3464:
2721:
60:
1840:
455:
1689:
3498:(1353â1412), who ruled all of Scandinavia as the mother of one king and the adoptive mother of another, held a similarly complicated unofficial position but for much longer, and in traditional history is given the title of Queen. Early in her career, she had been Queen consort of Norway for seventeen years and of Sweden for one year.
1894:
title of "queen", it would also be incongruous to call such a father of a monarch the "king father", as the husbands of queens regnant are not given the title "king", but rather titled as a prince. The exact title such a person would assume has not been clarified by royal lineage experts. "Prince father" is a possibility.
3587:
The male equivalent of a queen mother, being a male former monarch or consort who is the father of the reigning monarch, is sometimes known as the "king father" or another variation based on the title of the monarch or consort. If a king abdicates and passes the throne to his child, or if a reigning
3552:) died. As Helen had not yet divorced her playboy husband at the time (that was to happen in the following year), he unwittingly granted her the retroactive title of queen. Thus, in 1940, after his abdication and the second accession of their son, she rightfully became the queen mother of Romania.
1893:
There is no male equivalent to a queen mother (i.e. "king father"). This would occur only if the husband of a queen regnant outlived the queen and was thereafter father to the new king or queen. Such a situation has never occurred. Since the title "queen mother" derives from the woman's previous
1971:
tradition ("A mother's right is God's right"), the valide sultan would have a significant influence on the affairs of the empire. She had great power in the court and her own rooms (always adjacent to her son's) and state staff. In particular during the 17th century, in a period known as the
2082:
may not even be a blood relative of the reigning monarch. She could be a female individual of any age who is vested with the ritual essence of the departed queens in a ceremonial sense, and who is practically regarded as the monarch's mother as a result. A good example of this is
1746:
in Europe and is also used to describe a number of similar yet distinct monarchical concepts in non-European cultures around the world. The rank does not go to all mothers of monarchs though. A mother of a ruling monarch may only be referred to as queen mother if she was a
3946:
1797:
who abdicates, and is the mother of the current monarch would be the queen mother. In many countries, such as the United
Kingdom, a monarch loses the title of king or queen after abdication. For example,
2026:, reigns alongside her son. She serves as a ceremonial figurehead, while her son serves as the administrative head of state. He has absolute power. She is important at festivals such as the annual
3563:(1919â2009) was the third wife of her husband, the monarch, but not the mother of his successor, a son by the king's first wife. However, she has been accorded the title of queen mother (
422:
3548:
his father was king, and again after his father abdicated. When in 1930 Carol returned to
Romania and assumed the throne, he actually retrodated his reign to 1927, the year his father (
4132:
2568:(1952â2002) United Kingdom: the widow of King George VI and mother of Queen Elizabeth II. In some of the British media, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was often referred to as
1855:
The title "queen mother" evolved to distinguish a queen dowager from all other queens when she is also the mother of the reigning sovereign. Thus, upon the death of her husband,
4282:
4002:
1786:, a widow of a king, who is simultaneously a former queen consort and the mother of the current monarch. As there is only one monarch, there can only be one queen mother.
3967:
3938:
4205:
940:
415:
5821:
4244:
4103:
408:
2817:
2056:, the queen mother is the one through whom royal descent is reckoned and thus wields considerable power. One of the greatest leaders of Ashanti was
3655:
of Brunei abdicated, he became the "Begawan Sultan" or the sultan father. He was given the title of "His
Majesty The Sultan-Father", or in Malay,
2547:
2150:
3574:
or
Sultana mother was title which usually held by the mother of the reigning Ottoman Sultan, even though she may never have been chief consort (
3903:
3180:, because she thought it implied advancing years, choosing instead to be known as "Queen Mary" and that style was used to describe her in the
1963:
The second position the most important position in the
Ottoman Empire after the sultan himself and being more powerful in the hierarchy than
4869:
4697:
4612:
4351:
3479:(1301â1361), Duchess of Södermanland, acted and ranked as if she were a queen regnant for a year before the Swedish reign of her son, King
4031:
3093:
2529:
4124:
4266:
1875:
3986:
4766:
3385:
1806:, was sometimes colloquially referred to as the queen mother despite declining the title and having reverted to being a princess.
5084:
2575:
1581:
2110:
These mothers of monarchs, and others, albeit not always officially so titled have also been considered equal to queen mothers:
1890:. While the wife of a king is called "queen", there is no constitutional or statutory recognition of "queen mother" as a title.
1770:
and one of the few people to use the term as an official style. However, it is also used as an official title in
Thailand where
4356:
2823:
2535:
2038:
2037:
became Queen mother when her son King Letsie III became King. She served as Queen Mother until her death. There are many other
1547:
5136:
4691:
4276:
3662:
2937:
2499:
2367:
1927:
1874:
The title also distinguishes former queens consort from those who are simply the mother of the current monarch. For example,
1174:
1148:
5101:
4321:
3367:
2991:
2781:
2553:
2493:
2487:
2415:
1717:
4213:
5589:
3289:
3033:
3003:
2733:
2653:
2283:
2277:
2210:
1133:
733:
2713:
5594:
3601:
of
Cambodia was styled as "His Majesty King Father Norodom Sihanouk" when he abdicated the throne in favor of his son,
3463:
3301:
2745:
2481:
856:
4859:
4169:
4097:
3295:
3241:
3253:
5404:
3159:
2565:
2355:
1848:
1763:
3361:
4802:
4346:
4236:
2757:
2253:
2099:
1821:
A former queen consort who is the grandmother of the reigning monarch is sometimes called the queen grandmother.
1588:
1179:
49:
975:
5381:
4884:
4085:
3612:
3409:
3199:
1303:
896:
3504:(1598â1674) was neither consort of a ruling king nor a ruling queen or regent. In practical terms her husband
5218:
3911:
3235:
3075:
3039:
2835:
2511:
2373:
2098:
or queen mother of every succeeding king of that realm, due to the activities of the three successors to her
524:
454:
31:
5872:
4854:
4842:
4361:
3795:
2865:
1015:
3730:
The following individuals hold a similar role as mothers or fathers of their country's reigning monarchs:
2523:
5735:
5649:
5544:
5459:
5376:
4874:
4746:
4601:
3533:
3379:
3057:
2739:
2617:
1365:
5882:
5797:
5386:
5284:
3740:
3618:
3373:
3027:
2913:
2439:
2289:
2034:
1803:
1799:
1537:
1360:
1169:
1049:
5574:
3045:
718:
5852:
5539:
5474:
5464:
5449:
4784:
4731:
4641:
3876:
3840:
3451:
3111:
2847:
2763:
2683:
2319:
2192:
1542:
1397:
1143:
803:
5674:
2720:
748:
5294:
5274:
5239:
5192:
5146:
4498:
4314:
3920:
3705:
3676:
3626:
3439:
2895:
1939:
1919:
1710:
886:
836:
643:
2805:
985:
5917:
5172:
4864:
4847:
4837:
4812:
4656:
4382:
4161:
3881:
3652:
2769:
2635:
2587:
2463:
2433:
2331:
2222:
2068:
2013:
1976:", a series of incompetent or child sultans raised the role of the valide sultan to new heights.
