631:
100:
236:
precision but simplifies the typesetting burden and easing readability. For specialist audiences or those familiar with Slavic languages, a version without ligatures and diacritical marks is sometimes used. For broader audiences, a "modified
Library of Congress system" is employed for personal, organizational, and place names, omitting all ligatures and diacritics, ignoring the soft sign ь (ʹ), with initial Є- (
888:
persons are anglicized in the encyclopedia's text, but also presented in their original form in the index. Various geographic names are presented in their anglicized, Russian, or both
Ukrainian and Polish forms, and appear in several forms in the index. Scientific transliteration is used in linguistics articles. The Encyclopedia's explanation of its transliteration and naming convention occupies 2-1/2 pages.
526:. The ISO published editions of its "international system" for romanization of Cyrillic as recommendations (ISO/R 9) in 1954 and 1968, and standards (ISO 9) in 1986 and 1995. This was originally derived from scientific transliteration in 1954, and is meant to be usable by readers of most European languages. The 1968 edition also included an alternative system identical to the British Standard.
599:) held in New York 30 July and 10 August 2012 after a report by the State Agency of Land Resources of Ukraine (now known as Derzhheokadastr: Ukraine State Service of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre) experts approved the Ukrainian system of romanization. The BGN/PCGN jointly adopted the system in 2019.
5138:
Literary, historical, and social sciences texts adhere to the
Library of Congress conventions, without ligatures.... We preserve the spelling of ï. To indicate the soft sign we use a slanted prime ... We preserve the Ukrainian apostrophe as a single curly quotation mark.... Omit primes in place-names
692:– the Ukrainian markers replaced that later with the English transcription. However, the fact that Ukraine itself has started to use English transliteration on its documents and boards, also influences the practice in Czech and Slovak, which is also penetrated by English transliteration of Ukrainian.
510:
The
Derzhstandart 1995 system (invented by Maksym Vakulenko) is also mentioned in the DSTU 9112:2021 standard (approved in 2022) as the "B system"; the new standard also includes an "A system" with diacritical marks and some differences from ISO 9:1995: г=ğ, ґ=g, є=je, и=y, і=i, х=x, ь=j, ю=ju, я=ja.
565:
This is the official system of
Ukraine, also employed by the United Nations and many countries' foreign services. It is currently widely used to represent Ukrainian geographic names, which were almost exclusively romanized from Russian before Ukraine's independence in 1991, and for personal names in
529:
The 1995 edition supports most national
Cyrillic alphabets in a single transliteration table. It is a pure transliteration system, with each Cyrillic character represented by exactly one unique Latin character, making it reliably reversible, but sacrificing readability and adaptation to individual
887:
uses a modified
Library of Congress (ALA-LC) system as outlined above for Ukrainian and Russian names—with the exceptions for endings or doubled consonants applying variously to personal and geographic names. For technical reasons, maps in the Encyclopedia follow different conventions. Names of
235:
In addition to bibliographic cataloguing, simplified versions of the
Library of Congress system are widely used for romanization in the text of academic and general publications. For notes or bibliographical references, some publications use a version without ligatures, which offers sufficient
231:
were first discussed by the
American Library Association in 1885, and published in 1904 and 1908, including rules for romanizing Church Slavic, the pre-reform Russian alphabet, and Serbo-Croatian. Revised tables including Ukrainian were published in 1941, and remain in use virtually unchanged
143:
classified transliteration systems into scientific transliteration, used in academic and especially linguistic works, and practical systems, used in administration, journalism, in the postal system, in schools, etc. Scientific transliteration, also called the scholarly system, is used
421:
In addition to the "British" system, the standard also includes tables for the "International" system for
Cyrillic, corresponding to ISO/R 9:1968 (and ISO's recommendation reciprocally has an alternate system corresponding to BSI's). It also includes tables for romanization of Greek.
861:
Conventional transliterations can reflect the history of a person or place. Many well-known spellings are based on transcriptions into another Latin alphabet, such as the German or Polish. Others are transcribed from equivalent names in other languages, for example Ukrainian
761:, and can be used to compare different dialects of a language. Both methods can use the same sets of symbols, but linguists usually denote phonemic transcriptions by enclosing them in slashes / ... /, while phonetic transcriptions are enclosed in square brackets .
