Knight - Knowledge

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on men's Clothes, and by a resolute sally, forced the Moors to raise the Siege. The Earl, finding himself obliged, by the gallentry of the action, thought fit to make his acknowlegements thereof, by granting them several Privileges and Immunities, and to perpetuate the memory of so signal an attempt, instituted an Order, somewhat like a Military Order, into which were admitted only those Brave Women, deriving the honour to their Descendants, and assigned them for a Badge, a thing like a Fryars Capouche, sharp at the top, after the form of a Torch, and of a crimson colour, to be worn upon their Head-clothes. He also ordained, that at all publick meetings, the women should have precedence of the Men. That they should be exempted from all Taxes, and that all the Apparel and Jewels, though of never so great value, left by their dead Husbands, should be their own. These Women having thus acquired this Honour by their personal Valour, carried themselves after the Military Knights of those days.

2006: 3030: 2229: 119: 3308: 1602: 2379: 1058: 9005: 82: 1125: 2890: 1054:, and would continue to do so for centuries afterwards. Although in some nations the knight returned to foot combat in the 14th century, the association of the knight with mounted combat with a spear, and later a lance, remained a strong one. The older Carolingian ceremony of presenting a young man with weapons influenced the emergence of knighthood ceremonies, in which a noble would be ritually given weapons and declared to be a knight, usually amid some festivities. 9270: 8143: 1739: 3780: 3408: 3623:(GCSI) in 1861, at the foundation of the order. Her daughter received the same honor in 1872, as well as her granddaughter in 1910. The order was open to "princes and chiefs" without distinction of gender. The first European woman to have been granted an order of knighthood was Queen Mary, when she was made a Knight Grand Commander of the same order, by special statute, in celebration of the Delhi Durbar of 1911. She was also granted a 2837: 8998: 1456: 3719: 9280: 2365:" (the latter is not a title, but a Dutch honorific to show that someone belongs to the untitled nobility). The collective term for its holders in a certain locality is the Ridderschap (e.g. Ridderschap van Holland, Ridderschap van Friesland, etc.). In the Netherlands no female equivalent exists. Before 1814, the history of nobility is separate for each of the eleven provinces that make up the 9012: 3796: 3331:, on being appointed to a degree of knighthood, does not received the accolade. He receives the insignia of his honour and may place the appropriate letters after his name or title but he may not be called Sir and his wife may not be called Lady. This custom is not observed in Australia and New Zealand, where knighted Anglican clergymen routinely use the title "Sir". 1587:. The early Crusades helped to clarify the moral code of chivalry as it related to religion. As a result, Christian armies began to devote their efforts to sacred purposes. As time passed, clergy instituted religious vows which required knights to use their weapons chiefly for the protection of the weak and defenseless, especially women and orphans, and of churches. 3710:

militissa), Du Cange notes that still in his day (17th century), the female canons of the canonical monastery of St. Gertrude in Nivelles (Brabant), after a probation of 3 years, are made knights (militissae) at the altar, by a (male) knight called in for that purpose, who gives them the accolade with a sword and pronounces the usual words.

1439:, and sometimes at the wedding of a noble or royal. The knighting ceremony usually involved a ritual bath on the eve of the ceremony and a prayer vigil during the night. On the day of the ceremony, the would-be knight would swear an oath and the master of the ceremony would dub the new knight on the shoulders with a sword. Squires, and even 1264:) in return for their loyalty, protection, and service. The nobles also provided their knights with necessities, such as lodging, food, armour, weapons, horses, and money. The knight generally held his lands by military tenure which was measured through military service that usually lasted 40 days a year. The military service was the 3673:(1772–1859), who fought in the Revolutionary Wars, received a military disability pension in 1798, the rank of 2nd lieutenant in 1822, and the Legion of Honor in 1852. A recipient of the Ordre National du Mérite recently requested from the order's Chancery the permission to call herself "chevalière," and the request was granted. 1077:. These were given to the captains directly by the Emperor to reward their efforts in the conquests, and they in turn were to grant benefices to their warrior contingents, who were a mix of free and unfree men. In the century or so following Charlemagne's death, his newly empowered warrior class grew stronger still, and 1637:. In this competition, two knights charge each other with blunt wooden lances in an effort to break their lance on the opponent's head or body or unhorse them completely. The loser in these tournaments had to turn his armour and horse over to the victor. The last day was filled with feasting, dancing and 1347:, and academic studies with priests or chaplains. Pages then become assistants to older knights in battle, carrying and cleaning armour, taking care of the horses, and packing the baggage. They would accompany the knights on expeditions, even into foreign lands. Older pages were instructed by knights in 3533:

which remains Poland's most prestigious order of that kind. The head of state (now the President as the acting Grand Master) confers knighthoods of the order to distinguished citizens, foreign monarchs and other heads of state. The order has its chapter. There were no particular honorifics that would

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almost from the start. In all, 68 women were appointed between 1358 and 1488, including all consorts. Though many were women of royal blood, or wives of knights of the Garter, some women were neither. They wore the garter on the left arm, and some are shown on their tombstones with this arrangement.

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was disrespected or challenged and the conflict could not be resolved in court. Weapons were standardized and must be of the same caliber. The duel lasted until the other party was too weak to fight back and in early cases, the defeated party were then subsequently executed. Examples of these brutal

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The inhabitants being at length reduced to great streights, desired relief of the Earl, but he, being not in a condition to give them any, they entertained some thoughts of making a surrender. Which the Women hearing of, to prevent the disaster threatening their City, themselves, and Children, put

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the monarchs tried to establish chivalric orders, but the hereditary lords who controlled the Union did not agree and managed to ban such assemblies. They feared the king would use orders to gain support for absolutist goals and to make formal distinctions among the peerage, which could lead to its

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became a model of the ideal virtues of nobility. Castiglione's tale took the form of a discussion among the nobility of the court of the Duke of Urbino, in which the characters determine that the ideal knight should be renowned not only for his bravery and prowess in battle, but also as a skilled

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in 864, largely moving away from the infantry-based traditional armies and calling upon all men who could afford it to answer calls to arms on horseback to quickly repel the constant and wide-ranging Viking attacks, which is considered the beginnings of the period of knights that were to become so

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From roughly 1560, purely honorific orders were established, as a way to confer prestige and distinction, unrelated to military service and chivalry in the more narrow sense. Such orders were particularly popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, and knighthood continues to be conferred in various

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At the initiative of Catherine Baw in 1441, and 10 years later of Elizabeth, Mary, and Isabella of the house of Hornes, orders were founded which were open exclusively to women of noble birth, who received the French title of chevalière or the Latin title of equitissa. In his Glossarium (s.v.

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Armies of the time started adopting a more realistic approach to warfare than the honor-bound code of chivalry. Soon, the remaining knights were absorbed into professional armies. Although they had a higher rank than most soldiers because of their valuable lineage, they lost their distinctive

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that were faster to train, cheaper to equip, and easier to mobilize. The advancement of high-powered firearms contributed greatly to the decline in use of plate armour, as the time it took to train soldiers with guns was much less compared to that of the knight. The cost of equipment was also

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historically bestowed hereditary knighthoods to holders of the highest ranks in the Royal Orders. Today, the head of the Royal House of Portugal Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, bestows hereditary knighthoods for extraordinary acts of sacrifice and service to the Royal House. There are very few

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Knights were expected, above all, to fight bravely and to display military professionalism and courtesy. When knights were taken as prisoners of war, they were customarily held for ransom in somewhat comfortable surroundings. This same standard of conduct did not apply to non-knights

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It was not always necessary to be the wife of a knight in order to take this title. Sometimes, when some male fiefs were conceded by special privilege to women, they took the rank of chevaleresse, as one sees plainly in Hemricourt where women who were not wives of knights are called

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In peacetime, knights often demonstrated their martial skills in tournaments, which usually took place on the grounds of a castle. Knights could parade their armour and banner to the whole court as the tournament commenced. Medieval tournaments were made up of martial sports called

1692:, a knight or a group of knights would claim a bridge, lane or city gate, and challenge other passing knights to fight or be disgraced. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way. 3195:, and the award of their highest ranks (Knight/Dame Commander and Knight/Dame Grand Cross), comes together with an honorific knighthood, making them a cross between orders of chivalry and orders of merit. By contrast, membership of other British orders of merit, such as the 1664:

practiced this tradition. Judicial combat was of two forms in medieval society, the feat of arms and chivalric combat. The feat of arms were done to settle hostilities between two large parties and supervised by a judge. The chivalric combat was fought when one party's

3351:, apparently somewhat to the consternation of officials at Buckingham Palace. A woman clerk in holy orders may be made a Dame in exactly the same way as any other woman since there are no military connotations attached to the honour. A clerk in holy orders who is a 2691:

in the view of the British legal system. However, unlike knights, the title is hereditary and the recipient does not receive an accolade. The position is therefore more comparable with hereditary knighthoods in continental European orders of nobility, such as

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The institution of knights was already well-established by the 10th century. While the knight was essentially a title denoting a military office, the term could also be used for positions of higher nobility such as landholders. The higher nobles grant the

2369:. In each of these, there were in the early Middle Ages a number of feudal lords who often were just as powerful, and sometimes more so than the rulers themselves. During this period, knights ranked below the ruler and above the feudal barons (Dutch: 1086:

famous and spread throughout Europe in the following centuries. The period of chaos in the 9th and 10th centuries, between the fall of the Carolingian central authority and the rise of separate Western and Eastern Frankish kingdoms (later to become

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and his armoured cavalry were decimated by Swiss pikemen. As the feudal system came to an end, lords saw no further use of knights. Many landowners found the duties of knighthood too expensive and so contented themselves with the use of squires.

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A knight had to be born of nobility – typically sons of knights or lords. In some cases, commoners could also be knighted as a reward for extraordinary military service. Children of the nobility were cared for by noble foster-mothers in

709:. In modern times these are orders centered around charity and civic service, and are no longer military orders. Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility, but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state, monarch, or 2698:, than with knighthoods under the British orders of chivalry. However, unlike the continental orders, the British baronetcy system was a modern invention, designed specifically to raise money for the Crown with the purchase of the title. 2213:

demonstrated a marked departure from the chivalric romance of late medieval literature, and the chivalric ideal ceased to influence literature over successive centuries until it saw some pockets of revival in post-Victorian literature.

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The Crusades set the stage for several religious knightly military orders, including the Knights Templar, the Teutonic Knights, and the Hospitallers. These groups defended the Holy Land and protected pilgrims traveling to and from the

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Medieval French had two words, chevaleresse and chevalière, which were used in two ways: one was for the wife of a knight, and this usage goes back to the 14th century. The other was possibly for a female knight. Here is a quote from

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to ride with the Emperor in his wide-ranging campaigns of conquest. At about this time the Franks increasingly remained on horseback to fight on the battlefield as true cavalry rather than mounted infantry, with the discovery of the

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accompany a knight's name, as historically all (or at least by far most) of its members would be royals or hereditary lords anyway. So today, a knight is simply referred to as "Name Surname, knight of the White Eagle (Order)".

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identity that previously set them apart from common soldiers. Some knightly orders survived into modern times. They adopted newer technology while still retaining their age-old chivalric traditions. Examples include the

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hereditary knights and they are entitled to wear an oval neck badge with the shield of the house of Braganza. As there are two classes of hereditary knights in Portugal, the highest grade is the hereditary knight with

5424: 1443:, could also be conferred direct knighthood early if they showed valor and efficiency for their service; such acts may include deploying for an important quest or mission, or protecting a high diplomat or a 8978: 5791: 1625:, and were not only a major spectator sport but also played as a real combat simulation. It usually ended with many knights either injured or even killed. One contest was a free-for-all battle called a 5890:

The hereditary Order of Baronets was erected by patent in England by King James I in 1611, extended to Ireland by the same Monarch in 1619, and first conferred in Scotland by King Charles I in 1625.

2375:). In the Netherlands only 10 knightly families are still extant, a number which steadily decreases because in that country ennoblement or incorporation into the nobility is not possible anymore. 1706:

One of the greatest distinguishing marks of the knightly class was the flying of coloured banners, to display power and to distinguish knights in battle and in tournaments. Knights are generally

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of the time. The creation of chivalric orders was fashionable among the nobility in the 14th and 15th centuries, and this is still reflected in contemporary honours systems, including the term

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and were made of wooden boards that were roughly half an inch thick. Towards the end of the 10th century, oval shields were lengthened to cover the left knee of the mounted warrior, called the

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Today, a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in Christian Churches, as well as in several historically Christian countries and their former territories, such as the Roman Catholic

1631:, where large groups of knights numbering hundreds assembled and fought one another, and the last knight standing was the winner. The most popular and romanticized contest for knights was the 3123:

that also follow this practice. Modern knighthoods are typically conferred in recognition for services rendered to society, which are not necessarily martial in nature. The British musician

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legal breakup into two separate classes, and that the king would later play one against the other and eventually limit the legal privileges of hereditary nobility. But finally in 1705 King

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could be used for the wife of a knight; however, this style is largely archaic and is only used in the most formal of documents, or where the wife is a Dame in her own right (such as Dame

1906:. The torso was not the only part of the knight to receive this plate protection evolution, as the elbows and shoulders were covered with circular pieces of metal, commonly referred to as 481: 843:

A narrowing of the generic meaning "servant" to "military follower of a king or other superior" is visible by 1100. The specific military sense of a knight as a mounted warrior in the

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as a pre-nominal honorific in much the same way as it is used for secular purposes in Britain and the Philippines. Wives of such individuals also typically assume the title of Lady.