1259:
866:
534:
3758:
3331:
1814:
abdicated but retained the title of king, has generally been referred to as the queen mother of
5922:
5892:
5807:
5654:
5366:
5299:
5167:
5116:
5048:
4948:
4938:
4736:
4671:
4478:
4407:
3746:
3641:
3608:
3526:: after her son became king in 1928 she was raised to the title Queen Mother of the Albanians (
3247:
3015:
2629:
2337:
2204:
1807:
1630:
1377:
1138:
945:
601:
4023:
3588:
queen abdicates or dies and is survived by her husband, he might acquire a substantive title.
5927:
5877:
5857:
5837:
5700:
5664:
5619:
5564:
5356:
5351:
5126:
5073:
4898:
4807:
4776:
4716:
4666:
4448:
4438:
3889:
3530:) with the style of Her Majesty, a position she held from September 1, 1928, until her death.
3495:
3271:
3021:
2973:
2931:
2593:
2421:
2409:
2295:
2132:
2120:
1834:
1463:
1407:
1039:
482:
27:
5028:
3694:
970:
758:
5862:
5781:
5745:
5695:
5554:
5479:
5264:
5141:
4933:
4708:
4686:
4681:
4646:
4588:
3711:
In the former
Chinese Empire, a living monarch who passed the throne to his son was called
3686:
3666:
3633:
3549:
3445:
3277:
3265:
3187:
3069:
3063:
2967:
2799:
2647:
2475:
2403:
2385:
2168:
2156:
1811:
1490:
1120:
1109:
1059:
1020:
1010:
349:
1839:
960:
950:
768:
8:
5887:
5832:
5669:
5659:
5644:
5634:
5599:
5529:
5444:
5414:
5361:
5078:
4832:
4827:
4726:
4721:
4488:
4443:
4402:
4307:
3734:
3701:
3690:
3645:
3537:
3519:
3491:
in biographical literature, she was never officially recognized as queen or queen mother.
3483:, and thereafter as if she were his queen mother, serving intermittently on his board of
3480:
3123:
3009:
2979:
2949:
2943:
2889:
2877:
2775:
2599:
2581:
2559:
2517:
2505:
2391:
2379:
2343:
2027:
1815:
1743:
1703:
1635:
1093:
1080:
1067:
591:
3838:
is defined as "A Queen dowager who is the mother of the reigning sovereign" by both the
793:
743:
59:
5786:
5609:
5604:
5569:
5549:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5489:
5484:
5429:
5336:
5182:
5053:
4943:
4923:
4879:
4822:
4817:
4794:
4761:
4751:
4741:
4623:
3541:
3476:
3337:
3283:
3193:
3105:
3081:
2919:
2811:
2793:
2751:
2665:
2641:
2623:
2427:
2397:
2349:
2301:
2174:
2114:
1973:
1886:"queen mother" as her husband was never a king. The title in British usage is purely a
1655:
1532:
1473:
1402:
1200:
1187:
1161:
818:
663:
529:
2997:
2907:
5812:
5802:
5765:
5639:
5624:
5499:
5469:
5439:
5434:
5409:
5346:
5341:
5331:
5202:
5151:
5038:
5033:
4756:
4392:
4377:
4272:
4165:
4093:
3994:
3770:
3433:
3355:
3319:
3313:
3223:
3211:
2955:
2829:
2695:
2677:
2659:
2541:
2451:
2325:
2216:
2138:
2126:
1947:
1660:
1645:
1564:
1254:
1125:
1072:
1054:
1000:
980:
965:
955:
788:
773:
723:
703:
571:
519:
514:
492:
487:
439:
396:
41:
3307:
19:"Princess Mother" redirects here. For Princess Mother Srinagraidra of Thailand, see
5828:
5792:
5710:
5534:
5304:
5249:
5212:
5187:
5177:
5111:
5063:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4651:
4397:
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3349:
3147:
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3135:
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2901:
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2611:
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2057:
1956:
1752:
1672:
1571:
1520:
1005:
920:
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539:
308:
172:
5705:
5454:
5424:
5419:
5279:
5269:
5234:
5224:
5207:
5043:
4998:
4913:
4631:
4606:
4453:
3800:
3776:
3343:
3259:
3051:
2871:
2445:
2361:
2228:
2180:
2162:
1693:
1264:
1192:
1156:
1088:
995:
990:
935:
808:
783:
728:
365:
74:
2883:
5847:
5629:
5614:
5579:
5319:
5314:
5197:
5131:
5003:
4661:
4636:
4541:
4458:
4412:
3713:
3611:
became the king father of Bhutan following his abdication in favor of his son,
3509:
3391:
3229:
3205:
3181:
3129:
3117:
2961:
2186:
2084:
2064:
2053:
2045:
1909:
1887:
1879:
1822:
1502:
1424:
930:
688:
611:
566:
225:
199:
160:
5911:
5494:
5259:
5254:
4676:
4534:
4493:
4473:
4153:
3998:
3815:
3805:
3622:
3575:
3571:
3427:
3397:
3153:
3087:
2925:
2707:
2701:
2605:
2075:
2060:
1964:
1914:
1903:
1863:
became queen mother, retaining the status throughout the reigns of her sons,
1794:
1783:
1748:
1735:
1620:
1515:
1495:
1485:
1298:
823:
813:
753:
713:
708:
549:
391:
127:
122:
117:
20:
5023:
3904:"Announcement of the royal title Her Majesty Queen Sirikit the Queen Mother"
2724:
Queen Hedwig
Eleanor of Sweden (née Princess of Holstein-Gottorp) was twice
5584:
5106:
5068:
4968:
4551:
3782:
3556:
3165:
2985:
2859:
2689:
2572:, and the term "Queen Mother" remained associated with her after her death.
2234:
1931:
1860:
1844:
1774:, the mother of the present king, is officially styled "The Queen Mother".
1767:
1766:(queen consort, 1936â1952; queen mother, 1952â2002), who was the mother of
1480:
1355:
1320:
1104:
925:
798:
763:
621:
220:
184:
107:
102:
1414:
5816:
5325:
5121:
5013:
5008:
4928:
4519:
4503:
3681:
3670:
3217:
3169:
2313:
2049:
1864:
1650:
1615:
1387:
1345:
1291:
1249:
1219:
1044:
778:
658:
559:
3870:
1742:. The term has been used in English since the early 1560s. It arises in
1688:
5371:
5309:
5228:
4468:
4433:
3810:
3168:(1936â1952) United Kingdom: widow of King George V and mother of kings
2087:
2023:
1790:
1507:
1458:
1382:
876:
698:
626:
477:
139:
3512:
and became its sovereign. Hence she is given the title Queen Mother â
2041:
tribal monarchies, most of whom have served as regents to their sons.
