USS Scorpion (SSN-589)

1120:(NOL). All three physicists were experts on undersea explosions, their sound signatures, and their destructive effects. Price was also an open critic of Craven. Their opinion, presented to the Navy as part of the phase II investigation, was that the death noises likely occurred at 2,000 ft (610 m) when the hull failed. Fragments then continued in a free fall for another 9,000 ft (2,700 m). This appears to differ from conclusions drawn by Craven and Hamilton, who pursued an independent set of experiments as part of the same phase II probe, demonstrating that alternate interpretations of the hydroacoustic signals were possibly based on the submarine's depth at the time it was stricken and other operational conditions. 3248:... the Navy continues to attach strong credence to Craven's view that an explosion destroyed her, as is evidenced by this excerpt from a May 2003 letter from the Navy's Submarine Warfare Division (N77), specifically written by Admiral P.F. Sullivan on behalf of Vice Admiral John J. Grossenbacher (Commander Naval Submarine Forces), the Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Reactors, and others in the US Navy regarding its view of alternative sinking theories: "The first cataclysmic event was of such magnitude that the only possible conclusion is that a cataclysmic event (explosion) occurred resulting in uncontrolled flooding (most likely the forward compartments)." 598: 931: 746: 1226: 2039:"Condition Baker". Oliver had personally witnessed dangerously high hydrogen level spikes under such conditions aboard a nuclear submarine, specifically while going to periscope depth and setting Condition Baker during a battery charge. Diesel boats, in contrast, were not capable of doing a battery charge while deeply submerged, but were instead dealing with the risk of collision while on antisurface-ship operations when proceeding to periscope depth while in or near shipping lanes. In regard to 3281:

torpedo, but revised his views during the mid-1990s when he learned that engineers testing Mark 46 batteries at Keyport, Washington just before the Scorpion's loss, said the batteries leaked electrolyte and sometimes burned while outside their casings during lifetime shock, heat and cold testing. Although the battery manufacturer was accused of building bad batteries, it was later able to successfully prove its batteries were no more prone to failure than those made by other manufacturers.

65: 2006:, and the US government and Navy were engaged in a massive cover-up, within days destroying much of the sound and communication data at SOSUS ground stations in the U.S. and Europe, and delaying any public indication of the loss until the ship's scheduled arrival at Norfolk, Virginia, five days later, partly to disguise the fact that U.S. nuclear subs were in constant or frequent communication with U.S. naval communication bases and that the subsequent search for the 4331: 4326: 40: 1046: 870: 391: 1034: 1211: 3595: 1928:, which caused the Russian Navy to trap a U.S. submarine. The bait for this trap would be strange military operations and furtive naval manoeuvres in the Atlantic, accompanied by countermeasures that would seemingly be defeated only by the deployment of a nuclear submarine. With information from spying by Walker, the position and arrival time of 1008:, plainly saw that the torpedo room was intact, though it had been pinched by excessive sea pressure. The operations compartment collapsed at frame 33, this being the king frame of the hull, reaching its structural limit first. The conical/cylindrical transition piece at frame 67 followed instantly. The boat was broken in two by massive 1798:

pushed the torpedo through the water, but vibrations normally experienced on a nuclear submarine were found to cause the thin foil barrier to break down, allowing the chemicals to interact intensely. This interaction generated excessive heat, which in tests, could readily have caused an inadvertent torpedo explosion. The authors of

1684:

Engineering, John S Foster, appearing before the US Senate and House armed forces committees in the first week of June 1968, and it was decided to order an immediate test to illustrate to Foster that the tactical advantage of speed in a SSN could outweigh stealth and quietness. The radical test was conducted with a top USN

1797:

left Norfolk for her last mission. The concerns focused on the battery that powered the torpedoes. The battery had a thin metal-foil barrier separating two types of volatile chemicals. When mixed slowly and in a controlled fashion, the chemicals generated heat and electricity, powering the motor that

1659:

or later-class U.S. submarine". During 1967, though, the large Soviet nuclear submarine-building program, and the view of naval officers and in particular Admiral Rickover, that Defense Secretary R. McNamara, Naval Intelligence and CIA assessments underrated the speed of even existing Soviet subs and

1469:

loss, said the batteries leaked electrolyte and sometimes burned while outside their casings during lifetime shock, heat, and cold testing. Although the battery manufacturer was accused of building bad batteries, it was later able to successfully prove its batteries were no more prone to failure than

1277:

The U.S. Navy periodically revisits the site to determine whether wreckage has been disturbed and to test for the release of any fissile materials from the submarine's nuclear reactor or two nuclear weapons. Except for a few photographs taken by deep-water submersibles in 1968 and 1985, the U.S. Navy

1123:

The Structural Analysis Group (SAG) concluded that an explosive event was unlikely and was highly dismissive of Craven and Hamilton's tests. The SAG physicists argued that the absence of a bubble pulse, which invariably occurs in an underwater explosion, is absolute evidence that no torpedo explosion

634:

started refresher training and weapons-system acceptance tests, and was given a new commanding officer, Francis Slattery. Following type training out of Norfolk, Virginia, she got underway on 15 February 1968 for a Mediterranean Sea deployment. She operated with the 6th Fleet into May and then headed

1540:

was sunk by a Soviet submarine during a standoff that started days before 22 May. Offley also cites that it occurred roughly at the time of the submarine's intelligence-gathering mission, for which she was redirected from her original heading for home; according to Offley, the flotilla had just been

1453:

Lieutenant Commander Robert Fountain Jr. Fountain was told he was headed home at 18 knots (33 km/h) at a depth of his choice, then there was an alarm of "hot-running torpedo". Fountain responded with "right full rudder", a quick turn that would activate a safety device and keep the torpedo from

1012:

pressure at an estimated depth of 1,530 ft (470 m). The operations compartment was largely obliterated by sea pressure, and the engine room had telescoped 50 ft (15 m) forward into the hull due to collapse pressure, when the cone-to-cylinder transition junction failed between the

1138:

destruction sounds by Price and Christian, was a supporting study within the SAG report. In its conclusions and recommendations section, the NOL acoustic study states: "The first SCORPION acoustic event was not caused by a large explosion, either internal or external to the hull. The probable depth

2038:

and killed her crew. The proximate cause in that scenario would have been the procedural carryover from diesel-boat days wherein the boat was effectively rigged for collision—with subsequent changes in ventilation flow and watertight condition—before proceeding to periscope depth by way of setting

1664:

proved unable to outrun a Soviet November SSN at flank speed of 30/31 knots. This showed the Soviet November SSN, 5 knots faster than 'shatteringly' wrong intelligence estimates and underwater tracking a US CVN on sonar at 30 knots. Sec. McNamara remained opposed to a new fast SSN 688 class leader

1333:

sank show no signs of instability. The plutonium and uranium cores of these weapons likely corroded to a heavy, insoluble material soon after the sinking. The materials remain at or close to their original location inside the boat's torpedo room. If the corroded materials were released outside the

1974:

earlier that year. The book paints a picture of increasing Soviet anger at U.S. Navy provocations — specifically, close-in monitoring of Soviet naval operations by almost every U.S. nuclear submarine. Around the same time, the Soviet intelligence community scored a huge boon in receiving the

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in February 1968 was resubmitted. The plan and requirement for new fast SSNs was accepted by USN Chief of Staff Admiral Thomas Moorer after further inquiry in March 1968, but was not accepted by the US government. Events in May 1968 led to Admiral Rickover and Chief of USN Scientific Research and

728:

was expected to arrive at her homeport of Norfolk, Virginia, on 27 May at 13:00 local time. After she was overdue for several hours, the Atlantic fleet launched a sea and air search during the peak search period from 28 to 30 May involving as many as 55 ships and 35 search aircraft. A brief radio

1402:

as three of the most probable causes for the loss of submarine, including a hot-running torpedo, an accidentally or deliberately launched weapon, or the inadvertent activation of a torpedo by stray voltage. The acoustic homing torpedo, in a fully ready condition and lacking a propeller guard, is

1997:

after not receiving the required 24-hr, four-word communication check required on operational duty, in the SUBCOMLANT communication center at Norfolk on the evidence of two 2nd-class radiomen on the deck that night, among junior USN officers, and the unit supervisor, Warrant Officer J. Walker,

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arming. Then, an explosion in the torpedo room was introduced. Fountain ordered emergency procedures to surface the boat, Craven wrote, "but instead, she continued to plummet, reaching collapse depth and imploding in 90 seconds – one second shy of the acoustic record of the actual event."

