounding was used for commercial airliners and similar long-range, long-endurance roles before the introduction of
66:, the energy is instead sent to the output shaft to increase the total power delivered by the engine. The turbine is usually mechanically connected to the
716:
546:
463:
776:
355:
82:
480:
769:
212:
Some modern heavy truck diesel manufacturers have incorporated turbo-compounding into their designs. Examples include the
1338:
94:
372:
894:
514:
613:
244:
Diagram showing a true turbo-compound at the bottom, and a gas turbine loosely coupled to a piston engine at the top
1323:
254:
17:
488:. Wood Ridge New Jersey: Curtiss-Wright Corporation:Wright Aeronautical Division. October 1956. Archived from
987:
914:
644:
359:
173:
142:
71:
810:
582:
556:
1333:
1064:
904:
228:
695:
1343:
416:
334:
114:
from the cylinders and thereby lowers the efficiency of the piston portion of a compound engine.
1328:
1059:
1014:
924:
857:
309:
734:
437:
1049:
1044:
1024:
949:
909:
899:
852:
847:
678:
457:
1054:
1034:
1029:
1019:
997:
939:
830:
825:
792:
761:
51:
8:
1288:
1112:
1039:
934:
884:
275:
193:
612:
1107:
977:
972:
929:
867:
105:
Most piston engines produce a hot exhaust that still contains considerable undeveloped
1097:
982:
967:
944:
751:
652:
621:
590:
551:
489:
189:
154:
74:, but electric and hydraulic power recovery systems have been investigated as well.
1087:
1082:
78:
58:
to recover energy from the exhaust gases. Instead of using that energy to drive a
1102:
1092:
1006:
959:
862:
284:
263:
184:
due to its negative effect on engine reliability. Turbo-compound versions of the
138:
123:
63:
872:
376:
295:
249:
240:
213:
197:
1257:
1252:
1227:
1222:
525:
42:
engine. The power-recovery turbine sits underneath a two-stroke diesel engine.
1317:
1283:
1273:
1130:
919:
837:
796:
350:
338:
280:
185:
177:
153:
The first aircraft engine to be tested with a power-recovery turbine was the
146:
90:
815:
542:
406:
401:
396:
268:
169:
165:
119:
59:
39:
1074:
879:
820:
411:
305:
224:
111:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1162:
1150:
889:
842:
342:
126:
to recover heat from the radiator system to provide additional thrust.
67:
666:
in its hey-day, the Connie was often called the world's best tri-motor
1232:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1140:
1135:
217:
202:
574:
1298:
1293:
1278:
1214:
1122:
391:
206:
161:
86:
606:
535:
329:
316:
55:
375:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for Formula 1 for the
337:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for Formula 1 for the
106:
34:
367:
791:
637:
308:: Soviet-built 42 cylinder diesel naval engine used in the
580:
283:: The turbo-compound version was the only turbo-compound
541:
614:"Ten Ideas That Failed: 2 Turbo-compound Piston Engine"
89:
engines. Examples using the Duplex-Cyclone include the
29:
Reciprocating engine combined with a blowdown turbine
547:"Napier Nomad: An engine of outstanding efficiency"
731:"Scania produces 4 ECO-point engine from Oct 2001"
97:, while other designs did not see production use.
643:
1315:
522:New Zealand Rolls-Royce & Bentley Club Inc
777:
358:: 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine built for
462:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
436:Stimson, Thomas E., Junior (February 1956).
287:to see mass production and widespread usage.
227:switched to a new 1.6 liter turbocharged V6
77:As this recovery process does not increase
784:
770:
429:
239:
232:electric motor in the car's powertrain.
137:
33:
435:
14:
1316:
765:
507:
482:Facts about the Wright Turbo Compound
475:
473:
81:, it has the effect of reducing the
95:Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
24:
581:E. E. Chatterton (22 April 1954).
