1042:
994:
982:
1018:
1030:
1006:
136:
970:
610:
129:
954:
on the mountain, covering most of the major peaks and other geological features of the mountain. From the aforementioned fields, the northeastern face of Gamila counts 8 climbing routes, and Gamila II 6. The fields of
Astraka and Tsouka Rossa have several climbing routes each. The former counts 30 routes in both its northwestern and northeastern faces, and the latter 19 routes. Potential climbers should take into account that several of the routes were first ascended several years ago and thus
946:
540:
43:
364:. Despite its ancient use, the name does not appear in any descriptions of the area by Greek or foreign geographers of the 19th century. In du Bocage's map of the region, made in 1820, the mountain is referred to as "Paleo-Vouni" (Greek for Old-Mountain) and Pouqueville mentions the name "Lazaris" in 1826.
1973:
916:
alpine lake for another 2.8 km or southeast to reach Gamila peak, which is the highest peak of the mountain at 2,497 m (8,192 ft) for another 6 km. In both cases there are no signposts and the hikers should solely rely on red dots marked on rocks or scarce small signs attached to
953:
The first recorded climb of the mountain was made on 7–8 June 1956 by
Giorgos Michailidis and Giorgos Xanthopoulos who climbed the face of Gamila. Four years later, on 25–26 August 1960, Guido Magnone and Spyros Antypas climbed the northeastern face of Gamila. Currently there are 17 climbing fields
514:
is formed by the
Voidomatis on the southwestern side of the mountain. The length of the mountain is approximately 20 to 25 km with a direction from east to west and its width is approximately 15 km from north to south. The southern and southeastern slopes of the mountain are comparatively
687:
period of two to three months in summer. The continental climatic element is attributed to the high amplitude of annual temperature variation, to such a degree that the difference between mean maximum and mean minimum annual temperature, exceeds 40 °C (104 °F). Extremely low temperatures
522:
The massif includes several peaks that stand above 2400m. From west to east the most prominent are the following: Astraka, 2,436 m (7,992 ft), Ploskos, 2,377 m (7,799 ft), Gamila, 2,497 m (8,192 ft), Gamila ΙΙ, 2,480 m (8,136 ft), Karteros, 2,478 m
527:
named D. Georgoulis, which operates during the summer months, is located at the mountain pass between the peaks of
Astraka and Lapatos at 1930m of altitude. There are several lakes on the mountain, some of which dry out during the summer. The most famous of those that have water year-round is
543:
A panoramic view of Mt. Tímfi. On the left you can see Gamíla peak in the clouds, in the center is Plóskos and below it a Drakolímni, to the right topped in clouds is Astráka, and at the far right Lápatos. At the border between Astráka and
Lapatos is the mountain hut D.
912:, is approximately 6 km long. It is part of the Greek national trail O3 and is generally well marked with signs (red diamond on white) and red dots and arrows on rocks and tree trunks. From the hut, the hikers might either head northeast to the
1245:
523:(8,130 ft), Megala Litharia, 2,467 m (8,094 ft), Tsouka Rossa, 2,379 m (7,805 ft), and Goura, 2,466 m (8,091 ft). The peaks form a plateau. Astraka, dominates the plateau on its northern face. A
643:. They are being studied and explored by caving enthusiasts. The cave of "Provatina" (Lit. "Ewe's Cave"), with a depth of 408 m (1,339 ft), one of the deepest in the world, was first discovered in 1965 by British
692:
with cold winters. Conditions in the mountain might be significantly different from those of lower regions in the same area. Winters are particularly harsh and the mountain is covered in snow from autumn until late May.
1242:
920:
The mountain is also accessible from other surrounding villages but the trails are longer and the terrain rougher and steeper. Therefore, they are suggested for more experienced hikers. From the village of
585:
period, ca. 28,000 years ago. The glacial landscape is well-developed, especially on the southern slopes of Mount Tymphe, across the
Astraka-Gamila plateau, and in the upland terrain above the villages of
1041:
958:
might be compromised if present at all. Furthermore, some locations in the mountain are isolated and rescue services might find it particularly challenging to access the area in case of emergency.