1313:
5730:
5720:
5289:
4596:
4483:
3403:
3173:
2457:
2259:
2198:
2144:
1868:
1640:
1625:
1576:
1527:
1436:
1392:
1372:
1340:
1284:
1274:
1229:
1224:
846:
653:
636:
606:
386:
282:
277:
267:
251:
86:
5867:
5750:
5740:
5559:
5058:
4330:
4054:
The Royal Family of
Thailand: The Descendants of King Chulalongkorn
2240:
2019:
1999:
1993:
1856:
1610:
1554:
1419:
1279:
648:
581:
446:
370:
313:
292:
272:
262:
215:
210:
167:
144:
2074:
In more symbolically driven societies such as the kingdoms of the
5760:
5715:
5690:
5244:
4953:
4571:
4524:
4463:
4387:
4341:
3764:
3505:
3501:
3325:
2853:
2841:
1935:
1926:) or sultana mother was the title held by the mother of a ruling
1771:
1739:
1667:
1559:
1468:
1350:
1308:
1269:
738:
596:
576:
544:
472:
381:
344:
339:
230:
69:
5842:
5755:
5018:
4918:
4561:
4417:
4158:
The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
3560:
3484:
3468:
2725:
1598:
631:
360:
334:
318:
287:
189:
155:
4237:"Qatar's Father Emir flown to Switzerland to treat broken leg"
3636:
of the Belgians abdicated in 2013, his style was shortened to
3621:
became the "Father Emir" of Qatar following his abdication as
4299:
2091:
1989:
1968:
1603:
1593:
693:
554:
323:
303:
241:
5725:
4566:
4556:
4546:
4529:
3415:
2728:
of that country, once for her only son, once for a grandson
1985:
1431:
246:
194:
179:
97:
81:
3987:"Princess Juliana, Former Dutch Monarch, Is Dead at 94"
3508:
was a nobleman under other rulers, but her son founded
3868:
4065:
U.S. National Archives, "When Queen Elizabeth Dies",
4206:"Cambodia mourns as 'King-Father' Sihanouk cremated"
4090:
The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918
4056:. Bangkok : Phitsanulok Publishing, 1989, p. 64
4024:"Belgium's queen mother flies home for health tests"
3657:
Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan,
1930:. The title was first used in the 16th century for
3869:
3936:
5909:
1789:It is unclear if a queen consort whose husband
2063:(1840â1921), who led her subjects against the
4315:
4203:
3939:"What will happen when The Queen steps down?"
2548:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
1762:Queen Mother" usually, in English, refers to
1711:
416:
3846:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
3896:
3659:and this office became vacant when he died.
1878:was "the queen's mother" when her daughter
4322:
4308:
4268:Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam
3771:Queen Norodom the Queen Mother of Cambodia
1718:
1704:
423:
409:
2674:(1039â1043), Germany, Italy, and Burgundy
2165:(1056â1077), Germany, Italy, and Burgundy
2004:- literally, mother of the king/monarch.
1876:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1802:, who abdicated in favor of her daughter
4079:
4077:
4075:
3462:
3386:Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
2719:
1992:) who becomes queen-mother was known in
1838:
3968:"Dutch Queen Mother Juliana Dies at 94"
5910:
4357:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
4234:
4034:from the original on December 14, 2022
3984:
3725:
3540:from 1921 to 1928, and mother of King
3487:. However, though she has been called
1149:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
4587:
4303:
4264:
4125:"Can Muslims Celebrate Mother's Day?"
4083:
4072:
3937:Eksouzian-Cavadas, Ana (2020-11-04).
1955:
1825:of Thailand was known by this style.
26:For the African use of the term, see
3890:participating institution membership
3717:. This title was last bestowed upon
3458:
3368:Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg
2102:that have reigned since her demise.
1942:, superseding the previous title of
1923:
52:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
3034:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
2734:Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
2654:Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
2211:Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2105:
1818:despite not being a queen dowager.
1081:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
13:
4352:List of current sovereign monarchs
4258:
4204:Denis D. Gray (February 4, 2013).
4135:from the original on March 3, 2016
3202:(1999â2016) Ashanti people (Ghana)
3176:. Queen Mary never used the title
2874:(1778â1823) Hawaii (United States)
2856:(1598â1674) Maratha Empire (India)
2262:(11th century BC) Israel and Judah
1984:In India, a queen (usually styled
1967:. As the mother to the sultan, by
1882:became queen regnant, but she was
14:
5939:
4181:Michie, God Save The Queen at 290
3919:(15b). 2019-05-05. Archived from
2662:(1309â1350) Majapahit (Indonesia)
1897:
1828:
4870:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4265:Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009-12-22).
3777:Empress Emerita Michiko of Japan
2820:(1284â1324) Cyprus and Jerusalem
2766:(1649â1669) England and Scotland
2538:(1254â1268) Jerusalem and Sicily
2356:Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
1849:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1764:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1687:
1050:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
453:
200:Prince-elector, Princess-elector
58:
4347:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
4285:from the original on 2022-11-21
4247:from the original on 2022-10-06
4228:
4197:
4184:
4175:
4147:
4117:
4106:from the original on 2022-04-07
4005:from the original on 2021-09-24
3949:from the original on 2021-09-24
3544:. Michael first ruled 1927â30,
2994:(1576â1603) Hungary and Bohemia
2758:Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
2614:(1035â1052) Denmark and England
2590:(1440â1442) Bohemia and Hungary
2562:(1382â1387) Hungary and Croatia
2550:(1745â1750) Hungary and Bohemia
2514:(1705â1720) Hungary and Bohemia
2322:(1825â1830) Portugal and Brazil
2254:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1180:Spanish transition to democracy
857:Les Six livres de la RĂ©publique
4329:
4059:
4046:
4016:
3985:Simons, Marlise (2004-03-21).
3978:
3960:
3930:
3862:
3828:
3735:Ndlovukati Ntfombi of Eswatini
3613:Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
3582:
3528:Nëna Mbretëreshë e Shqiptarëve
3471:of Norway and Sweden 1318â1319
3410:Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
3388:(1746â1766) Denmark and Norway
3370:(1670â1685) Denmark and Norway
3364:(1588â1631) Denmark and Norway
3254:Pauline Therese of WĂŒrttemberg
3200:Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem II
2916:(1990â1995, 1996â2003) Lesotho
2442:(1559â1571) Denmark and Norway
2436:(1481â1495) Denmark and Norway
2382:(1513â1521) Denmark and Norway
2358:(1699â1714) Denmark and Norway
1988:, or in the Muslim tradition,
897:Democracy: The God That Failed
1:
4235:Walker, Lesley (2015-12-29).