515:"Rolls-Royce and the Sleeve Valve"
25:
1355:
583:"Napier Diesels: An RAeS Lecture"
470:
360:Mercedes-Benz Formula 1 programme
235:
122:introduction was the use of the
744:
723:
705:
524:(7–3): 15. 2007. Archived from
223:Starting with the 2014 season,
733:. Scania Group. Archived from
715:. Scania Group. Archived from
688:
671:
13:
1:
752:"The Turbo Compounding Boost"
422:
143:Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
72:Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
62:as found in many high-power
7:
438:"The Race of the Airliners"
385:
10:
1360:
1339:Internal combustion engine
133:
100:
1266:
1213:
1121:
1073:
1005:
996:
958:
803:
555:: 543–551. Archived from
220:in production from 1991.
83:specific fuel consumption
417:Electric turbo-compound
1324:Turbo-compound engines
925:Single-acting cylinder
858:Double-acting cylinder
713:"Scania Turbocompound"
310:Osa-class missile boat
245:
182:parts recovery turbine
150:
43:
793:Engine configurations
243:
141:
48:turbo-compound engine
37:
895:Oscillating cylinder
52:reciprocating engine
988:Two-and four-stroke
890:Intake over exhaust
719:on 30 January 2010.
531:on 6 December 2010.
495:on 16 February 2010
276:Wright Aeronautical
201:soon supplanted by
194:Rolls-Royce Griffon
737:on 7 August 2011.
625:. 16 December 2003
246:
151:
44:
1334:Engine technology
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1007:Inline / straight
905:Overhead camshaft
701:. Detroit Diesel.
684:. Detroit Diesel.
545:(30 April 1954).
442:Popular Mechanics
322:Renault Energy F1
190:Rolls-Royce Crecy
155:Rolls-Royce Crecy
16:(Redirected from
1351:
1003:
1002:
998:Cylinder layouts
786:
779:
772:
763:
762:
756:
755:
748:
742:
741:
727:
721:
720:
709:
703:
702:
700:
692:
686:
685:
683:
675:
669:
668:
663:
661:
649:
645:"Super Survivor"
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
618:
610:
604:
603:
601:
599:
587:
578:
572:
571:
569:
567:
561:
539:
533:
532:
530:
519:
511:
505:
504:
502:
500:
494:
487:
477:
468:
467:
461:
453:
451:
449:
433:
168:, including the
118:thrust. Another
79:fuel consumption
64:aircraft engines
21:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1262:
1209:
1117:
1069:
992:
954:
799:
790:
760:
759:
750:
749:
745:
729:
728:
724:
711:
710:
706:
698:
696:"DD15 Brochure"
694:
693:
689:
681:
677:
676:
672:
659:
657:
647:
642:
638:
628:
626:
616:
611:
607:
597:
595:
585:
579:
575:
565:
563:
562:on 5 March 2016
559:
540:
536:
528:
517:
513:
512:
508:
498:
496:
492:
485:
479:
478:
471:
455:
454:
447:
445:
434:
430:
425:
388:
341:as well as the
238:
145:Turbo-Compound
136:
124:Meredith effect
103:
54:that employs a
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1357:
1347:
1346:
1344:Piston engines
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
910:Overhead valve
907:
902:
900:Opposed-piston
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
876:
875:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
834:
833:
828:
818:
813:
807:
805:
801:
800:
797:piston engines
789:
788:
781:
774:
766:
758:
757:
743:
722:
704:
687:
670:
656:. 18 June 1997
636:
605:
573:
534:
506:
469:
427:
426:
424:
421:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
387:
384:
383:
382:
381:
380:
377:McLaren MP4-30
365:
364:
363:
356:Mercedes PU106
348:
347:
346:
327:
326:
325:
314:
313:
312:
300:
299:
298:
296:Dobrynin VD-4K
290:
289:
288:
273:
272:
271:
260:
259:
258:
257:
250:Detroit Diesel
237:
234:
214:Detroit Diesel
198:Allison V-1710
164:engines after
135:
132:
102:
99:
28:
18:Turbo-compound
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1356:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Turbochargers