851:. The verb "to knight" (to make someone a knight) appears around 1300; and, from the same time, the word "knighthood" shifted from "adolescence" to "rank or dignity of a knight". 3619:). The first woman to be granted a knighthood in modern Britain seems to have been Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal, who became a Knight Grand Commander of the 1377:, and attended to assigned duties in his lord's household. During this time, the squires continued training in combat and were allowed to own armour (rather than borrowing it). 1888:, which was originally a small helm worn under the larger great helm, evolved to be worn solely, and would eventually have pivoted or hinged visors, the most popular was the 1718:. As heavier armour, including enlarged shields and enclosed helmets, developed in the Middle Ages, the need for marks of identification arose, and with coloured shields and 1220:

among the warrior class. The ideal of chivalry as the ethos of the Christian warrior, and the transmutation of the term "knight" from the meaning "servant, soldier", and of

3451:, honorific knighthood (not hereditary) can be conferred by the king on particularly meritorious individuals such as scientists or eminent businessmen, or for instance to 1515:. During the Middle Ages, this grew from simple military professionalism into a social code including the values of gentility, nobility and treating others reasonably. In 6128: 1822:

was used during the 13th and the first half of the 14th century. Around 1350, square shields called bouched shields appeared, which had a notch in which to place the

4043: 2461:. This designation is used as a title of nobility in all German-speaking areas. Traditionally it denotes the second lowest rank within the nobility, standing above " 1580:('cavalier'), simultaneously denoted skilled horsemanship and military service, and these remained the primary occupations of knighthood throughout the Middle Ages. 1151:(true knights). As the term "knight" became increasingly confined to denoting a social rank, the military role of fully armoured cavalryman gained a separate term, " 6199: 474: 2550:

also had the hereditary knighthood that existed within their respective systems of nobility. Just as with the Royal House of Portugal, the Royal House of Italy -

4427: 2170:" expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight's life, though still laying stress on the primarily military focus of knighthood. 9283: 7219: 4997:

wrote "I should attribute the origins of love to the influences of the Arabs' poetry and chivalry upon European ideas rather than to medieval Christianity."

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Outside the British honours system it is usually considered improper to address a knighted person as 'Sir' or 'Dame' (notable exceptions are members of the

1496:, etc.) who were often slaughtered after capture, and who were viewed during battle as mere impediments to knights' getting to other knights to fight them. 821:

might have fought alongside their lords, their role as household servants features more prominently in the Anglo-Saxon texts. In several Anglo-Saxon wills

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who served as an elite fighter or a bodyguard for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in

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After 1488, no other appointments of women are known, although it is said that the Garter was conferred upon Neapolitan poet Laura Bacio Terricina, by

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than mail armour did.Plate armor reached his peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, but was still used at the beginning of the 17th century by the first

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as their main form of defence. Mail was extremely flexible and provided good protection against sword cuts, but weak against blunt weapons such as the

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These mobile mounted warriors made Charlemagne's far-flung conquests possible, and to secure their service he rewarded them with grants of land called

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was knighted). The husbands of Dames have no honorific pre-nominal, so Dame Norma's husband remained John Major until he received his own knighthood.

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significantly lower, and guns had a reasonable chance to easily penetrate a knight's armour. In the 14th century the use of infantrymen armed with

9151: 6346: 1274:. Vassals and lords could maintain any number of knights, although knights with more military experience were those most sought after. Thus, all 6403: 618:

as an anti-personnel, gunpowder-fired weapon – began to render classical knights in armour obsolete, but the titles remained in many countries.

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Church, S. and Harvey, R. (Eds.) (1994) Medieval knighthood V: papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994. Boydell Press, Woodbridge

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first appeared in the 13th century, when plates were added onto the torso and mounted to a base of leather. This form of armour is known as a

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Clerics and the Church often opposed the practices of the Knights because of their abuses against women and civilians, and many such as St.

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In the early Renaissance greater emphasis was laid upon courtliness. The ideal courtier—the chivalrous knight—of Baldassarre Castiglione's

2540:(the lower rank being Squire), as the romanticism and prestige associated with the term grew in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. 8651: 8603: 7947: 7822: 5920: 3596: 2937: 2555: 1543:(1275) demonstrates that by the end of the 13th century, chivalry entailed a litany of very specific duties, including riding warhorses, 1278:

intending to become prosperous knights needed a great deal of military experience. A knight fighting under another's banner was called a

2532:, but enforce and carry out their orders on a routine basis as well. Later the term came to officially designate the higher rank of the 7832: 3697:

in 1261. It was the first religious order of knighthood to grant the rank of militissa to women. However, this order was suppressed by

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The second is being granted honorific knighthood by the British sovereign without membership of an order, the recipient being called

2554:, continue to confer their dynastic orders of chivalry on both Italian and non-Italian citizens, these dynastic orders include the; 1555:

and hunting, as well as aspiring to the more æthereal virtues of "faith, hope, charity, justice, strength, moderation and loyalty."

9273: 6988: 3983: 3978: 3580: 2005: 5069: 506:(including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. 8631: 7939: 7877: 3300:; but in that year the prohibition was lifted, and it is now permitted to use the titles immediately, from the time the award is 2590:

There are traces of the Continental system of hereditary knighthood in Ireland. Notably all three of the following belong to the

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William Henry Jackson. "Aspects of Knighthood in Hartmann's Adaptations of Chretien's Romances and in the Social Context." In

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was created (it was the first order explicitly open to women). The Royal Victorian Order was opened to women in 1936, and the

1795:. Thus, the sword was a status symbol among the knightly class. Swords were effective against lightly armoured enemies, while 8921: 7914: 6024: 5970:"Review of Knighthoods of Christ: Essays on the History of the Crusades and the Knights Templar. Presented to Malcolm Barber" 5579: 5492: 5359: 5083: 5010: 4933: 4908: 4785: 4456: 4408: 4013: 2579: 2441: 5765: 3029: 1155:". Although any medieval knight going to war would automatically serve as a man-at-arms, not all men-at-arms were knights. 8593: 8568: 7924: 2543: 3575:. In 1638, a proposal was made to revive the use of robes for the wives of knights in ceremonies, but this did not occur. 8616: 7957: 2559: 6273: 8734: 8334: 8105: 8085: 8064: 6152: 5714: 5390: 5323: 5302: 5173: 5139: 4764: 4064: 3948: 3521: 2718: 2228: 2143:

of chivalry, which is essential to the modern concept of the knight, as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of

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in 732, the Frankish forces were still largely infantry armies, with elites riding to battle but dismounting to fight.

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confers their dynastic orders of chivalry on both Italian and non-italian citizens, including the dynastic orders of;

2492:, the hereditary knighthood existed similarly throughout as a title of nobility, as well as in regions formerly under 1503:

for knights, who were relatively affluent horse owners and were expected to provide military services in exchange for

1069:, c. 1070). The rank of knight developed in the 12th century from the mounted warriors of the 10th and 11th centuries. 721:. Knighthoods and damehoods are traditionally regarded as being one of the most prestigious awards people can obtain. 622:(1459–1519) is often referred to as the "last knight" in this regard; however, some of the most iconic battles of the 8766: 8069: 7952: 7795: 6861: 6836: 6814: 6793: 6776: 6728: 6714: 6693: 6665: 6651: 6637: 6619: 6591: 5196: 5115: 4881: 4581: 4366: 4341: 4317: 3963: 3640: 3530: 3204: 3180: 2876: 2724: 2621: 2617: 1938:

came about in the mid 14th century. Overall, plate armour offered better protection against piercing weapons such as

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Knights of the late medieval era were expected by society to maintain all these skills and many more, as outlined in

1414:, and dancing – the prerequisite skills for knighthood. All of these were even performed while wearing armour. 670: 2011: 1094:

respectively) only entrenched this newly landed warrior class. This was because governing power and defense against

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A Concise History of Knighthood: Containing the Religious and Military Orders which have been Instituted in Europe

4481: 3898: 2440:. Like in the Netherlands, no female equivalent to the title exists. Belgium still does have about 232 registered 8717: 8554: 6274:"The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle | British Peerage, History & Significance | Britannica" 3653: 3265:

Wives of knights, however, are entitled to the honorific pre-nominal "Lady" before their husband's surname. Thus

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By the mid to late 16th century, knights were quickly becoming obsolete as countries started creating their own

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and turned over to the care of the castle's lords. They were placed on an early training regime of hunting with

7807: 5684: 4699:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 1985 reprinting), p. 246, does not give a probable origin, and merely compares 3343:

in 1969. A knight who is subsequently ordained does not lose his title. A famous example of this situation was

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is portrayed as the ideal knight, demonstrating unwavering loyalty, military prowess and social fellowship. In

1009:, which often rode to battle on horseback rather than marching on foot. When the armies of the Frankish ruler 8197: 8100: 7872: 7867: 7351: 4431: 3918: 3868: 3494: 3437: 3359: 2567: 1006: 9288: 8588: 8559: 8095: 7929: 7894: 7845: 7569: 5620: 5000: 4485: 3669:) since the mid-19th century, but they are usually called chevaliers. The first documented case is that of 3502: 2974: 1314: 1001:, were mainly cavalry. However, it was the Franks who generally fielded armies composed of large masses of 997:

who occupied Europe from the 3rd century AD onward had been mounted, and some armies, such as those of the

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culture or familiarized with it during training. These knights, among others, were called in to end large

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It was only over the following century, with the successful conquest of the Holy Land and the rise of the

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Up until 1965 it was not permitted to use these titles until after the knight concerned had received the

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In the course of the 12th century, knighthood became a social rank with a distinction being made between

702: 6019:. Nikolaus (First issued in paperback ed.). London New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 3486: 8339: 8172: 8029: 7368: 6889: 4248: 3943: 3620: 3498: 2970: 2366: 2316: 1811: 694: 663: 5730: 4823: 4805: 1045:

Age progressed, the Franks were generally on the attack, and larger numbers of warriors took to their

717:, often for service to the Church or country. The modern female equivalent in the English language is 42: 8722: 8689: 8054: 7994: 6411: 4642:

D'A. J. D. Boulton, "Classic Knighthood as Nobiliary Dignity", in Stephen Church, Ruth Harvey (ed.),

3546: 3416: 3022: 2114: 2092: 1679: 1568:, though the book's protagonist, Count Ludovico, states the "first and true profession" of the ideal 1431:

The accolade or knighting ceremony was usually held during one of the great feasts or holidays, like

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Arms & armor of the medieval knight : an illustrated history of weaponry in the Middle Ages

3690: 8641: 7999: 7989: 7346: 7158: 6129:"The Order of Saint George — The Oldest Secular Knightly Order in Hungary | Hungarian Conservative" 4604: 4134: 3576: 3108: 2571: 2175: 2063: 1746:

that was a popular style in the mid 15th to early 16th century (depiction made in the 18th century)

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The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325–1520

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Keen, Maurice Keen. Chivalry. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (February 11, 2005). pp. 7–17.

5051: 4533: 3883: 3769:, The Institution, Laws, and Ceremony of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (1672), Ch. 3, sect. 3 2907:, the military orders became idealized and romanticized, resulting in the late medieval notion of 2031:. While chivalric romances abound, particularly notable literary portrayals of knighthood include 8741: 8679: 8636: 8367: 8146: 8044: 7979: 4838: 4695: 4069: 3903: 3730: 3394: 3058: 2854: 2847: 2779: 2331: 753: 69: 17: 5902: 2257:

and fighting in close formation also proved effective against heavy cavalry, such as during the

1224:"mounted soldier", to refer to a member of this ideal class, is significantly influenced by the 8699: 8674: 8414: 8004: 7633: 7375: 4994: 4571: 4415:

Knights were often vassals, or lesser nobles, who fought on behalf of lords in return for land.

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in the Middle Ages, it can be considered roughly equal to the titles of "Knight" or "Baronet".

2210: 2058: 2024: 1559: 1526: 1171: 627: 5243:. Cranbury, NJ: Rosemont Publishing & Printing–Associated University Presses. p. 137. 5218: 5186: 4400: 3482: 2323:. This order can also be granted to persons not belonging to the Spanish Crown, as the former 1880:

to be made in the late 12th to early 13th centuries, this eventually would evolve to make the

8694: 8165: 8059: 8034: 8024: 8014: 8009: 7862: 6930: 6882: 6824: 6768: 6735: 6492: 6109: 5816: 5589: 4898: 4059: 3893: 3833: 3670: 3425: 3184: 3003: 2952: 2656: 2652: 2497: 2044: 1727: 1605: 1596: 1548: 848: 682: 6472: 6452: 6388: 5875: 5751: 4873: 3307: 2795: 2528:, or chain mail shirt worn almost daily by knights, as they would not only fight for their 2315:

grants titles of knighthood to the successor of the throne. This knighthood title, known as

9156: 8852: 8729: 8626: 8611: 8424: 8389: 8372: 8283: 8120: 8115: 8019: 7889: 7840: 7234: 7200: 7185: 7021: 6968: 6200:"Political Networking in the Middle Ages: The Order of the Dragon | Hungarian Conservative" 5571: 3828: 3808: 3584: 3572: 3458:, the second Belgian in space. This practice is similar to the conferral of the dignity of 3164: 3097: 3089: 2992: 2930: 2563: 2312: 2304:

In continental Europe different systems of hereditary knighthood have existed or do exist.