3912:Royal Thai Government Gazette
3855:
3783:Queen Margrethe II of Denmark
3362:Sophie of Mecklenburg-GĂŒstrow
3358:(1917â1920, 1922â1924) Greece
3278:Ratna Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah
3238:(1913â1917, 1920â1922) Greece
3236:Olga Constantinovna of Russia
3040:Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
3018:(1759â1760) Naples and Sicily
2850:(1859â1876) Sweden and Norway
2512:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
2430:(1844â1859) Sweden and Norway
2418:(1285â1302) Aragon and Sicily
2374:Christina of Holstein-Gottorp
2244:
2183:(1358â1369, 1382â1386) Cyprus
1946:("cradle of the great"). The
1175:Birth of the Italian Republic
32:Queen mother (disambiguation)
4362:List of monarchy referendums
3644:); he is the father of King
3522:(1876â1934), mother of King
3436:(1284â1295) Castile and LeĂłn
3006:(1350â1357) Castile and LeĂłn
3000:(1295â1312) Castile and LeĂłn
2862:(1379â1381) Castile and LeĂłn
2412:(1312â1313) Castile and LeĂłn
2035:Queen Mamohato Bereng Seeiso
185:Crown prince, Crown princess
16:Mother of a reigning monarch
7:
3789:
3591:
3536:was the wife of the future
3534:Helen of Greece and Denmark
3380:Sophia Magdalena of Denmark
3332:SofĂa of Greece and Denmark
3058:Maria Leopoldina of Austria
2740:Helen of Greece and Denmark
2714:Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe
2618:Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont
2129:(973â983) Germany and Italy
2094:, who has been seen as the
1738:, who is the mother of the
1734:is a former queen, often a
1134:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
1060:Birth of the Dutch Republic
10:
5944:
3741:Beatrix of the Netherlands
3700:Following his abdication,
3619:Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
3430:(1648â1683) Ottoman Empire
3374:Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
3298:(1595â1604) Ottoman Empire
3274:(1876â1904) Ottoman Empire
3232:(1574â1583) Ottoman Empire
3072:(1792) Hungary and Bohemia
3028:Maria Christina of Austria
2886:(1623â1648) Ottoman Empire
2710:(1617â1623) Ottoman Empire
2704:(1603â1605) Ottoman Empire
2692:(1520â1534) Ottoman Empire
2440:Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg
2290:Beatrix of the Netherlands
2171:(1910â1925) United Kingdom
2011:
1950:pronunciation of the word
1901:
1832:
1800:Juliana of the Netherlands
1782:A queen mother is often a
1170:Siamese revolution of 1932
25:
18:
5774:
5683:
5397:
5160:
5094:
4906:
4897:
4793:
4775:
4707:
4622:
4580:
4512:
4426:
4370:
4337:
4192:Norsk Historisk Tidskrift
3877:Oxford English Dictionary
3841:Oxford English Dictionary
3765:Queen Sirikit of Thailand
3494:Her granddaughter-in-law
3400:(1907â1909) Persia (Iran)
3394:(1941â1979) Persia (Iran)
3112:Mariana Victoria of Spain
2928:(1909â1925) Persia (Iran)
2922:(1848â1873) Persia (Iran)
2848:Josephine of Leuchtenberg
2764:Henrietta Maria of France
2684:Gunnhild, Mother of Kings
2320:Carlota Joaquina of Spain
2193:Amalie Auguste of Bavaria
2039:queen mothers in Africa's
2007:
1777:
1144:5 October 1910 Revolution
1040:Birth of the Roman Empire
140:Grand duke, Grand duchess
4499:Self-proclaimed monarchy
3821:
3706:Maximilian II of Bavaria
3677:Ferdinand II of Portugal
3663:Francisco, Duke of CĂĄdiz
3627:Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
3440:Victoria, Princess Royal
3102:(1605â1623) Mughal India
3094:Maria Theresa of Austria
3048:(1830â1848) Two Sicilies
2896:Louisa Ulrika of Prussia
2698:(1556â1604) Mughal India
2422:Damit binti Abdul Rahman
1979:
1940:Suleiman the Magnificent
887:Considerations on France
4767:Vatican City (Holy See)
4162:Oxford University Press
3882:Oxford University Press
3653:Omar Ali Saifuddien III
3638:His Majesty King Albert
3418:(14th century BC) Egypt
3256:(1864â1873) WĂŒrttemberg
3248:Paola Ruffo di Calabria
3046:MarĂa Isabella of Spain
2986:Margrethe II of Denmark
2914:'Mamohato Bereng Seeiso
2770:Hortense de Beauharnais
2636:Estrid of the Obotrites
2620:(1890â1934) Netherlands
2588:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
2464:Eleanor of Alburquerque
2434:Dorothea of Brandenburg
2292:(from 2013) Netherlands
2225:(1849â1865) Netherlands
2223:Anna Pavlovna of Russia
2069:War of the Golden Stool
2022:, the queen mother, or
2014:Queen mothers in Africa
1503:Emperor system of Japan
50:Imperial, royal, noble,
5049:Islands of Refreshment
4479:Legitimacy (political)
4030:. September 26, 2018.
3747:Queen Paola of Belgium
3665:, the king consort of
3609:Jigme Singye Wangchuck
3472:
3448:(1861â1908) Qing China
3244:(899â903) East Francia
3016:Maria Amalia of Saxony
3012:(1934â1945) Yugoslavia
2868:(940â943) West Francia
2729:
2668:(954â984) West Francia
2630:Ermengarde de Beaumont
2608:(986â987) West Francia
2576:Elizabeth of Carinthia
2454:(936â951) West Francia
2338:Catherine of Lancaster
2141:(898â901) West Francia
1852:
1843:The widowed mother of
1808:Queen Paola of Belgium
1378:Enlightened absolutism
387:Gentleman, Gentlewoman
30:. For other uses, see
4860:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4449:Criticism of monarchy
4439:Abolition of monarchy
4216:on September 20, 2016
4084:Davis, Fanny (1986).
3689:, was king father to
3669:, was king father to
3625:in favor of his son,
3510:an independent empire
3467:Duchess Ingeborg was
3466:
3022:Maria Anna of Austria
2974:Margaret Skulesdatter
2844:(c.852â842 BC) Israel
2806:Isabella of AngoulĂȘme
2723:
2410:Constance of Portugal
2296:Berengaria of Castile
2133:Adelaide of Maurienne
2121:Adelaide of Aquitaine
1842:
1835:British queen mothers
1744:hereditary monarchies
483:Divine right of kings
263:Viscount, Viscountess
211:Marquess, Marchioness
145:Archduke, Archduchess
87:High king, High queen
28:Queen mother (Africa)
4692:United Arab Emirates
4052:Finestone, Jeffrey.
3759:Queen SofĂa of Spain
3687:Maria II of Portugal
3671:Alfonso XII of Spain
3452:Zein al-Sharaf Talal
3328:(from 2016) Thailand
3316:(1910â1919) Thailand
3266:Plaisance of Antioch
3226:(from 2004) Cambodia
3190:(1567â1587) Scotland
3188:Mary, Queen of Scots
3156:(1542â1560) Scotland
3150:(1460â1463) Scotland
3120:(1249â1285) Scotland
3114:(1777â1781) Portugal
3096:(1849â1855) Sardinia
3084:(1889â1908) Portugal
3076:Maria Luisa of Spain
3070:Maria Luisa of Spain
3064:Maria Luisa of Parma
3024:(1750â1754) Portugal
2968:Margaret of Provence
2964:(1513â1541) Scotland
2910:(1656â1666) Portugal
2838:(1437â1445) Scotland
2826:(1474â1496) Portugal
2824:Isabella of Portugal
2800:Isabella II of Spain
2680:(1943â1946) Bulgaria
2648:Frederica of Hanover
2632:(1214â1233) Scotland
2596:(1325â1336) Portugal
2566:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
2554:Elizabeth of Austria
2536:Elisabeth of Bavaria
2530:Elisabeth of Bavaria
2490:(1438â1445) Portugal
2476:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2404:Constance of Hungary
2386:Clementia of Hungary
2368:Christina of Denmark
2332:Catherine de' Medici
2286:(1357â1359) Portugal
2280:(1279â1303) Portugal
2207:(1908â1910) Portugal
2169:Alexandra of Denmark
2157:Agnes of Brandenburg
2127:Adelaide of Burgundy
1121:Unification of Italy
1110:Second French Empire
273:Burgrave, Burgravine
216:Margrave, Margravine
5888:Trinidad and Tobago
5775:Commonwealth realms
5660:United Baltic Duchy
4803:Antigua and Barbuda
4795:Commonwealth realms
4489:Order of succession
4271:. Scarecrow Press.
4190:Grethe Authén Blom
3880:(Online ed.).