683:
Czech and Slovak standard transliteration uses letters with diacritics (ž, š, č, ď, ť, ň, ě) and letters i, y, j, h, ch, c in the local meaning. Diphthong letters are transcribed as two letters (ja, je, ji, ju, šč). Czech transliteration was used, for example, on
719:
For telegraph transmission. Each separate Ukrainian letter had a 1:1 equivalence to a Latin letter. Latin Q, W, V, and X are equivalent to Ukrainian Я (or sometimes Щ), В, Ж, Ь. Other letters are transcribed phonetically. This equivalency is used in building the
679:
for German readers (for letters й, х, ч, ш, щ), or it may be rendered in Latin letters according to the normal orthography of another Slavic language, such as Polish or Croatian (such as the established system of scientific transliteration, described above).
634:
Czech transliteration of Ukrainian (Peremyčka, Jasiňa, U Stěpana) in Transcarpathia on the hiking fingerposts installed in 2010. However, the transliteration is not fully consistent – "Ust Corna" instead of "Usť Čorna", "Bliznica" instead of "Blyznycja"
577:
Its first version was codified in Decision No. 9 of the Ukrainian Committee on Issues of Legal Terminology on April 19, 1996, stating that the system is binding for the transliteration of Ukrainian names in English in legislative and official acts.
371:
Similar principles were systematically described for Russian by J. Thomas Shaw in 1969, and since widely adopted. Their application for Ukrainian and multilingual text were described in the 1984 English translation of Kubiiovych's
484:
592:, January 27, 2010. This modified earlier laws and brought together a unified system for official documents, publication of cartographic works, signs and indicators of inhabited localities, streets, stops, subway stations, etc.
785:. Such transcriptions are also used for the surnames of people of Ukrainian ancestry in English-speaking countries (personal names have often been translated to equivalent or similar English names, e.g., "Alexander" for
147:
Depending on the purpose of the transliteration it may be necessary to be able to reconstruct the original text, or it may be preferable to have a transliteration which sounds like the original language when read aloud.
439:
and Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use. Pronunciation is intuitive for English-speakers. For Ukrainian, the former BGN/PCGN system was adopted in 1965, but superseded there by the
418:, is used by the Oxford University Press. A variation is used by the British Museum and British Library, but since 1975 their new acquisitions have been catalogued using Library of Congress transliteration.
188:(PI), and widely used in bibliographic cataloguing in Central Europe and Scandinavia. With further modifications it was published by the International Organization for Standardization as recommendation
144:
internationally, with very little variation, while the various practical methods of transliteration are adapted to the orthographical conventions of other languages, like English, French, German, etc.
232:
according to the latest 2011 release. This system is used to represent bibliographic information by US and Canadian libraries, by the British Library since 1975, and in North American publications.
467:
are government standards bodies of the former Eurasian communist countries. They published a series of romanization systems for Ukrainian, which were replaced by ISO 9:1995. For details, see
177:
system, is most often seen in linguistic publications on Slavic languages. It is purely phonemic, meaning each character represents one meaningful unit of sound, and is based on the
507:, in which "Ukrainian will soon, along with other European languages, take its rightful place in multilingual natural language processing scenarios, including machine translation."
5445:
704:
sometimes improvise informal romanization due to limitations in keyboard or character set. These may include both sound-alike and look-alike letter substitutions. Example:
181:. Different variations are appropriate to represent the phonology of historical Old Ukrainian (mid 11th–14th centuries) and Middle Ukrainian (15th–18th centuries).
5099:
557:
Representing all of the necessary diacritics on computers requires Unicode, and a few characters are rarely present in computer fonts, for example g-grave: g̀.
5964:(Foreign transliterations of Ukrainian names: The international, English, French, German, Spanish and Portuguese), Augsburg: Iнститут родо- й знаменознавства.
