679:, continues the Fritz sub-line 8.Ne4 with 8...Qh4, from the famous game Estrin—Berliner, World Correspondence Championship 1965–68, eventually won by Black; this win was pivotal to Berliner's eventual championship victory. That game, which saw Black embark on a very sharp sacrificial path, continued 9.Ng3 Bg4 10.f3 e4 11.cxd4 Bd6 12.Bxb5+ Kd8 13.O-O exf3. IM / GMC Estrin later published, in 1971, the suggestion 14.Qb3!? as an improvement on the game continuation, and this possibility has continued to interest many players.
2591:
2584:
2528:
2514:
2493:
2486:
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2167:
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905:
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863:
821:
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793:
737:
272:
265:
202:
188:
174:
167:
104:
83:
2598:
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744:
279:
90:
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724:
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6027:
1047:
considered to be the main line of the Two
Knights Defense. After ten moves, White has developed only two pieces against Black's three pieces and pawns, but has an extra pawn as well as a better pawn structure. Both 11.d4 and 11.f4 have been tried here with no definitive conclusion. 10...Bc5 is a viable alternative for Black, as is 10...Qc7 (the Goring Variation).
1124:
4...Nxe4?! is considered unsound but must be handled carefully. 5.Nxe4 d5 poses no problems for Black. If 5.Nxf7? Qh4! 6.g3 (6.0-0 Bc5!) 6...Qh3 7.Nxh8 Qg2 8.Rf1 Nd4 9.Qh5+ g6 10.Nxg6 hxg6 11.Qxg6+ Kd8 and Black has dangerous threats. (Alternatively, after 5.Nxf7? Qh4! 6.g3, Black could play more
1114:
have played it occasionally even in top competition. No clear refutation is known. A tricky variation is 5.Bxf7+ Kf8!?, where Black plays for one last trick with 6.Bb3 d6 7.Nf7 Qe7. If White plays the seemingly standard 8.Nxh8??, Black is now winning after 8...Bg4!! 9.f3 Nxe4, making use of the
1046:
in the twentieth, can be played instead; Black may reply with 8...h6, 8...Rb8, or 8...Be7.) White then has a choice of retreats for the knight. The usual move here is 9.Nf3, after which Black obtains some initiative after 9...e4 10.Ne5 Bd6 (see diagram). This is the Knorre
Variation, and is
1224:
if Black responds 4...Bc5, but there are also independent variations after 4...Be7 or 4...h6. White tries to avoid the tactical battles that are common in other lines of the Two
Knights and to enter a more positional game. The resulting positions take on some characteristics of the
1038:
Attack (or Morphy
Variation), which has not been popular, since it has long been known that Black obtains good chances for the pawn with 6...h6 7.Nf3 e4 8.Qe2 Nxc4 9.dxc4 Bc5. (Bronstein once tried the piece sacrifice 8.dxe4!? with success, but its soundness is doubtful.)
1055:
led a second revival of 9.Nh3 in the 1990s, and today it is thought to be about equal in strength to the more common 9.Nf3. In addition to the moves 8.Be2 and 8.Qf3, the move 8.Bd3 is a valid alternative that has apparently become fashionable in recent years.
1125:
aggressively 6...Nxg3! 7.fxg3 Qe4+ 8.Qe2 Qxh1+ 9.Qf1 Qxf1+ 10.Kxf1 d5 11.Bxd5 Bh3+ 12.Ke1 Nb4 13.Bb3 Nxc2+ 14.Bxc2 Kxf7 with a distinct advantage of material for Black.) Correct is 5.Bxf7+! Ke7 6.d4! (6.d3 is also good) and now:
1180:
6.Nc3 gives White compensation if Black accepts the piece with 6...dxc3 7.Bxf7+ Kxf7 8.Qd5+ and then makes the intuitive move 8...Ke8?! Instead, 8...Kf6! has been analysed to offer Black a substantial edge with best play.
496:). Black allows White to attack his f7-pawn with 4.Ng5. If White does so, the game quickly takes on a tactical character: Black is practically forced to give up a pawn for the initiative. The complications are such that
527:, and the more solid 3...Bc5 is the most frequent reply, so the Two Knights Defense is infrequently seen. It remains popular with amateur players. The theory of this opening has been explored extensively in
1050:
Steinitz favored 9.Nh3 instead, although it did not bring him success in his famous 1891 cable match against
Chigorin. The Steinitz Variation was mostly forgotten until Fischer revived it in the 1960s.
500:
suggested that the term "defense" does not fit, and that the name "Chigorin
Counterattack" would be more appropriate. The Two Knights has been adopted as Black by many aggressive players including
1089:, who claimed to be first to analyze and publish it, so today 4...Bc5 is known as both the Traxler Variation and (in the United States and the United Kingdom only) the Wilkes-Barre Variation.