2131: 2109: 2087: 2082: 2053: 1726:

were created to record the knights of various regions or those who participated in various

1671: 1137: 1106:

attack became an essentially local affair which revolved around these new hereditary local

631: 600: 408: 5563: 3998: 1810:, which could be used to block strikes and projectiles. Oval shields were used during the 806: 8: 9221: 9144: 9139: 8669: 8664: 8455: 8321: 8205: 7504: 7309: 7284: 7264: 7168: 6820: 4089: 3993: 3878: 3853: 3800: 3567: 3542: 3506: 3160: 2996: 2959: 2948: 2917: 2897: 2279: 2196: 2068: 2020: 1961:

were the first form of medieval horse coverage and was used much like the surcoat. Other

1903: 1743: 1512: 1500: 1402:

and diving, shooting different types of weapons, climbing, participation in tournaments,

1384: 1306: 1163: 802: 678: 635: 623: 553:. Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship (and especially the 6042:"Teutonic State Order's Cultural Heritage in Towns of Warmia-Masuria Province in Poland" 5449: 3988: 1902:, and was initially used over chain mail in the 13th and 14th centuries, at the time of 1682:

in 1386. A far more chivalric duel which became popular in the Late Middle Ages was the

1129: 557:) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the 118: 8508: 8351: 7661: 7643: 7638: 7626: 7460: 7279: 7259: 7229: 7011: 6983: 6530: 6497: 6477: 6457: 6437: 5997: 5545: 5461: 5206: 4953: 3908: 3863: 3156: 2985: 2912: 2809: 2805: 2680: 2594: 2378: 2206: 2163: 2033: 1627: 1535:(c. 1205), chivalry had become a blend of religious duties, love and military service. 1517: 1310: 1057: 912:

arose terms in the various Romance languages cognate with the (French-derived) English

882:. This class is often translated as "knight"; the medieval knight, however, was called 787: 780: 9004: 6323:"The Most Honourable Order of the Bath | History, Ranks & Recipients | Britannica" 3312: 2771:, under the influence of the orders in the Holy Land and the Crusader movement of the 1082: 9209: 8445: 8329: 8298: 7666: 7584: 7321: 7274: 7212: 7041: 6864: 6857: 6839: 6832: 6810: 6796: 6789: 6772: 6740: 6724: 6710: 6689: 6661: 6647: 6633: 6615: 6594: 6587: 6071: 6020: 5989: 5710: 5680: 5575: 5549: 5537: 5498: 5488: 5386: 5355: 5319: 5298: 5192: 5169: 5135: 5111: 5079: 5006: 4929: 4904: 4877: 4781: 4760: 4577: 4558:

Chretien de Troyes and the German Middle Ages: Papers from an International Symposium

4404: 4393: 4362: 4337: 4313: 4003: 3848: 3694: 3636: 3600: 3421: 3328: 3324: 3176: 3018: 2815: 2768: 2639: 2613: 2547: 2493: 2477: 2039: 1988: 1984: 1657: 1461: 1213: 1183: 1030: 1014: 698: 690: 686: 655: 562: 550: 522: 455: 100: 6554: 6224:"The Order of the Golden Fleece | Philip the Good, Burgundy, Charles V | Britannica" 5403: 3665:

Modern French orders of knighthood include women, for example the Légion d'Honneur (

1868:

Helmets of the knight of the early periods usually were more open helms such as the

1601: 9311: 9236: 9231: 8906: 8519: 8252: 8110: 7984: 7884: 7714: 7522: 7412: 7363: 7336: 7089: 7084: 6937: 6061: 6053: 6041: 5981: 5877:

General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire

5792:"The Fons Honorum, Prerogatives and Privileges of the Portuguese House of Bragança" 5567: 5529: 5457: 5152: 5107: 4258: 4228: 4119: 4084: 4049: 3928: 3913: 3823: 3752: 3433: 3382: 3320: 2752: 2648: 2598: 2324: 2308: 2283: 2262: 2223: 2167: 2048: 1992: 1777: 1399: 1209: 1187: 1179: 1078: 1062: 994: 639: 611: 534: 526: 367: 231: 86: 6698:

Edwards, J. C. "What Earthly Reason? The replacement of the longbow by handguns."

6057: 5425:"The Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from The Metropolitan Museum of Art" 4867: 2537: 2338: 2126:, which was to be important to the development of chivalric ideals in literature. 62:"Knights" redirects here. For the Roman social class also known as "knights", see 9316: 9261: 9241: 9226: 9161: 9117: 9090: 8967: 8916: 8911: 8543: 8409: 8243: 8226: 7855: 7547: 7358: 7104: 7094: 6781: 6751:

The Book of Chivalry of Geoffrey De Charny : Text, Context, and Translation.

6675: 6583: 6113: 6017:

The chronicle of Prussia: a history of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, 1190-1331

5769: 5349: 5031: 4114: 4104: 4099: 4054: 4018: 3968: 3923: 3888: 3784: 3666: 3478: 3459: 3398: 3348: 3344: 3211: 3172: 3128: 2789: 2746: 2707: 2609: 2533: 2513: 2412: 2382: 2320: 2258: 2233: 1951: 1907: 1877: 1834: 1796: 1757: 1675: 1645: 1508: 1504: 1286: 1280: 1198: 1175: 1140:

were convinced that Knights served the devil and not God, and needed reforming.

1066: 1018: 890: 745: 424: 133: 81: 6248: 3595:

in 1937). The first non-royal woman to be made Lady Companion of the Garter was

2671:

Since 1611, the British Crown has awarded a hereditary title in the form of the

752:("servant, bondsman, vassal"). This meaning, of unknown origin, is common among 525:

in Christian Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the

9100: 8884: 8798: 8573: 8498: 8479: 8404: 8361: 8346: 8262: 7812: 7756: 7595: 7552: 7480: 7224: 7195: 7120: 7074: 7016: 6973: 6176: 5517: 4023: 3873: 3858: 3463: 3455: 3412: 3335:

of other Christian Churches are entitled to receive the accolade. For example,

3266: 3200: 3145: 3050: 2684: 2627: 2602: 2591: 2551: 2501: 2482: 2408: 2403: 2350: 2345: 2185: 2140: 1899: 1846: 1787:

The sword was a weapon designed to be used solely in combat; it was useless in

1684: 1335: 1275: 1124: 1010: 989: 875: 530: 284: 258: 219: 9035: 6097: 5945:"(PDF) The Order of Saint Lazarus - Cartulary: Vol. I - 12th - 14th centuries" 5533: 4978: 4757:

Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 A.D.)

1232:

of monastic warriors, and on the other hand also cross-influenced by Islamic (

9305: 9246: 9204: 9129: 9085: 8928: 8889: 8530: 7653: 7450: 7239: 7109: 7099: 7057: 7031: 7026: 6963: 6923: 6853: 6629: 6075: 5993: 5541: 5502: 5075: 4872:. Berkeley, US and Los Angeles, US: University of California Press. pp. 4700: 4178: 4094: 4079: 4008: 3933: 3843: 3788: 3766: 3698: 3604: 3336: 3138: 3033: 2785: 2734: 2470: 2357:. It is the lowest title within the nobility system and ranks below that of " 2254: 2249: 2127: 2078: 1974: 1943: 1889: 1849:

caused by mail. In hotter climates metal rings became too hot, so sleeveless

1819: 1610: 1352: 1348: 1167: 844: 503: 450: 186: 181: 176: 90: 6513:

Knights of Christ : Living today with the Virtues of Ancient Knighthood

4644:

Medieval knighthood V: papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994

1369:. In a religious ceremony, the new squire swore on a sword consecrated by a 9199: 8834: 8491: 8288: 8188: 7686: 7613: 7392: 7382: 7301: 7051: 6958: 6908: 5065: 4173: 4109: 3973: 3813: 3624: 3588: 3133: 2371: 2334: 2180:

dancer, athlete, singer and orator, and he should also be well-read in the

1895: 1869: 1854: 1723: 1711: 1493: 1411: 1266: 984: 898: 879: 871: 588: 279: 243: 191: 166: 161: 3466:. In addition, there still are a number of hereditary knights in Belgium ( 2889: 2799: 826: 794:, which also meant knight; but this meaning was in decline by about 1200. 9194: 9184: 9045: 8972: 8803: 8790: 8684: 8525: 8437: 8419: 8201: 7850: 7681: 7671: 7621: 7603: 7514: 7475: 7269: 7180: 7163: 6607:, 2nd ed. Translated by Manyon. London: Routledge & Keagn Paul, 1965. 6515:(Kindle Edition). West Bow Press. (May 22, 2012). p.xxx. ASIN: B00A4Z2FUY 5985: 5338:. Canary Press (August 15, 2011). Chapter: Pas D'armes. ASIN: B005HJTS8O. 5099: 4707: 4560:, ed. Martin H. Jones and Roy Wisbey. Suffolk: D. S. Brewer, 1993. 37–55. 4509: 4470:"Kaiser Maximilian I.: Der letzte Ritter und das höfische Turnier" (2014) 4467: 4273: 4213: 4208: 4168: 3724: 3628: 3444:. Additionally there remain a few hereditary knights in the Netherlands. 3286: 3073: 3062: 3037: 2893: 2772: 2529: 2386: 2354: 2267: 2237: 2201: 2123: 2073: 1947: 1873: 1815: 1536: 1191: 1152: 1042: 1038: 830: 757: 734: 713:

to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement, as in the

659: 647: 643: 578: 542: 6001: 5969: 5709:. Harper Perennial (July 26, 2011). pp. Introduction: What is a Knight. 2337:

or the relevant Spanish politician of the Spanish democratic transition

1583:

Chivalry and religion were mutually influenced during the period of the

886:

in Latin (which in classical Latin meant "soldier", normally infantry).

634:, took place after his rule. The ideals of chivalry were popularized in 9080: 9062: 8955: 8867: 8513: 8394: 7696: 7036: 6721:

The Military Orders: From the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries

6066: 4243: 4163: 3290: 3247: 3231: 3227: 3124: 2941: 2861: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2663:

in 1697 for participation on the Jacobite side in the Williamite wars.

2181: 2097: 1927: 1881: 1862: 1830: 1800: 1761: 1302: 1298: 1099: 998: 978: 198: 6868: 5134:. The Catholic University of America Press (October 31, 2012). p. 26. 3611:, the first non-royal woman (post-nominal: LT). (See Edmund Fellowes, 2205:, rejected the code of chivalry as unrealistic idealism. The rise of 1738: 1033:

period, any well-equipped horseman could be described as a knight, or

577:. In that sense, the special prestige accorded to mounted warriors in 509:

The concept of Knighthood may have been inspired by the ancient Greek

9112: 9040: 8997: 8962: 8896: 8862: 8857: 8829: 8503: 8469: 8399: 7742: 7737: 7704: 7676: 7564: 7559: 7495: 7470: 7417: 7331: 7046: 6978: 5640: 5564:"The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology" 5518:"The Visor of a Fourteenth-century Bascinet found at Pevensey Castle" 5482: 4233: 4218: 4198: 4193: 4188: 3452: 3432:

State knighthoods in the Netherlands are issued in three orders: the

3371: 2688: 2660: 2500:(by letters patents of 1752), even if its most recent members used a 2270:

also became an economic alternative to knights when conflicts arose.

1996: 1958: 1930:

which later evolved to fully enclose the leg in the form of enclosed

1911: 1689: 1621: 1432: 1403: 1238: 1074: 604: 583: 445: 341: 336: 326: 310: 145: 6843: 6800: 6744: 6598: 5279:

All Things Medieval: An Encyclopedia of the Medieval World, Volume 1

3779: 3407: 2836: 9216: 9189: 9179: 9052: 9030: 8760: 7751: 7723: 7709: 7576: 7542: 7500: 7485: 7445: 7190: 5157:

The Mirror of Language: A Study in the Medieval Theory of Knowledge

4153: 4124: 4074: 4037: 3301: 3297: 3131:, thus entitled to be called Sir Elton. The female equivalent is a 3120: 3116: 3104: 2908: 2904: 2505: 2466: 2429: 2423: 2394: 2362: 2241: 1980: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910:, eventually evolving into the plate arm harness consisting of the 1885: 1876:. The lack of more facial protection lead to the evolution of more 1842: 1715: 1701: 1638: 1584: 1569: 1544: 1531: 1478: 1444: 1426: 1344: 1225: 1217: 1194:, whose members would act as simple soldiers protecting pilgrims. 1002: 801:

changed over time from its original meaning of "boy" to "household

615: 592: 565:

in the 15th century. This linkage is reflected in the etymology of

554: 538: 429: 372: 351: 331: 321: 274: 269: 226: 203: 6249:"Louis XI | King of France, Valois Dynasty, Reformer | Britannica" 3718: 3341:

Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

2612:

or Green Knight (FitzGerald of Kerry) — the current holder is Sir

2496:

control. One family ennobled with a title in such a manner is the

1926:. The legs too were covered in plates, mainly on the shin, called 1853:

were worn as a protection against the sun, and also to show their

1714:), and indeed they played an essential role in the development of 1455: 1380: 1355:, chivalry, warfare, and combat (using wooden swords and spears). 8872: 8824: 7747: 7732: 7728: 7490: 7440: 7432: 7422: 7326: 7314: 7173: 7069: 7063: 6848:

Williams, Alan. "The Metallurgy of Medieval Arms and Armour", in

5297:. Oxford University Press; 1st edition (July 22, 1999). pp. 206. 5132:

Sport and Christianity: A Sign of the Times in the Light of Faith

5071:

A History of Britain 1: 3000 BC-AD 1603 At the Edge of the World?