1445:
2153:
2148:
1480:
Anderwald, P.; Ambarli, H.; Avramov, S.; Ciach, M.; Corlatti, L.; Farkas, A.; Jovanovic, M.; Papaioannou, H.; Peters, W.; Sarasa, M.; Šprem, N.; Weinberg, P.; Willisch, C. (2021).
536:. It is located at a height of 2,000 m (6,562 ft) northwest of Ploskos. Its maximum depth is 4.95 m (16 ft), while its surface covers 1 ha (2 acres).
1144:
1461:
Papaioannou, Haritakis I.; Kati, Vasiliki I (January 2007). "Current status of the Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) in Greece: Implications for conservation".
1974:"Glacial activity and catchment dynamics in northwest Greece: Long-term river behaviour and the slackwater sediment record for the last glacial to interglacial transition"
733:
to the west and southwest respectively. Facilities in the aforementioned villages vary, but most of them offer restaurants and accommodation. The nearest town is
1791:
Denoël, Mathieu; Schabetsberger, Robert (2003). "Resource partitioning in two heterochronic populations of Greek Alpine newts, Triturus alpestris veluchiensis".
1288:
Denoël, Mathieu; Schabetsberger, Robert (2003). "Resource partitioning in two heterochronic populations of Greek Alpine newts, Triturus alpestris veluchiensis".
515:
smooth. The north side, however, forms cliffs reaching 400 m (1,312 ft), whereas the western side is equally steep since the mountain is fragmented by
2158:
1850:
814:) in Greece, with a population between 120-130 individuals out of an estimated national population between 477–750. Although chamois is registered as
352:
The exact meaning of the name is not known but has been in use since ancient times. The name "Tymphe" or "Stymphe" is mentioned by ancient geographer
888:), living in the alpine lakes of the mountain, mostly in and around Drakolimni, are associated with local folktales of dragons and dragon battles.
85:
949:
The north face of
Astraka photographed in May. The field of Astraka has thirty climbing routes. Note that the lake in the foreground is seasonal
2184:
1943:
1442:
937:. Those routes are poorly and scarcely marked, mostly by dots of red paint on rocks, and are in some cases unclear and covered by vegetation.
598:
form major landscape features. Additional forms of glacial deposits, which extend down to 850 m (2,789 ft) above sea level, include
929:
to the south of the mountain the trail to the peak is approximately 14.9 km. Trails that lead to the mountain can also be followed from
613:
Drakolímni (2054 m) with Gamíla summit (2497 m) to the background. The cliffs on the right edge of the picture belong to Plóskos (2377 m)
1882:
1391:
993:
917:
wooden poles. The hike from
Papingo to the hut lasts between 2–3 hours and the round-trip from the hut to drakolimni another 2 hours.
1824:"Relict rock glaciers as indicators of Mediterranean palaeoclimate during the Last Glacial Maximum (Late Wurmian) in northwest Greece"
981:
714:
2041:
925:
at the eastern side of the mountain, a trail of 12.8 km leads to Gamila peak through the
Karteros Pass. From the village of
908:, located at the western side of the mountain at an altitude of 980 m (3,215 ft). The trail that leads to the Astraka
195:
2194:
1955:
1925:
1608:
1568:
1558:
1093:
1122:
2143:
1770:
1017:
969:
1914:
Explore the landscape, the rocks and the nature of Vikos-Aoos and surrounding area. Find out its history and civilisation
1218:
1005:
2179:
1912:
688:
occur in the area during the winter months. Compared to
Mediterranean bioclimatic divisions, the area belongs to the
1029:
648:
1823:
827:
128:
2073:
788:
787:
Most of the mountain, with the exception of its southernmost part around the peak of Astraka, forms part of the
782:
668:
337:
1063:
1863:
1443:
http://www.wwf.gr/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=99&Itemid=120
663:
There is no meteorological station at the mountain itself and the closest one is located at the village of
78:
2034:
1058:
680:
1112:, after correcting the height of Gamila to 2497m instead of the 2481m erroneously mentioned in the site
826:
numbers some thousands of individuals and its population is believed to be declining. According to the
796:
2119:
2004:
1587:
Although the site is in Greek, the maps and GPS data offered might still be of use to non-Greek users
843:
689:
655:, with a depth of 451 m (1,480 ft), drains the water coming from the surrounding plateaus.