5570:
574:
characters with no diacritics. It can be considered a variant of the "modified Library of Congress system", but does not simplify the -ий and -ій endings.
5283:. Vol. I (From prehistory to the eleventh century). Translated by Anonymous. Edmonton, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. xv.
31:
4735:
National (1996) system: transliteration can be rendered in a simplified form. Doubled consonants ж, х, ц, ч, ш are simplified, for example Запоріжжя =
17:
6017:
4957:
6054:
A collection of writing systems and transliteration tables, by Thomas T. Pedersen. PDF reference charts for many languages' transliteration systems.
496:
492:
5582:
639:
Romanization intended for readers of other languages than English is usually transcribed phonetically into the familiar orthography. For example,
68:
for non-Ukrainian readers, on computer systems that cannot reproduce Cyrillic characters, or for typists who are not familiar with the Ukrainian
523:
115:(1645). Columns show the letter names printed, in manuscript Cyrillic and Latin, common Cyrillic letterforms, and the Latin transliteration. (
5653:. scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia.
3745:
Scientific transliteration: Where two transliterations appear, the first is according to the traditional system, and the second according to
6434:
5566:
6237:
6038:
5712:
800:, or Library of Congress (in North America), or, less commonly, the British Standard system. Such a simplified system usually omits
5645:
5128:
6232:
5967:
5466:
436:
6138:
4921:
781:
In many contexts, it is common to use a modified system of transliteration that strives to be read and pronounced naturally by
157:
5939:
5109:
479:
On 1 April 2022, the "Cyrillic-Latin transliteration and Latin-Cyrillic retransliteration of Ukrainian texts. Writing rules" (
5658:
5288:
5228:
5164:
588:
An updated 2010 version became the system used for transliterating all proper names and was approved as Resolution 55 of the
6505:
5620:"Guidance on the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN)/Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) romanization systems"
2169:
ALA-LC: When applied strictly, ALA-LC requires the use of the ligature (U+0361), but in practice these are often omitted.
5993:— multistandard bidirectional online transliteration (BGN/PCGN, scholarly, national, ISO 9, ALA-LC, etc.) (in Ukrainian)
5962:Чужомовні транслітерації українських назв: Iнтернаціональна, англійська, французька, німецька, еспанська й португальська
5510:"Official Ukrainian-English transliteration system adopted by the Ukrainian Legal Terminology Commission (in English)"
6539:
6510:
5931:
5824:
5791:
5737:
5357:
5096:
5348:
Kuhut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2005). "Note on Transliteration, Terminology, and Dates".
6427:
2367:
897:
6371:
5888:
5554:
770:
589:
6544:
883:
The employment of romanization systems can become complex. For example, the English translation of Kubijovyč's
602:
Official geographic names are romanized directly from the original Ukrainian and not translated. For example,
5947:
5509:
120:
116:
6098:
5097:
Searching for Cyrillic items in the catalogues of the British Library: guidelines and transliteration tables
6014:
4954:
6420:
5220:
5156:
742:
685:
480:
77:
595:
It has been adopted internationally. The 27th session of the UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names (
6366:
6356:
6351:
6311:
6269:
6249:
6131:
5488:"Cyrillic-Latin transliteration and Latin-Cyrillic retransliteration of Ukrainian texts. Writing rules"
4896:
4881:
5819:. Historical Phonology of the Slavic Languages. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter. p. 21.
5487:
858:
is translated with an apostrophe, even when the apostrophe is dropped for most other names and words.
403:
Requires Unicode for connecting diacritics, but only plain ASCII characters for a simplified version.
380:
6346:
6341:
6254:
6176:
4926:
4886:
753:, or meaningful sounds of a language, and is useful to describe the general pronunciation of a word.
5884:
5686:
5644:
Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.).
630:
6321:
6296:
6244:
6207:
6104:
6033:
module covering a variety of writing systems. Transliteration according to several standards (e.g.
4911:
933:
84:
5619:
5028:. Chicago, IL: American Library Association and the (British) Library Association. pp. 65–73.