4268: 4223: 4203: 4183: 4148: 3738: 3538: 3448: 3390: 3352: 3077: 2760: 2672: 2525: 2452: 2448: 2422:. It is the second lowest title within the nobility system above 2419: 2327: 2152: 2148: 1962: 1935: 1850: 1788: 1773: 1719: 1661: 1653: 1489: 1440: 1394: 1233: 1205: 1112: 1103: 1095: 1091: 1051: 855: 810: 741: 710: 651: 517: 511: 440: 403: 398: 289: 128: 63: 6826:

The Knights of England: A Complete Record from the Earliest Time

5106:(1st Ballantine Books Trade Paperback ed.). New York City: 4743:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed

4728:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed

4630:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed

1968: 1190:(1190). At the time of their foundation, these were intended as 9122: 8950: 8901: 8474: 8157: 7719: 7532: 7405: 7400: 7207: 6874: 6374:

Galloway, Peter; Stanley, David; Martin, Stanley, eds. (1996).

4869:

Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages

4288: 4283: 4278: 4263: 4238: 3838: 3474: 3386: 3332: 3171:, of which all members are knighted. In addition, many British 3148:, honorific knighthood may be conferred in two different ways: 3069: 3040:

in 1581. The recipient is tapped on each shoulder with a sword.

2694: 2489: 2469:" (baron). For its historical association with warfare and the 2457: 2156: 2000: 1965:, such as the facial armouring chanfron, were made for horses. 1931: 1858: 1807: 1781: 1769: 1649: 1522: 1485: 1466: 1436: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1340: 1327: 1257: 1087: 546: 393: 377: 346: 248: 214: 9011: 5450:"Black Prince: achievements of The Black Prince at Canterbury" 5295:

Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present

2620:, and has served as President of the Irish Association of the 2616:, 6th Baronet of Valencia, 24th Knight of Kerry. He is also a 940:. The Germanic languages have terms cognate with the English 9107: 8942: 8879: 8819: 8213: 8209: 7527: 7455: 7006: 5281:. Greenwood (August 15, 2011). pp. 690–700. ASIN: B005JIQEL2. 4999:

Burton, Richard Francis (2007). Charles Anderson Read (ed.).

4253: 4158: 3742: 3375: 3081: 2462: 2436: 2358: 2189: 2144: 1939: 1865:

and other garments with the arms of the wearer sewn into it.

1838: 1823: 1765: 1666: 1633: 859: 382: 362: 300: 6831:(Republished Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1970). 4361:(Reprinted. ed.). New York: Crescent Books. p. 3. 2995:, founded by King James VII of Scotland (also known as 8812: 8464: 7537: 7079: 5691:

Revised Spanish translation in Biblioteca Virtual Cervantes

2775:

and generally aligned with geographical area, for example:

2509: 1792: 1470: 1294: 1271: 1261: 1128:

Hungarian knights routing Ottoman spahi cavalry during the

1107: 1081:

declared their fiefs to be hereditary, and also issued the

718: 305: 253: 238: 156: 140: 85:

A 14th-century depiction of the 13th-century German knight

8360: 6389:

The London Gazette, Issue 27467, Page 5461, 22 August 1902

5406:. Department of Education, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4457:"Der letzte Ritter": 500. Todestag von Kaiser Maximilian I 993:(order of mounted nobles). Some portions of the armies of 9057: 6723:. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Macmillan Education, 1992. 5862:

The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Kilmacduagh

5188:

Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England: 1272–1485

4657:

Medieval Latin: an introduction and bibliographical guide

4310:

Knight Without Armor: Carlos Eduardo Castañeda, 1896-1958

4044:

Auxilium ad filium militem faciendum et filiam maritandam

3795: 2019:

Knights and the ideals of knighthood featured largely in

1806:

One of the primary elements of a knight's armour was the

1644:

Besides formal tournaments, there were also unformalized

1465:

allegory (mid-13th century), showing a knight armed with

1417:

Upon turning 21, the squire was eligible to be knighted.

1037:

in Latin. The first knights appeared during the reign of

4759:. Brill (September 1, 2013). pp. 177–180, 243, 310–311. 3289:, who gained her title six years before her husband Sir 1119: 8267:

heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families

5679:. Newark, Delaware: Juan de la Cuesta. pp. 41–77. 5034:. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. November 15, 2015. 2651:, who were created knights in 1553 under the policy of 2630:

or Black Knight (FitzGerald of Limerick) — now dormant.

59:

Honorary title awarded for service to a church or state

6788:, 2nd ed. Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions, 1998. 3347:, who was ordained just a year after he was appointed 2485:. Portuguese hereditary knighthoods confer nobility. 1507:. Early notions of chivalry entailed loyalty to one's 1245: 9284:

Knowledge:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals

6373: 5921:"Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem" 5354:(1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. p. 109. 4926:

Papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994

4778:

Papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994

4130:

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom

2743:

established to serve and protect lepers on/about 1100

1957:

Knights' horses were also armoured in later periods;

1201:, that these orders became powerful and prestigious. 6656:

Carey, Brian Todd; Allfree, Joshua B; Cairns, John.

3218:

In the British honours system the knightly style of

2921:

itself. Examples of notable orders of chivalry are:

2727:

founded to provide military medical services in 1048

1511:

and bravery in battle, similar to the values of the

537:, the rank had become associated with the ideals of 9264:

is the accepted criterion for official distinctions

5903:"Order of Malta - History: 1048 to the present day" 5314:Clifford J. Rogers, Kelly DeVries, and John Franc. 2576:

Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George

1803:were more effective against heavily armoured ones. 1284:while a knight fighting under his own banner was a 1204:The great European legends of warriors such as the 967: 5967: 5318:. Boydell Press (November 18, 2010). pp. 157–160. 4896: 4392: 2139:), written in 1469, was important in defining the 2122:), written in the 1130s, introduced the legend of 1333:These seven-year-old boys were given the title of 825:are left either money or lands. In his will, King 6102:Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 5907:Order of Malta - History: 1048 to the present day 5674: 5316:Journal of Medieval Military History: Volume VIII 5241:Marlowe's Empery: Expanding His Critical Contexts 4808:. Ducksters. Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI). 4141: 3603:in 1995 (post-nominal: LG). On 30 November 1996, 3561: 2826: 2353:for "knight", is a hereditary noble title in the 2319:, is probably the most prestigious and exclusive 2027:, and have secured a permanent place in literary 1158:The first military orders of knighthood were the 9303: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6085: 4928:. Woodbridge, England: Boydell. pp. 48–49. 3477:and Belgium, one of the ranks conferred in some 3370:have equivalent honorifics for knights, such as 2675:. Like knights, baronets are accorded the title 840:, "riding-servant", was a servant on horseback. 638:, particularly the literary cycles known as the 9152:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry 6369: 6367: 6098:"Religion, Warrior Elites, and Property Rights" 5645:Epic And Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature 5185:Fritze, Ronald; Robison, William, eds. (2002). 4312:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 202. 3693:and Catalano di Guido in 1233, and approved by 3339:did receive the accolade on his appointment as 3311:The English fighting the French knights at the 8257:and their national/public/official authorities 6299:"THE HISTORY BEHIND THE ORDER OF THE ELEPHANT" 5351:The image of aristocracy in Britain, 1000–1300 5191:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 105. 4824:"Knighthood As It Was, Not As We Wish It Were" 4689:(Éditions Errance, 2003), p. 96. The entry on 3323:in 1902, the custom was established whereby a 8173: 6890: 6736:Courts & camps of the Italian renaissance 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6441:(Supplement). 13 February 1901. p. 1139. 6153:"Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation" 6096:Anderson, R. Warren; Hull, Brooks B. (2017). 6082: 5184: 5159:; University of Nebraska Press, 1983. p. 105. 4806:"Middle Ages: History of the Medieval Knight" 4395:World History:Medieval and Early Modern Times 4357:Paddock, David Edge & John Miles (1995). 3683:Orders of Knighthood, Awards and the Holy See 2683:, and have never been entitled to sit in the 1969:Medieval and Renaissance chivalric literature 1756:Knights used a variety of weapons, including 475: 7794: 7574: 6364: 6095: 5880:. London: Burke's Peerage Limited. p. 7 5874:Burke, Bernard & Ashworth Burke (1914). 5846:The Descendants of the Last Earls of Desmond 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 4817: 4815: 4780:. Woodbridge, England: Boydell. p. 51. 1845:was worn to absorb shock damage and prevent 1670:duels were the judicial combat known as the 870:"horse") was a member of the second highest 6856:, ed. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2002. 6739:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908. 6660:, UK: Pen & Sword Military, June 2006. 6534:(Supplement). 24 August 1917. p. 8794. 6398: 6396: 6378:. London: Victorian Publishing. p. 22. 5484:The Scandinavian Baltic crusades, 1100-1500 5454:Encyclopedia of Medieval Dress and Textiles 2556:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation 2162:Instructional literature was also created. 1768:. Elements of the knightly armour included 1742:Elements of a harness of the late style of 1499:Chivalry developed as an early standard of 972: 904:, sometimes thought to derive from Gaulish 573:and related terms such as the French title 23: 8382: 8180: 8166: 6897: 6883: 6538: 5404:"Feudalism and Knights in Medieval Europe" 5238: 4602: 693:. There are also dynastic orders like the 642:, relating to the legendary companions of 482: 468: 24: 6197: 6126: 6065: 5410: 5224:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4979:"King Arthur in the Lands of the Saracen" 4903:. Oxford University Press. pp. 76–. 4812: 4655:Frank Anthony Carl Mantello, A. G. Rigg, 4646:, Boydell & Brewer, 1995, pp. 41–100. 4573:The knight in medieval England, 1000-1400 4336:. El-Felys Creations. 2000. p. 205. 3366:.) Some countries, however, historically 3152:The first is by membership of one of the 3010:, but was founded in its current form by 2877:Learn how and when to remove this message 2512:was granted to the lower ranked knights ( 2294: 1829:Until the mid-14th century, knights wore 897:, was replaced in common parlance by the 545:Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a 498:is a person granted an honorary title of 9274:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals 7782: 6524: 6491: 6471: 6451: 6431: 6393: 6014: 5821:Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases 5797:. Real Academia Sancti Ambrosii Martyris 5783: 5385:. (Procter Press, London: 1980). p. 32. 5045: 5043: 5041: 5002:The Cabinet of Irish Literature, Vol. IV 4900:Chivalry and Violence in Medieval Europe 4853:"The Knight in Armour: 8th–14th century" 4504: 4502: 3794: 3778: 3717: 3406: 3319:With the award of a KCVO to the Rt Rev. 3306: 3028: 2888: 2755:, established about 1190, and ruled the 2504:of count. In some other regions such as 2455:equivalent of an hereditary knight is a 2377: 2227: 2004: 1737: 1652:to end various disputes. Countries like 1600: 1454: 1379: 1301:and other large uprisings that involved 1123: 1056: 952:. These words are derived from Germanic 80: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 6686:Arms & Armor of the Medieval Knight 6684:Edge, David; John Miles Paddock (1988) 6039: 5850:Ulster Journal of Archaeology, Volume 6 5566:. Oxford University Press. 2010-01-01. 5336:Gladiators: From Spartacus to Spitfires 5026: 5024: 5022: 4972: 4970: 4799: 4797: 4482:"Has Being Knighted Lost Its Prestige?" 4390: 4356: 4307: 3230:only when addressing the holder. Thus, 3006:, which may have been first founded by 1857:. This sort of coat also evolved to be 529:, knighthood was considered a class of 14: 9304: 6749:Kaeuper, Richard and Kennedy, Elspeth 6644:An Historical Guide to Arms and Armour 6015:Nikolaus (2021). Fischer, Mary (ed.). 5701: 5699: 5480: 5401: 5347: 5293:David Levinson and Karen Christensen. 5289: 5287: 5064: 4998: 4976: 4923: 4803: 4775: 4672:, Harper & Brothers, 1899, p. 505. 4480:Mason, Christopher (13 October 2015). 4391:Carnine, Douglas; et al. (2006). 3747:Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona 2757:Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights 2666: 2289: 2195:Later Renaissance literature, such as 1892:, also known as the "pig-face visor". 956:, "to ride", in turn derived from the 8161: 7781: 7138: 6878: 6850:Companion to Medieval Arms and Armour 6765:Medieval Britain: The Age of Chivalry 6673: 5873: 5729:. All Things Medieval. Archived from 5447: 5038: 4865: 4499: 4479: 3749:, created the Order of the Hatchet (" 3656:, a 17th-century writer on chivalry: 2767:Other orders were established in the 2687:, therefore like knights they remain 2580:Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit 2299: 1330:until they reached the age of seven. 1120:Multiple crusades and military orders 9260:* = Direct or indirect reference to 8979:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field 6819: 6410:. London. 2006-10-17. Archived from 5789: 5754:. How Stuff Works. 4 September 2008. 5572:10.1093/acref/9780195334036.001.0001 5515: 5267:. How Stuff Works. January 22, 2008. 5239:Deats, Sarah; Logan, Robert (2002). 5098: 5019: 4967: 4841:. How Stuff Works. January 22, 2008. 4821: 4794: 4576:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books. 4569: 3704: 3689:was founded by two Bolognese nobles 3617:Memorials of the Order of the Garter 2859:adding citations to reliable sources 2830: 1391:Squires were required to master the 1363:When the boy turned 14, he became a 541:, a code of conduct for the perfect 111:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe 9279: 6688:. Greenwich, CT: Bison Books Corp. 6157:American Delegation of Savoy Orders 5696: 5284: 5074:(Paperback 2003 ed.). London: 5054:. How Stuff Works. 22 January 2008. 3737:To honour those women who defended 2938:Order of the Most Holy Annunciation 2701: 2560:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 1246:Knightly culture in the Middle Ages 56: 7140: 7139: 5462:10.1163/9789004124356_emdt_com_157 5058: 4977:Hermes, Nizar (December 4, 2007). 4687:Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise 4065:Military order (religious society) 3949:Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard 3774: 3355:is entitled to use the title Sir. 3100:are Spain's highest civil honours. 2719:Military order (religious society) 2712: 1752:List of medieval armour components 1024: 813:describes a mounted retainer as a 786:, all meaning "boy, youth, lad"). 614:– such as the introduction of the 57: 9328: 6763:Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer Laing. 6646:. London: Studio Editions, 1991. 6628:. 2d revised ed. Woodbridge, UK: 6501:. 3 December 1996. p. 15995. 5968:Fonnesberg-Schmidt, Iben (2008). 4822:Saul, Nigel (September 6, 2011). 4745:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 4730:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 4632:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 4399:. US: McDougal Littell. pp. 3205:Order of the Companions of Honour 3181:Order of St Michael and St George 2975:Philip III, Duke of Burgundy 2733:, founded very shortly after the 2725:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2622:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1837:and piercing weapons such as the 1450: 1166:, both founded shortly after the 829:leaves his cniht, Aelfmar, eight 671:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 9278: 9269: 9268: 9010: 9003: 8996: 8187: 8142: 8141: 6904: 6624:Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre. 6404:"Michael De-La-Noy, obituary in" 6198:Veszprémy, László (2023-04-18). 6127:Veszprémy, László (2023-08-19). 5402:Norris, Michael (October 2001). 4609:. Macmillan Company. p. 238 4606:A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary 3687:Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary 2835: 2411:for "knight", or the equivalent 1293:Some knights were familiar with 968:Evolution of medieval knighthood 259:Prince-elector, Princess-elector 117: 6518: 6505: 6485: 6465: 6445: 6425: 6382: 6339: 6315: 6291: 6266: 6241: 6216: 6191: 6169: 6145: 6120: 6033: 6008: 5961: 5937: 5913: 5895: 5867: 5855: 5835: 5809: 5766:"Malta History 1000 AD–present" 5758: 5744: 5719: 5668: 5659: 5650: 5634: 5609: 5556: 5516:Mann, James G. (October 1936). 5509: 5474: 5441: 5395: 5375: 5341: 5328: 5308: 5271: 5256: 5247: 5232: 5178: 5162: 5145: 5124: 5110:. pp. 110, 126, 140, 228. 5092: 4988: 4942: 4917: 4890: 4859: 4845: 4830: 4769: 4749: 4734: 4719: 4675: 4662: 4649: 4636: 4621: 4596: 4563: 4550: 4526: 3685:by H. E. Cardinale (1983), the 3643:in 1965 and 1971 respectively. 3269:'s ex-wife was formally styled 3036:(left) being knighted by Queen 2846:needs additional citations for 2418:is a hereditary noble title in 2120:History of the Kings of Britain 2103:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1841:. Padded undergarment known as 1576:, derived from the French word 889:In the later Roman Empire, the 620:Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I 7783: 6760:. Yale University Press, 2005. 6481:. 25 April 1995. p. 6023. 6461:. 24 April 1990. p. 8251. 5768:. Carnaval.com. Archived from 5448:Watts, Karen (23 April 2012). 5429:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 4950:"The Middle Ages: Charlemagne" 4670:An elementary Latin dictionary 4473: 4461: 4450: 4420: 4384: 4375: 4350: 4326: 4301: 4142:Counterparts in other cultures 3641:Saint Michael and Saint George 3562:England and the United Kingdom 3522:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 3094:Order of Isabella the Catholic 2827:Honorific orders of knighthood 2749:, founded 1118, disbanded 1307 2647:Another Irish family were the 1688:or "passage of arms". In this 1590: 1228:, on one hand inspired by the 1005:, with an infantry elite, the 599:to the forefront of defending 13: 1: 6809:. London: Tiger Books, 1997. 6658:Warfare in the Medieval World 6571: 6204:www.hungarianconservative.com 6133:www.hungarianconservative.com 6058:10.17846/gi.2014.18.2.138-146 5974:The English Historical Review 5617:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 4538:LEO German-English dictionary 3899:Heinrich von Bülow (Grotekop) 3869:Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry 3495:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres 3438:Order of the Netherlands Lion 3424:(Castilian Civil War, in the 3360:Order of the Knights of Rizal 3207:does not confer a knighthood. 2568:House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 2276:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre 1541:Book of the Order of Chivalry 1160:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre 987:, there was a knightly class 948:, and Dutch and Scandinavian 9289:Knowledge:WikiProject Awards 8198:Auxiliary science of history 6580:German Knighthood, 1050-1300 5619:. 2015-03-24. Archived from 4603:Clark Hall, John R. (1916). 3979:Simon de Montfort, the Elder 3566:Women were appointed to the 3517:(in Dutch), meaning Knight. 3491:Ordre des Palmes académiques 3345:The Revd Sir Derek Pattinson 1733: 724: 658:, relating to the legend of 244:Crown prince, Crown princess 7: 9096:Fraternities and sororities 6829:. London: Central Chancery. 6709:. UK: Crowood Press, 2001. 4897:Richard W. Kaeuper (2001). 4681:Xavier Delamarre, entry on 4514:Online Etymology Dictionary 4030: 3633:Order of the British Empire 3467: 3364:Republic of the Philippines 3197:Distinguished Service Order 3189:Order of the British Empire 3085: 3008:Christian I of Denmark 2731:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 2086:and other Arthurian tales ( 2012:King René's Tournament Book 1695: 1420: 1250: 1147:(non-noble cavalrymen) and 1041:in the 8th century. As the 740:("boy" or "servant"), is a 703:Order of the British Empire 683:Royal Order of the Seraphim 10: 9333: 6989:Weberian (three-component) 6807:The Medieval Knight at War 5864:by Jerome Fahey 1893 p.326 5675:Eisenberg, Daniel (1987). 5005:. Read Books. p. 94. 4308:Almarez, Felix D. (1999). 3944:Philip Riedesel zu Camberg 3919:Jean III d'Aa of Gruuthuse 3621:Order of the Star of India 3337:Sir Norman Cardinal Gilroy 3222:and its female equivalent 2971:Order of the Golden Fleece 2953:Edward III of England 2777: 2716: 2705: 2585: 2393:by the Harter Graben near 2367:Kingdom of the Netherlands 2317:Order of the Golden Fleece 2221: 2217: 1978: 1972: 1749: 1699: 1594: 1476: 1424: 1216:popularized the notion of 976: 699:Imperial Order of the Rose 695:Order of the Golden Fleece 664:Knights of the Round Table 597:military orders of knights 61: 9255: 9170: 9071: 9021: 8994: 8941: 8845: 8789: 8778: 8758: 8650: 8602: 8587: 8553: 8542: 8490: 8320: 8313: 8276: 8242: 8235: 8220: 8195: 8137: 8078: 7970: 7938: 7905: 7831: 7803: 7790: 7777: 7695: 7652: 7612: 7594: 7513: 7431: 7391: 7300: 7293: 7248: 7151: 7147: 7134: 6997: 6951: 6947: 6918: 6707:Medieval Military Costume 6700:Medieval History Magazine 6614:. London: Collins, 2001. 6177:"The Order of the Garter" 5665:Hare (1908), pp. 211–218. 5534:10.1017/s0003581500084249 5481:David., Lindholm (2007). 4755:Petersen, Leif Inge Ree. 4659:, UA Press, 1996, p. 448. 