1504:
625:, in the vicinity of the Gamila and Astraka peaks. Some of them have been given names inspired from
1720:
314:
310:
161:
1893:
1862:. Greek Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning & Public Works. 2009. Archived from
1697:
1395:
2027:
1777:
1743:
1674:
867:
839:
834:
are important regions for breeding birds of prey, alpine and forest dwelling bird species. The
758:
361:
341:
224:
68:
20:
1584:
880:
lives in the mountain's subalpine meadows and is considered a threatened taxon. The amphibian
1598:
1083:
1194:
1628:
904:
The simplest and most commonly used route of ascent is the one beginning at the village of
367:
The etymology of the mountain's peaks are mainly of Greek origin. The highest peak Gamíla (
8:
889:
676:
577:
rocks, which consist of thin beds of graded sandstones intercalated with softer, fissile
322:
208:
573:
dolomite and limestone on the northern scarp. The lower slopes are dominated by younger
603:
468:
452:
1804:
1651:
1481:
1301:
795:
and visitors should be aware of the limitations to activities imposed by the law. The
609:
1951:
1921:
1604:
1564:
1109:
1089:
851:
1989:
1985:
1838:
1808:
1800:
1499:
1305:
1297:
835:
2019:
1526:
581:. Extended glacial conditions prevailed on the uplands of Mount Tymphe during the
479:
The mountain is surrounded by various massifs that also form part of the northern
2189:
2054:
2009:
1449:
1249:
871:
730:
626:
582:
451:) is from a common modern Greek word derived from the Latin gula also related to
190:
165:
1416:
651:, and has since then been surveyed by a large number of expeditions. The nearby
1972:
Woodward, J.C.; Hamlin, R.H.B.; Macklin, M.G.; Hughes, P.D.; Lewin, J. (2008).
876:
855:
792:
463:
447:
431:
415:
403:
391:
375:
293:
284:
176:
2173:
2124:
1490:
859:
815:
773:) passes close to the western, northwestern and north sides of the mountain.
679:. The Mediterranean character is characterized by the annual distribution of
672:
618:
229:
100:
87:
1931:
1479:
909:
847:
599:
524:
255:
241:
2078:
1858:
881:
863:
639:
516:
511:
483:
mountain range. Northeast of Tymphe lies the highest mountain of Pindus,
340:
which accepts over 100,000 visitors per year. The former municipality of
333:
945:
874:
are sedentary. Alpine reptilian and amphibian species are also present.
2114:
2088:
1219:"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, καρτερός"
922:
913:
710:
644:
558:
554:
529:
507:
488:
213:
553:
Mount Tymphe represents a series of uplifted fault blocks and faulted
1813:
1310:
934:
722:
706:
591:
578:
566:
504:
496:
1842:
1166:
2109:
2093:
831:
770:
766:
746:
738:
718:
632:
587:
570:
484:
357:
298:
247:
930:
926:
905:
807:
800:
754:
750:
742:
734:
726:
684:
664:
622:
595:
539:
533:
1262:
329:
with its highest peak, Gamila, at 2,497 m (8,192 ft).