1042:
Instead, White usually plays 6.Bb5+, when play usually continues 6...c6 (6...Bd7 is also possible) 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Be2 h6. (The move 8.Qf3, popular in the nineteenth century and revived by
493:
474:
1267:, 4.Nc3 Nxe4 5.0-0. This gambit is not commonly seen in tournament play as it is not well regarded by opening theory, but it can offer White good practical chances, especially in
1192:
after 5...Bc5 6.e5 d5, which can also arise by transposition from the Giuoco Piano or Scotch Game. White can choose to avoid these lines by playing 5.e5, a line often adopted by
640:
The Fritz
Variation 5...Nd4 and Ulvestad's Variation 5...b5 are related as they share a common subvariation. American master Olav Ulvestad introduced 5...b5 in a 1941 article in
591:
After 4...d5 White has little option but to play 5.exd5, since both the bishop and e4-pawn are attacked. Then Black usually plays 5...Na5 but there are other options:
471:
1099:
5.Nxf7 is very complicated after 5...Bxf2+. The current main lines all are thought to lead to drawn or equal positions, e.g. after 6.Kxf2 Nxe4+ 7.Kg1, or even 7.Ke3.
668:
652:
to the Fritz
Variation with 6...Nd4, making another advantage of 6.Bf1 apparent; the bishop is not attacked as it would be if White had played 6.Be2. German master
465:
4573:
3749:
3710:
637:, but they are sometimes used in correspondence play. Lawrence Trent describes 5...Nxd5 as "a well-known bad move" (or words to that effect).
3778:
462:
5807:
1065:
3832:
5359:
3859:
3809:
5822:
5782:
5802:
5797:
4178:
5349:
1229:
if White plays c3 and retreats the bishop to c2 via Bc4–b3–c2. This move became popular in the 1980s and has been used by
1129:
6...d5 7.Nc3! (best, discovered by Soviet player
Lopukhin; White has a clear advantage) 7...Nxc3 8.bxc3 Qd6 (8...Bf5 9.Qf3
456:
5742:
5605:
5590:
5354:
4244:
4231:
4218:
648:
with 7.Nc3. Both replies 6.Bxb5 Qxd5 7.Bxc6+ Qxc6 and 6.dxc6 bxc4 7.Nc3 are weak for White. Black's best response is to
5880:
5345:
5340:
4201:
4668:
5817:
5717:
5610:
5575:
4141:
4119:
4096:
4078:
4046:
4008:
3962:
3666:
3635:
5787:
5777:
5695:
5580:
4330:
4325:
5772:
5762:
4278:
406:
3894:
1106:), as this poses Black the most problems. No grandmasters have regularly adopted the Wilkes-Barre as Black, but
6062:
5767:
5757:
5752:
4415:
4377:
5902:
5812:
5747:
5323:
5085:
4636:
4064:
1086:
3741:
1247:
The attempt to defend the pawn with 4.Nc3 does not work well since Black can take the pawn anyway and use a
1102:
White's best try for an advantage is probably 5.Bxf7+ Ke7 6.Bb3 (although 6.Bd5 was the move recommended by
453:
5161:
4641:
3148:
5916:
5865:
5570:
1115:
pinned f3-pawn. This pawn cannot capture the bishop as 10.fxg4?? Qh4+ 11.g3 Bf2+ wins by force for Black.
1185:
suggests declining the gambit with 6...Nxc3 7.bxc3 d5 8.Bb5 Be7 leading to a better position for Black.
488:
was extensively developed in the 19th century. Black's third move is a more aggressive defense than the
5989:
5967:
5875:
5860:
5519:
5471:
5466:
5456:
5124:
4802:
4646:
4030:
2717:
1082:
545:
2817:
2764:
596:
5921:
5855:
5705:
5600:
5595:
5444:
3718:
2770:
1251:
trick to regain the piece, 4.Nc3?! Nxe4! 5.Nxe4 d5. The try 5.Bxf7+? does not help, as Black has the
1137:
1130:
645:
626:
614:
1259:
and a better position after 5...Kxf7 6.Nxe4 d5. Instead, 4.Nc3 is usually played with the intent to
1140:) Kg8 11.Nbc3 dxe5 12. f5 Qf7 13.Nd5 Bd7 14.f6 g6 15.Ne7+! and White has excellent chances (Estrin).
631:
5897:
5870:
5712:
5429:
4822:
4817:
4774:
4673:
4250:
4237:
4224:
509:
4508:
6057:
6006:
5531:
5196:
4070:
1253:
629:
Kxf7 7.Qf3+ Ke6 8.Nc3. These variations are usually considered too difficult for Black to defend
577:
4542:
1173:
with 6.Re1 d5 7.Bxd5 Qxd5 8.Nc3, but Black has a comfortable position after 8...Qa5 or 8...Qh5.
5585:
5514:
4812:
4658:
4563:
4408:
4340:
3731:'Nunn's Chess Openings', publisher Everyman Chess, London 1999, section on Two Knights' Defense
662:
3770:
1198:
1167:
1159:
5722:
5645:
5526:
5226:
5221:
4908:
4631:
4590:
4372:
3998:
3687:
3316:
1221:
1151:
649:
583:. Despite Tarrasch's criticism, 4.Ng5 has remained a popular choice for White at all levels.