6361:
6279:
6274:
6227:
6222:
6212:
4901:
491:
standard and was developed by the Technical Committee 144 "Information and Documentation" of the
374:
178:
6457:
6381:
6331:
6306:
6264:
6202:
5334:
5212:
6534:
6396:
6326:
6301:
6217:
6166:
6124:
4891:
3605:
701:
431:
88:
6093:
6386:
5725:
4876:
464:
6066:
6027:
8:
6479:
6401:
6336:
6316:
6161:
5268:
5021:
4999:
4871:
4846:
3527:
797:
733:
618:
567:
5906:
581:
A new official system was introduced for transliteration of Ukrainian personal names in
6484:
6462:
6443:
5957:
5954:, Part Five, Edmonton–Ostroh: Shevchenko Scientific Society in Canada, pp. 478–84.
5674:
5322:
4906:
4851:
851:
737:
689:
582:
361:
313:
140:
104:
83:
In contrast to romanization, there have been several historical proposals for a native
53:
45:
388:
in several works. However, the details of usage vary, for example, the authors of the
6474:
6467:
6181:
6075:, under the United Nations Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names.
5927:
5864:
5820:
5787:
5733:
5654:
5424:
5353:
5294:
5284:
5234:
5224:
5178:
5170:
5160:
758:
5984:
211:
encoding. Other Slavic based romanizations occasionally seen are those based on the
6259:
5919:
5868:
5838:
5699:
5428:
5381:
5310:
5250:
5194:
5106:
4982:
4916:
3709:
3580:
847:
782:
192:
in 1954, revised in 1968, and again as an international standard in 1986 and 1995.
6055:
2111:. Accents and diacritics may be omitted when back-transliteration is not required.
6110:
6021:
5952:Західньоканадський збірник — Collected Papers on Ukrainian Life in Western Canada
5830:
5812:
5536:
5302:
5242:
5186:
5113:
5103:
4974:
4961:
4856:
2284:
Ukrainian National system: The second variant is used at the beginning of a word.
216:
212:
132:
73:
69:
57:
6197:
6063:—transliteration systems used for national Ukrainian domain names (in Ukrainian)
5550:
846:
at the beginnings of words. It may also simplify doubled letters. Unlike in the
6376:
6289:
5786:. Språkrådets skrifter; 22 (4th ed.). Stockholm: Liber. pp. 252–254.
4866:
3630:
547:
500:
136:
49:
5182:
6528:
6171:
6085:
5856:
5416:
5272:
5069:
4861:
2178:
Modified Library of Congress: used for personal and place names. Initial Є‑ (
688:
in Transcarpathia, which was established according to the methodology of the
539:
468:
412:
British Standard 2979:1958 "Transliteration of Cyrillic and Greek Characters"
385:
184:
A variation was codified in the 1898 Prussian Instructions for libraries, or
108:
65:
5872:
5842:
5834:
5700:
Transliterace ukrajinské cyrilice (Transliteration of the Ukrainian Cyrillic
5432:
5385:
5314:
5306:
5254:
5198:
5190:
4986:
2140:
may be romanized with midpoints to differentiate them from the digraphs ж =
280:, and sometimes with common first names anglicized, for example, Олександр (
6147:
5246:
3746:
746:
61:
6008:
5595:
5537:Рішення Української Комісії з питань правничої термінології (in Ukrainian)
444:
in 2019. A modified version is also mentioned in the Oxford Style Manual.
6090:
ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts
5950:' (Brief Overview of Transliteration Systems from Ukrainian to English),
5276:
608:
6024:—history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets
5569:, paper presented on East Central and South-East Europe Division of the
5403:(2003), "Slavonic Languages", s 11.41.2, p 350. Oxford University Press.
773:
precisely represents pronunciation. It requires a special Unicode font.
6391:
5996:
5153:
The transliteration of modern Russian for English-language publications
3502:
3477:
855:
834:
488:
99:
6412:
6078:
5948:Короткий огляд систем транслітерації з української на англійську мову
5377:
825:
801:
415:
5647:
Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use
447:
Requires only ASCII characters if optional separators are not used.