42:
2058:
2050:
1441:
The relevant page in the website of WWF (accessed 30 May 2011)
762:
702:
574:
562:
532:(lit. "Dragon lake" in Greek), formed after the retreat of the
492:
480:
436:
353:
326:
318:
306:
302:
217:
183:
169:
58:
1429:
2083:
955:
420:
380:
2005:
Map of the mountain from Greek National Tourism Organisation
356:, Book 7, Ch. 7, and is associated with the ancient land of
1971:
1460:
819:
806:
Tymphe holds the largest recorded population of the Balkan
621:
and precipices are found in the area around the village of
500:
1948:
The Mountains of Greece: Trekking in the Pindhos Mountains
1600:
The Mountains of Greece: Trekking in the Pindhos Mountains
1394:. Hellenic National Meteorological Service. Archived from
1085:
The Mountains of Greece: Trekking in the Pindhos Mountains
1527:"gr066 όρος τύμφη (γκαμήλα) και όρος σμόλικας (in Greek)"
1432:. Papingo is searched as "PAPIGO" in the service's engine
1392:"Papingo meteorological station, 1971-1990 climatic data"
2014:
1920:. Greek Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration.
1910:
705:
region and the nearest settlements are mainly villages.
439:; the name for the mountain's third highest peak Goúra (
1171:[Tymfi and Papingo: a revision and etymology].
332:
The massif of Tymphe includes in its southern part the
275:(in the Greek government's preferred transliteration),
737:
to the northwest. The closest city with an airport is
1941:
1821:
1596:
1081:
1822:
Hughes, P.D.; Gibbard, P.L.; Woodward, J.C. (2003).
1790:
1360:
Woodward, Hamlin, Macklin, Hughes, Lewin 2008, p. 49
1287:
1168:Τύμφη και Πάπιγκο: μία αναθεώρηση και μία ετυμολογία
2049:
1771:"A case study in Vikos-Aoos National Park - Greece"
1342:
Woodward, Hamlin, Macklin, Hughes, Lewin 2008, p. 8
47:
View of the west face of Mount Tymphe during summer
830:mount Tymphe along with the neighbouring mountain
1911:Paschos, P.; Nikolaou, E.; Papanikos, D. (2004).
1377:
1375:
846:breed in the region, whereas species such as the
2171:
1145:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)"
503:river flows to the north of Mt Tymphe while its
1505:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39255A195863093.en
683:, high in the winter months and experiencing a
1372:
2035:
1851:"Natura 2000 Data Form. Site code: GR2130009"
799:runs an information centre in the village of
395:) means mighty or powerful; Megála Lithária (
1880:
1622:
1620:
1556:
407:) means big rocks in modern Greek; Astráka (
999:Horses in the snowy landscape of Mt. Tymphe
456:
440:
424:
408:
396:
384:
368:
2042:
2028:
1890:Prefectural Committee of Tourist Promotion
1768:
987:Horse in the snowy landscape of Mt. Tymphe
1812:
1617:
1583:Distances are mentioned as calculated by
1503:
1363:
1354:
1309:
1283:
1281:
360:and the Tymphaeans, one of the tribes of
1417:"口コミで評判をチェック！優良競馬予想サイトの探し方／Horse Racing"
1369:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 16
1275:Paschos, Nikolaou, Papanikos 2004, p. 15
1269:
944:
608:
538:
198:Tsepelovo; Anávasi Topo 50 Pindus Zagori
1883:"Prefecture of Ioannina, Epirus-Greece"
1603:(2nd ed.). Cicerone. p. 220.
1563:. New Holland Publishers. p. 114.
1164:
1088:(2nd ed.). Cicerone. p. 209.
455:gură: a mountain spring; Tsoúka Róssa (
2172:
1278:
2185:Landforms of Ioannina (regional unit)
2023:
2015:Climbing routes on Hellenic mountains
1942:Salmon, Tim; Cullen, Michael (2006).
1741:
1718:
1695:
1672:
1649:
1626:
1597:Salmon, Tim; Cullen, Michael (2006).
1082:Salmon, Tim; Cullen, Michael (2006).
896:) are also common in that same area.