3726:Current comparisons
3704:was king father to
3702:Ludwig I of Bavaria
3691:Pedro V of Portugal
3646:Philippe of Belgium
3538:Carol II of Romania
3442:(1888â1901) Prussia
3412:(1848â1854) Bavaria
3376:(1740â1757) Prussia
3346:(1182â1198) Denmark
3292:(1074â1077) Hungary
3250:(from 2013) Belgium
3144:(1930â1938) Romania
3138:(1864â1889) Bavaria
3090:(1765â1780) Germany
3078:(1803â1807) Etruria
2988:(from 2024) Denmark
2980:Margherita of Savoy
2958:(1259â1282) Denmark
2950:Margaret of Navarre
2944:Margaret of Durazzo
2940:(1253â1256) Navarre
2938:Margaret of Bourbon
2932:Margaret of Denmark
2904:(1912â1926) Denmark
2892:(1278â1285) Bohemia
2890:Kunigunda of Halych
2814:(1327â1358) England
2808:(1216â1246) England
2790:(1972â2000) Denmark
2782:Ingeborg of Denmark
2776:Huzaima bint Nasser
2748:(1141â1146) Hungary
2742:(1940â1947) Romania
2656:(1797â1805) Prussia
2644:(1162â1193) Hungary
2600:Elizabeth Woodville
2594:Elizabeth of Aragon
2584:(1272â1290) Hungary
2582:Elizabeth the Cuman
2560:Elizabeth of Bosnia
2532:(1934â1951) Belgium
2518:Elena of Montenegro
2508:(1272â1291) England
2506:Eleanor of Provence
2502:(1342â1380) Hungary
2500:Elizabeth of Poland
2478:(1189â1204) England
2416:Constance of Sicily
2406:(1230â1240) Bohemia
2394:(1204â1205) Hungary
2392:Constance of Aragon
2380:Christina of Saxony
2346:(1401â1437) England
2344:Catherine of Valois
2340:(1406â1418) Castile
2298:(1217â1246) Castile
2284:Beatrice of Castile
2278:Beatrice of Castile
2219:(1063â1074) Hungary
2213:(1947â1952) Denmark
2159:(1286â1304) Denmark
1957:[vaË.liËde]
1694:Politics portal
1094:First French Empire
1068:Glorious Revolution
340:Baronet, Baronetess
3991:The New York Times
3695:LuĂs I of Portugal
3667:Isabel II of Spain
3542:Michael of Romania
3477:Ingeborg of Norway
3473:
3454:(1952â1994) Jordan
3424:(from 2006) Bhutan
3382:(1792â1809) Sweden
3352:(1907â1913) Sweden
3340:(1434â1461) Poland
3338:Sophia of Halshany
3304:(1196â1208) Aragon
3286:(1216â1220) Sweden
3284:Rikissa of Denmark
3268:(1254â1261) Cyprus
3262:(1952â1972) Bhutan
3214:(1889â1903) Serbia
3196:(1951â1952) Jordan
3194:Musbah bint Nasser
3162:(1309â1323) Naples
3142:Marie of Edinburgh
3132:(1461â1463) France
3126:(1610â1642) France
3106:Mariana of Austria
3082:Maria Pia of Savoy
3042:(1632â1654) Sweden
2976:(1263â1270) Norway
2970:(1270â1285) France
2952:(1166â1183) Sicily
2946:(1386â1412) Naples
2934:(1380â1387) Norway
2920:Malek Jahan Khanom
2898:(1771â1782) Sweden
2880:(1972â2006) Bhutan
2832:(1333â1339) Poland
2818:Isabella of Ibelin
2812:Isabella of France
2796:(1422â1435) France
2794:Isabeau of Bavaria
2784:(1280â1287) Norway
2760:(1398â1421) Cyprus
2754:(1290â1318) Sweden
2752:Helvig of Holstein
2736:(1660â1697) Sweden
2730:
2666:Gerberga of Saxony
2650:(1964â1973) Greece
2642:Euphrosyne of Kiev
2638:(1022â1035) Sweden
2626:(887â897) Provence
2624:Ermengard of Italy
2578:(1342â1352) Sicily
2556:(1492â1505) Poland
2526:(978â1000) England
2494:Eleanor of England
2484:(1369â1382) Cyprus
2472:(1337â1341) Sicily
2466:(1416â1435) Aragon
2424:(1967â1978) Brunei
2400:(1031â1032) France
2398:Constance of Arles
2376:(1611â1625) Sweden
2370:(1167â1170) Sweden
2364:(1195â1200) Sweden
2350:Charlotte of Savoy
2334:(1559â1589) France
2328:(1473â1474) Cyprus
2316:(1548â1557) Poland
2310:(1343â1362) Norway
2304:(1226â1252) France
2302:Blanche of Castile
2268:(937â966) Burgundy
2237:(1060â1075) France
2231:(1643â1666) France
2195:(1873â1877) Saxony
2177:(1218â1246) Cyprus
2175:Alice of Champagne
2153:(1137â1159) Aragon
2151:Agnes of Aquitaine
2135:(1137â1154) France
2117:(1180â1206) France
2115:Adela of Champagne
1974:Sultanate of Women
1853:
1845:Queen Elizabeth II
1768:Queen Elizabeth II
1533:List of monarchies
1334:Related ideologies
1201:Nepalese Civil War
1188:Iranian Revolution
1162:Russian Revolution
1157:Chinese Revolution
1139:German unification
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5590:Piedmont-Sardinia
5342:Sip Song Chau Tai
5152:Thirteen Colonies
4893:
4892:
4278:978-0-8108-7078-9
4241:Doha News | Qatar
4154:Peirce, Leslie P.
4067:Prologue Magazine
3974:. March 21, 2004.