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Craven, who was the Chief Scientist of the Navy's Special Projects Office, which had management responsibility for the design, development, construction, operational test and evaluation and maintenance of the UGM-27 Polaris Fleet Missile System had long believed Scorpion was struck by her own

1646:, Moscow never issued a "fire" command during the Cold War. This is disputed by Royal Navy officers, "there had been other occasions when harassed Russians had fired torpedoes to scare off trails". The Navy court of inquiry official statement confirms that the Soviet naval group, including an 2043:

responsibility, he further states: "I always felt that the investigators closed their eyes to the most likely cause because they did not want to acknowledge their own involvement in this tragedy. I had forwarded my letter about Condition Baker via some of the same people responsible for the

1498:

wreck show the submarine's detached shaft and propeller, missing a rotor blade. Some experienced U.S. submariners attribute the loss of the submarine to flooding caused by the detached shaft. Given that antisubmarine torpedoes were designed to seek the sound of the cavitation of the target

1320:

for all U.S. nuclear-powered ships and boats. The reports explain the methodology for conducting deep-sea monitoring from both surface vessels and submersibles. These reports say the lack of radioactivity outside the wreck shows the nuclear fuel aboard the submarine remains intact and no

540:

program required increased submarine overhaul times, from 9 to 36 months. SUBSAFE required intensive vetting of submarine component quality, coupled with various improvements and intensified structural inspections – particularly of hull welding, using ultrasonic testing.

1607:-class subs in Russian and British waters in this period, showing greatly enhanced aggression in Soviet Navy sub operations in 1968. The navy Minister in the British Labour government, noted 11 such deliberate collisions. Commander Roger Lane Nott, Royal Navy commander of 1430:

used in the Mark 37 torpedo had a tendency to overheat, and in extreme cases could cause a fire that was strong enough to cause a low-order detonation of the warhead. If such a detonation had occurred, it might have opened the boat's large torpedo-loading hatch and caused

1528:

was destroyed while en route to gather intelligence on a Soviet naval group conducting operations in the Atlantic. While the mission for which the submarine was diverted from her original course back to her home port is a matter of record, its details remain classified.

724:. Lt. John Roberts was handed Commander Slattery's last message that he was closing on the Soviet submarine and research group, running at a steady 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) at a depth of 350 ft (110 m) "to begin surveillance of the Soviets." 1802:

do not directly contradict the official findings, but highlight information discovered during the investigation, which contradicts the investigation's findings, but are not addressed in the report. Notably, the book cites a hot-running torpedo incident on the

1421:

documents findings and investigation by John Craven, who was the chief scientist of the Navy's Special Projects Office, which had management responsibility for the design, development, construction, operational test and evaluation, and maintenance of the

1020:

The sail was ripped off, as the hull beneath it folded inward. The propulsion shaft came out of the boat; the engineering section had collapsed inward in a telescoping fashion. The broken boat fell another 9,000 ft (2,700 m) to the ocean floor.

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In the same May 2003 N77 letter excerpted above (see 1. with regard to the Navy's view of a forward explosion), however, the following statement appears to dismiss the NOL theory, and again unequivocally point the finger toward an explosion forward:

1654:

s position at the time of the sinking. Adding to the body of evidence against a Soviet torpedo-attack theory, U.S. Navy submarine Captain Robert LaGassa has flatly stated, "no Soviet submarine in 1968 could detect, track, approach, and attack any

571:

claimed the emergency main ballast tank blow (EMBT) system worked as-is, SUBLANT claimed it did not, and their EMBT was "tagged out" (listed as unusable). Perceived problems with overhaul duration led to a delay on all SUBSAFE work in 1967.

552:

cost one-seventh of those performed on other nuclear submarines at the same time. This was the result of concerns about the "high percentage of time offline" for nuclear attack submarines, estimated at 40% of total available duty time.

682:

when they both departed to the Atlantic. Along with Soviet intelligence trawlers, Soviet fast nuclear attack submarines were attempting to detect and follow the U.S. submarines going out of Rota, in this case, two fast 32-knot Soviet

1016:

The only damage to the torpedo room compartment appeared to be a hatch missing from the forward escape trunk. Palermo pointed out that this would have occurred when water pressure entered the torpedo room at the moment of implosion.

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s original "full overhaul" was reduced in scope. Long-overdue SUBSAFE work, such as a new central valve control system, was not performed. Crucially, her emergency system was not corrected for the same problems that destroyed

1507:

During the 1968 inquiry, Vice Admiral Arnold F. Shade testified that he believed that a malfunction of the trash disposal unit (TDU) caused the disaster. Shade theorized that the boat was flooded when the TDU was operated at

715:

attempted to send radio traffic to Naval Station Rota for an unusually long period beginning shortly before midnight on 20 May and ending after midnight on 21 May, but was only able to reach a Navy communications station in

199: 1988:

was tracked by several Soviet Navy assets from the Mediterranean to its final operational area south of the Azores, where it was then sunk by a Soviet torpedo. He claims the U.S. Navy was aware of the loss of the

1200:

through the initial court of inquiry and the 1970 and 1987 reviews by the Structural Analysis Group. Nothing in those investigations caused the Navy to change its conclusion that an unexplained catastrophic event

1940:

helicopter equipped with antisubmarine torpedoes, which took off from one ship and landed on a different one. This was so that no one, other than the aircrew of the helicopter, would notice one torpedo missing.

977:

s running lights was in the open position, as if it had been on the surface at the time of the mishap, although it may have been left in the open position during the vessel's recent nighttime stop at Rota. One

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The first cataclysmic event was of such magnitude that the only possible conclusion is that a cataclysmic event (explosion) occurred resulting in uncontrolled flooding (most likely the forward compartments).

1381:

was lost as a result of hydrogen build-up due to changes in the ventilation lineup while proceeding to periscope depth. After analysis of the ship's battery cells, this is the leading theory for the loss of

505:. She resumed duty in late spring, but regular duties were again interrupted from 4 August to 8 October for a transatlantic patrol. In the spring of 1965, she conducted a similar patrol in European waters. 1876:

has not been revealed because of the informal agreement between the two countries' senior naval commands. The purpose of that secrecy, he alleged, is to stop any further research into the losses of either

1665:

capable of 30 knots. His deputy and the chief sea warfare advisor to head of USN scientific engineering research James Nunan advised against SSN 688 or the need or reason for an enlarged, fast, 30-knot

1350:. The Navy rejected the request. A private group including family members of the lost submariners stated they would investigate the wreckage on their own, since it was located in international waters. 844:

to pinpoint Polaris missile splashdown locations, and he had established a listening station in the Canary Islands, which obtained a clear signal of the vessel's pressure hull imploding as it passed

1669:

on 18 December 1967 in favor of long-term research into a new small 'conform' nuclear design. McNamara apparently attempted to have Rickover court-martialed and removed from office at this point.

1478:

Twenty years later, Craven learned that the boat could have been destroyed by a "hot-running torpedo." Other subs in the fleet had replaced their defective torpedo batteries, but the Navy wanted

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to flood and sink. However, while Mark 46 batteries have been known to generate so much heat that the torpedo casings blistered, none are known to have damaged a boat or caused an explosion.

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is reputed to have entered an inland Russian sea during a "Northern Run" in 1966, where the crew filmed a Soviet missile launch through her periscope before fleeing from Soviet Navy ships.

2615: 2013:

The oral testimony Offley relied upon are recollections of surviving SOSUS recordings documenting torpedo sounds, evasion sounds, an explosion, and eventually the sounds of implosions as

1116:

An extensive, year-long analysis of Gordon Hamilton's hydroacoustic signals of the submarine's demise was conducted by Robert Price, Ermine Christian, and Peter Sherman of the

652:

s speed was restricted in May 1968, although it was conservatively observing a depth limitation of 500 feet (150 m), due to the incomplete implementation of planned post-

2420: 1438:

Craven mentions that he did not work on the Mark 37 torpedo's propulsion system and became aware of the possibility of a battery explosion only 20 years after the loss of

1270:

in the North Atlantic Ocean. The wreck lies at a depth of 9,800 ft (3,000 m) about 400 nmi (740 km) southwest of the Azores on the eastern edge of the

840:, although Gordon Hamilton was instrumental in defining a compact "search box" wherein the wreck was ultimately found. He was an acoustics expert who pioneered the use of 737:

was received by several search parties on the evening of 29 May. The source could not be identified in the search area derived from the bearings of the radio message.

645:

leakage from refrigeration systems. An electrical fire occurred in an escape trunk when a water leak shorted out a shore power connection. No evidence was found that

3167: 2002:

was received that night, and by the morning of 23 May 1968, the SUBCOMLANT center was full of admirals and a Marine general, and no doubt existed about the loss of

2673: 1981:. These machines, combined with daily crypto keys from the Walker spy ring, likely allowed the Soviets to monitor U.S. Navy ship dispositions and communications. 1633:

was given the order to "chase it out". Having realized it was being pursued, "a very aggressive Soviet captain turned his submarine and drove her straight at HMS

2934:

The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines & Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries of Controversy

2454:

The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines & Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries of Controversy

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theorized by some to have started running within the tube. Released from the tube, the torpedo then somehow became fully armed and engaged its nearest target:

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for a refueling overhaul. Instead of a much-needed complete overhaul, though, she received only emergency repairs to get quickly back on duty. The preferred

2394: 2034:

offers the theory based on his own experiences that a hydrogen explosion, either during or immediately following a battery charge, possibly destroyed USS

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s hull could "swallow" the bubble pulse of a torpedo detonation by having Gordon Hamilton detonate small charges next to air-filled steel containers.