462:
446:
430:
414:
402:
390:
374:
321:, just a few metres south of the 40°
292:
148:Location within Epirus region, Greece
1351:Hughes, Gibbard, Woodward 2003, p. 3
1324:Hughes, Gibbard, Woodward 2003, p. 2
1252:(in Greek). Retrieved, 26 April 2011
741:, approximately 60 km south of
423:derived from Slavic стреха; Lápato (
1491:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
336:, while they both form part of the
13:
1165:Χαρίσης, Χαράλαμπος (2022-01-01).
565:limestone, with some exposures of
14:
2206:
1998:
1560:The world's great adventure treks
1529:. Hellenic Ornithological Society
1142:
510:has its sources in the mountain.
19:For the former municipality, see
16:Mountain in the country of Greece
1381:Amanatidou 2005, pp. 23–24
1040:
1028:
1016:
1004:
992:
980:
975:Αerial photography of Mt. Tymphe
968:
899:
797:World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
649:Cambridge University Caving Club
305:mountain range, in northwestern
271:(in Latin and English usage) or
134:
127:
41:
1761:
1735:
1712:
1689:
1666:
1643:
1590:
1577:
1550:
1541:
1519:
1473:
1454:
1435:
1423:
1409:
1384:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1255:
1195:"γκαμήλα - Ancient Greek (LSJ)"
828:Hellenic Ornithological Society
701:The mountain is located at the
671:which includes the mountain is
419:) is a Greek word for a roof's
344:owed its name to the mountain.
1990:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.05.018
1881:Papadopoulou, Varvara (2008).
1235:
1211:
1187:
1158:
1136:
1127:
1115:
1108:Prominence is calculated from
1102:
1075:
1064:List of mountains by elevation
749:offers seven daily coaches to
135:
1:
1831:Journal of Quaternary Science
1805:10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00043-2
1769:Amanatidou, Despoina (2005).
1302:10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00043-2
1069:
1023:Snowy landscape of Mt. Tymphe
1011:Snowy landscape of Mt. Tymphe
812:Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica
757:(on Fridays) as of 2011. The
667:. The overall climate of the
594:, where lateral and terminal
2195:Mountains of Epirus (region)
1746:. Routes.gr - D. Mavropoulos
1723:. Routes.gr - D. Mavropoulos
1700:. Routes.gr - D. Mavropoulos
1677:. Routes.gr - D. Mavropoulos
1654:. Routes.gr - D. Mavropoulos
1631:. Routes.gr - D. Mavropoulos
822:'s red list, the subspecies
474:
347:
73:1,266 m (4,154 ft)
63:2,497 m (8,192 ft)
7:
1059:List of mountains in Greece
1052:
940:
791:. The park is a designated
776:
753:and two weekly services to
557:and is largely composed of
10:
2211:
1950:(2nd ed.). Cicerone.
1463:Belgian Journal of Zoology
1241:Information received from
961:
780:
658:
548:
317:and lies in the region of
18:
2180:Two-thousanders of Greece
2133:
2120:Koinon of the Zagorisians
2102:
2065:
844:rufous-tailed rock-thrush
745:. The coach service from
696:
457:
441:
425:
409:
404:[meˈɣalaliˈθarja]
397:
385:
369:
288:
254:
240:
235:
223:
207:
202:
189:
175:
157:
121:
116:
77:
67:
57:
52:
40:
33:
28:
2074:Vikos–Aoös National Park
1652:"Climbing Areas: Tymphe"
1167:
1133:Papadopoulou 2008, p. 20
1047:Mt. Tymphe (Gamila peak)
789:Vikos–Aoös National Park
783:Vikos–Aoös National Park
669:Vikos–Aoös National Park
435:) is the Greek word for
338:Vikos–Aoös National Park
246:unknown; first recorded
1721:"Tymphe - Tsouka Rossa"
1333:Amanatidou, 2005, p. 32
1035:Landscape of Mt. Tymphe
1778:University of Freiburg
1498:: e.T39255A195863093.