3888:(Subscription or
3459:Exceptional cases
3434:Violant of Aragon
3406:(983â991) Germany
3356:Sophia of Prussia
3334:(from 2014) Spain
3320:Sibylla of Acerra
3314:Saovabha Phongsri
3302:Sancha of Castile
3290:Richeza of Poland
3280:(1972â2008) Nepal
3224:Norodom Monineath
3220:(1936â1952) Egypt
3208:(1952â1953) Egypt
3108:(1665â1696) Spain
3066:(1808â1819) Spain
3036:(1833â1868) Spain
3030:(1886â1929) Spain
3004:Maria of Portugal
2982:(1900â1926) Italy
2956:Margaret Sambiria
2866:Judith of Bavaria
2830:Jadwiga of Kalisz
2802:(1874â1885) Spain
2716:(2006â2017) Tonga
2696:Hamida Banu Begum
2678:Giovanna of Italy
2660:Gayatri Rajapatni
2544:(1759â1766) Spain
2542:Elisabeth Farnese
2488:Eleanor of Aragon
2482:Eleanor of Aragon
2452:Eadgifu of Wessex
2326:Catherine Cornaro
2274:(768â783) Francia
2217:Anastasia of Kiev
2205:Amélie of Orléans
2139:Adelaide of Paris
2123:(996â1004) France
1793:the throne, or a
1728:
1727:
1126:Meiji Restoration
1073:French Revolution
1055:Tsarist autocracy
1016:Popescu-TÄriceanu
515:Abdication system
493:Royal prerogative
488:Mandate of Heaven
433:
432:
397:Lord of the Manor
361:Knight, Chevalier
5935:
5829:Irish Free State
5595:PolandâLithuania
4904:
4903:
4855:Papua New Guinea
4585:
4584:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4301:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4212:. Archived from
4201:
4195:
4194:Oslo 1981 p. 425
4188:
4182:
4179:
4173:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4081:
4070:
4063:
4057:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3908:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3873:
3866:
3849:
3832:
3753:Moza bint Nasser
3719:Qianlong Emperor
3603:Norodom Sihamoni
3599:Norodom Sihanouk
3524:Zog I of Albania
3422:Tshering Yangdon
3350:Sophia of Nassau
3310:(1065â1067) LeĂłn
3148:Mary of Guelders
3136:Marie of Prussia
3124:Marie de' Medici
3100:Mariam-uz-Zamani
3010:Maria of Romania
2992:Maria of Austria
2902:Louise of Sweden
2788:Ingrid of Sweden
2778:(1933â1935) Iraq
2746:Helena of Serbia
2686:(961â970) Norway
2672:Gisela of Swabia
2612:Emma of Normandy
2470:Eleanor of Anjou
2460:(899â902) Wessex
2448:(939â955) Wessex
2308:Blanche of Namur
2272:Bertrada of Laon
2266:Bertha of Swabia
2250:â 841 BCE) Judah
2249:
2246:
2201:(1810â1826) Siam
2189:(1939â1950) Iraq
2106:Notable examples
1959:
1925:
1810:, whose husband
1753:princess consort
1751:as opposed to a
1740:reigning monarch
1720:
1713:
1706:
1692:
1691:
1572:Philosopher king
902:
892:
882:
872:
862:
852:
842:
804:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
540:Crowned republic
525:Chinese Legalist
464:Central concepts
457:
435:
434:
425:
418:
411:
70:Emperor, Empress
62:
37:
36:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5897:
5822:princely states
5770:
5706:Kingdom of Fiji
5679:
5425:Austria-Hungary
5393:
5156:
5090:
4889:
4875:Solomon Islands
4789:
4771:
4703:
4618:
4576:
4508:
4454:Democratization
4422:
4366:
4333:
4328:
4298:
4297:
4288:
4286:
4279:
4263:
4259:
4250:
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4189:
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4109:
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4073:
4064:
4060:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4008:
4006:
3983:
3979:
3972:Washington Post
3966:
3965:
3961:
3952:
3950:
3943:Vogue Australia
3935:
3931:
3926:on May 5, 2019.
3923:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3887:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3801:Empress dowager
3792:
3728:
3594:
3585:
3489:the King Mother
3461:
3344:Sophia of Minsk
3260:Phuntsho Choden
3212:Natalija Keshko
3160:Mary of Hungary
3060:(1826) Portugal
3052:Maria Laskarina
2998:MarĂa de Molina
2908:Luisa de GuzmĂĄn
2446:Eadgifu of Kent
2362:Christina Hvide
2247:
2229:Anne of Austria
2181:Alice of Ibelin
2163:Agnes of Poitou
2147:(894â898) Italy
2108:
2016:
2010:
1996:and Hindi as a
1982:
1920:Ottoman Turkish
1906:
1900:
1837:
1831:
1780:
1724:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1193:Modern Cambodia
1166:
1130:
1114:
1098:
1089:Trienio Liberal
1077:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1025:
915:
907:
906:
905:
900:
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
678:
670:
669:
668:
644:Self-proclaimed
509:
501:
500:
497:
465:
440:Politics series
429:
366:Imperial Knight
304:Baron, Baroness
242:Count, Countess
51:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5941:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5918:Queens consort
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
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5890:
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5771:
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5728:
5723:
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5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5580:Ottoman Empire
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5540:Kartli-Kakheti
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5222:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4949:Central Africa
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4908:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4885:United Kingdom
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4542:Prince regnant
4539:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4459:Decolonization
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4413:Personal union
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4383:Constitutional
4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4295:
4277:
4257:
4227:
4196:
4183:
4174:
4146:
4116:
4098:
4071:
4058:
4045:
4015:
3977:
3959:
3929:
3895:
3871:"Queen mother"
3860:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3714:Taishang Huang
3709:
3698:
3674:
3660:
3649:
3630:
3616:
3606:
3593:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3568:
3559:, Maharani of
3553:
3550:King Ferdinand
3531:
3520:Sadijé Toptani
3517:
3499:
3492:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3392:Tadj ol-Molouk
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3308:Sancha of LeĂłn
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3272:Perestu Sultan
3269:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3230:Nurbanu Sultan
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3206:Narriman Sadek
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3182:Court Circular
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3130:Marie of Anjou
3127:
3121:
3118:Marie de Coucy
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3054:(1270) Hungary
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2962:Margaret Tudor
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2772:(1810) Holland
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2602:(1483) England
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2496:(1214) Castile
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2256:(1888) Prussia
2251:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2187:Aliya bint Ali
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2107:
2104:
2076:Yoruba peoples
2065:British Empire
2052:, such as the
2012:Main article:
2009:
2006:
1981:
1978:
1938:and mother of
1910:Ottoman Empire
1902:Main article:
1899:
1898:Ottoman Empire
1896:
1888:courtesy title
1833:Main article:
1830:
1829:United Kingdom
1827:
1823:Savang Vadhana
1779:
1776:
1761:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:Related topics
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1366:Traditionalist
1363:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1262:
1260:Great Officers
1257:
1246:
1245:
1243:Administration
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
904:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
843:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
749:Crétineau-Joly
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
680:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
640:
639:
629:
624:
619:
614:
612:Personal union
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
567:Dynastic union
564:
563:
562:
552:
547:
542:
537:
535:Constitutional
532:
527:
522:
517:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
469:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
450:
449:
443:
442:
431:
430:
428:
427:
420:
413:
405:
402:
401:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
376:
375:
374:
373:
368:
363:
355:
354:
353:
352:
347:
342:
337:
329:
328:
327:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
257:
256:
255:
254:
249:
244:
236:
235:
234:
233:
228:
226:Count palatine
223:
218:
213:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