993:

The secondary Navy investigation – using extensive photographic, video, and eyewitness inspections of the wreckage in 1969 – suggested that

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captained by Cdr K. McKee and a crew with experience running in Russian waters engaging in a hunt and attempt to simulate a torpedo attack on a fast

1080:. The report's findings were first made public on 31 January 1969. While ruling out sabotage, the report said: "The certain cause of the loss of the 611: 2556: 1005: 1872:

began work on a book about the Soviet underwater fleet, he interviewed former Soviet Admiral Victor Dygalo, who stated that the true history of

2082: 4358: 3711: 2984:

N. Friedman. Naval Institute to US Naval Weapons. fifth edition USNI Annapolis & D.Owen. History of anti submarine warfare (2007) p. 208.

1343: 700:

was operating with this Soviet task force, as well as a Russian guided-missile destroyer. Having observed and listened to the Soviet units,

3858: 2995: 3366: 2966:

N. Polmar. Another Submarine is Missing in Norman Polmar the Death of USS Thresher. First Lyon Press (Globe Pequot) 2001, 2017) p 161-172

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to investigate the incident and to publish a report regarding the likely causes for its loss. The court was presided over by Vice Admiral

4378: 3605: 3429:

Ed Offley. The last Secret of the Scorpion in the 'Quarterly Journal of Military History, No4, v36, 2018' & 'Navy Times, 22 May 2019'

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with regard to its pressure hull and other characteristics. Its sinking resulted in three identifiable acoustic signals, as compared to

4393: 1924:

was the direct cause of the sinking. The author purports that this is supported by motives in the Soviet Navy following the sinking of

1512:

and that other subsequent failures of material or personnel while dealing with the TDU-induced flooding led to the submarine's demise.

1461:

was struck by her own torpedo, but revised his views during the mid-1990s, when he learned that engineers testing Mark 46 batteries at

4373: 3896: 3401:

E.Offley.Quarterly Journal of Military History, 2018, V30, No 4.Reprinted Navy Times 22 May 2019. Retrieved 3.00-3.30 GMT 20 May 2022

2850:

N.Polmar ' Another Submarine is Missing, in 'The death of USS Thresher'. 2nd ed. Chilton Books (2001). First Lyons.(2017), p166-168

1706:, with a declared speed of 29 knots. While the trial was successful, it showed just how difficult a faster, noisier submarine like 1146:

The NOL based many of its findings on an extensive acoustic analysis of the torpedoing and sinking of the decommissioned submarine

1139:

of occurrence ... and the spectral characteristics of the signal support this. In fact, it is very unlikely that any of the

4413: 3610: 2722: 2430: 2212: 1944:

The book then purports a cover-up by American and Soviet officials, to avoid public outrage and an increase in Cold War tension.

891: 467:

in late October, she trained along the Eastern Seaboard until May 1961. On 9 August 1961, she returned to New London, moving to

3752: 2759: 2285: 1833:, by former American submariner Kenneth Sewell in collaboration with journalist Clint Richmond, claimed that Soviet submarine 1363:

Retired acoustics expert Bruce Rule, a long-time analyst for the Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS), wrote that a

4408: 3646: 3577: 3558: 3537: 3516: 3448: 3349: 3070: 2951: 2914: 2461: 2108: 1595:

was coming to investigate the Soviet flotilla. According to this theory, both navies agreed to hide the truth about both USS

589:

s reduced overhaul on 17 June 1966. On 20 July, McDonald deferred SUBSAFE extensions, otherwise deemed essential since 1963.

816:

under more than 9,800 ft (3,000 m) of water. This was after the Navy had released sound tapes from its underwater

2222: 781:, initially developed during the search for a hydrogen bomb lost off the coast of Palomares, Spain, in January 1966 in the 2700:

Command History of the Commander in Chief U.S. Atlantic Fleet, OPNAV REPORT 5750-1, July 1968 – June 1969, p. 104 at 4. a.

2132: 1954:

Ed Offley, a reporter on military affairs, has closely followed developments in information concerning the sinking of the

1294:. In exchange for his work, the U.S. Navy then allowed Ballard, a USNR officer, to use the same submersible to search for 4363: 1553: 721: 158: 2361: 1885:. Huchthausen states that Dygalo told him to "forget about ever resolving these sad issues for the surviving families." 4403: 4388: 4383: 3985: 3965: 3943: 2226: 1734:, its "findings of facts" released in 1993 carried Craven's torpedo theory at the head of a list of possible causes of 1329:

has been detected during naval inspections. Likewise, the two nuclear-tipped Mark 45 torpedoes that were lost when the

460: 3716: 2576: 2151: 1398:

The classified version of the U.S. Navy's court of inquiry's report, released in 1993, listed accidents involving the

1097:

obtained documents related to the inquiry, and reported that the likely cause of the disaster was the detonation of a

3745: 3627: 3316: 2877: 2651: 2113: 1486:

had fired a defective torpedo, it could have sought out a target and turned back to strike the sub that launched it.

917: 3141: 899: 508:

In 1966, she deployed for special operations. After completing those assignments, her commanding officer received a

2092: 1000:

s hull was crushed by implosion forces as it sank below crush depth. The Structural Analysis Group, which included

1346:, an organization with over 13,800 members, asked the U.S. Navy to reopen the investigation on the sinking of USS 3974: 1552:

a decade later as a petty officer and diver, and whose father was a U.S. Navy officer responsible in significant

362: 3687: 792:

was expected back from patrol. This and other declassified information led to speculation that the Navy knew of

1386:

This is consistent with two small explosions aboard the submarine, a half-second apart, that were picked up by

987: 895: 408: 198: 97: 3675: 1373:

Dave Oliver, a retired rear admiral who served in both diesel boats and nuclear submarines, wrote in his book

4016: 3889: 3485: 2826: 2380: 1834: 1600: 845: 489:

tactics. Varying roles from hunter to hunted, she participated in exercises along the Atlantic Coast, and in

369: 1182:

may have reached its crush depth by anecdotally referring to the near-loss incident of the diesel submarine

2746: 2028: 1730:

are inconclusive. While the court of inquiry never endorsed Craven's torpedo theory regarding the loss of

1164:

was a small World War II-era diesel-electric submarine of a vastly different design and construction from

1898:

was written by Kenneth R. Sewell, a nuclear engineer and a U.S. Navy veteran who spent five years aboard

1415:

A later theory was that a fire in the torpedo room had caused a torpedo to explode in the tube. The book

848:. Naval Research Laboratory scientist Chester Buchanan used a towed camera sled of his own design aboard 668: 455:, on 24 August for a two-month European deployment. During that time, she participated in exercises with 1650:, was conducting a "hydro-acoustic operation" in the area, but they were about 200 miles to the west of 1278:

has never made public any physical surveys it has conducted on the wreck. The last photos were taken by

4334: 4330: 4325: 4321: 3911: 3375: 2584: 2088:

for information on how that submarine had originally been laid down with the name and hull number, USS

1843:

on 7 March 1968 while attempting to launch her three ballistic missiles, in a rogue attempt to destroy

1108:

s own crew attempted to disarm it. The U.S. Navy declassified many of the inquiry's documents in 1993.

693:

was then detailed to observe Soviet naval activities in the Atlantic in the vicinity of the Azores. An

502: 2020: 1958:. His most recent article on the subject is "Buried at Sea" published in the Winter 2008 issue of the 3657: 2061: 1308:

wreck site, the U.S. Navy has had to publish what specific environmental sampling it has done of the

1117: 782: 575: 568: 456: 416: 2532:"In 1968, A US Nuclear Submarine Went On a Russia Super Secret Spy Mission (And It Never Came Back)" 1568:

in 1977 running inside Soviet waters off Vladivostok, when torpedoes appeared to have been fired at

4418: 3882: 3768: 2709: 1588: 1317: 1286:

Alvin in 1985. The U.S. Navy secretly lent Ballard the submersible to visit the wreck sites of the

880: 828: 684: 664: 354:. She was one of the four submarine disappearances in 1968, the others being the Israeli submarine 321: 214: 1188:

in January 1969, when a power problem caused her to sink almost to crush depth, before surfacing.

4286: 4173: 1859: 1660:

their threat led to two major tests on the request of Rickover. On 3–5 January 1968, the CVN USS

1427: 884: 601: 509: 452: 49: 3509:

Scorpion Down: Sunk by the Soviets, Buried by the Pentagon: The Untold Story of the USS Scorpion

3062: 3056: 3009: 2943: 2869: 1964:

Scorpion Down: Sunk by the Soviets, Buried by the Pentagon: The Untold Story of the USS Scorpion

1312:, water, and marine life around the sunken submarine to establish what impact it has had on the 419:

19 December 1959, sponsored by Elizabeth S. Morrison, the daughter of the last commander of the

3842: 3782: 3380: 2367: 1932:

was known by the Russians, and its sinking followed the springing of the trap. The book claims

1556:, advances in submarine detection in the early 1960s, recounted similar scenarios to Offley in 1075: 1067: 778: 757: 533: 498: 472: 348: 4297: 4078: 3932: 3833: 3803: 2939: 2492: 770: 597: 424: 3874: 2894: 2861: 1152:

in the Pacific in early 1969, seeking to compare its acoustic signals to those generated by

777:, the chief scientist of the Navy's Special Projects Division. They employed the methods of 4214: 2906: 2031: 1899: 1831:

Red Star Rogue: The Untold Story of a Soviet Submarine's Nuclear Strike Attempt on the U.S.