5643:
754:
535:
531:
384:, and other sources have referred to these, for example, historian
195:
Representing all of the necessary diacritics on computers requires
5513:
5490:. State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine. 29 March 2022
5136:. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Publications Office. 2019.
6051:
5211:
3683:
3552:
750:
504:
460:
208:
204:
200:
196:
189:
5298:
5238:
5174:
5002:(1885). "Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee, 1885".
625:
30:
For the romanization of Ukrainian on the English Knowledge, see
6116:
6069:
affecting transliteration of names passports (2007) (Ukrainian)
6005:—online Ukrainian transliteration service (non-standard system)
5861:
The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization
5421:
The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization
4739:. Apostrophe and soft sign are omitted, but always render ьо =
721:
596:
450:
6060:
5732:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. xxxii–xxxiv.
135:
is the letter-for-letter representation of text using another
6034:
5374:
BS 2979:1958 Transliteration of Cyrillic and Greek Characters
5058:. Chicago, IL: American Library Association. pp. 335–36.
571:
519:
776:
27:
Representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin letters
6107:, based on both International Linguistic and ALA-LC systems
6030:
3655:
3421:
872:
456:
6072:
6002:
5972:
Romanization Systems and Roman-Script Spelling Conventions
5024:(1908). "Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee".
2222:. Familiar names may be anglicized, for example, Михайло (
1359:
796:
Typically such a modified transliteration is based on the
6111:
Ukrainian language in the International Phonetic Alphabet
5990:
3449:
3393:
2064:
2032:
441:
6105:
Cyrillic Transliteration Table (Ukrainian and Russian)
5396:
5394:
5043:(master's dissertation). Ottawa: University of Ottawa.
2387:
2160:. Superseded by the Ukrainian National system in 2020.
5585:
prepared for the UNGEGN session by Ukrainian Experts.
5571:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
5347:
4783:
Word-initially, after vowels or after the apostrophe.
824:
word endings to "-y", omits romanizing the Ukrainian
708:
for "УКРАЇНСЬКА АВТОРКА". See also Volapuk encoding.
560:
499:, it could be used in future cooperation between the
5907:
A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries
5467:"Romanization of Ukrainian: BGN/PCGN 2019 Agreement"
5446:"Romanization of Ukrainian: BGN/PCGN 2019 Agreement"
219:, which include symbols for palatalized consonants.
5391:
4964:
on the website of the University of Arizona Library
3760:
Ukrainian official systems for romanizing Ukrainian
2380:
103:Part of a table of letters of the alphabet for the
32:
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Romanization of Ukrainian
5546:
5544:
5271:. "Editorial Preface". In with the assistance of;
5215:; Danylo Husar Struk (eds.). "Explanatory Notes".
4726:The second transliteration is used word-initially.
5092:
5090:
891:
866:("Paul") may be called by the Russian equivalent
493:State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine
6526:
5855:
5817:A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language
5415:
5352:. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press. pp. xi.
5267:
5107:https://www.bl.uk/help/search-for-cyrillic-items
4979:A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language
757:transcription represents every single sound, or
6099:BGN/PCGN 1965 Romanization System for Ukrainian
5943:, masters thesis, Ottawa: University of Ottawa.
5910:, Chicago: American Library Association, p 246.
5811:
5541:
2247:Ukrainian National system: also “BGN/PCGN 2019”
542:) is always represented by the transliteration
64:may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or
5926:, pp. 700, 702, Oxford University Press.
5150:
5087:
5056:A.L.A. Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries
2370:International systems for romanizing Ukrainian
2103:British Standard: The character sequence тс =
711:This system uses the available character set.
524:International Organization for Standardization
6428:
6132:
5756:(22nd ed.). Mannheim: Dudenverlag. 2000.