176:
175:
165:
164:
163:
150:
149:
148:
147:
142:
137:
136:
135:
130:
125:
120:
112:
111:
110:
105:
92:
91:
90:
89:
84:
79:
78:
77:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5940:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5923:Queen mothers
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:Easter Island
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5240:Jabal Shammar
5238:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:Liechtenstein
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4535:Queen regnant
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4494:Republicanism
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Head of state
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:Non-sovereign
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4325:
4320:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4187:
4178:
4171:
4170:0-19-508677-5
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4105:
4101:
4099:0-313-24811-7
4095:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4069:, Summer 1998
4068:
4062:
4055:
4049:
4038:September 30,
4033:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3905:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3816:Queen dowager
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:Valide sultan
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:After Sultan
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:(as did King
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3577:
3576:haseki sultan
3573:
3572:Valide sultan
3569:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3428:Turhan Sultan
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3398:Taj ol-Molouk
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3322:(1194) Sicily
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3296:Safiye Sultan
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:Mary of Guise
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:Maria Theresa
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:Malekeh Jahan
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2878:Kesang Choden
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:Joan Beaufort
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:Halime Sultan
2706:
2703:
2702:Handan Sultan
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:Emma of Italy
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:the Queen Mum
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2428:Désirée Clary
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:(1316) France
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2352:(1483) France
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:Yaa Asantewaa
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:societies of
2047:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1965:Haseki sultan
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1934:, consort of
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1915:valide sultan
1911:
1905:
1904:Valide sultan
1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:King George V
1850:
1847:was known as
1846:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1795:queen regnant
1792:
1787:
1785:
1784:queen dowager
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:queen consort
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:queen dowager
1733:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Regnal number
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:Non-sovereign
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Authoritarian
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Crown Council
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:Privy council
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:Zourabichvili
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
911:
910:
899:
898:
894:
889:
888:
884:
879:
878:
874:
869:
868:
864:
859:
858:
854:
849:
848:
844:
839:
838:
834:
833:
832:
831:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
734:Chateaubriand
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
674:
673:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
638:
635:
634:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:Non-sovereign
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
505:
504:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
468:
467:
461:
460:
456:
452:
451:
448:
445:
444:
441:
437:
436:
426:
421:
419:
414:
412:
407:
406:
404:
403:
398:
395:
393:
392:Ministerialis
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
377:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
356:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
331:
330:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
259:
258:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
207:
206:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
180:Duke, Duchess
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
143:
141:
138:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
113:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:
93:
88:
85:
83:
82:Tsar, Tsarina
80:
76:
73:
72:
71:
68:
67:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
29:
22:
21:Srinagarindra
5928:Royal titles
5878:South Africa
5873:Sierra Leone
5820:
5650:Two Sicilies
5585:Papal States
5385:
5324:
5217:
5083:
4843:Cook Islands
4696:
4682:Saudi Arabia
4611:
4287:. Retrieved
4267:
4260:
4249:. Retrieved
4240:
4230:
4218:. Retrieved
4214:the original
4209:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4177:
4157:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4128:
4119:
4108:. Retrieved
4089:
4086:"The Valide"
4066:
4061:
4053:
4048:
4036:. Retrieved
4027:
4018:
4007:. Retrieved
3990:
3980:
3971:
3962:
3951:. Retrieved
3942:
3932:
3921:the original
3916:
3910:
3898:
3875:
3864:
3845:
3839:
3836:queen mother
3835:
3830:
3729:
3712:
3680:
3656:
3637:
3586:
3564:
3557:Gayatri Devi
3545:
3527:
3513:
3488:
3178:Queen Mother
3177:
3166:Mary of Teck
2884:Kösem Sultan
2860:Juana Manuel
2690:Hafsa Sultan
2569:
2520:(1946) Italy
2235:Anne of Kiev
2109:
2095:
2088:Erelu Kuti I
2080:queen mother
2079:
2073:
2043:
2033:In Lesotho,
2032:
2017:
1998:
1997:
1983:
1962:
1951:
1943:
1932:Hafsa Sultan
1913:
1907:
1892:
1883:
1873:
1854:
1820:
1788:
1781:
1757:
1732:queen mother
1731:
1729:
1496:Illegitimate
1491:Family trees
1356:Conservatism
1321:Royal assent
1105:Liberal Wars
895:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
835:
829:
828:
683:Philosophers
682:
681:
622:Principality
438:Part of the
221:Marcher lord
132:
5817:British Raj
5789:(Sri Lanka)
5675:WĂŒrttemberg
5387:South Yemen
5275:Maguindanao
5168:Afghanistan
4929:Barotseland
4865:Saint Lucia
4838:New Zealand
4747:Netherlands
4520:Chhatrapati
4504:Sovereignty
4444:Aristocracy
4172:(paperback)
3915:(in Thai).
3796:Mahd-i Ulya
3785:(from 2024)
3779:(from 2019)
3773:(from 2004)
3767:(from 2016)
3761:(from 2014)
3755:(from 2013)
3749:(from 2013)
3743:(from 2013)
3737:(from 1986)
3682:jure uxoris
3642:Leopold III
3632:After King
3583:King father
3555:Similarly,
3446:Xiaoqinxian
3218:Nazli Sabri
3170:Edward VIII
2314:Bona Sforza
2100:noble title
2067:during the
2050:West Africa
2046:matrilineal
1944:mehd-i ĂŒlya
1924:ÙۧÙŰŻÙ ŰłÙ۷ۧÙ
1865:Edward VIII
1651:Interregnum
1616:Regnal list
1521:presumptive
1346:Bonapartism
1292:Royal guard
1255:Appointment
1220:Aristocracy
1045:Magna Carta
1011:Zhirinovsky
914:Politicians
841:(1265-1266)
769:Kierkegaard
5912:Categories
5883:Tanganyika
5798:The Gambia
5726:NiuÄ-Fekai
5665:Yugoslavia
5565:Montenegro
5372:Upper Yafa
5367:Upper Asir
5004:Madagascar
4737:Luxembourg
4469:Government
4434:Abdication
4403:Hereditary
4331:Monarchies
4289:2022-11-21
4251:2022-11-21
4220:August 22,
4210:Yahoo News
4139:August 22,
4129:Belief.net
4110:2020-12-16
4009:2021-09-24
3953:2021-09-24
3892:required.)
3856:References
3811:Ndlovukati
2872:KeĆpĆ«olani
2248: 842
2030:ceremony.
2028:reed dance
2024:Ndlovukati
1861:Queen Mary
1636:Succession
1508:Figurehead
1459:Coronation
1408:Luxembourg
1388:Legitimism
1383:Jacobitism
946:Metternich
877:Patriarcha
774:Dostoevsky
704:Bellarmine
677:Philosophy
627:Real union
592:Hereditary
478:Monarchism
371:Druzhinnik
5853:Mauritius
5746:Rarotonga
5731:Nuku Hiva
5721:Mangareva
5696:Bora Bora
5575:NeuchĂątel
5545:Lithuania
5450:Catalonia
5337:Sri Lanka
5290:Manchukuo
5265:Kurdistan
5219:Indonesia
5142:Talamanca
5102:AraucanĂa
5085:and other
5064:Wassoulou
4808:Australia
4484:Oligarchy
3999:0362-4331
3634:Albert II
3567:) anyway.
3516:in Hindi.
3481:Magnus IV
3404:Theophanu
3174:George VI
2524:Ălfthryth
2458:Ealhswith
2260:Bathsheba
2199:Amarindra
2145:Ageltrude
2071:in 1900.