1110:Petter Bjørstad's site
950:
868:white-winged snowfinch
840:short-toed snake eagle
614:
545:
467:) means "red peak" in
464:[ˈt͡sukaˈrosa]
162:Ioannina regional unit
21:Tymfi (municipal unit)
1557:Jackson Jack (2003).
1243:www.epirus-history.gr
1223:www.perseus.tufts.edu
948:
612:
542:
101:39.98167°N 20.81500°E
2010:Greek Mountain Flora
1899:on November 28, 2006
1698:"Tymphe - Gamila II"
890:Yellow-bellied toads
383:in Greek; Karterós (
309:. It is part of the
2154:Panagia Spiliotissa
2103:History and society
1675:"Tymphe - Gamila I"
1484:Rupicapra rupicapra
675:, transitioning to
604:limestone pavements
491:lies to the north,
97: /
2149:Saint John Rogovos
1744:"Tymphe - Astraka"
1585:www.hellaspath.gr.
1448:2011-07-09 at the
1248:2011-02-16 at the
951:
886:Triturus alpestris
725:to the south, and
615:
546:
499:to the south. The
487:. The mountain of
392:[karteros]
106:39.98167; 20.81500
53:Highest point
2167:
2166:
1957:978-1-85284-440-0
1927:978-960-98903-5-9
1610:978-1-85284-440-0
1570:978-1-84330-261-2
1095:978-1-85284-440-0
894:Bombina variegata
852:red-billed chough
717:lie to the east,
416:[astraka]
376:[gaˈmila]
325:. Tymphe forms a
266:
265:
2202:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2020:
1993:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1938:
1936:
1930:. Archived from
1919:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1892:. Archived from
1887:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1855:
1846:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1775:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1594:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1452:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1285:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1143:Smith, William.
1140:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1079:
1044:
1032:
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
836:Egyptian vulture
495:to the east and
466:
460:
459:
450:
444:
443:
434:
432:[lapato]
428:
427:
418:
412:
411:
406:
400:
399:
394:
388:
387:
378:
372:
371:
301:in the northern
296:
294:[ˈtimfi]
290:
258:
179:
138:
137:
131:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
45:
26:
25:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2144:Saint Paraskevi
2129:
2098:
2061:
2048:
2001:
1996:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1934:
1928:
1917:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1885:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1853:
1849:
1843:10.1002/jqs.764
1826:
1793:Acta Oecologica
1782:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1478:
1474:
1459:
1455:
1450:Wayback Machine
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1290:Acta Oecologica
1286:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1250:Wayback Machine
1240:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1036:
1033:
1024:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1000:
997:
988:
985:
976:
973:
964:
943:
902:
872:alpine accentor
785:
779:
699:
661:
583:Late Quaternary
551:
477:
350:
256:
177:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
146:
145:
144:
143:
139:
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2208:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1999:External links
1997:
1995:
1994:
1984:(1–2): 44–67.
1969:
1956:
1939:
1937:on 2011-07-21.
1926:
1908:
1878:
1847:
1837:(5): 431–440.