3741:against an attack by the 3646: 3547:Knighthood of St. Gregory 3529:managed to establish the 2931:Charles I of Hungary 2566:. Additionally the Royal 2115:Historia Regum Britanniae 2093:Historia Regum Britanniae 1934:. As for the upper legs, 1872:, and later forms of the 1722:, coat armoury was born. 1358: 1170:of 1099, followed by the 677:, as well as the English 610:In the Late Middle Ages, 199:Grand duke, Grand duchess 8111:Pre-industrial East Asia 6376:Royal Service (Volume I) 6040:Musiaka, Łukasz (2014). 5727:"The History of Knights" 5677:A Study of "Don Quixote" 5262:Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D. 5104:The Princes in the Tower 5049:Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D. 4924:Church, Stephen (1995). 4836:Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D. 4776:Church, Stephen (1995). 4295: 4135:Papal Orders of Chivalry 3713: 3676: 3599:in 1990, the second was 3556: 3531:Order of the White Eagle 3507:Order of Leopold II 3487:Ordre National du Mérite 3109:Papal Orders of Chivalry 2997:James II of England 2572:Order of Saint Januarius 2176:The Book of the Courtier 2064:The Book of the Courtier 1572:"must be that of arms." 1565:The Book of the Courtier 1315:1323–1328 Flemish revolt 1260:their portions of land ( 1061:A Norman knight slaying 973:Pre-Carolingian legacies 581:finds a parallel in the 74:Knights (disambiguation) 39:latest accepted revision 7159:Administrative detainee 6347:"The Order of the Bath" 5522:The Antiquaries Journal 4866:Bumke, Joachim (1991). 4696:Oxford Latin Dictionary 4668:Charlton Thomas Lewis, 4070:Spanish military orders 3904:Heinrich von Winkelried 3731:Cantigas de Santa Maria 3541:, holders of religious 3509:in Belgium, is that of 3395:Austro-Hungarian Empire 3250:should be addressed as 3234:should be addressed as 3072:countries, such as The 3059:Commonwealth of Nations 2986:Louis XI of France 2780:Spanish military orders 2478:Royal House of Portugal 2332:Queen of United Kingdom 1320: 754:West Germanic languages 109:Imperial, royal, noble, 70:Knight (disambiguation) 7575: 6786:A Knight and his Horse 6179:. British Royal Family 6046:Geografické informácie 5597:Cite journal requires 5348:Crouch, David (1993). 4995:Richard Francis Burton 4570:Coss, Peter R (1996). 3954:Raymond IV of Toulouse 3939:Oswald von Wolkenstein 3803: 3792: 3772: 3734: 3691:Loderingo degli Andalò 3663: 3597:The Duchess of Norfolk 3442:Order of Orange Nassau 3429: 3316: 3283:Dame Heather McCartney 3279:Lady Heather McCartney 3193:British honours system 3169:Order of Saint Patrick 3055:British honours system 3041: 2982:Order of Saint Michael 2964:Sigismund of Luxemburg 2911:, as reflected in the 2900: 2741:Order of Saint Lazarus 2655:(first established by 2517: 2398: 2295:Hereditary knighthoods 2245: 2211:Renaissance literature 2059:Baldassare Castiglione 2025:Renaissance literature 2016: 1747: 1615: 1560:Baldassare Castiglione 1527:Wolfram von Eschenbach 1474: 1388: 1172:Order of Saint Lazarus 1133: 1070: 715:British honours system 612:new methods of warfare 446:Gentleman, Gentlewoman 93: 68:. For other uses, see 8116:Pre-industrial Europe 6116:– via Proquest. 5707:The Knight in History 4060:Christian nationalism 3894:Henry Percy (Hotspur) 3884:Götz von Berlichingen 3834:Bohemond I of Antioch 3798: 3782: 3758: 3721: 3658: 3613:Knights of the Garter 3601:The Baroness Thatcher 3549:make use of the word 3410: 3310: 3246:. Similarly, actress 3185:Royal Victorian Order 3032: 3012:King Christian V 3004:Order of the Elephant 2927:Order of Saint George 2892: 2717:Further information: 2706:Further information: 2657:Henry VIII of England 2653:surrender and regrant 2605:, for their kinsmen. 2508:, a specific type of 2498:house of Hauteclocque 2465:" (noble) and below " 2381: 2231: 2045:The Twelve of England 2008: 1979:Further information: 1884:. Later forms of the 1791:and impractical as a 1750:Further information: 1741: 1614:, depicting the mêlée 1604: 1597:Tournament (medieval) 1458: 1383: 1127: 1060: 1017:Arab invasion at the 977:Further information: 322:Viscount, Viscountess 270:Marquess, Marchioness 204:Archduke, Archduchess 146:High king, High queen 84: 9157:Magical organization 8617:Intellectual freedom 8425:Master of ceremonies 7973: or countries 7784:By country or region 7022:Class discrimination 6702:, Is. 7, March 2004. 6674:Clark, Hugh (1784). 6612:Marching with Sharpe 5752:"History of Knights" 5656:Hare (1908), p. 201. 4804:Nelson, Ken (2015). 3829:Bertrand du Guesclin 3809:Adrian von Bubenberg 3751:Orde de la Atxa" in 3581:Ladies of the Garter 3325:clerk in holy orders 3226:are followed by the 3165:Order of the Thistle 3127:, for example, is a 3098:Order of Civil Merit 3090:Order of Charles III 2993:Order of the Thistle 2896:, the member of the 2855:improve this article 2564:Civil Order of Savoy 2313:Royal House of Spain 2110:Geoffrey of Monmouth 2088:Geoffrey of Monmouth 1672:Combat of the Thirty 1648:done by knights and 1447:relative in battle. 1138:Bernard de Clairvaux 847:emerges only in the 689:, and the Norwegian 632:Great Siege of Malta 332:Burgrave, Burgravine 275:Margrave, Margravine 9222:Order of precedence 7505:Vanniar (Chieftain) 6733:Hare, Christopher. 5383:Origins of Heraldry 5130:Lixey L.C., Kevin. 4090:Knights of Alleberg 3994:Stibor of Stiboricz 3984:Simon V de Montfort 3879:Godfrey of Bouillon 3854:Franz von Sickingen 3819:Baldwin of Boulogne 3801:Stibor of Stiboricz 3615:, 1939; and Beltz: 3609:Lady of the Thistle 3568:Order of the Garter 3497:in France, and the 3275:Lady Paul McCartney 3161:Order of the Garter 3137:, for example Dame 2960:Order of the Dragon 2949:Order of the Garter 2940:, founded by Count 2898:Order of the Dragon 2679:. Baronets are not 2667:British baronetcies 2524:, referring to the 2290:Types of knighthood 2280:Knights Hospitaller 2197:Miguel de Cervantes 2137:The Death of Arthur 2128:Sir Thomas Malory's 2079:Sir Thomas Malory's 2069:Miguel de Cervantes 1904:Transitional armour 1744:Gothic plate armour 1501:professional ethics 1385:David I of Scotland 1164:Knights Hospitaller 958:Proto-Indo-European 707:Order of St. George 679:Order of the Garter 675:Order of Saint John 636:medieval literature 624:Knights Hospitaller 551:battle on horseback 515:(ἱππεῖς) and Roman 399:Baronet, Baronetess 29:Page version status 9135:Hereditary society 8352:Royal family order 8086:18th-century Spain 7940:Standard of living 7644:Upper middle class 7639:Lower middle class 7230:Political prisoner 7012:Chattering classes 6984:Spoon class theory 6769:St. Martin's Press 6719:Forey, Alan John. 6578:Arnold, Benjamin. 6531:The London Gazette 6511:Biddle, Daniel A. 6498:The London Gazette 6478:The London Gazette 6458:The London Gazette 6438:The London Gazette 6327:www.britannica.com 6278:www.britannica.com 6253:www.britannica.com 6228:www.britannica.com 5986:10.1093/ehr/cen218 5980:(503): 1007–1009. 5790:Evaristo, Carlos. 5277:Johnston, Ruth A. 5265:"How Knights Work" 5217:has generic name ( 5052:"How Knights Work" 4839:"How Knights Work" 4486:Town & Country 4434:. 21 February 2020 3864:Geoffroi de Charny 3804: 3793: 3735: 3637:Orders of the Bath 3503:Order of the Crown 3430: 3426:Hundred Years' War 3317: 3267:Sir Paul McCartney 3157:orders of chivalry 3061:countries such as 3042: 2962:, founded by King 2913:chivalric romances 2901: 2806:Order of Calatrava 2796:Order of Alcántara 2792:(Portugal) in 1143 2681:peers of the Realm 2595:FitzGerald dynasty 2431:Jonkheer/Jonkvrouw 2399: 2300:Continental Europe 2246: 2207:Christian humanism 2164:Geoffroi de Charny 2034:The Song of Roland 2017: 1748: 1616: 1518:The Song of Roland 1475: 1389: 1387:knighting a squire 1270:for each knight's 1134: 1071: 849:Hundred Years' War 788:Middle High German 781:Middle High German 601:Christian pilgrims 94: 35: 9299: 9298: 9265: 9210:Campaign streamer 8992: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8937: 8936: 8772: 8754: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8708: 8707: 8538: 8537: 8433: 8432: 8376: 8330:Order of chivalry 8309: 8308: 8302: 8299:Self-styled order 8155: 8154: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 7966: 7965: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7667:Lumpenproletariat 7169:illegal immigrant 7130: 7129: 7042:Classless society 6805:Robards, Brooks. 6705:Embleton, Gerry. 6303:www.kongehuset.dk 6026:978-1-032-17986-5 5925:Diocese of Venice 5817:"Fief de haubert" 5581:978-0-19-533403-6 5494:978-1-84176-988-2 5361:978-0-415-01911-8 5085:978-0-563-48714-2 5012:978-1-4067-8001-7 4935:978-0-85115-628-6 4910:978-0-19-924458-4 4787:978-0-85115-628-6 4410:978-0-618-27747-6 4004:Vincenzo Anastagi 3999:Suero de Quiñones 3849:Francisco Pizarro 3799:Late painting of 3705:The Low Countries 3695:Pope Alexander IV 3422:Battle of Montiel 3329:Church of England 3177:Order of the Bath 3107:implementing the 3019:Order of the Bath 2887: 2886: 2879: 2818:, established in 2816:Order of Santiago 2808:, established in 2798:, established in 2788:, established in 2769:Iberian peninsula 2640:Edmund Fitzgibbon 2614:Adrian FitzGerald 2597:, created by the 2494:Holy Roman Empire 2442:knightly families 2335:Elizabeth II 2240:mercenaries with 2132:Le Morte d'Arthur 2083:Le Morte d'Arthur 2054:The Knight's Tale 2040:Cantar de Mio Cid 1989:Matter of Britain 1985:Chivalric romance 1878:enclosing helmets 1680:Jean de Carrouges 1674:in 1351, and the 1473:in mortal combat. 1462:miles Christianus 1214:Matter of Britain 1184:Order of Santiago 866:"horseman", from 809:'s homily of St. 691:Order of St. Olav 687:Order of Santiago 673:, the Protestant 656:Matter of Britain 603:traveling to the 563:Duchy of Burgundy 523:Early Middle Ages 492: 491: 456:Lord of the Manor 420:Knight, Chevalier 47:26 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 9324: 9282: 9281: 9272: 9271: 9259: 9237:Awareness ribbon 9232:Devotional medal 9145:Gentlemen's club 9014: 9007: 9000: 8787: 8786: 8776: 8775: 8764: 8718:Religion-related 8600: 8599: 8551: 8550: 8380: 8379: 8365: 8358: 8357: 8318: 8317: 8296: 8244:Founts of honour 8240: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8182: 8175: 8168: 8159: 8158: 8145: 8144: 7972: 7873:Mexican-American 7801: 7800: 7792: 7791: 7779: 7778: 7580: 7523:Business magnate 7413:Knowledge worker 7298: 7297: 7186:dual or multiple 7149: 7148: 7136: 7135: 7090:Social exclusion 7085:Social cleansing 6999: 6949: 6948: 6938:Economic classes 6899: 6892: 6885: 6876: 6875: 6830: 6821:Shaw, William A. 6782:Oakeshott, Ewart 6681: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6551: 6536: 6535: 6522: 6516: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6400: 6391: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6093: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6012: 6006: 6005: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5885: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5823:. enacademic.com 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5796: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5762: 5756: 5755: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5723: 5717: 5703: 5694: 5693: 5672: 5666: 5663: 5657: 5654: 5648: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5600: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5421: 5408: 5407: 5399: 5393: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5345: 5339: 5332: 5326: 5312: 5306: 5291: 5282: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5222: 5216: 5212: 5210: 5202: 5182: 5176: 5166: 5160: 5153:Marcia L. Colish 5149: 5143: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5108:Ballantine Books 5096: 5090: 5089: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5047: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5017: 5016: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4952:. Archived from 4946: 4940: 4939: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4855:. History World. 4849: 4843: 4842: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4801: 4792: 4791: 4773: 4767: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4723: 4717: 4679: 4673: 4666: 4660: 4653: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4567: 4561: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4506: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4398: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4305: 4259:Praetorian Guard 4229:Legion of Honour 4120:Medieval warfare 4085:Knightly virtues 4050:Chivalric orders 3989:Stefan Lazarević 3929:Joanot Martorell 3914:Hugues de Payens 3824:Balian of Ibelin 3770: 3722:A battle of the 3671:Angélique Brûlon 3629:Dame Grand Cross 3585:Queens Alexandra 3528: 3499:Order of Leopold 3483:Légion d'Honneur 3469: 3434:Order of William 3401:Ritter von Trapp 3383:Benito Mussolini 3321:Randall Davidson 3191:are part of the 3167:and the dormant 3115:There are other 3087: 3038:Elizabeth I 2882: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2839: 2831: 2822:(Spain) in 1164. 2753:Teutonic Knights 2702:Chivalric orders 2643:) — now dormant. 2599:Earls of Desmond 2502:pontifical title 2341:, among others. 2325:Emperor of Japan 2309:Kingdom of Spain 2284:Teutonic Knights 2263:Charles the Bold 2224:Military history 2168:Book of Chivalry 2049:Geoffrey Chaucer 2015:(BnF Ms Fr 2695) 1993:Matter of France 1398:– riding, 1393:seven points of 1307:Peasants' Revolt 1210:Matter of France 1188:Teutonic Knights 1180:Order of Montesa 1176:Knights Templars 1145:milites gregarii 1130:Battle of Mohács 1079:Charles the Bald 1063:Harold Godwinson 995:Germanic peoples 893:word for horse, 640:Matter of France 595:brought various 535:Late Middle Ages 527:High Middle Ages 484: 477: 470: 129:Emperor, Empress 121: 96: 95: 87:Hartmann von Aue 21: 9332: 9331: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9322: 9321: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9262:fount of honour 9251: 9242:Code of conduct 9227:Honorary degree 9172: 9166: 9162:Religious order 9118:Learned society 9091:Fraternal order 9073: 9067: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9015: 9009: 9008: 9002: 9001: 8984: 8933: 8841: 8780: 8768: 8763: 8746: 8704: 8646: 8632:Humanitarianism 8591: 8583: 8579:Law enforcement 8569:List of highest 8557: 8545: 8534: 8486: 8429: 8371: 8364: 8356: 8305: 8272: 8224: 8216: 8191: 8186: 8156: 8151: 8125: 8074: 7962: 7934: 7901: 7885:Underprivileged 7827: 7786: 7785: 7761: 7691: 7648: 7608: 7590: 7509: 7427: 7387: 7289: 7244: 7143: 7142: 7126: 7105:Social position 7095:Social mobility 6993: 6943: 6914: 6913: 6903: 6873: 6756:Keen, Maurice. 6642:Bull, Stephen. 6584:Clarendon Press 6574: 6569: 6560: 6558: 6557:. Heraldica.org 6555:"Women Knights" 6553: 6552: 6539: 6523: 6519: 6510: 6506: 6490: 6486: 6470: 6466: 6450: 6446: 6430: 6426: 6417: 6415: 6408:The Independent 6402: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6383: 6372: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6331: 6329: 6321: 6320: 6316: 6307: 6305: 6297: 6296: 6292: 6283: 6281: 6272: 6271: 6267: 6258: 6256: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6233: 6231: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6208: 6206: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6161: 6159: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6137: 6135: 6125: 6121: 6094: 6083: 6038: 6034: 6027: 6013: 6009: 5966: 5962: 5953: 5951: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5929: 5927: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5883: 5881: 5872: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5840: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5788: 5784: 5775: 5773: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5736: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5705:Gies, Francis. 5704: 5697: 5687: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5655: 5651: 5639: 5635: 5626: 5624: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5598: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5514: 5510: 5495: 5479: 5475: 5466: 5464: 5446: 5442: 5433: 5431: 5423: 5422: 5411: 5400: 5396: 5381:Platts, Beryl. 5380: 5376: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5346: 5342: 5333: 5329: 5313: 5309: 5292: 5285: 5276: 5272: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5214: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5183: 5179: 5167: 5163: 5150: 5146: 5129: 5125: 5118: 5102:(August 1995). 5097: 5093: 5086: 5078:. p. 155. 