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
995:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
960:Stroke cycles
957:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
874:
871:
870:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
782:
780:
775:
773:
768:
767:
764:
753:
747:
740:
736:
732:
726:
718:
714:
708:
697:
691:
680:
674:
667:
655:
654:
646:
640:
624:
623:
615:
609:
593:
592:
584:
577:
558:
554:
553:
548:
544:
543:Gunston, Bill
538:
527:
523:
516:
510:
491:
484:
483:
476:
474:
465:
459:
443:
439:
432:
428:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
378:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
361:
357:
354:
353:
352:
351:Mercedes-Benz
349:
344:
340:
339:Ferrari F14 T
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
311:
307:
304:
303:
301:
297:
294:
293:
291:
286:
282:
281:Wright R-3350
279:
278:
277:
274:
270:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
236:List of types
233:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:Napier Deltic
183:
179:
178:radial engine
175:
174:Wright R-3350
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
148:
147:radial engine
144:
140:
131:
127:
125:
121:
115:
113:
108:
98:
96:
92:
91:Douglas DC-7B
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
1289:Split-single
1075:Flat / boxer
935:Swing-piston
746:
738:
735:the original
725:
717:the original
707:
690:
673:
665:
658:. Retrieved
651:
639:
627:. Retrieved
620:
608:
596:. Retrieved
589:
576:
564:. Retrieved
557:the original
550:
537:
526:the original
521:
509:
497:. Retrieved
490:the original
481:
458:cite journal
446:. Retrieved
441:
431:
407:Turbocharger
402:Cogeneration
397:Turbosteamer
373:Honda RA615H
269:Napier Nomad
222:
211:
181:
170:Napier Nomad
166:World War II
159:
152:
128:
120:World War II
116:
104:
76:
70:, as on the
60:turbocharger
47:
45:
40:Napier Nomad
31:
26:
978:Five-stroke
973:Four-stroke
930:Split cycle
868:Free-piston
811:Atmospheric
660:19 February
629:19 February
598:19 February
566:19 February
499:19 February
448:19 February
412:Gas turbine
335:Ferrari 059
306:Zvezda M503
285:aero-engine
225:Formula One
112:exhaust gas
1318:Categories
983:Six-stroke
968:Two-stroke
885:Heron head
843:Cam engine
423:References
343:Sauber C33
68:crankshaft
444:: 113–118
292:Dobrynin
216:DD15 and
209:engines.
203:turboprop
915:Pentroof
863:Flathead
853:Compound
831:Rotative
392:Motorjet
386:See also
207:turbojet
172:and the
162:airplane
87:turbojet
1123:V / Vee
940:Uniflow
873:Stelzer
848:Camless
826:Cornish
754:. 2007.
682:(video)
330:Ferrari
317:Renault
302:Zvezda
229:formula
134:History
101:Concept
56:turbine
1284:Radial
1274:Deltic
920:Rotary
838:Bourke
679:"DD15"
653:Flight
622:Flight
591:Flight
552:Flight
264:Napier
218:Scania
196:, and
107:energy
1267:Other
950:Wedge
816:Axial
699:(PDF)
648:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
594:: 552
586:(PDF)
560:(PDF)
529:(PDF)
518:(PDF)
493:(PDF)
486:(PDF)
368:Honda
50:is a
945:Watt
880:Hemi
821:Beam
804:Type
795:for
662:2010
631:2010
600:2010
568:2010
501:2016
464:link
450:2016
255:DD15
205:and
93:and
38:The
1258:W30
1253:W24
1248:W18
1243:W16
1238:W12
1205:V24
1200:V20
1195:V18
1190:V16
1185:V14
1180:V12
1175:V10
1163:VR6
1151:VR5
1113:F16
1108:F12
1103:F10
1065:I14
1060:I12
1320::
1233:W8
1228:W6
1223:W3
1170:V8
1158:V6
1146:V5
1141:V4
1136:V3
1131:V2
1098:F8
1093:F6
1088:F4
1083:F2
1055:I9
1050:I8
1045:I7
1040:I6
1035:I5
1030:I4
1025:I3
1020:I2
1015:I1
664:.
650:.
619:.
588:.
549:.
520:.
472:^
460:}}
456:{{
440:.
192:,
188:,
46:A
1299:X
1294:U
1279:H
1215:W
785:e
778:t
771:v
633:.
602:.
570:.
503:.
466:)
452:.
379:.
362:.
345:.
149:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