1647: 694: 579: 3342:

Red Star Rogue: The Untold Story of a Soviet Submarine's Nuclear Strike Attempt on the U.S

3140:. JAG Navy Library Investigations. 5 November 1968. Finding of Fact #46-53. Archived from 955: 8: 4398: 4275: 4226: 3817: 3810: 3789: 2811: 1976: 1913: 1804: 1700: 1673: 1619: 1608: 1542: 1462: 1089: 676: 431:, Lt. Cdr. Maximilian Gmelich Schmidt (that ship was also lost with all hands, in 1944). 412: 1591:, in the heart of the U.S. Navy's communications, stating that it could have known that 1426:

fleet missile system. Craven surmised that a faulty battery had overheated. The Mark 46

1334:

submarine, their density and insolubility would cause them to settle into the sediment.

966:

of the operations compartment upon which it perched disintegrated, and was lying on its

774: 186:, in 3,000 m (9,800 ft) of water, 740 km (400 nmi) southwest of the 4264: 4131: 4111: 3639:

Why the USS Scorpion (SSN 589) Was Lost: The Death of a Submarine in the North Atlantic

3005: 2932: 2862: 2561: 2155: 1689: 436: 334: 327: 243: 3724: 3191:

F. Duncan. Rickover. A Study in Excellence. USNI. Annapolis (2011) p 214-215 & 218

2286:"Procedures for Qualification and Authorization of Activities to Perform SUBSAFE Work" 930: 485:

s homeport for the remainder of her career, and she specialized in developing nuclear

3642: 3623: 3573: 3554: 3548: 3533: 3527: 3512: 3444: 3345: 3322: 3312: 3168:"Assessment of Why Scorpion Was Lost by an Exceptionally Qualified Submarine Officer" 3066: 3000: 2947: 2910: 2873: 2502: 2457: 2425: 1869: 1450: 1071: 824:. The court of inquiry was subsequently reconvened, and other vessels, including the 486: 468: 344: 2298: 2010:

was a five-month-long deception to pretend they had no idea of the hull's location.

788:

Some reports indicate that a large and secret search was launched three days before

4121: 3489: 2027:

In a section from this 2014 book titled "The Danger of Culture", retired U.S. Navy

2022:

Against the Tide: Rickover's Leadership Principles and the Rise of the Nuclear Navy

1030:

released by the Navy in 2012, show the broken inboard end of the propulsion shaft.

959: 769:

and her crew were declared "presumed lost" on 5 June. Her name was struck from the

337:, and the sixth vessel, and second submarine, of the U.S. Navy to carry that name. 4068: 3921: 3696: 3691: 3110: 2996:"A long and deep mystery/Scorpion crewman says sub's '68 sinking was preventable" 2895: 2497: 1786: 1509: 1399: 1364: 1316:. The information is contained within an annual public report on the U.S. Navy's 1225: 1219: 745: 303: 2747:"Density of Uranium is 18.7; Plutonium 19.8 -- as compared to sea water at 1.03" 1993:

on 21 May 1968, and by the night of 22 May 68, deep concern had arisen over the

1966:. In the book, Offley, gathering decades of his own research, hypothesizes that 1524:

by Kenneth Sewell and Jerome Preisler (Simon and Schuster, 2008) concludes that

773:

on 30 June. The search continued with a team of mathematical consultants led by

382:

remains in the North Atlantic Ocean with all its armaments and nuclear reactor.

4152: 2644:"Our continuation of the USS Scorpion (SSN-589) Nuclear Attack Submarine story" 1921: 1763: 1626: 1423: 1326: 1325:

in excess of levels expected from the fallout from past atmospheric testing of

1279: 841: 1962:. This article summarizes the facts in the case as presented in his 2007 book 1714:-class Soviet sub, while noisy, might well have been able to engage a 29-knot 397:

slides down the ways at the launch in Groton, Connecticut, on 19 December 1959

4347: 4194: 4143: 4089: 3601: 2975:

N. Polmar; The death of USS Thresher, 2nd ed; First Lyon, (2004, 2017) p. 167

2786: 2506: 1680: 1615: 1572:, but were immediately put down by the captain as a Soviet torpedo exercise. 1313: 1256: 1243: 963: 173: 160: 3737: 3326: 1618:, stated that in 1972, during his service as a junior navigation officer on 4307: 4242: 3232: 2608:"New evidence suggests Soviets may have sunk the sub Scorpion 40 years ago" 2159: 1844: 1271: 1009: 1001: 667:

in Spain, one for a family emergency and one for health reasons. Some U.S.

641:

suffered several mechanical malfunctions, including a chronic problem with

622:

departed on her last voyage). This is one of the last photographs taken of

420: 20: 4184: 4005: 3994: 3464: 3308:

Blind man's bluff : the untold story of Cold War submarine espionage

3306: 2902: 2897:

Silent Steel: The Mysterious Death of the Nuclear Attack Sub USS Scorpion

1283: 1183: 1147: 825: 754: 494: 464: 279: 1773:, a book providing a rare look into the world of nuclear submarines and 1178:

The NOL acoustics study provided a highly debated explanation as to how

1124:

occurred outside or inside the hull. Craven had attempted to prove that

4235: 4058: 4036: 4026: 3658:"Rebutting Conjecture: Scorpion Reversed Course Just Before Being Lost" 3529:

All Hands Down: The True Story of the Soviet Attack on the USS Scorpion

1726:

The results of the U.S. Navy's various investigations into the loss of

1387: 803: 545: 3111:"Has the "Fire!" Command Sounded in the Compartments of the Cold War?" 3085:

D. Owen. History of Anti-Sub Warfare.USNI. Annapolis (2007) p 207-208.

39: 4162: 3953: 3684: 2764: 2376: 2056: 1774: 1499:

submarine's propeller, this could be damage caused by such a weapon.

1025: 967: 717: 512:

for outstanding leadership, foresight, and professional skill. Other

355: 330: 220: 1134:

The 1970 Naval Ordnance Laboratory "Letter", the acoustics study of

1045: 869: 4204: 4100: 3550:

Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage

2180:

CINCLANTFLEET History Log June 1968 to July 1969, page 104 at 4. a.

1917: 1778: 1770:

Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage

1309: 833:, were dispatched to the scene to collect pictures and other data. 820:

listening system, which contained the sounds of the destruction of

802:

At the end of October 1968, the Navy's oceanographic research ship

233: 2421:"After 25 years of loss, families resent Navy's silence about sub" 1920:

Soviet aggression. The thesis of this book is that action off the

1033: 516:

officers and crewmen were also cited for meritorious achievement.

390: 3469: 1970:

was sunk by the Soviets, possibly in retaliation for the loss of

1322: 1295: 1098: 812:

on the seabed, about 400 nmi (740 km) southwest of the

537: 490: 3115: 2293: 2040: 1642: 1210: 813: 765:

The Navy suspected possible failure and launched a search, but

615: 544:

Cold War pressures had prompted U.S. Submarine Force Atlantic (

187: 2987: 1998:

confirmed to interested staff that no check transmission from

1904:, a fast attack submarine. It attempts to link the sinking of 1603:

incidents. Several USN and RN submarines collided with Soviet

497:

operating areas. From June 1963 to May 1964, she underwent an

147:

Lost with all 99 crew on 22 May 1968; cause of sinking unknown

3904: 3732: 3024: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 1937: 817: 642: 343:

was believed to have sunk on 27 May 1968. She is one of two

2188: 2186: 1840: 1358: 439:

29 July 1960, with Commander Norman B. Bessac in command.

3641:(31 October 2011 ed.). Nimble Books LLC. p. 74. 2316: 1473: 3058:

Red November: Inside the Secret U.S.-Soviet Submarine War

2864:

U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History

1672:

However, the USN case for SSN 688 after the hijacking of

1584: 1111: 836:

Craven received much credit for locating the wreckage of

3262: 2183: 2152:"USS Scorpion (SSN 589) May 27, 1968 – 99 Men Lost" 2065:(1969) titled "The Scorpion Departs but Never Returns". 3622:(October 1992 ed.). Stackpole Books. p. 912. 3371:

was an accident; revelations suggest a darker scenario"

1858:, which the Soviets had attributed to a collision with 1785:

and her loss. The book reports that concerns about the

1282:

and a team of oceanographers from Woods Hole using the

1229:

A 1985 image of the submarine's fractured stern section

3286: 3233:"USS Scorpion – US Navy Investigation and Conclusions" 3093: 3091: 2470: 1854:

was caused by a retaliatory strike for the sinking of

3258: 3256: 3036: 2723:"'TITANIC' DISCOVERY WAS BYPRODUCT OF MILITARY QUEST" 2342: 2340: 1710:

was to engage, and by implication that an even faster

1502: 1074:, who had presided over the inquiry into the loss of 990:

might have knocked the light into the open position.

799:

s destruction before the public search was launched.

3712:

World War II National Submarine Memorial – East

3707:

World War II National Submarine Memorial – West

3443:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 43. 2760:"Submarine vets call for USS Scorpion investigation" 2493:"Strange Devices That Found the Sunken Sub Scorpion" 1084:

cannot be ascertained from evidence now available."