5063: 5059: 5050: 5048: 5039: 5030: 5029: 5020: 5013: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4975: 4968: 4959: 4957: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4922: 4918: 4911: 4895: 4891: 4884: 4864: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4820: 4813: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4774: 4770: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4680: 4676: 4667: 4663: 4654: 4650: 4641: 4637: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4601: 4597: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4551: 4542: 4540: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4518: 4516: 4508: 4507: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4451: 4437: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4411: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4144: 4139: 4115:Imperial Knight 4105:Knight bachelor 4100:Knight banneret 4055:Christian state 4033: 4028: 4019:William Wallace 4014:William Marshal 3969:Roger of Lauria 3924:Jean Le Maingre 3889:Guy de Lusignan 3785:William Marshal 3783:Tomb effigy of 3777: 3775:Notable knights 3771: 3765: 3716: 3707: 3679: 3667:Legion of Honor 3649: 3579:have been made 3564: 3559: 3526: 3513:(in French) or 3479:orders of merit 3460:Knight Bachelor 3411:Miniature from 3349:Knight Bachelor 3313:Battle of Crécy 3248:Dame Judi Dench 3212:Knight Bachelor 3173:orders of merit 3129:Knight Bachelor 2942:Amadeus VI 2883: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2852: 2840: 2829: 2812:(Spain) in 1158 2802:(Spain) in 1156 2782: 2747:Knights Templar 2721: 2715: 2713:Military orders 2710: 2708:Chivalric order 2704: 2669: 2618:Knight of Malta 2610:Knight of Kerry 2588: 2522:fief de haubert 2383:Fortified house 2321:chivalric order 2302: 2297: 2292: 2259:Battle of Nancy 2250:standing armies 2234:Battle of Pavia 2226: 2220: 2003: 1977: 1971: 1952:London lobsters 1942:and especially 1754: 1736: 1704: 1698: 1676:trial by combat 1599: 1593: 1505:landed property 1481: 1469:and facing the 1453: 1429: 1423: 1361: 1323: 1287:knight banneret 1281:knight bachelor 1253: 1248: 1230:military orders 1199:crusader states 1192:monastic orders 1186:(1170) and the 1149:milites nobiles 1122: 1083:Edict of Pîtres 1067:Bayeux tapestry 1027: 1025:Carolingian age 1019:Battle of Tours 981: 975: 970: 936:, and Romanian 891:classical Latin 797:The meaning of 790:had the phrase 727: 628:Siege of Rhodes 488: 425:Imperial Knight 363:Baron, Baroness 301:Count, Countess 110: 77: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9330: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9276: 9266: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9148: 9147: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9126: 9125: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9104: 9103: 9101:Secret society 9098: 9093: 9088: 9077: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9027: 9025: 9019: 9018: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8947: 8945: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8925: 8924: 8919: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8877: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8855: 8849: 8847: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8817: 8816: 8815: 8801: 8795: 8793: 8784: 8773: 8756: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8727: 8726: 8725: 8723:Ecclesiastical 8715: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8656: 8654: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8608: 8606: 8597: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8574:Campaign medal 8571: 8565: 8563: 8548: 8540: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8467: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8434: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8386: 8384: 8377: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8347:Order of merit 8344: 8343: 8342: 8340:Colonial order 8337: 8335:Military order 8326: 8324: 8315: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8294: 8291: 8286: 8284:Ecclesiastical 8280: 8278: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8268: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8249: 8247: 8237: 8230: 8218: 8217: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8185: 8184: 8177: 8170: 8162: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8106:Ottoman Empire 8103: 8098: 8093: 8091:Ancient Greece 8088: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8065:United Kingdom 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7976: 7974: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7960: 7958:Home-ownership 7955: 7950: 7944: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7911: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7892: 7882: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7837: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7813:American Dream 7810: 7804: 7798: 7788: 7787: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7759: 7754: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7726: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7701: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7658: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7618: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7606: 7600: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7581: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7397: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7306: 7304: 7295: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7225:Migrant worker 7222: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7161: 7155: 7153: 7145: 7144: 7141:By demographic 7132: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7121:Status Anxiety 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7075:Ranked society 7072: 7067: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7017:Class conflict 7014: 7009: 7003: 7001: 7000: topics 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6974:Mudsill theory 6971: 6966: 6961: 6955: 6953: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6879: 6872: 6871: 6854:Nicolle, David 6846: 6817: 6803: 6779: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6731: 6717: 6703: 6696: 6682: 6671: 6668: 6654: 6640: 6622: 6608: 6605:Feudal Society 6601: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6537: 6517: 6504: 6484: 6464: 6444: 6424: 6392: 6381: 6363: 6338: 6314: 6290: 6265: 6240: 6215: 6190: 6168: 6144: 6119: 6081: 6052:(2): 138–146. 6032: 6025: 6007: 5960: 5936: 5912: 5894: 5866: 5854: 5842:John O'Donovan 5834: 5808: 5782: 5757: 5743: 5718: 5715:978-0060914134 5695: 5685: 5667: 5658: 5649: 5633: 5608: 5599:|journal= 5580: 5555: 5528:(4): 412–419. 5508: 5493: 5487:. Osprey Pub. 5473: 5440: 5409: 5394: 5391:978-0906650004 5374: 5360: 5340: 5334:Hubbard, Ben. 5327: 5324:978-1843835967 5307: 5303:978-0195131956 5283: 5270: 5255: 5246: 5231: 5197: 5177: 5174:978-0300107678 5161: 5144: 5140:978-0813219936 5123: 5116: 5091: 5084: 5057: 5037: 5018: 5011: 4987: 4966: 4941: 4934: 4916: 4909: 4889: 4882: 4858: 4844: 4829: 4811: 4793: 4786: 4768: 4765:978-9004251991 4748: 4733: 4718: 4712: 4674: 4661: 4648: 4635: 4628:"Equestrian". 4620: 4595: 4582: 4562: 4549: 4525: 4498: 4472: 4460: 4449: 4419: 4409: 4383: 4374: 4367: 4349: 4342: 4334:Diocese of Uyo 4325: 4318: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4024:Zawisza Czarny 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3964:Roger Mortimer 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3874:Gilles de Rais 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3805: 3776: 3773: 3763: 3715: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3681:As related in 3678: 3675: 3661:chevaleresses. 3648: 3645: 3577:Queens consort 3573:King Edward VI 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3481:, such as the 3464:United Kingdom 3456:Frank De Winne 3420:depicting the 3413:Jean Froissart 3369: 3271:Lady McCartney 3232:Sir Elton John 3216: 3215: 3208: 3201:Order of Merit 3146:United Kingdom 3113: 3112: 3101: 3084:among others ( 3066: 3051:United Kingdom 3027: 3026: 3015: 3000: 2989: 2978: 2967: 2956: 2945: 2934: 2885: 2884: 2843: 2841: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2813: 2803: 2793: 2778:Main article: 2765: 2764: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2728: 2714: 2711: 2703: 2700: 2685:House of Lords 2668: 2665: 2649:O'Shaughnessys 2645: 2644: 2631: 2628:Knight of Glin 2625: 2603:Earls Palatine 2592:Hiberno-Norman 2587: 2584: 2552:House of Savoy 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2219: 2216: 2184:and classical 1973:Main article: 1970: 1967: 1900:coat of plates 1735: 1732: 1724:Armorial rolls 1700:Main article: 1697: 1694: 1646:judicial duels 1595:Main article: 1592: 1589: 1477:Main article: 1452: 1451:Chivalric code 1449: 1425:Main article: 1422: 1419: 1360: 1357: 1322: 1319: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1121: 1118: 1031:Early Medieval 1026: 1023: 1011:Charles Martel 990:Ordo Equestris 974: 971: 969: 966: 932:), Portuguese 876:Roman Republic 726: 723: 685:, the Spanish 681:, the Swedish 626:, such as the 531:petty nobility 490: 489: 487: 486: 479: 472: 464: 461: 460: 459: 458: 453: 448: 443: 435: 434: 433: 432: 427: 422: 414: 413: 412: 411: 406: 401: 396: 388: 387: 386: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 357: 356: 355: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 316: 315: 314: 313: 308: 303: 295: 294: 293: 292: 287: 285:Count palatine 282: 277: 272: 264: 263: 262: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 235: 234: 224: 223: 222: 209: 208: 207: 206: 201: 196: 195: 194: 189: 184: 179: 171: 170: 169: 164: 151: 150: 149: 148: 143: 138: 137: 136: 123: 122: 114: 113: 105: 104: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9329: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9277: 9275: 9267: 9263: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9248: 9247:Code of honor 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9205:Battle honour 9203: 9201: 9198: 9197: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9169: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9130:Honor society 9128: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9086:Confraternity 9084: 9083: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9074:organisations 9070: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9020: 9013: 9006: 8999: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8930: 8929:Shoulder mark 8927: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8881: 8878: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8822: 8821: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8807:/Grand Cordon 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8782:(decorations) 8777: 8774: 8770: 8762: 8757: 8743: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8649: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8601: 8598: 8595: 8590: 8586: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8556: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8541: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8492:Jurisdictions 8489: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8472: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8441:/Grand Cordon 8439: 8436: 8435: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8369: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8300: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8289:Organisations 8287: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8275: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8256: 8255: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8178: 8176: 8171: 8169: 8164: 8163: 8160: 8148: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8070:United States 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7971:Other regions 7969: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7830: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7796:United States 7793: 7789: 7780: 7776: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7694: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7611: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7545: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7390: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7235:Socioeconomic 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7137: 7133: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7110:Social stigma 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7100:Social orphan 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7058:Nouveau riche 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7032:Class traitor 7030: 7028: 7027:Class society 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6964:Gilbert model 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6900: 6895: 6893: 6888: 6886: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6862:0-85115-872-2 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6837:0-8063-0443-X 6834: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6818: 6816: 6815:1-85501-919-1 6812: 6808: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6795: 6794:0-8023-1297-7 6791: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6777:0-312-16278-2 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6730: 6729:0-333-46234-3 6726: 6722: 6718: 6716: 6715:1-86126-371-6 6712: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6697: 6695: 6694:0-517-10319-2 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6678: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6666:1-84415-339-8 6663: 6659: 6655: 6653: 6652:1-85170-723-9 6649: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6638:0-85115-795-5 6635: 6631: 6630:Boydell Press 6627: 6623: 6621: 6620:0-00-414537-2 6617: 6613: 6610:Bluth, B. J. 6609: 6606: 6603:Bloch, Marc. 6602: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6592:0-19-821960-1 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6521: 6514: 6508: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6488: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6468: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6440: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6414:on 2007-11-23 6413: 6409: 6405: 6399: 6397: 6390: 6385: 6377: 6370: 6368: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6328: 6324: 6318: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6178: 6172: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6134: 6130: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6077: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6036: 6028: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5926: 5922: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5891: 5879: 5878: 5870: 5863: 5858: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5793: 5786: 5772:on 2012-02-04 5771: 5767: 5761: 5753: 5747: 5733:on 2020-02-23 5732: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5678: 5671: 5662: 5653: 5646: 5642: 5637: 5623:on 2015-03-24 5622: 5618: 5612: 5604: 5591: 5583: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5477: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5405: 5398: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5363: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5344: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5280: 5274: 5266: 5259: 5253:Keen, p. 138. 