1819:
1788:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1734:
1711:
1688:
1665:
1642:
1616:
1609:
1589:
1576:
1569:
1549:
1540:
1518:
1472:
1453:
1434:
1422:
1408:
1383:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1277:
1268:
1254:
1234:
1210:
1186:
1157:
1135:
1126:
1123:Geographic.org
1114:
1101:
1094:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1003:
1001:
998:
991:
989:
986:
979:
977:
974:
967:
963:
960:
942:
939:
901:
898:
877:Vipera ursinii
856:rock partridge
793:protected area
781:Main article:
778:
775:
698:
695:
660:
657:
629:, such as the
619:vertical caves
550:
547:
476:
473:
448:[gura]
398:Μεγάλα Λιθάρια
362:Ancient Epirus
349:
346:
264:
263:
260:
252:
251:
244:
238:
237:
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
211:
205:
204:
200:
199:
193:
187:
186:
181:
173:
172:
159:
155:
154:
147:
141:
140:
133:
132:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
114:
113:
81:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
61:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2207:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2125:Vikos doctors
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:Zagori region
2045:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:Geomorphology
1975:
1970:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1869:on 2011-07-16
1865:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1745:
1738:
1722:
1715:
1699:
1692:
1676:
1669:
1653:
1646:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1544:
1528:
1522:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1430:KTEL Ioaninon
1426:
1418:
1412:
1398:on 2010-11-23
1397:
1393:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1146:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1002:
995:
990:
983:
978:
971:
966:
965:
959:
957:
947:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
918:
915:
911:
907:
906:Mikro Papingo
900:Ascent routes
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:alpine chough
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:least concern
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
784:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
694:
691:
686:
682:
681:precipitation
678:
674:
673:Mediterranean
670:
666:
656:
654:
653:Chasm of Epos
650:
646:
645:speleologists
642:
641:
635:
634:
628:
624:
620:
611:
607:
605:
601:
600:rock glaciers
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
541:
537:
535:
531:
526:
520:
518:
513:
509:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
470:
465:
454:
449:
438:
433:
422:
417:
405:
393:
382:
377:
365:
363:
359:
355:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:regional unit
308:
304:
300:
295:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
261:
259:
257:Easiest route
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
234:
231:
230:Fold mountain
228:
226:
225:Mountain type
222:
219:
215:
212:
210:
206:
201:
197:
194:
192:
188:
185:
182:
180:
174:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
130:
120:
115:
110:
82:
80:
76:
72:
70:
66:
62:
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2141:Monasteries:
2140:
2072:
1981:
1977:
1961:. Retrieved
1947:
1932:the original
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1894:the original
1889:
1871:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1857:
1834:
1830:
1796:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1762:Bibliography
1748:. Retrieved
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1599:
1592:
1579:
1559:
1552:
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1495:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1437:
1425:
1411:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:the original
1386:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1293:
1289:
1271:
1257:
1237:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:
1213:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1179:November 21,
1177:. Retrieved
1172:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1117:
1104:
1084:
1077:
952:
919:
910:mountain hut
903:
893:
885:
882:alpine newts
875:
848:golden eagle
823:
811:
805:
786:
700:
662:
652:
637:
630:
617:A number of
616:
552:
525:mountain hut
521:
478:
458:Τσούκα Ρόσσα
366:
351:
331:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:
242:First ascent
178:Parent range
34:
2079:Vikos Gorge
1944:"chapter 6"
1859:NATURA 2000
1742:routes.gr.
1719:routes.gr.
1696:Routes.gr.
1673:Routes.gr.
1650:Routes.gr.
1627:Routes.gr.
1511:12 November
1469:(1): 33–39.
864:wallcreeper
677:continental
555:escarpments
544:Georgoulis.
517:Vikos Gorge
512:Vikos Gorge
334:Vikos Gorge
209:Age of rock
104: /
79:Coordinates
2174:Categories
2115:Molossians
2089:Drakolimni
2066:Landscapes
1903:2009-11-02
1873:2010-07-12
1783:2011-05-27
1402:2010-11-13
1228:2022-11-24
1204:2022-11-24
1175:(in Greek)
1121:Data from
1070:References
923:Vrysochori
914:drakolimni
711:Vrysochori
690:humid zone
579:siltstones
559:Palaeocene
530:Drakolimni
508:Voidomatis
489:Trapezitsa
214:Palaeocene
92:20°48′54″E
89:39°58′54″N
69:Prominence
2134:Monuments
1814:2268/3029
1799:: 55–64.
1311:2268/3029
1296:: 55–64.