671:(SSBNs) operated from the U.S. Naval base Rota; USS 548:) officers to cut corners. The last overhaul of the 3864:

List of submarine classes of the United States Navy

3088: 2501:. Bonnier Corporation. April 1969. pp. 66–71. 1393: 3253: 2931: 2360: 2337: 1410: 1196:The Navy has extensively investigated the loss of 3465:"Youtube: The Scorpion Departs but Never Returns" 2637: 2635: 2633: 1975:mechanical cryptologic devices (TSAC/KW- 7) from 1839:was sunk 300 nmi (560 km) northwest of 4345: 3311:. Christopher Drew. London: Arrow. p. 118. 1587:spy ring (the so-called Walker spy ring) led by 1066:Shortly after her sinking, the Navy assembled a 1061: 958:on the sea floor, digging a sizable trench. The 704:prepared to head back to Naval Station Norfolk. 447:Assigned to Submarine Squadron 6, Division 62, 3525: 3413:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History 3339: 3030: 2853: 2630: 2400:. Department of Defence, CINTLANT. 3 June 1968 2331: 1156:. Price found the Navy's scheduled sinking of 3890: 3767: 3753: 1781:. One lengthy chapter deals extensively with 1013:auxiliary machine space and the engine room. 954:appears to have skidded upon impact with the 659:After departing the Mediterranean on 16 May, 155:Located on the seabed of the Atlantic Ocean, 4369:Nuclear submarines of the United States Navy 3859:List of submarines of the United States Navy 1237:are reportedly resting on a sandy seabed at 1143:acoustic events were caused by explosions." 675:is thought to have provided noise cover for 3620:History of the U.S. Navy, Vol. 2, 1942–1991 3606:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 2412: 2218:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships 898:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 749:1968 U.S. Navy photo of the bow section of 3897: 3883: 3760: 3746: 3547:Sontag, Sherry; Drew, Christopher (2000). 3546: 3526:Sewell, Kenneth; Preisler, Jerome (2008). 3292: 3226: 3224: 2674:"H-019-3 Navy Non-Combat Submarine Losses" 2577:"Navy Indicates Cause Of 1968 Sub Sinking" 2362:"Why they called the Scorpion 'Scrapiron'" 2192: 1353: 720:, Greece, which forwarded the messages to 707: 299:6 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes 3905:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1968 3483: 3340:Sewell, Kenneth; Richmond, Clint (2006). 1446:, he recounts a simulation run by former 1337: 918:Learn how and when to remove this message 4354:Cold War submarines of the United States 3600:This article incorporates text from the 3486:"The Scorpion Departs but Never Returns" 3209:F. Duncan.. USNI. Annapolis (2011) p 220 2929: 2859: 2696: 2694: 2605: 2529: 2487: 2485: 2451: 2445: 1721: 1637:. It had been an extremely close call." 1359:Hydrogen explosion during battery charge 1224: 1209: 1044: 1032: 929: 744: 596: 389: 347:the U.S. Navy has lost, the other being 19:For other ships with the same name, see 16:Skipjack-class nuclear-powered submarine 3263:Slattery (Keebs/Slatts), CSC, Michael. 3221: 2993: 2892: 2757: 2456:. Yale University Press. pp. 97–. 2358: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 1640:According to a translated article from 1474:Intentional firing of defective torpedo 618:, Italy, in April 1968 (shortly before 471:, a month later. In 1962, she earned a 407:s keel was laid down 20 August 1958 by 263:31 ft 7.75 in (9.6457 m) 4346: 3506: 3438: 3432: 3410: 3364: 3304: 3042: 2810: 2476: 2418: 2346: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 1536:promotes a hypothesis suggesting that 1112:Naval Ordnance Laboratory report: 1970 1056: 3878: 3741: 3567: 3097: 3061:. New York: William Morrow. pp. 2691: 2525: 2523: 2482: 2109:List of lost United States submarines 2095:, intended to be an attack submarine. 2051: 1960:Quarterly Journal of Military History 1819:was moored at the time and not lost. 1793:were raised in 1967 and 1968, before 1304:Due to the radioactive nature of the 592: 442: 61: 4359:Lost submarines of the United States 3703:(SSN-589) at NavSource Naval History 3655: 3636: 3617: 3411:Offley, Ed (2008). "Buried at Sea". 3237:Southern Colorado Submarine Veterans 3165: 3054: 2816:"Respect For Authority – Overrated?" 2395:"USS Scorpion search messages FINAL" 2198: 1789:conventional torpedo carried aboard 1754: 1541:harassed by another U.S. submarine, 1489: 896:adding citations to reliable sources 863: 255:251 ft 8 in (76.71 m) 2530:Mizokami, Kyle (13 November 2016). 2137: 1564:and details his own service on USS 1470:those made by other manufacturers. 463:-member navies. After returning to 239:3,075 long tons (3,124 t) full 13: 4379:Ships built in Groton, Connecticut 3587: 3532:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2565:. 1 February 1969. pp. 1, 14. 2557:"Loss of Scorpion Baffles Inquiry" 2520: 2227:Naval History and Heritage Command 1850:Sewell claims that the sinking of 1503:Malfunction of trash disposal unit 1482:to complete its mission first. If 859: 271:9.1 m (29 ft 10 in) 14: 4430: 4394:United States submarine accidents 3669: 3656:Rule, Bruce (22 September 2013). 3511:. New York: Perseus Books Group. 3230: 3131:"Court of Inquiry – USS Scorpion" 2868:. U.S. Naval Institute. pp. 2758:Vergano, Dan (16 November 2012). 2641: 2452:McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (2011). 2297:. 6 November 2006. Archived from 2114:List of sunken nuclear submarines 1888: 1822: 1625:, a Soviet submarine entered the 1004:'s Submarine Structures director 934:Skipjack-class submarine drawing: 656:safety checks and modifications. 523: 4374:Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean 4329: 4324: 3593: 2994:Johnson, Stephen (23 May 1993). 2787:"The Commentaries of Bruce Rule" 2419:Keyser, Tom (21 November 1993). 1947: 1583:point toward involvement by the 1515: 1394:Accidental activation of torpedo 868: 808:located sections of the hull of 197: 63: 38: 3553:. New York: Harper Paperbacks. 3477: 3457: 3423: 3404: 3395: 3358: 3333: 3298: 3265:"Slattery, Francis Atwood, CDR" 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3166:Rule, Bruce (20 January 2014). 3159: 3123: 3103: 3079: 3048: 2978: 2969: 2960: 2923: 2886: 2844: 2804: 2779: 2751: 2740: 2715: 2703: 2666: 2599: 2569: 2549: 2387: 2352: 1548:. W. Craig Reed, who served on 1411:Explosion of torpedo inside sub 1220:Mark 45 antisubmarine torpedoes 740: 4414:Submarines lost with all hands 2606:Wiltrout, Kate (18 May 2008). 2359:Bradley, Mark A. (July 1998). 2278: 2244: 2233: 2174: 2126: 2075: 409:General Dynamics Electric Boat 98:General Dynamics Electric Boat 1: 3717:U.S. Navy photographs of USS 3609:. The entry can be found 2381:United States Naval Institute 2119: 2059:released a song on his album 1205: 1062:Court of inquiry report: 1968 4409:Warships lost with all hands 3637:Rule, Bruce (October 2011). 3200:Duncan.Rickover.(2011) p 221 3031:Sewell & Preisler (2008) 2332:Sewell & Preisler (2008) 1560:, over Soviet torpedoing of 944:5. Auxiliary machinery space 669:ballistic missile submarines 7: 2102: 1554:electronic support measures 1041:shaft lying on ocean bottom 986:said that the shock of the 962:had been dislodged, as the 242:195 long tons (198 t) 10: 4435: 4364:Maritime incidents in 1968 3500: 3484:Phil Ochs (11 June 2023). 3376:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 3367:"Navy says sinking of the 3365:Offley, Ed (21 May 1998). 2938:. New Haven & London: 2585:United Press International 2017:plunged past crush depth. 1002:Naval Ship Systems Command 385: 18: 4404:1968 in the United States 4389:Sunken nuclear submarines 4384:Skipjack-class submarines 4319: 4255: 4238:Comodoro Augusto Lasserre 3910: 3854: 3828: 3778: 3344:. New York: Pocket Star. 2930:McGrayne, Sharon (2011). 2893:Johnson, Stephen (2006). 2860:Friedman, Norman (1994). 2825:: 116–124. Archived from 2260:Electric Boat Corporation 2240:"Naval Unit Commendation" 2062:Rehearsals for Retirement 1984:Offley contends that the 1457:Craven had long believed 1118:Naval Ordnance Laboratory 940:3. Operations compartment 576:Chief of Naval Operations 569:Charleston Naval Shipyard 205: 56: 37: 3690:23 December 2009 at the 3618:Love, Robert W. (1992). 3572:. London: Bantam Press. 3293:Sontag & Drew (2000) 3119:– via RusNavy.com. 2254:Submarine Safety Program 2193:Sontag & Drew (2000) 2068: 1749: 1679:in January 1968 and the 1629:channel in Scotland and 1589:John Anthony Walker, Jr. 1318:environmental monitoring 1160:fortunate. Nonetheless, 1024:Photos taken in 1986 by 4130:August (unknown date): 3725:On Eternal Patrol: USS 3568:White, Rowland (2006). 3305:Sontag, Sherry (2000). 