1869:George VI
1812:Albert II
1791:abdicates
1656:Rebellion
1641:Anti-king
1626:Sovereign
1577:Pretender
1528:Kingmaker
1464:Criticism
1415:Orléanism
1393:Miguelism
1373:Despotism
1341:Alfonsism
1285:Favourite
1275:Camarilla
1265:Household
1230:Oligarchy
1225:Autocracy
1001:Churchill
867:Leviathan
847:Monarchia
789:Bainville
664:Universal
637:Coregency
607:Pentarchy
530:Composite
283:Advocatus
278:Landgrave
268:Castellan
252:Ealdorman
5868:Rhodesia
5863:Pakistan
5782:Barbados
5751:Rimatara
5741:Rapa Iti
5670:Valencia
5645:Tavolara
5635:Scotland
5600:Portugal
5560:Moldavia
5445:Bulgaria
5440:Brittany
5415:Asturias
5295:Mongolia
5285:Maldives
5147:Trinidad
5137:Suriname
5095:Americas
5079:Zimbabwe
5074:Zanzibar
5059:Wituland
5034:Ngazidja
5029:Ndzuwani
4964:Ethiopia
4687:Thailand
4667:Malaysia
4647:Cambodia
4597:Eswatini
4393:Elective
4378:Absolute
4283:Archived
4245:Archived
4164:, 1993,
4133:Archived
4104:Archived
4032:Archived
4003:Archived
3947:Archived
3790:See also
3685:king to
3592:Examples
3496:Margaret
2241:Athaliah
2044:In many
2020:Eswatini
2000:rajamata
1994:Sanskrit
1880:Victoria
1816:Philippe
1611:Regicide
1555:Nobility
1516:apparent
1420:Royalism
1398:Orangism
1280:Courtier
1006:Renouvin
981:Bismarck
976:Castillo
966:Disraeli
956:Polignac
936:Consalvi
837:De Regno
809:Bogdanor
659:Triarchy
654:Tetrarch
649:Signoria
582:Ethnarch
572:Elective
520:Absolute
447:Monarchy
314:Lendmann
293:Starosta
168:Princess
42:a series
40:Part of
5858:Nigeria
5833:Ireland
5761:Tahuata
5736:Raiatea
5716:Huahine
5691:Abemama
5684:Oceania
5655:Tuscany
5610:Romania
5605:Prussia
5570:Navarre
5550:Majorca
5530:Ireland
5525:Imereti
5520:Iceland
5515:Hungary
5510:Hanover
5505:Granada
5495:Germany
5490:Georgia
5485:Galicia
5475:Finland
5465:Corsica
5460:Cilicia
5430:Bavaria
5420:Austria
5405:Albania
5377:Vietnam
5320:Sarawak
5310:Qu'aiti
5245:Kathiri
5208:Dapitan
5183:Bukhara
5132:Miskito
5054:Tunisia
5044:Shilluk
4954:Dahomey
4944:Burundi
4934:Bagirmi
4914:Adamawa
4833:Jamaica
4828:Grenada
4813:Bahamas
4777:Oceania
4727:Denmark
4722:Belgium
4717:Andorra
4632:Bahrain
4607:Morocco
4602:Lesotho
4581:Current
4572:Pharaoh
4525:Emperor
4464:Dynasty
4418:Regency
4398:Federal
4388:Diarchy
4342:Monarch
3565:Rajmata
3514:Rajmata
3506:Shahaji
3502:Jijabai
3485:regents
3326:Sirikit
2854:Jijabai
2842:Jezebel
2096:iya oba
2054:Ashanti
1969:Islamic
1948:Turkish
1936:Selim I
1908:In the
1804:Beatrix
1772:Sirikit
1668:Usurper
1560:Peerage
1538:Current
1486:Descent
1469:Dynasty
1432:Toryism
1403:Belgium
1351:Carlism
1314:RiksrÄd
1309:Makhzen
1270:Retinue
1034:History
996:Metaxas
991:Maurras
961:Decazes
951:VillĂšle
941:Plessis
926:Pius VI
921:Mazarin
814:Scruton
784:Maurras
739:Novalis
724:Maistre
719:Bossuet
689:Aquinas
632:Regency
617:Popular
597:Khanate
587:Federal
577:Emirate
545:Diarchy
473:Monarch
382:Esquire
345:Fidalgo
231:Voivode
173:consort
161:consort
128:dowager
123:consort
118:regnant
108:dowager
103:consort
75:dowager
5893:Uganda
5843:Malawi
5808:Guyana
5787:Ceylon
5766:Tahiti
5756:Rurutu
5711:Hawaii
5640:Serbia
5625:Saxony
5615:Russia
5500:Greece
5480:France
5470:Cyprus
5455:Crimea
5435:Bosnia
5410:Aragon
5398:Europe
5362:Taiwan
5332:Sikkim
5315:Ryukyu
5300:Najran
5198:Chehab
5178:Bengal
5127:Mexico
5112:Brazil
5039:Rwanda
5019:Maravi
4919:Ankole
4907:Africa
4899:Former
4880:Tuvalu
4823:Canada
4818:Belize
4762:Sweden
4752:Norway
4742:Monaco
4709:Europe
4662:Kuwait
4657:Jordan
4642:Brunei
4637:Bhutan
4589:Africa
4562:Sultan
4513:Titles
4427:Topics
4275:
4168:
4096:
3997:
3561:Jaipur
3546:before
3469:regent
2726:regent
2078:, the
2008:Africa
1952:Valide
1928:Sultan
1778:Status
1646:Crisis
1599:Empire
1543:Former
1481:Family
1213:Polity
971:Cortés
901:(2001)
891:(1796)
881:(1680)
871:(1651)
861:(1576)
851:(1313)
824:Yarvin
779:Youwei
764:Balmes
759:Cortés
744:Balzac
729:Bonald
714:Hobbes
709:Filmer
350:Nobile
335:Ritter
319:Primor
288:Vidame
190:Herzog
156:Prince
133:mother
114:Queen
5848:Malta
5838:Kenya
5813:India
5803:Ghana
5630:Savoy
5620:Samos
5535:Italy
5382:Yemen
5357:Tibet
5352:Syria
5305:Nepal
5280:Mahra
5260:Kumul
5255:Korea
5250:Khiva
5229:Qajar
5213:Hejaz
5203:China
5188:Burma
5117:Haiti
5107:Aztec
5024:Mwali
5014:Maore
4994:Libya
4989:Kongo
4984:Kaffa
4979:Gumma
4974:Gomma
4969:Ghana
4959:Egypt
4939:Bornu
4924:Aussa
4785:Tonga
4757:Spain
4677:Qatar
4652:Japan
3924:(PDF)
3907:(PDF)
3886:
3822:Notes
3597:King
2092:Lagos
2085:Oloye
1990:begum
1980:India
1631:Style
1604:Reich
1594:Realm
1565:Realm
1512:Heir
1474:Lists
1425:Ultra
1250:Court
986:Mella
931:Ruffo
830:Works
819:Hoppe
799:Evola
754:Gogol
699:Bodin
694:Dante
560:Grand
555:Duchy
508:Types
324:Boyar
309:Thane
5793:Fiji
5347:Sulu
5326:Shan
5270:Laos
5235:Iraq
5225:Iran
5193:Cebu
5173:Asir
5161:Asia
5122:Inca
5069:Yeke
5009:Mali
4999:Luba
4848:Niue
4698:list
4672:Oman
4624:Asia
4613:list
4567:Shah
4557:Tsar
4552:khan
4547:Raja
4530:King
4371:Type
4273:ISBN
4222:2016
4166:ISBN
4141:2016
4094:ISBN
4040:2021
3995:ISSN
3844:and
3693:and
3623:emir
3570:The
3416:Tiye
3172:and
2058:Nana
1986:rani
1867:and
1673:list
1589:Rank
1582:List
1437:High
794:Seca
550:Dual
247:Earl
195:Jarl
98:King
5555:Man
3917:136
3242:Ota
2090:of
2018:In
1954:is
1884:not
1760:The
1661:War
5914::
5831:/
5819:,
4281:.
4243:.
4239:.
4208:.
4160:,
4156:,
4131:.
4127:.
4102:.
4092:.
4088:.
4074:^
4028:AP
4026:.
4001:.
3993:.
3989:.
3970:.
3945:.
3941:.
3909:.
3874:.
3834:A
3679:,
3578:).
2245:c.
1960:.
1922::
1912:,
1871:.
1859:,
1755:.
1730:A
44:on
5825:)
5815:(
5390:)
5384:(
5231:)
5227:(
4323:e
4316:t
4309:v
4292:.
4254:.
4224:.
4143:.
4113:.
4042:.
4012:.
3956:.
3884:.
3848:.
3721:.
3708:.
3697:.
3673:.
3648:.
3629:.
3615:.
3605:.
3184:.
2243:(
1972:"
1918:(
1851:.
1758:"
1719:e
1712:t
1705:v
424:e
417:t
410:v
34:.
23:.
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