5250: 5242: 5235: 5227: 5220: 5215:|first2= 5208: 5200: 5198:9780313291241 5194: 5190: 5189: 5181: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5119: 5117:9780345391780 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5087: 5081: 5077: 5076:BBC Worldwide 5073: 5072: 5067: 5066:Schama, Simon 5061: 5053: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5033: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5014: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4991: 4980: 4973: 4971: 4956:on 2017-11-09 4955: 4951: 4945: 4937: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4912: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4893: 4885: 4883:9780520066342 4879: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4862: 4854: 4848: 4840: 4833: 4825: 4818: 4816: 4807: 4800: 4798: 4789: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4744: 4737: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4701:Old Bulgarian 4698: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4671: 4665: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4639: 4631: 4624: 4608: 4607: 4599: 4585: 4583:9780938289777 4579: 4575: 4574: 4566: 4559: 4553: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4487: 4483: 4476: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4453: 4446: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4387: 4378: 4370: 4368:0-517-10319-2 4364: 4360: 4353: 4345: 4343:9789783565005 4339: 4335: 4329: 4321: 4319:9781603447140 4315: 4311: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4179:Eagle warrior 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4095:Knight-errant 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4080:Heavy cavalry 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4009:William Clito 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3934:John Hawkwood 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3909:Hernán Cortés 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3844:Francis Drake 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3790: 3789:Temple Church 3786: 3781: 3768: 3767:Elias Ashmole 3762: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3726: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3700: 3699:Pope Sixtus V 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3627:in 1917 as a 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3532: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3403: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281:). The style 3280: 3276: 3273:(rather than 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3175:, namely the 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3139:Julie Andrews 3136: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3039: 3035: 3034:Francis Drake 3031: 3024: 3023:George I 3021:, founded by 3020: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2984:, founded by 2983: 2979: 2976: 2973:, founded by 2972: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2951:, founded by 2950: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929:, founded by 2928: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2881: 2878: 2870: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2844:This section 2842: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2786:Order of Aviz 2784: 2783: 2781: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2735:First Crusade 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2696: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2659:). They were 2658: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2539: 2538:Ancien Régime 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520:) called the 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2471:landed gentry 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2396: 2392: 2389:of a knight ( 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2361:" but above " 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2339:Adolfo Suárez 2336: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2077:, as well as 2076: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2014: 2013: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1975:Knight-errant 1966: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855:heraldic arms 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1824:couched lance 1821: 1820:heater shield 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1745: 1740: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1613: 1612: 1611:Codex Manesse 1607: 1603: 1598: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1494:foot-soldiers 1491: 1487: 1480: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1457: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1356: 1354: 1353:equestrianism 1350: 1349:swordsmanship 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:First Crusade 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1131: 1126: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1013:defeated the 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 991: 986: 980: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 900: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 845:heavy cavalry 841: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 795: 793: 789: 785: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 736: 732: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 589:Islamic world 586: 585: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 559:high nobility 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 519: 514: 513: 507: 505: 504:head of state 501: 497: 485: 480: 478: 473: 471: 466: 465: 463: 462: 457: 454: 452: 451:Ministerialis 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 437: 436: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 416: 415: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 391: 390: 389: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 359: 358: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 297: 296: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 267: 266: 265: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 239:Duke, Duchess 237: 233: 230: 229: 228: 225: 221: 218: 217: 216: 213: 212: 211: 210: 205: 202: 200: 197: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 172: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 147: 144: 142: 141:Tsar, Tsarina 139: 135: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 125: 124: 120: 116: 115: 112: 107: 106: 102: 98: 97: 92: 91:Codex Manesse 88: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 66: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 9200:Service flag 8977: 8835:Medal ribbon 8806: 8781: 8767:Named after 8660:Architecture 8622:Human rights 8518: 8460: 8440: 8390:Grand master 8373:Post-nominal 8222:Distinctions 8221: 8189:Phaleristics 8121:Soviet Union 8096:Ancient Rome 7953:Homelessness 7878:Upper Middle 7750: / 7731: / 7722: / 7687:Working poor 7583: 7570:Robber baron 7465: 7393:Intellectual 7383:Royal family 7347:Ancient Rome 7201:second-class 7119: 7062: 7061: / 7056: 7052:High society 6959:Elite theory 6936: 6929: 6922: 6909:Social class 6849: 6825: 6806: 6785: 6767:. New York: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6734: 6720: 6706: 6699: 6685: 6676: 6657: 6643: 6625: 6611: 6604: 6579: 6559:. Retrieved 6529: 6520: 6512: 6507: 6496: 6487: 6476: 6467: 6456: 6447: 6436: 6427: 6416:. Retrieved 6412:the original 6407: 6384: 6375: 6354:. Retrieved 6351:www.royal.uk 6350: 6341: 6330:. Retrieved 6326: 6317: 6306:. Retrieved 6302: 6293: 6282:. Retrieved 6280:. 2024-03-11 6277: 6268: 6257:. Retrieved 6255:. 2024-03-22 6252: 6243: 6232:. Retrieved 6230:. 2024-03-18 6227: 6218: 6207:. Retrieved 6203: 6193: 6181:. Retrieved 6171: 6160:. Retrieved 6156: 6147: 6136:. Retrieved 6132: 6122: 6105: 6101: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6016: 6010: 5977: 5973: 5963: 5952:. Retrieved 5949:dokumen.tips 5948: 5939: 5928:. Retrieved 5924: 5915: 5906: 5897: 5889: 5882:. Retrieved 5876: 5869: 5861: 5857: 5849: 5837: 5825:. Retrieved 5820: 5811: 5799:. Retrieved 5785: 5774:. Retrieved 5770:the original 5760: 5746: 5735:. Retrieved 5731:the original 5721: 5706: 5690: 5676: 5670: 5661: 5652: 5644: 5636: 5625:. Retrieved 5621:the original 5611: 5590:cite journal 5558: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5483: 5476: 5465:. Retrieved 5453: 5443: 5432:. Retrieved 5428: 5397: 5382: 5377: 5365:. Retrieved 5350: 5343: 5335: 5330: 5315: 5310: 5294: 5278: 5273: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5234: 5187: 5180: 5164: 5156: 5147: 5131: 5126: 5103: 5100:Weir, Alison 5094: 5070: 5060: 5001: 4990: 4958:. Retrieved 4954:the original 4944: 4925: 4919: 4899: 4892: 4868: 4861: 4847: 4832: 4777: 4771: 4756: 4751: 4742: 4736: 4727: 4726:"Cavalier". 4721: 4710: 4703: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4669: 4664: 4656: 4651: 4643: 4638: 4629: 4623: 4611:. Retrieved 4605: 4598: 4587:. Retrieved 4572: 4565: 4557: 4552: 4541:. Retrieved 4537: 4528: 4517:. Retrieved 4513: 4489:. Retrieved 4475: 4463: 4452: 4443: 4436:. Retrieved 4422: 4414: 4394: 4386: 4381:Clark, p. 1. 4377: 4358: 4352: 4333: 4328: 4309: 4303: 4174:Conquistador 4110:Black knight 4042: 3974:Saint George 3814:Andrew Moray 3759: 3750: 3736: 3729: 3723: 3708: 3682: 3680: 3664: 3659: 3650: 3616: 3612: 3591:in 1910 and 3583:since 1901 ( 3565: 3550: 3536: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3472: 3446: 3431: 3415: 3400: 3379: 3357: 3318: 3295: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3223: 3219: 3217: 3159:such as the 3153: 3143: 3132: 3114: 3043: 2916: 2902: 2873: 2864: 2853:Please help 2848:verification 2845: 2766: 2693: 2676: 2670: 2646: 2637: 2634:White Knight 2601:, acting as 2589: 2542: 2521: 2487: 2483:grand collar 2475: 2456: 2446: 2435: 2430: 2424: 2415: 2402: 2400: 2391:Schloss Hart 2370: 2344: 2343: 2306: 2303: 2272: 2247: 2200: 2194: 2192:literature. 2174: 2172: 2161: 2136: 2130: 2119: 2113: 2108: 2101: 2091: 2081: 2072: 2062: 2052: 2038: 2032: 2018: 2010: 1956: 1896:Plate armour 1894: 1870:nasal helmet 1867: 1828: 1805: 1786: 1755: 1712:coat of arms 1707: 1705: 1683: 1643: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1609: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1557: 1553:Round Tables 1547:, attending 1540: 1530: 1516: 1498: 1482: 1460: 1430: 1416: 1412:long jumping 1392: 1390: 1364: 1362: 1334: 1332: 1324: 1305:such as the 1299:insurgencies 1292: 1285: 1279: 1276:petty nobles 1267:quid pro quo 1265: 1254: 1237: 1236:) ideals of 1221: 1203: 1196: 1182:(1128), the 1178:(1118), the 1157: 1148: 1144: 1142: 1135: 1111: 1072: 1034: 1028: 988: 985:ancient Rome 982: 961: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 899:vulgar Latin 894: 888: 883: 880:Roman Empire 872:social class 867: 863: 853: 842: 837: 835: 822: 818: 814: 798: 796: 792:guoter kneht 791: 783: 776: 775:, Norwegian 772: 768: 764: 760: 749: 737: 730: 728: 668: 609: 582: 574: 570: 566: 516: 510: 508: 499: 495: 493: 419: 280:Marcher lord 78: 64: 46: 37:This is the 31: 9195:Vexillology 9185:Numismatics 9046:Passage fee 9022:Ceremonies 8804:Grand Cross 8779:For wearing 8526:Grand Lodge 8456:Hospitaller 8438:Grand Cross 8383:By function 8236:By conferee 8210:decorations 8202:numismatics 8040:New Zealand 7757:Untouchable 7682:Proletariat 7672:Pea-pickers 7622:Bourgeoisie 7310:Aristocracy 7196:naturalized 7191:native-born 6526:"No. 30250" 6493:"No. 54597" 6473:"No. 54017" 6453:"No. 52120" 6433:"No. 27284" 6183:30 November 6067:11089/12551 4741:"Reidh- ". 4708:Old Russian 4468:Sabine Haag 4214:Juramentado 4209:Janissaries 4169:Condottieri 3959:Roger Bigod 3859:Gerard Thom 3756:) in 1149. 3725:Reconquista 3631:, when the 3605:Lady Fraser 3287:Norma Major 3074:Netherlands 3063:New Zealand 3045:countries: 2894:Pippo Spano 2867:August 2021 2773:Reconquista 2530:liege lords 2387:family seat 2355:Netherlands 2268:Mercenaries 2238:Landsknecht 2202:Don Quixote 2124:King Arthur 2074:Don Quixote 1948:Cuirassiers 1874:spangenhelm 1863:waffenrocks 1831:mail armour 1816:kite shield 1728:tournaments 1710:(bearing a 1685:pas d'armes 1591:Tournaments 1549:tournaments 1537:Ramon Llull 1521:(c. 1100), 1303:urban areas 1153:man-at-arms 1043:Carolingian 1039:Charlemagne 758:Old Frisian 735:Old English 660:King Arthur 648:men-at-arms 644:Charlemagne 579:Christendom 89:, from the 9306:Categories 9123:Fellowship 9081:Fraternity 9063:Collar day 9024:and events 8868:Collar pin 8690:Philosophy 8680:Literature 8514:Commandery 8395:Chancellor 8293:Commercial 8030:Luxembourg 7920:Inequality 7585:Superclass 7376:Hereditary 7352:Post-Roman 7343:Patrician 7213:adolescent 7037:Classicide 6582:. Oxford: 6572:References 6561:2011-08-23 6418:2009-11-19 6332:2024-04-13 6308:2024-07-04 6284:2024-04-13 6259:2024-04-13 6234:2024-04-13 6209:2024-07-04 6162:2024-07-04 6138:2024-07-04 6114:1970260646 5954:2023-10-12 5930:2023-10-12 5884:4 December 5827:January 2, 5776:2008-10-12 5737:2015-11-15 5686:0936388315 5627:2021-07-05 5467:2021-07-05 5434:2021-03-04 5367:4 December 4960:2015-11-05 4826:. Origins. 4613:18 January 4589:2017-06-18 4543:2009-04-07 4519:2009-04-07 4428:"Crusades" 4244:Mujahideen 4164:Cataphract 3654:Ménestrier 3440:, and the 3417:Chronicles 3291:John Major 3256:Dame Dench 3228:given name 3125:Elton John 3117:monarchies 3096:, and the 3053:using the 2903:After the 2763:until 1525 2578:, and the 2518:chevaliers 2434:and below 2397:, Austria) 2222:See also: 2182:humanities 2098:Pearl Poet 2009:Page from 1959:caparisons 1928:schynbalds 1882:great helm 1801:warhammers 1708:armigerous 1678:fought by 1622:hastiludes 1606:Tournament 1551:, holding 1513:Heroic Age 1509:liege lord 1110:and their 999:Ostrogoths 979:Bucellarii 920:, Spanish 916:: Italian 878:and early 856:Equestrian 771:, Swedish 654:, and the 500:knighthood 430:Druzhinnik 9113:Syndicate 9041:Feoffment 8963:Plaquette 8897:Epaulette 8863:Lapel pin 8858:Award pin 8830:Medal bar 8642:Volunteer 8520:Obedience 8504:Bailiwick 8470:Postulant 8446:Commander 8400:Treasurer 8263:Dynasties 8055:Sri Lanka 7948:Education 7915:Household 7808:Affluence 7743:Rat tribe 7705:Ant tribe 7677:Precariat 7662:Lazzaroni 7604:Bohemians 7565:Overclass 7560:Old money 7496:Spartiate 7471:Kshatriya 7461:Hashashin 7418:Professor 7359:Political 7332:Oligarchy 7322:Hanseaten 7240:Stateless 7220:Convicted 7152:By status 7115:Subaltern 7047:Euthenics 6979:New class 6869:2002-3680 6844:74-129966 6680:. London. 6599:85-235009 6356:April 13, 6076:1337-9453 5994:0013-8266 5647:pp. 52–53 5641:W. P. Ker 5550:161352227 5542:0003-5815 5503:137244800 5207:cite book 4984:. Nebula. 4234:Maharlika 4219:Kshatriya 4199:Housecarl 4194:Furusiyya 4189:Eso Ikoyi 3728:from the 3701:in 1558. 3607:was made 3593:Elizabeth 3587:in 1901, 3545:like the 3527:August II 3511:Chevalier 3468:see below 3453:astronaut 3380:Cavaliere 3372:Cavaliere 3333:Ministers 3252:Dame Judi 3236:Sir Elton 3121:republics 3119:and also 3086:see below 3057:and some 2999:) in 1687 2810:Calatrava 2800:Alcántara 2689:commoners 2673:baronetcy 2661:attainted 2416:Chevalier 2401:Likewise 2236:in 1525. 2106:, etc.). 1997:Minnesang 1950:like the 1912:rerebrace 1890:hounskull 1812:Dark Ages 1734:Equipment 1690:hastilude 1641:singing. 1608:from the 1578:chevalier 1433:Christmas 1404:wrestling 1395:agilities 1345:falconers 1239:furusiyya 1222:chevalier 1075:benefices 1007:comitatus 944:: German 934:cavaleiro 926:chevalier 924:, French 922:caballero 918:cavaliere 833:of land. 827:Æthelstan 767:, Danish 729:The word 725:Etymology 605:Holy Land 584:furusiyya 575:chevalier 533:. By the 521:. In the 342:Advocatus 337:Landgrave 327:Castellan 311:Ealdorman 9217:Nobility 9190:Heraldry 9180:Chivalry 9173:concepts 9171:Related 9072:Related 9053:Festival 9031:Accolade 8917:Campaign 8885:Heraldic 8761:insignia 8735:Scouting 8637:Politics 8589:Civilian 8555:Military 8546:by field 8420:Chaplain 8405:Assessor 8147:Category 8079:Historic 8000:Colombia 7990:Cambodia 7925:Personal 7823:Mobility 7752:Freedman 7738:Plebeian 7724:Prisoner 7710:Commoner 7596:Creative 7577:Seigneur 7543:Nobility 7501:Vanniyar 7486:Pendekar 7446:Cossacks 7080:Snobbery 6952:Theories 6823:(1906). 6801:98-32049 6771:, 1996. 6758:Chivalry 6745:08-31670 6632:, 2000. 6586:, 1985. 6110:ProQuest 6002:20108644 5068:(2003). 5032:"Knight" 4691:cabullus 4683:caballos 4534:"Knecht" 4510:"Knight" 4491:11 March 4438:11 March 4154:Baghatur 4125:Nobility 4075:Destrier 4038:Accolade 4031:See also 3791:, London 3764:— 3625:damehood 3493:and the 3393:and the 3302:gazetted 3298:accolade 3260:Ms Dench 3240:Sir John 3203:and the 3187:and the 3105:Holy See 3070:European 2909:chivalry 2905:Crusades 2820:Santiago 2562:and the 2534:nobility 2506:Normandy 2467:Freiherr 2453:Austrian 2395:Kindberg 2363:Jonkheer 2242:arquebus 2021:medieval 1981:Chivalry 1924:pauldron 1920:spaulder 1916:vambrace 1886:bascinet 1851:surcoats 1778:gauntlet 1720:surcoats 1716:heraldry 1702:Heraldry 1696:Heraldry 1639:minstrel 1585:Crusades 1574:Chivalry 1570:courtier 1545:jousting 1532:Parzival 1490:peasants 1479:Chivalry 1441:soldiers 1427:Accolade 1421:Accolade 1400:swimming 1341:huntsmen 1313:and the 1251:Training 1226:Crusades 1218:chivalry 1212:and the 1206:paladins 1174:(1100), 1162:and the 1113:demesnes 1003:infantry 930:chivalry 928:(whence 914:cavalier 910:caballus 906:caballos 902:caballus 838:rādcniht 817:. 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