2213:"Scorpion VI (SSN-589)" 2133:USNI Magazine July 1988 1688:-class SSN crew aboard 1354:Theories about the loss 1344:U.S. Submarine Veterans 1214:The bow section of the 1090:Norfolk Virginian-Pilot 708:Disappearance: May 1968 510:Navy Commendation Medal 453:New London, Connecticut 289:8 officers, 75 enlisted 206:General characteristics 50:New London, Connecticut 4035:April (unknown date): 3733:Search Operation Video 2158:. 2007. Archived from 1747: 1342:In November 2012, the 1338:Call for inquiry: 2012 1314:deep-ocean environment 1230: 1222: 1203: 1053: 1042: 1037:Broken inboard end of 947: 942:4. Reactor compartment 779:Bayesian search theory 762: 630:In late October 1967, 627: 534:Norfolk Naval Shipyard 473:Navy Unit Commendation 398: 370:Soviet submarine 363:French submarine 48:, 22 August 1960, off 3439:Oliver, Dave (2014). 2940:Yale University Press 2907:John Wiley & Sons 2536:The National Interest 1811:prior to the loss of 1743: 1722:U.S. Navy conclusions 1228: 1218:contains two nuclear 1213: 1194: 1048: 1036: 933: 771:Naval Vessel Register 748: 600: 393: 3685:Memorial for 99 crew 2823:The Submarine Review 1767:reporters published 1257:32.9150°N 33.14817°W 892:improve this section 852:and finally located 783:Palomares B-52 crash 687:hunter-killer subs. 580:David Lamar McDonald 528:On 1 February 1967, 378:The wreckage of the 236:(2,930 t) light 3507:Offley, Ed (2007). 3218:Duncan (2011) p 220 3055:Reed, W.C. (2010). 2612:The Virginian-Pilot 2433:on 14 December 2014 2304:on 28 February 2013 1914:John Anthony Walker 1494:Photographs of the 1463:Keyport, Washington 1428:silver–zinc battery 1253: / 1233:The remains of the 1057:Navy investigations 1049:Bow section of the 982:pilot who dived on 663:dropped two men at 610:alongside, outside 603:Tallahatchie County 413:Groton, Connecticut 333:that served in the 170: / 34: 3269:Together We Served 3147:on 16 October 2013 3012:on 8 February 2009 3006:Hearst Corporation 2587:. 17 December 1984 2581:The New York Times 2562:The New York Times 2156:United States Navy 2052:In popular culture 1829:In 2005, the book 1465:, just before the 1365:hydrogen explosion 1262:32.9150; -33.14817 1231: 1223: 1054: 1043: 948: 763: 729:message including 665:Naval Station Rota 628: 593:Service: 1967–1968 443:Service: 1960–1967 399: 345:nuclear submarines 335:United States Navy 28: 4341: 4340: 3872: 3871: 3772:-class submarines 3648:978-1-60888-120-8 3579:978-0-593-05391-1 3560:978-0-06-097771-9 3539:978-1-4391-0454-5 3518:978-0-465-00884-1 3450:978-1-61251-797-1 3351:978-1-4165-2733-6 3138:JAG Navy Military 3072:978-0-06-180676-6 3001:Houston Chronicle 2953:978-0-300-16969-0 2916:978-0-471-26737-9 2654:on 19 August 2014 2463:978-0-300-18822-6 2426:The Baltimore Sun 2085:George Washington 1870:Peter Huchthausen 1800:Blind Man's Bluff 1756:Blind Man's Bluff 1648:Echo-II submarine 1532:Ed Offley's book 1490:Structural damage 1451:executive officer 1418:Blind Man's Bluff 1072:Bernard L. Austin 928: 927: 920: 753:, by the crew of 487:submarine warfare 469:Norfolk, Virginia 311: 310: 304:Mark 45 torpedoes 174:32.917°N 33.150°W 4426: 4333: 4328: 4312: 4302: 4292: 4281: 4270: 4248: 4230: 4220: 4217:Jesse Rutherford 4209: 4199: 4189: 4179: 4168: 4157: 4147: 4137: 4126: 4116: 4106: 4095: 4084: 4073: 4063: 4053: 4042: 4031: 4021: 4011: 4000: 3989: 3979: 3969: 3966:Kingston Peridot 3959: 3948: 3938: 3927: 3899: 3892: 3885: 3876: 3875: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3665: 3652: 3633: 3597: 3596: 3583: 3564: 3543: 3522: 3494: 3493: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3441:Against the Tide 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3379:. Archived from 3362: 3356: 3355: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3275: 3260: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3228: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3146: 3135: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3008:. Archived from 2991: 2985: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2937: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2900: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2867: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2820: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2755: 2749: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2650:. Archived from 2648:Military Factory 2639: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2614:. Archived from 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2489: 2480: 2479:, pp. 241–. 2474: 2468: 2467: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2429:. Archived from 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2399: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2364: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2335: 2329: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2303: 2290: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2262:. Archived from 2248: 2242: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2209: 2196: 2190: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2162:on 12 March 2008 2148: 2135: 2130: 2096: 2079: 2048:investigation." 1740: 1614:during the 1982 1375:Against the Tide 1269: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1174: 1130: 1107: 1068:court of inquiry 999: 976: 956:globigerina ooze 923: 916: 912: 909: 903: 872: 864: 798: 775:John Piña Craven 698:-class submarine 651: 626:before her loss. 588: 561: 484: 406: 201: 185: 184: 182: 181: 180: 175: 171: 168: 167: 166: 163: 115:29 December 1959 71: 68: 67: 66: 42: 35: 27: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4419:May 1968 events 4344: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4315: 4305: 4295: 4284: 4273: 4262: 4256:Other incidents 4251: 4233: 4223: 4212: 4202: 4192: 4182: 4171: 4160: 4150: 4140: 4129: 4119: 4113:Skagway Victory 4109: 4098: 4087: 4076: 4066: 4056: 4045: 4034: 4024: 4014: 4003: 3992: 3982: 3972: 3962: 3951: 3941: 3930: 3919: 3906: 3903: 3873: 3868: 3850: 3824: 3774: 3766: 3692:Wayback Machine 3672: 3649: 3630: 3594: 3590: 3588:Further reading 3580: 3561: 3540: 3519: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3482: 3478: 3473:. 11 June 2023. 3463: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3363: 3359: 3352: 3338: 3334: 3319: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3273: 3271: 3261: 3254: 3241: 3239: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3013: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2954: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2909:. p. 304. 2891: 2887: 2880: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2818: 2814:(August 2015). 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2727:Tampa Bay Times 2721: 2720: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2640: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2540: 2538: 2528: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2498:Popular Science 2491: 2490: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2450: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2357: 2353: 2345: 2338: 2330: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2234: 2223:Navy Department 2211: 2210: 2199: 2191: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2150: 2149: 2138: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2054: 2025: 1952: 1893: 1827: 1759: 1752: 1738: 1724: 1518: 1510:periscope depth 1505: 1492: 1476: 1413: 1400:Mark 37 torpedo 1396: 1361: 1356: 1340: 1327:nuclear weapons 1261: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1208: 1172: 1128: 1114: 1105: 1094:The Ledger-Star 1064: 1059: 997: 974: 945: 943: 941: 939: 938:2. Torpedo room 937: 936:1. Sonar arrays 935: 924: 913: 907: 904: 889: 873: 862: 860:Observed damage 796: 743: 710: 679:John C. Calhoun 649: 635:west for home. 612:Claywall Harbor 595: 586: 559: 526: 482: 445: 404: 388: 328:nuclear-powered 179:32.917; -33.150 178: 176: 172: 169: 164: 161: 159: 157: 156: 89:31 January 1957 69: 64: 62: 52: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4432: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4339: 4338: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4293: 4282: 4271: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4234:Unknown date: 4231: 4221: 4210: 4200: 4190: 4180: 4169: 4158: 4148: 4138: 4127: 4117: 4107: 4096: 4085: 4074: 4064: 4054: 4043: 4032: 4022: 4012: 4001: 3990: 3986:Ross Cleveland 3980: 3970: 3960: 3949: 3939: 3928: 3916: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3902: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3879: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3839: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3815: 3808: 3801: 3794: 3787: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3765: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3722: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3694: 3682: 3671: 3670:External links 3668: 3667: 3666: 3653: 3647: 3634: 3628: 3615: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3578: 3565: 3559: 3544: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3476: 3456: 3449: 3431: 3422: 3403: 3394: 3383:on 28 May 2008 3357: 3350: 3332: 3317: 3297: 3285: 3252: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3158: 3122: 3102: 3087: 3078: 3071: 3063:212–24, 287–90 3047: 3045:, p. 480. 