935:Tsepelovo
824:balcanica
723:Tsepelovo
707:Iliochori
638:Chasm of
627:mythology
592:Tsepelovo
567:Campanian
505:tributary
497:Mitsikeli
475:Geography
469:Aromanian
453:Aromanian
348:Etymology
117:Geography
59:Elevation
2110:Tymphaea
2094:Skamneli
1963:26 April
1547:Natura 9
1446:Archived
1263:"Αρχική"
1246:Archived
1173:Academia
1053:See also
941:Climbing
870:and the
832:Smolikas
777:Wildlife
771:Ioannina
767:Siatista
747:Ioannina
739:Ioannina
719:Skamneli
633:Odysseus
631:Hole of
596:moraines
588:Skamneli
571:Jurassic
534:glaciers
485:Smolikas
386:Καρτερός
379:) means
358:Tymphaea
323:parallel
315:Ioannina
299:mountain
248:climbing
236:Climbing
191:Topo map
158:Location
2159:Stomiou
1629:"Tymfi"
962:Gallery
931:Konitsa
927:Vradeto
808:chamois
801:Papingo
755:Papingo
751:Konitsa
743:Papingo
735:Konitsa
727:Papingo
685:drought
665:Papingo
659:Climate
647:of the
623:Papingo
549:Geology
410:Αστράκα
370:Γκαμήλα
297:) is a
279:, also
203:Geology
2190:Zagori
2059:Greece
2055:Epirus
1954:
1924:
1750:3 June
1727:3 June
1704:3 June
1681:3 June
1658:3 June
1635:3 June
1607:
1567:
1533:30 May
1199:lsj.gr
1150:29 May
1092:
956:pitons
810:goat (
763:Kozani
715:Laista
703:Zagori
697:Αccess
575:flysch
563:Eocene
493:Lyngos
481:Pindus
442:Γκούρα
437:sorrel
426:Λάπατο
354:Strabo
327:massif
319:Zagori
307:Greece
303:Pindus
281:Tymphi
269:Tymphe
250:: 1956
218:Eocene
184:Pindus
170:Greece
166:Epirus
142:Tymphe
29:Tymphe
2084:Tymfi
1935:(PDF)
1918:(PDF)
1897:(PDF)
1886:(PDF)
1867:(PDF)
1854:(PDF)
1827:(PDF)
1774:(PDF)
759:GR-20
731:Vikos
421:eaves
381:camel
342:Tymfi
289:Τύμφη
285:Greek
277:Timfi
273:Tymfi
35:Τύμφη
1965:2011
1952:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1752:2011
1729:2011
1706:2011
1683:2011
1660:2011
1637:2011
1605:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1535:2011
1513:2021
1496:2021
1181:2022
1152:2011
1090:ISBN
933:and
820:IUCN
729:and
721:and
713:and
640:Epos
636:and
602:and
590:and
501:Aoos
262:walk
196:HMGS
2053:in
1986:doi
1982:101
1839:doi
1809:hdl
1801:doi
1500:doi
1467:137
1306:hdl
1298:doi
818:in
313:of
2176::
2057:,
1980:.
1976:.
1946:.
1888:.
1856:.
1835:18
1833:.
1829:.
1807:.
1797:24
1795:.
1776:.
1619:^
1494:.
1488:.
1465:.
1374:^
1304:.
1294:24
1292:.
1280:^
1221:.
1197:.
866:,
862:,
858:,
854:,
850:,
842:,
838:,
803:.
769:-
765:-
709:,
606:.
519:.
471:.
461:,
445:,
429:,
413:,
401:,
389:,
373:,
291:,
287::
168:,
164:,
2076::
2043:e
2036:t
2029:v
1992:.
1988::
1967:.
1906:.
1876:.
1845:.
1841::
1817:.
1811::
1803::
1786:.
1754:.
1731:.
1708:.
1685:.
1662:.
1639:.
1613:.
1573:.
1537:.
1515:.
1502::
1486:"
1482:"
1419:.
1405:.
1314:.
1308::
1300::
1265:.
1231:.
1207:.
1183:.
1154:.
1098:.
892:(
884:(
761:(
569:-
561:-
283:(
216:-
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