626:Romanization for other languages than English
378:and in the 1997 translation of Hrushevskyi's
222:
151:
6011:—online transliterator (non-standard system)
5217:Encyclopedia of Ukraine (Toronto, 1984–2001)
2308:
2306:
2120:BGN/PCGN 1965: The character sequences зг =
749:, or phonemic, transcription represents the
451:GOST (1971, 1983)/Derzhstandart (1995, 2021)
347:Without ligatures or diacritics
4973:
850:where an apostrophe is punctuation, in the
714:
700:Users of public-access computers or mobile
396:, "thus Khvyliovy, not Khvylovy, as in the
52:. Ukrainian is natively written in its own
6435:
6421:
6139:
6125:
6045:
5702:, Library of the Czech Academy of Sciences
4763:
4761:
4759:
4722:
4720:
3739:
2343:
2341:
2172:
745:is the representation of the spoken word.
5987:by the State Migration Service of Ukraine
5724:
5053:
4821:, and to distinguish the combination ьа (
4718:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
2303:
777:Conventional romanization of proper names
435:is a series of standards approved by the
358:Modified Library of Congress
6088:Scanned text of the 1997 edition of the
5970:, Foreign Names Committee Staff (1994).
5916:, London: British Standards Institution.
5781:
4777:
2287:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
629:
392:render the soft sign ь before о with an
98:
6515:Ukrainian Language and Information Fund
5766:
5730:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopædia, Vol. 1
5026:Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries
4786:
4756:
2338:
2241:
900:Common systems for romanizing Ukrainian
437:United States Board on Geographic Names
94:
14:
6527:
6442:
5038:
5020:
4998:
4922:Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic
4697:
2250:
2163:
695:
91:, but none have been widely accepted.
6416:
6120:
6073:Working Group on Romanization Systems
5940:Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets
5807:
5805:
5803:
5532:
5530:
5411:
5409:
5123:
5121:
5041:Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets
4679:
4677:
2271:
804:and ligatures (tie-bars) from, e.g.,
6155:By publisher (for several languages)
6052:Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts
4795:
2260:is used in the romanization of зг =
854:it is a letter. Therefore sometimes
487:. The standard is based on modified
322:standalone bibliography
6009:Ukrainian-Latin and Latin-Ukrainian
5922:, and William Bright, eds. (1996).
5769:Dictionnaire de la langue française
5275:; Anonymous; Anonymous; Anonymous;
4770:is used at the beginning of words,
4686:is used in the romanization of зг (
2296:is used at the beginning of words,
2114:
659:for anglophones may be transcribed
406:
24:
5991:Standard Ukrainian Transliteration
5800:
5527:
5406:
5118:
4801:Apostrophe is used before iotated
4674:
2097:
561:Ukrainian National transliteration
127:
72:. Methods of romanization include
25:
18:Ukrainian National transliteration
6556:
6511:Potebnia Institute of Linguistics
5999:—online Ukrainian transliteration
5978:
5914:British Standard 2979 : 1958
538:differences. So, for example, г (
474:
87:, usually based on those used by
6146:
5350:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine
5054:Gjelsness, Rudolph, ed. (1941).
727:
522:is a series of systems from the
390:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine
80:(representing the spoken word).
76:(representing written text) and
6506:Institute of Ukrainian Language
5889:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
5878:
5849:
5775:
5760:
5746:
5718:
5705:
5693:
5637:
5612:
5588:
5575:
5560:
5555:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
5502:
5480:
5459:
5438:
5366:
5341:
5261:
5205:
5144:
4729:
2156:, and the letter sequence тш =
885:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopædia
771:International Phonetic Alphabet
590:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
44:, is the representation of the
5968:U.S. Board on Geographic Names
5567:Romanization system in Ukraine
5219:. Vol. I (A-F). Toronto:
5062:
5047:
5032:
5014:
4992:
4967:
4948:
4939:
4690:), avoiding confusion with ж (
2264:, avoiding confusion with ж =
892:Tables of romanization systems
13:
1:
6191:By language or writing system
5898:
5596:"UNGEGN WGRS. Resolution X/9"
4829:), for example, Волиньавто =
2107:, to distinguish it from ц =
530:languages. It considers only
5070:"ALA-LC Romanization Tables"
4825:) in compound words from я (
381:History of Ukraine-Rusʹ
7:
5924:The World's Writing Systems
5782:Karlsson, Ola, ed. (2017).