3035: 3033:, p. 288. 3023: 2986: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2952: 2922: 2915: 2885: 2878: 2852: 2843: 2832:on 31 May 2017 2803: 2778: 2750: 2739: 2714: 2702: 2690: 2665: 2629: 2618:on 21 May 2016 2598: 2568: 2548: 2519: 2481: 2469: 2462: 2444: 2411: 2386: 2351: 2336: 2315: 2277: 2266:on 28 May 2015 2243: 2232: 2197: 2195:, p. 432. 2182: 2173: 2136: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2053: 2050: 2024: 2019: 1951: 1946: 1936:was sunk by a 1922:Canary Islands 1916:spy ring, and 1912:incident, the 1896:All Hands Down 1892: 1890:All Hands Down 1887: 1868:In 1995, when 1826: 1824:Red Star Rogue 1821: 1764:New York Times 1758: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1723: 1720: 1627:Firth of Clyde 1577:All Hands Down 1522:All Hands Down 1517: 1514: 1504: 1501: 1491: 1488: 1475: 1472: 1444:The Silent War 1442:. In his book 1424:UGM-27 Polaris 1412: 1409: 1395: 1392: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1339: 1336: 1280:Robert Ballard 1207: 1204: 1113: 1110: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 946:6. Engine room 926: 925: 908:September 2016 876: 874: 867: 861: 858: 842:hydroacoustics 742: 739: 709: 706: 685:November-class 594: 591: 525: 524:Overhaul: 1967 522: 444: 441: 429: (SS-278) 387: 384: 309: 308: 307: 306: 300: 295: 291: 290: 287: 283: 282: 277: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 261: 257: 256: 253: 249: 248: 247: 246: 240: 237: 228: 224: 223: 212: 211:Class and type 208: 207: 203: 202: 195: 191: 190: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 107:20 August 1958 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 59: 58: 54: 53: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4431: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3900: 3895: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3845: 3841:Followed by: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3832:Preceded by: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3771: 3763: 3758: 3756: 3751: 3749: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3697:Photo gallery 3695: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3629:0-8117-1863-8 3625: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3602:public domain 3592: 3591: 3581: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3504: 3491: 3487: 3480: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3398: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3361: 3353: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3318:0-09-940998-4 3314: 3310: 3309: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3270: 3266: 3259: 3257: 3249: 3238: 3234: 3227: 3225: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3126: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3106: 3100:, p. 39. 3099: 3094: 3092: 3082: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3051: 3044: 3043:Offley (2007) 3039: 3032: 3027: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2981: 2972: 2963: 2955: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2926: 2918: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2889: 2881: 2879:1-55750-260-9 2875: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2856: 2847: 2828: 2824: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2748: 2743: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2712:, 2 June 2008 2711: 2706: 2697: 2695: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2642:Potts, J. R. 2638: 2636: 2634: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2552: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2524: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2478: 2477:Offley (2007) 2473: 2465: 2459: 2455: 2448: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2415: 2396: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2363: 2355: 2348: 2347:Offley (2007) 2343: 2341: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2287: 2281: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2247: 2241: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2177: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2066: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2049: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1979: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1950: 1949:Scorpion Down 1945: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1761:In 1998, two 1757: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1682: 1681:Tet offensive 1678: 1677: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1616:Falklands War 1613: 1612: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581:Scorpion Down 1578: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1539: 1535: 1534:Scorpion Down 1530: 1527: 1523: 1516:Soviet attack 1513: 1511: 1500: 1497: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1299: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1273: 1266: 1236: 1227: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1202: 1199: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1087:In 1984, the 1085: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1052: 1047: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1028: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1006:Peter Palermo 1003: 996: 991: 989: 985: 981: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 932: 922: 919: 911: 901: 897: 893: 887: 886: 882: 877:This section 875: 871: 866: 865: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 834: 832: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 806: 800: 795: 791: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 761: 760: 756: 752: 747: 738: 736: 732: 727: 723: 719: 714: 705: 703: 699: 697: 692: 688: 686: 681: 680: 674: 670: 666: 662: 657: 655: 648: 644: 640: 636: 633: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 604: 599: 590: 585: 581: 577: 573: 570: 566: 558: 554: 551: 547: 542: 539: 535: 531: 521: 519: 515: 511: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 481: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 440: 438: 434: 430: 428: 422: 418: 414: 410: 403: 396: 392: 383: 381: 376: 374: 373: 367: 366: 360: 359: 353: 352: 346: 342: 338: 336: 332: 329: 326: 324: 319: 317: 305: 301: 298: 297: 296: 293: 292: 288: 285: 284: 281: 278: 275: 274: 270: 267: 266: 262: 259: 258: 254: 251: 250: 245: 241: 238: 235: 231: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 219: 217: 213: 210: 209: 204: 200: 196: 193: 192: 189: 183: 154: 151: 150: 146: 143: 142: 139:USS Scrapiron 138: 135: 134: 130: 127: 126: 122: 119: 118: 114: 111: 110: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 92: 88: 85: 84: 81: 78: 75: 74: 70:United States 60: 55: 51: 47: 41: 36: 32: 26: 22: 4308: 4298: 4288: 4277: 4266: 4244: 4237: 4225: 4216: 4205: 4195: 4185: 4175: 4164: 4153: 4142: 4133: 4122: 4112: 4102: 4091: 4080: 4069: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4038: 4027: 4017: 4007: 3996: 3984: 3975: 3964: 3955: 3944: 3934: 3923: 3843: 3834: 3818: 3811: 3804: 3797: 3796: 3790: 3783: 3769: 3726: 3718: 3700: 3677: 3661: 3638: 3619: 3608: 3599: 3569: 3549: 3528: 3508: 3479: 3468: 3459: 3440: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3397: 3385:. 