481:
1165:
simply by eliminating White's last center pawn with 5...Nxe4, after which White regains the
672:. White's best reply is 6.c3, when the game often continues 6...b5 7.Bf1 Nxd5 8.Ne4 or 8.h4.
5434:
5371:
5330:
5291:
5073:
5063:
4993:
4807:
4738:
4663:
4548:
4347:
4162:
4056:
3829:
1242:
1206:
528:
8:
5887:
5667:
5414:
5271:
5241:
5213:
5186:
5129:
5030:
4998:
4958:
4913:
4626:
4568:
4443:
4391:
4386:
4313:
4271:
4158:
1264:
1107:
520:
5424:
5994:
5892:
5635:
5439:
5080:
4968:
4931:
4580:
4448:
3849:
3799:
2851:
1035:
622:
610:
5977:
5850:
5662:
5620:
5546:
5498:
5481:
5461:
5313:
5251:
5191:
5166:
5013:
4978:
4973:
4953:
4941:
4784:
4752:
4718:
4698:
4535:
4529:
4490:
4357:
4197:
4174:
4137:
4129:
4115:
4092:
4074:
4042:
4004:
3958:
3662:
3631:
1193:
564:
5972:
5845:
5687:
5630:
5536:
5486:
5335:
5281:
5276:
5266:
5181:
5102:
5092:
5068:
5035:
4607:
4521:
4295:
3445:
1189:
644:. White has only one good reply: 6.Bf1!, protecting g2 so White can answer 6...Qxd5
501:
2716:
White must respond to the attack on the e-pawn. (For explanation of notation, see
5937:
5911:
5732:
5727:
5677:
5615:
5419:
5394:
5379:
5176:
5134:
5117:
5018:
4936:
4898:
4876:
4861:
4792:
4769:
4728:
4723:
4602:
4585:
4425:
3994:
3836:
3654:
1043:
657:
653:
497:
5201:
5112:
6036:
5952:
5700:
5541:
5404:
5399:
5236:
5231:
5097:
5055:
5025:
4854:
4797:
4685:
4653:
4619:
4612:
4597:
4558:
4553:
4480:
4475:
4320:
4264:
4193:
4111:
3854:
3804:
1182:
1103:
666:. In 1907 Fritz himself wrote an article about his move in the Swedish journal
6051:
6011:
6001:
5984:
5657:
5640:
5562:
5451:
5409:
5389:
5171:
5153:
5144:
5107:
5040:
4963:
4948:
4903:
4886:
4881:
4871:
4703:
4465:
4403:
4060:
3682:
1111:
1074:
1071:
676:
618:
600:
532:
516:
445:
6031:
5957:
5942:
5672:
5493:
5476:
5384:
5318:
5261:
5256:
4988:
4983:
4923:
4866:
4757:
4713:
4485:
4470:
4460:
4396:
4362:
4335:
4303:
4018:
3954:
1248:
1096:
After 5.d4 d5!, White's best move is 6.Bxd5, reapplying the pressure on f7.
1070:
This bold move ignores White's attack on f7 and leads to wild play. Czech
605:
572:
536:
489:
485:
428:
5306:
5296:
5045:
5008:
4891:
4502:
4497:
4455:
4308:
4170:
4157:
4038:
1268:
1052:
1031:
512:
1204:
reply, but most common and natural is 5...d5 6.Bb5 Ne4 7.Nxd4 Bc5, with
632:
575:
called it "primitive", but this attack on f7 practically wins a pawn by
5947:
5003:
4839:
4829:
4762:
4746:
4438:
505:
4509:
3693:
Fischer's analysis of this line is in game 45, Fischer - Bisguier 1963
1220:
The quiet move 4.d3, the Modern Bishop's
Opening, transposes into the
5962:
5286:
5246:
4849:
4844:
4733:
4708:
4433:
3902:
1254:
1230:
1226:
578:
524:
5840:
603:
tried to bolster this move with analysis in 1943 and 1944 issues of
5650:
4693:
1199:
1168:
1160:
4367:
1152:
4834:
3742:"Italian Game: Knight Attack, Polerio Defense - Chess Openings"
1260:
1207:
1078:
484:(c. 1550 – c. 1610) in the late 16th century, this line of the
4287:
1212:
play. The tricky 5.Ng5?! is best met by 5...d5! 6.exd5 Qe7+!
4352:
2729:
4134:
Knaurs Neues Schachbuch für Anfänger und Fortgeschrittene
6026:
4256:
1188:
Alternatively, Black can enter the extensively analyzed
1133:; 8...e4 9.f3!) 9.a4! Kd8 10.Bg8! Ke8 11.Bxh7± (Estrin).
675:
The Berliner Variation, named in honor of IM / GMC Dr.
1136:
6...h6 7.Nxe4 Kxf7 and now 8.dxe5 Qe8 9.f4 d6 10.0-0 (
609:, but White gets a strong attack with either the safe
4128:
1034:would play to hold the gambit pawn with 6.d3, the
1025:Main line of Two Knights Defense, after 10...Bd6
6049:
4029:
3993:
2356:
1995:
1648:
1280:
1236:
1215:
684:
30:
4187:
3923:
3921:
3919:
660:, who wrote about the idea in a 1904 issue of
621:thought to be very strong, or the sacrificial
4272:
3935:
3933:
3850:"J. Reinisch vs. Karel Traxler, Hostoun 1890"
1274:
1196:. After 5.e5, either 5...Ne4 or 5...Ng4 is a
1059:
3800:"Bronstein vs. Rojahn, Moscow Olympiad 1956"
1157:rapidly with 4.d4 exd4 5.0-0. Now Black can
4105:
4055:
3916:
3649:
3647:
4279:
4265:
3930:
1066:Two Knights Defense, Traxler Counterattack
4246:The Kibitzer: Two Knights Defense, Part 3
4233:The Kibitzer: Two Knights Defense, Part 2
4220:The Kibitzer: Two Knights Defense, Part 1
3951:Bologan's Black Weapons in the Open Games
3653:
3625:
1092:White can play 5.d4, 5.Nxf7, or 5.Bxf7+:
3644:
3948:
2590:
2583:
2527:
2513:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2408:
2229:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2131:
2068:
2047:
1868:
1861:
1826:
1784:
1777:
1763:
1721:
1700:
1521:
1514:
1444:
1437:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1332:
904:
897:
862:
820:
813:
799:
792:
736:
271:
264:
201:
187:
173:
166:
103:
82:
6050:
4017:
3892:
2597:
2415:
2236:
2054:
1875:
1707:
1528:
1339:
911:
743:
278:
89:
4260:
3927:Harding & Botterill (1977), p. 66
3675:
2611:
2604:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2520:
2506:
2499:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2401:
2392:
2250:
2243:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2138:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2061:
2040:
2031:
1889:
1882:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1770:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1714:
1693:
1684:
1542:
1535:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1430:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1325:
1316:
925:
918:
890:
883:
876:
869:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
806:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
729:
720:
567:called 4.Ng5 "a real duffer's move" (
292:
285:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
222:
215:
208:
194:
180:
159:
152:
145:
138:
131:
124:
117:
110:
96:
75:
66:
4003:. Random House Puzzles & Games.
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
1030:After 5...Na5, the Polerio Defense,
586:
3977:Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 262.
3879:Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 448.
3681:
13:
4151:
2758:Traxler or Wilkes-Barre Variation
1642:Traxler or Wilkes-Barre Variation
1081:in 1890. Later it was named after
553:
14:
6074:
4211:
3895:"New in Chess Year book issue 65"
3696:
656:(1857–1932) suggested 5...Nd4 to
623:Fried Liver (or Fegatello) Attack
6025:
5696:List of strong chess tournaments
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2394:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2033:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
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749:
742:
735:
728:
722:
523:play, 3.Bc4 is less common than
291:
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256:
249:
242:
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228:
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207:
200:
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81:
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68:
4669:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
3971:
3942:
3886:
3873:
3862:from the original on 2019-03-13
3842:
3839:, C59: Club Aranjuez de Ajedrez
3812:from the original on 2007-12-15
3781:from the original on 2022-07-26
3752:from the original on 2023-01-05
4025:(English ed.). Chess Ltd.
3823:
3792:
3763:
3734:
3725:
3619:
2725:1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6
1243:Four Knights Game § 4.Bc4
1237:Four Knights Variation: 4.Nc3
1216:Modern Bishop's Opening: 4.d3
1077:played it against Reinisch in
571:) and Soviet opening theorist
1:
5794:Computer chess championships
4066:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4000:Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14
3901:. Chess Books. Archived from
3613:
448:that begins with the moves:
7:
5571:Bishop and knight checkmate
4230:Harding, Tim (April 2001).
4217:Harding, Tim (March 2001).
4033:; Botterill, G. S. (1977).
3570:
3529:
3488:
3444:
3403:
3362:
3315:
3274:
3233:
3191:
3147:
3106:
3064:
3022:
2980:
2938:
2896:
2850:
2805:
2757:
1119:
1060:Traxler Variation: 4...Bc5
400:1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6
10:
6079:
5739:Other world championships
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2718:chess opening theory table
1275:Chess opening theory table
1240:
1083:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
1063:
541:
6020:
5930:
5833:
5686:
5581:Opposite-coloured bishops
5561:
5507:
5370:
5212:
5152:
5143:
5054:
4922:
4783:
4684:
4520:
4424:
4294:
4286:
4243:Harding, Tim (May 2001).
3661:. Dover. pp. 60–61.
2350:Boden–Kieseritzky Gambit
424:
416:
404:
396:
27:
5713:World Chess Championship
4674:World Chess Hall of Fame
4089:New in Chess Yearbook 55
4023:The Two Knights' Defence
3949:Bologan, Victor (2014).