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Retrieved 2160:the original 2128: 2089: 2084: 2077: 2060: 2055: 2045: 2035: 2029:Rear Admiral 2026: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1851: 1849: 1845:Pearl Harbor 1835: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1816: 1812: 1806: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1768: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1744: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1699:-class, the 1696: 1691: 1685: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1621: 1610: 1604: 1596: 1592: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1558:Red November 1557: 1549: 1544: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1506: 1495: 1493: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1466: 1458: 1456: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1432: 1416: 1414: 1404: 1397: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1362: 1347: 1341: 1330: 1305: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1276: 1272:Sargasso Sea 1234: 1232: 1215: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1125: 1122: 1115: 1102: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1065: 1050: 1038: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1015: 994: 992: 983: 979: 971: 951: 949: 914: 905: 890:Please help 878: 853: 849: 837: 835: 829: 821: 809: 804: 801: 793: 789: 787: 766: 764: 758: 750: 741:Search: 1968 734: 730: 725: 712: 711: 701: 695: 690: 689: 678: 672: 660: 658: 653: 646: 638: 637: 631: 629: 623: 619: 607: 602: 583: 574: 564: 556: 555: 549: 543: 529: 527: 517: 513: 507: 479: 478:Norfolk was 477: 448: 446: 437:commissioned 432: 426: 421:World War II 401: 400: 395:USS Scorpion 394: 379: 377: 371: 364: 357: 350: 340: 339: 322: 315: 313: 312: 227:Displacement 215: 131:30 June 1968 123:29 July 1960 120:Commissioned 79: 45: 30: 25: 21:USS Scorpion 4154:E Evangelia 3924:Abercrombie 3662:IUSSCAA.org 3177:23 February 3172:IUSSCAA.org 2903:Hoboken, NJ 2796:23 February 2791:IUSSCAA.org 2512:23 February 2368:Proceedings 2308:23 February 2270:23 February 2032:Dave Oliver 1815:, although 1777:during the 1388:hydrophones 1284:submersible 1260: / 1010:hydrostatic 950:The bow of 846:crush depth 826:bathyscaphe 755:bathyscaphe 495:Puerto Rico 465:New England 280:S5W reactor 177: / 136:Nickname(s) 4399:1959 ships 4348:Categories 4196:Empire Ace 4176:Archerfish 3945:St Romanus 3912:Shipwrecks 3570:Vulcan 607 3419:(2): 8–16. 3387:9 February 3274:22 October 3242:21 October 2942:. p. 2836:19 January 2404:28 October 2256:(SUBSAFE)" 2120:References 1662:Enterprise 1467:Scorpion's 1248:33°08.89′W 1206:Wreck site 1101:while the 980:Trieste II 830:Trieste II 759:Trieste II 735:Brandywine 731:Scorpion's 722:COMSUBLANT 503:Charleston 459:units and 415:. She was 368:, and the 286:Complement 276:Propulsion 244:deadweight 33:(SSN-589) 4289:Swordfish 4287:USS 4276:USS 4265:HMS 4215:USS 4174:USS 4132:USS 4123:Amaryllis 4101:USS 4092:Devilfish 4090:USS 4060:Riachuelo 4048:USS 4037:USS 4006:USS 3995:USS 3954:INS 3922:USS 2765:USA Today 2658:17 August 2507:0161-7370 2437:7 January 2377:Annapolis 2057:Phil Ochs 1908:with the 1862:Swordfish 1860:USS 1809:(SSN-583) 1775:espionage 1657:Skipjack- 1652:Scorpion' 1635:Conqueror 1631:Conqueror 1622:Conqueror 1620:HMS 1609:HMS 1543:USS 1520:The book 1407:herself. 1384:Scorpion. 1369:Scorpion. 1296:RMS 1245:32°54.9′N 1201:occurred. 988:implosion 970:. One of 968:port side 879:does not 733:codename 726:Scorpion 718:Nea Makri 677:USS 582:approved 457:6th Fleet 451:departed 425:USS 356:INS 349:USS 331:submarine 318:(SSN-589) 234:long tons 221:submarine 104:Laid down 4309:Cossatot 4306:15 Jun: 4296:24 May: 4285:17 Mar: 4274:23 Jan: 4263:12 Jan: 4224:24 Dec: 4203:24 Nov: 4193:11 Nov: 4186:Sitakund 4183:21 Oct: 4172:19 Oct: 4161:16 Oct: 4151:15 Oct: 4120:22 Aug: 4110:18 Aug: 4099:17 Aug: 4088:14 Aug: 4081:Mackinac 4077:23 Jul: 4057:30 Jun: 4050:Scorpion 4046:21 May: 4025:10 Apr: 3993:20 Feb: 3973:27 Jan: 3963:26 Jan: 3952:23 Jan: 3942:11 Jan: 3935:Coos Bay 3798:Scorpion 3784:Skipjack 3770:Skipjack 3727:Scorpion 3719:Scorpion 3701:Scorpion 3688:Archived 3678:Scorpion 3369:Scorpion 3327:44015138 2771:17 March 2710:ABC News 2383:: 30–38. 2103:See also 2090:Scorpion 2046:Scorpion 2036:Scorpion 2015:Scorpion 2008:Scorpion 2004:Scorpion 2000:Scorpion 1995:Scorpion 1991:Scorpion 1986:Scorpion 1968:Scorpion 1956:Scorpion 1934:Scorpion 1930:Scorpion 1918:Cold War 1906:Scorpion 1879:Scorpion 1852:Scorpion 1813:Scorpion 1795:Scorpion 1791:Scorpion 1783:Scorpion 1779:Cold War 1741:s loss. 1736:Scorpion 1732:Scorpion 1728:Scorpion 1716:Skipjack 1712:November 1697:Skipjack 1667:Sturgeon 1611:Splendid 1597:Scorpion 1593:Scorpion 1562:Scorpion 1538:Scorpion 1526:Scorpion 1496:Scorpion 1484:Scorpion 1480:Scorpion 1459:Scorpion 1448:Scorpion 1440:Scorpion 1433:Scorpion 1405:Scorpion 1379:Scorpion 1348:Scorpion 1331:Scorpion 1310:sediment 1306:Scorpion 1292:Scorpion 1288:Thresher 1235:Scorpion 1216:Scorpion 1198:Scorpion 1180:Scorpion 1170:Scorpion 1166:Scorpion 1154:Scorpion 1141:Scorpion 1136:Scorpion 1126:Scorpion 1103:Scorpion 1082:Scorpion 1077:Thresher 1051:Scorpion 1039:Scorpion 995:Scorpion 984:Scorpion 972:Scorpion 952:Scorpion 854:Scorpion 838:Scorpion 822:Scorpion 810:Scorpion 794:Scorpion 790:Scorpion 767:Scorpion 751:Scorpion 713:Scorpion 702:Scorpion 691:Scorpion 673:Scorpion 661:Scorpion 654:Thresher 647:Scorpion 639:Scorpion 632:Scorpion 624:Scorpion 620:Scorpion 608:Scorpion 584:Scorpion 578:Admiral 567:. While 565:Thresher 557:Scorpion 550:Scorpion 532:entered 530:Scorpion 518:Scorpion 514:Scorpion 499:overhaul 480:Scorpion 449:Scorpion 433:Scorpion 427:Scorpion 417:launched 402:Scorpion 380:Scorpion 351:Thresher 341:Scorpion 323:Skipjack 316:Scorpion 294:Armament 216:Skipjack 128:Stricken 112:Launched 80:Scorpion 46:Scorpion 31:Scorpion 4267:Artemis 4213:8 Dec: 4144:Alhelal 4141:4 Oct: 4070:Humaitá 4067:9 Jul: 4015:8 Mar: 4008:Bayonne 4004:1 Mar: 3997:Saufley 3976:Minerve 3931:9 Jan: 3920:7 Jan: 3805:Sculpin 3699:of USS 3680:SSN-589 3501:Sources 3470:YouTube 3231:Staff. 3151:9 April 3016:27 June 2732:23 June 2683:20 July 2541:23 July 2166:9 April 2093:SSN-589 1323:uranium 1298:Titanic 1185:Chopper 1162:Sterlet 1158:Sterlet 1149:Sterlet 1099:torpedo 900:removed 885:sources 696:Echo II 546:SUBLANT 538:SUBSAFE 491:Bermuda 386:Service 365:Minerve 165:33°09′W 162:32°55′N 94:Builder 86:Ordered 57:History 4278:Pueblo 4245:Dexter 4243:USCGC 4227:Azuero 4134:Condor 4079:USCGC 4039:Motive 4028:Wahine 3983:4 Feb: 3933:USCGC 3844:Permit 3645: 3626: 3598: 3576: 3557: 3536: 3515: 3490:Genius 3447: 3348: 3325: 3315: 3116:Pravda 3069: 2950: 2913: 2876: 2622:22 May 2591:22 May 2505: 2460: 2294:NAVSEA 2041:NAVSEA 1978:Pueblo 1910:Pueblo 1901:Parche 1686:Permit 1676:Pueblo 1643:Pravda 1175:s 15. 1027:Alvin, 814:Azores 616:Naples 361:, the 325:-class 320:was a 252:Length 232:2,880 218:-class 188:Azores 152:Status 4206:Dumbo 4165:Alvin 4018:K-129 3956:Dakar 3846:class 3837:class 3835:Skate 3819:Snook 3812:Shark 3791:Scamp 3145:(PDF) 3134:(PDF) 2872:–21. 2830:(PDF) 2819:(PDF) 2398:(PDF) 2302:(PDF) 2289:(PDF) 2069:Notes 1972:K-129 1938:Ka-25 1926:K-129 1883:K-129 1874:K-129 1856:K-129 1836:K-129 1817:Sargo 1807:Sargo 1787:Mk 37 1750:Books 1739:' 1708:Shark 1703:Shark 1601:K-129 1575:Both 1570:Haddo 1566:Haddo 1550:Haddo 1545:Haddo 1377:that 1367:sank 1173:' 1129:' 1106:' 998:' 975:' 850:Mizar 818:SOSUS 805:Mizar 797:' 650:' 643:freon 606:with 587:' 560:' 483:' 423:-era 405:' 372:K-129 358:Dakar 268:Draft 194:Badge 4335:1969 4322:1967 4299:K-27 4236:ARA 4163:DSV 4103:Traw 3676:USS 3643:ISBN 3624:ISBN 3611:here 3574:ISBN 3555:ISBN 3534:ISBN 3513:ISBN 3445:ISBN 3389:2008 3346:ISBN 3323:OCLC 3313:ISBN 3276:2022 3244:2022 3179:2019 3153:2013 3067:ISBN 3018:2008 2948:ISBN 2911:ISBN 2874:ISBN 2838:2018 2798:2019 2773:2014 2734:2023 2685:2023 2678:NHHC 2660:2014 2624:2017 2593:2017 2543:2019 2514:2019 2503:ISSN 2458:ISBN 2439:2014 2406:2021 2310:2019 2272:2019 2168:2008 2083:USS 2081:See 1841:Oahu 1805:USS 1701:USS 1692:Dace 1690:USS 1674:USS 1605:Echo 1599:and 1579:and 1290:and 1092:and 964:hull 960:sail 883:any 881:cite 493:and 461:NATO 435:was 314:USS 302:2 × 260:Beam 144:Fate 76:Name 44:USS 29:USS 2944:203 2373:124 1881:or 1585:KGB 894:by 501:at 411:in 4350:: 4241:, 3660:. 3488:. 3467:. 3417:20 3415:. 3373:. 3321:. 3278:. 3267:. 3255:^ 3246:. 3235:. 3223:^ 3170:. 3136:. 3113:. 3090:^ 3065:. 3004:. 2998:. 2946:. 2905:: 2901:. 2870:20 2821:. 2789:. 2762:. 2725:. 2693:^ 2676:. 2646:. 2632:^ 2610:. 2583:. 2579:. 2559:. 2534:. 2522:^ 2495:. 2484:^ 2423:. 2379:: 2375:. 2371:. 2365:. 2339:^ 2318:^ 2291:. 2258:. 2225:, 2221:. 2215:. 2200:^ 2185:^ 2154:. 2139:^ 1865:. 1847:. 1718:. 1390:. 1301:. 1274:. 856:. 785:. 614:, 475:. 375:. 3898:e 3891:t 3884:v 3761:e 3754:t 3747:v 3664:. 3651:. 3632:. 3613:. 3582:. 3563:. 3542:. 3521:. 3492:. 3453:. 3391:. 3354:. 3329:. 3295:. 3181:. 3155:. 3075:. 3020:. 2956:. 2919:. 2882:. 2840:. 2800:. 2775:. 2736:. 2687:. 2662:. 2626:. 2595:. 2545:. 2516:. 2466:. 2441:. 2408:. 2349:. 2334:. 2312:. 2274:. 2252:" 2229:. 2170:. 921:) 915:( 910:) 906:( 902:. 888:. 23:.

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USS Scorpion (SSN-589)

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