3192:Modern Bishop's Opening
3149:Boden–Kieseritzky Gambit
1265:Boden–Kieseritzky Gambit
569:ein richtiger Stümperzug
558:
548:to describe chess moves.
6007:Simultaneous exhibition
5917:Chess newspaper columns
5606:Rook and bishop vs rook
5591:Queen and pawn vs queen
4190:The Two Knights Defence
4188:Tait, Jonathan (2004).
4167:The Two Knights Defense
4108:The Two Knights Defence
4071:Oxford University Press
3979:Modern Bishop's Opening
3628:The Two Knights Defence
1144:
5457:Richter–Veresov Attack
5445:Queen's Indian Defence
4091:. New in Chess. 2000.
3881:Wilkes-Barre variation
3711:"Two Knight's Defence"
663:Deutsche Schachzeitung
595:The recapture 5...Nxd5
6063:16th century in chess
5723:Candidates Tournament
5611:Rook and pawn vs rook
5576:King and pawn vs king
5527:List of chess gambits
5430:King's Indian Defence
5108:Isolated Queen's Pawn
4632:List of chess players
4574:Top player comparison
4373:Internet chess server
4163:Mikhalchishin, Adrian
3893:Elburg, John (2002).
3830:Chess Openings Viewer
3688:My 60 Memorable Games
1241:Further information:
482:Giulio Cesare Polerio
5435:Nimzo-Indian Defence
5331:Scandinavian Defense
5292:Semi-Italian Opening
5197:King's Indian Attack
5086:first-move advantage
4739:Threefold repetition
4664:Bobby Fischer Center
4549:Charlemagne chessmen
4543:Göttingen manuscript
4507:
4348:Correspondence chess
4159:Beliavsky, Alexander
4106:Pinski, Jan (2003).
3939:Estrin (1971), p. 67
1263:the e-pawn with the
1252:
1205:
1197:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1149:White can choose to
669:Tidskrift för Schack
630:
599:is extremely risky.
576:
529:correspondence chess
5668:Two knights endgame
5415:Bogo-Indian Defence
5302:Two Knights Defense
5242:Nimzowitsch Defence
4932:Artificial castling
4569:Soviet chess school
4444:Dubrovnik chess set
3953:. The Netherlands:
3023:Ulvestad Variation
2981:Steinitz Variation
2897:Kieseritzky Attack
1108:Alexander Beliavsky
531:by players such as
438:Two Knights Defense
24:
23:Two Knights Defense
5898:endgame literature
5440:Old Indian Defense
5350:Accelerated Dragon
5222:Alekhine's Defence
4954:Checkmate patterns
4823:symbols in Unicode
4818:annotation symbols
4581:Geography of chess
4449:Staunton chess set
4130:Unzicker, Wolfgang
4039:B. T. Batsford Ltd
3835:2016-03-04 at the
3775:www.chessgames.com
3715:chessbase-shop.com
3626:Y. Estrin (1983).
3320:(by transposition)
2852:Fried Liver Attack
587:Main line: 4...d5
546:algebraic notation
544:This article uses
480:First recorded by
22:
6045:
6044:
5922:Chess periodicals
5851:Chess in the arts
5783:Chess composition
5621:Philidor position
5557:
5556:
5499:Trompowsky Attack
5482:Semi-Slav Defence
5372:Queen's Pawn Game
5252:Four Knights Game
5227:Caro–Kann Defence
5192:Zukertort Opening
4979:Discovered attack
4699:Cheating in chess
4536:Versus de scachis
4253:). Chesscafe.com.
4240:). Chesscafe.com.
4227:). Chesscafe.com.
4180:978-0-7134-8441-0
4136:. Droemer Knaur.
3899:Chessbook Reviews
3771:"POLERIO DEFENSE"
3611:
3610:
3317:Giuoco Pianissimo
2711:Max Lange Attack
2709:
2708:
2348:
2347:
1987:
1986:
1640:
1639:
1222:Giuoco Pianissimo
1178:Nakhmanson Gambit
1023:
1022:
565:Siegbert Tarrasch
440:(also called the
434:
433:
420:Late 16th century
390:
389:
6070:
6032:Chess portal
6030:
6029:
5973:Leela Chess Zero
5904:Oxford Companion
5856:early literature
5846:Chess aesthetics
5586:Pawnless endgame
5537:Bongcloud Attack
5515:List of openings
5487:Chigorin Defense
5425:Grünfeld Defence
5336:Sicilian Defence
5282:Ponziani Opening
5277:Philidor Defence
5272:Petrov's Defence
5214:King's Pawn Game
5187:Larsen's Opening
5150:
5149:
4511:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4207:
4184:
4147:
4125:
4102:
4084:
4069:(2nd ed.).
4052:
4035:The Italian Game
4026:
4014:
3995:de Firmian, Nick
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3732:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3717:. Archived from
3707:
3694:
3692:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3655:Bronstein, David
3651:
3642:
3641:
3623:
3446:Max Lange Attack
3321:
3065:Fritz Variation
2730:
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1190:Max Lange Attack
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502:Mikhail Chigorin
442:Prussian Defense
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6016:
5926:
5912:Chess libraries
5829:
5733:FIDE Grand Prix
5728:Chess World Cup
5682:
5678:Wrong rook pawn
5616:Lucena position
5553:
5503:
5420:Catalan Opening
5395:English Defence
5380:Budapest Gambit
5366:
5324:Austrian Attack
5208:
5177:English Opening
5139:
5135:School of chess
5118:Minority attack
5050:
5019:Queen sacrifice
4918:
4779:
4775:White and Black
4770:Touch-move rule
4729:Perpetual check
4724:Fifty-move rule
4680:
4516:
4513:
4420:
4290:
4285:
4214:
4204:
4181:
4154:
4152:Further reading
4144:
4122:
4099:
4087:
4081:
4049:
4011:
3985:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3957:. p. 450.
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3908:
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3891:
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3847:
3843:
3837:Wayback Machine
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2100:
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1044:Efim Bogoljubow
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658:Carl Schlechter
654:Alexander Fritz
636:
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582:
561:
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554:Main variations
551:
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510:world champions
498:David Bronstein
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20:
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12:
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6060:
6058:Chess openings
6043:
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5953:Chess composer
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5808:North American
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5701:Chess Olympiad
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5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5547:Scholar's mate
5544:
5539:
5529:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5462:Queen's Gambit
5459:
5454:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5405:Benoni Defence
5400:Indian Defence
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5376:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5343:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5316:
5314:Owen's Defence
5311:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5244:
5239:
5237:Modern Defence
5234:
5232:French Defence
5229:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5167:Bird's Opening
5164:
5158:
5156:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5098:Pawn structure
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4942:Alekhine's gun
4934:
4928:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4855:Half-open file
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4798:Chess notation
4795:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4755:
4753:Pawn promotion
4750:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4656:
4654:Women in chess
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4564:Hypermodernism
4561:
4559:Romantic chess
4556:
4554:Lewis chessmen
4551:
4546:
4539:
4526:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4392:world rankings
4384:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4321:Computer chess
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4241:
4228:
4213:
4212:External links
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:978-1857442830
4202:
4194:Everyman Chess
4185:
4179:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4142:
4126:
4120:
4112:Everyman Chess
4103:
4097:
4085:
4079:
4061:Whyld, Kenneth
4053:
4047:
4027:
4015:
4009:
3984:
3983:
3970:
3963:
3941:
3929:
3915:
3885:
3872:
3855:Chessgames.com
3841:
3822:
3805:Chessgames.com
3791:
3762:
3733:
3724:
3721:on 2011-11-29.
3695:
3683:Fischer, Bobby
3674:
3667:
3659:200 Open Games
3643:
3636:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3568:
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3560:
3555:
3550:
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3478:
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3409:
3404:
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3327:
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3305:
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3264:
3259:
3254:
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3117:
3112:
3107:
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2807:
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2800:
2795:
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2649:
2645:
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2641:
2637:
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2633:
2629:
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2625:
2621:
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2617:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
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2256:
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2206:
2199:
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2185:
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2094:
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2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1976:
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1970:
1967:
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1961:
1958:
1955:
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1951:
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1946:
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1911:
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1299:
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1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1238:
1235:
1217:
1214:
1183:Victor Bologan
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1104:Lawrence Trent
1100:
1097:
1087:Frank Marshall
1064:Main article:
1061:
1058:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
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987:
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923:
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909:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
721:
719:
715:
714:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
683:
682:
681:
680:
673:
638:
633:over the board
588:
585:
563:German master
560:
557:
555:
552:
543:
542:
478:
477:
468:
459:
432:
431:
426:
422:
421:
418:
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413:
410:
402:
401:
398:
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393:
388:
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385:
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379:
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364:
361:
358:
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341:
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333:
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325:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
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301:
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283:
276:
269:
262:
255:
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234:
227:
220:
213:
206:
199:
192:
185:
178:
171:
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157:
150:
143:
136:
129:
122:
115:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:
67:
65:
61:
60:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
37:
34:
29:
28:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6075:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6013:
6012:Solving chess
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6002:Chess prodigy
6000:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5985:Chess problem
5983:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5893:opening books
5891:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5881:short stories
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:Art and media
5832:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
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5744:
5741:
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5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
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5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:triangulation
5644:
5642:
5641:Tarrasch rule
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5601:Queen vs rook
5599:
5597:
5596:Queen vs pawn
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5452:London System
5450:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:Modern Benoni
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5390:Dutch Defence
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5267:King's Gambit
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5182:Grob's Attack
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5172:Dunst Opening
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:Benko Opening
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5154:Flank opening
5151:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4909:Transposition
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
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4659:Chess museums
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4655:
4652:
4648:
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4627:Notable games
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4609:
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4416:World records
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4389:
4388:
4387:Rating system
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4145:
4143:3-426-02242-7
4139:
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4131:
4127:
4123:
4121:1-85744-283-0
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4098:90-5691-069-8
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4080:0-19-280049-3
4076:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4057:Hooper, David
4054:
4050:
4048:0-7134-3261-6
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4019:Estrin, Yakov
4016:
4012:
4010:0-8129-3084-3
4006:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3980:
3974:
3966:
3964:9789056915438
3960:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3936:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3905:on 2010-09-24
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3668:0-486-26857-8
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3637:0-7134-3991-2
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2808:
2806:Lolli Attack
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2028:
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2024:
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2018:
2015:
2012:
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1983:
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1128:
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1113:
1112:Alexei Shirov
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:Karel Traxler
1073:
1067:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1019:
1016:
1013:
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717:
716:
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701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
687:
686:
678:
677:Hans Berliner
674:
671:
670:
665:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:
624:
620:
619:Bobby Fischer
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
601:Albert Pinkus
598:
594:
593:
592:
584:
581:
574:
570:
566:
547:
540:
538:
534:
533:Hans Berliner
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:Boris Spassky
514:
511:
507:
503:
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495:
491:
487:
483:
476:
473:
469:
467:
464:
460:
458:
455:
451:
450:
449:
447:
446:chess opening
443:
439:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
409:
408:
403:
399:
395:
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383:
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299:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
41:
38:
35:
33:
32:
26:
19:Chess opening
16:Chess opening
5958:Chess engine
5943:Chess boxing
5903:
5673:Wrong bishop
5520:theory table
5494:Torre Attack
5477:Slav Defence
5385:Colle System
5360:Scheveningen
5319:Pirc Defence
5301:
5262:Italian Game
5257:Giuoco Piano
5202:Réti Opening
5125:Piece values
5113:Maróczy Bind
5074:the exchange
5064:Compensation
4994:Interference
4984:Double check
4758:Time control
4745:
4719:by agreement
4647:grandmasters
4591:South Africa
4541:
4534:
4510:Score sheets
4456:Chess pieces
4363:Online chess
4309:Chess titles
4304:Chess theory
4245:
4232:
4219:
4189:
4166:
4133:
4107:
4088:
4065:
4034:
4031:Harding, Tim
4022:
3999:
3988:Bibliography
3987:
3986:
3978:
3973:
3955:New in Chess
3950:
3944:
3907:. Retrieved
3903:the original
3898:
3888:
3880:
3875:
3864:. Retrieved
3853:
3844:
3825:
3814:. Retrieved
3803:
3794:
3783:. Retrieved
3774:
3765:
3754:. Retrieved
3745:
3736:
3727:
3719:the original
3714:
3686:
3677:
3658:
3630:. Batsford.
3627:
3621:
2724:
2715:
1246:
1233:and others.
1219:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1148:
1123:
1091:
1069:
1049:
1041:
1029:
667:
661:
642:Chess Review
641:
606:Chess Review
604:
590:
573:Vasily Panov
568:
562:
537:Yakov Estrin
519:. In modern
490:Giuoco Piano
486:Italian Game
479:
441:
437:
435:
429:Italian Game
405:
5888:Chess books
5688:Tournaments
5542:Fool's mate
5307:Vienna Game
5297:Scotch Game
5130:Prophylaxis
5046:Zwischenzug
5031:Undermining
4999:Overloading
4959:Combination
4808:descriptive
4503:Chess table
4498:Chess clock
4314:Grandmaster
1269:blitz chess
1255:bishop pair
1053:Nigel Short
1036:Kieseritzky
1032:Paul Morphy
613:Attack 6.d4
521:grandmaster
513:Mikhail Tal
6052:Categories
5995:joke chess
5948:Chess club
5636:opposition
5093:Middlegame
5081:Initiative
5004:Pawn storm
4969:Deflection
4840:Key square
4830:Fianchetto
4763:Fast chess
4747:En passant
4439:chessboard
3909:2010-04-30
3866:2019-03-24
3816:2005-11-19
3785:2022-07-26
3756:2022-07-26
3614:References
2939:Main Line
1989:Main Line
1194:Sveshnikov
1072:problemist
506:Paul Keres
5978:Stockfish
5968:Deep Blue
5963:AlphaZero
5871:paintings
5663:Tablebase
5627:Strategy
5532:Irregular
5287:Ruy Lopez
5247:Open Game
5014:Sacrifice
4974:Desperado
4877:connected
4850:Open file
4845:King walk
4803:algebraic
4734:Stalemate
4709:Checkmate
4434:Chess set
4426:Equipment
4063:(1996) .
3746:Chess.com
3657:(1991) .
1231:John Nunn
1227:Ruy Lopez
1176:The wild
650:transpose
6037:Category
5990:glossary
5651:Zugzwang
5631:fortress
5563:Endgames
5472:Declined
5467:Accepted
5145:Openings
5103:Hedgehog
5069:Exchange
5056:Strategy
5036:Windmill
4887:isolated
4872:backward
4694:Castling
4637:amateurs
4530:Timeline
4404:Variants
4358:Glossary
4341:software
4326:glossary
4171:Batsford
4165:(1999).
4132:(1975).
4021:(1971).
3997:(1999).
3860:Archived
3833:Archived
3810:Archived
3779:Archived
3750:Archived
1200:playable
1169:material
1161:equalize
1120:4...Nxe4
617:, which
5938:Arbiter
5931:Related
5788:Solving
5778:Amateur
5355:Najdorf
4937:Battery
4924:Tactics
4899:Swindle
4882:doubled
4862:Outpost
4793:Blunder
4608:Armenia
4522:History
4368:Premove
4336:engines
4331:matches
4296:Outline
3111:Nxe4?!
1153:develop
494:3...Bc5
444:) is a
412:C55–C59
5876:poetry
5866:novels
5841:Caïssa
5773:Senior
5763:Junior
5346:Dragon
5341:Alapin
5026:Skewer
4892:passed
4835:Gambit
4642:female
4603:Europe
4586:Africa
4481:Knight
4476:Bishop
4200:
4177:
4140:
4118:
4095:
4077:
4045:
4007:
3961:
3665:
3634:
3114:Bxf7+!
2866:Nxf7!?
1261:gambit
1079:Prague
625:6.Nxf7
508:, and
425:Parent
417:Origin
5823:WCSCC
5768:Youth
5758:Blitz
5753:Rapid
5743:Women
5706:Women
5658:Study
5508:Other
5041:X-ray
4964:Decoy
4949:Block
4904:Tempo
4867:Pawns
4785:Terms
4704:Check
4686:Rules
4620:India
4613:Spain
4598:China
4491:Fairy
4466:Queen
4397:norms
4288:Chess
3467:dxc4
3423:Qxd5
3413:Nxe4
3367:exd4
3284:Nxd5
3279:d5!?
3160:Nxc3
3155:Nxe4
3126:Nxc3
3085:Nxd5
3043:Nxd5
2959:bxc6
2922:Nxc4
2868:Kxf7
2769:Bxf7+
1208:sharp
611:Lolli
579:force
559:4.Ng5
525:3.Bb5
397:Moves
5861:film
5818:WCCC
5813:TCEC
5803:CSVN
5748:Team
5718:List
4989:Fork
4914:Trap
4714:Draw
4486:Pawn
4471:Rook
4461:King
4409:List
4378:list
4353:FIDE
4198:ISBN
4175:ISBN
4138:ISBN
4116:ISBN
4093:ISBN
4075:ISBN
4043:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3959:ISBN
3663:ISBN
3632:ISBN
3580:Ng4
3575:...
3539:Ne4
3534:...
3508:Bc5
3506:Nxd4
3503:Ne4
3493:...
3482:Qf5
3477:Qd5
3472:Be6
3470:Re1+
3465:exf6
3457:Bc5
3452:...
3421:Bxd5
3408:...
3382:Bc5
3380:Nxd4
3377:Ne4
3326:Bc5
3282:exd5
3197:Be7
3170:Nd8
3165:Qe7
3163:dxc3
3139:Bg8!
3136:Kd8
3131:Qd6
3129:bxc3
3124:Nc3!
3116:Ke7
3083:Bf1!
3075:Nd4
3070:...
3038:Nd4
3036:Bf1!
3028:...
3006:...
3001:...
2996:...
2991:...
2986:...
2957:dxc6
2952:Bb5+
2949:...
2944:...
2927:Bc5
2925:dxc4
2907:Na5
2902:...
2873:Ke6
2871:Qf3+
2863:...
2858:...
2816:Nxd5
2814:exd5
2777:Bb3!
2774:Ke7
1249:fork
1145:4.d4
1110:and
535:and
515:and
504:and
436:The
5798:CCC
5009:Pin
4813:PGN
4251:PDF
4238:PDF
4225:PDF
3578:...
3573:...
3537:...
3532:...
3501:Bb5
3498:d5
3491:...
3480:Nc3
3475:Ng5
3462:d5
3455:...
3450:...
3426:Nc3
3418:d5
3416:Re1
3411:0-0
3406:...
3375:Bb5
3372:d5
3324:...
3277:...
3238:h6
3236:...
3168:Ng5
3158:0-0
3153:Nc3
3134:a4!
3121:d5
3119:d4!
3109:...
3088:Ne4
3080:b5
3073:...
3068:...
3046:Ne4
3033:b5
3031:...
3026:...
3009:Nh3
3004:...
2999:...
2994:...
2989:...
2984:...
2972:Ne5
2969:e4
2967:Nf3
2964:h6
2962:Be2
2954:c6
2947:...
2942:...
2920:Qe2
2917:e4
2915:Nf3
2912:h6
2905:...
2900:...
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