5767:Girodet, Jean, ed. (1976).
5474:GNS Geographic Names Server
5221:University of Toronto Press
5157:Modern Language Association
5130:Brief Submission Guidelines
4840:
2256:Ukrainian National system:
425:
10:
6561:
6086:ALA-LC Romanization Tables
4897:Romanization of Macedonian
4882:Romanization of Belarusian
4774:is used in other positions
2300:is used in other positions
2026:
876:by the Russian equivalent
731:
566:passports. It is based on
540:Ukrainian He or Russian Ge
268:, surnames' terminal -ий (
229:ALA-LC Romanization Tables
223:Library of Congress system
158:Scientific transliteration
152:Scientific transliteration
29:
6498:
6450:
6190:
6154:
5997:Ukrainian Transliteration
5904:Clara Beetle ed. (1949),
5771:. Paris: Éditions Bordas.
5715:, Treking.cz, 8. 12. 2011
5713:Jak psát ukrajinské názvy
4927:Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
4887:Romanization of Bulgarian
3387:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2375:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
485:State Standard of Ukraine
442:Ukrainian National System
333:Footnote or bibliography
42:Latinization of Ukrainian
38:romanization of Ukrainian
6540:Romanization of Cyrillic
4955:Transliteration Timeline
4932:
4912:Ukrainian Latin alphabet
2324:to avoid confusion with
934:Swedish Language Council
715:Ukrainian telegraph code
514:
276:) endings simplified to
186:Preußische Instruktionen
85:Ukrainian Latin alphabet
56:, which is based on the
6499:Regulatory institutions
6046:Transliteration systems
6015:Transliteration history
5985:English Transliteration
5958:Rudnyc'kyj, Jaroslav B.
5281:History of Ukraine-Rusʹ
5151:J. Thomas Shaw (1979).
5074:The Library of Congress
4902:Romanization of Russian
2210:. Surname endings ‑ий (
702:text messaging services
614:Pivnichnokrymskyi kanal
398:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
375:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
328:I͡Aroslav Rudnyt͡sʹkyĭ
307:Original Cyrillic text
179:Croatian Latin alphabet
5946:Maryniak, K. (2008), '
2359:to avoid double ⟨jj⟩.
918:LC without diacritics
838:), and may substitute
636:
463:'s SEV, and Ukraine's
355:Names in general text
124:
113:Hrammatyka Slovenskaja
6545:Ukrainian orthography
6061:Latin transliteration
4945:Rudnyckyj 1948, p. 1.
4892:Romanization of Greek
633:
432:BGN/PCGN romanization
339:Iaroslav Rudnytsʹkyĭ
102:
89:West Slavic languages
5726:Kubijovyč, Volodymyr
5269:Mykhailo Hrushevskyi
5022:Cutter, Charles Ammi
5000:Cutter, Charles Ammi
4877:Montenegrin alphabet
2218:) are simplified as
570:, and requires only
550:) is represented by
350:Iaroslav Rudnytskyi
95:Romanization systems
6113:(PDF, in Ukrainian)
6101:at geonames.nga.mil
5867:, pp. 260–62,
5784:Svenska skrivregler
5401:Oxford Style Manual
5213:Volodymyr Kubijovyč
5039:Gerych, G. (1965).
4872:Macedonian alphabet
4847:Belarusian alphabet
3775:Derzhstandart 1995
3762:
3388:Historical letters
2405:ISO 1968 Ukr. var.
2372:
2027:Historical letters
924:Ukrainian National
902:
816:, often simplifies
734:Ukrainian phonology
696:Ad hoc romanization
690:Czech Tourists Club
619:North Crimean Canal
583:Ukrainian passports
568:English orthography
548:Ukrainian letter Ge
495:. According to the
455:The Soviet Union's
6444:Ukrainian language
6020:2007-12-13 at the
6003:Ukrainian Translit
5937:G. Gerych (1965),
5557:, January 27, 2010
5333:has generic name (
5112:2020-07-12 at the
5102:2012-10-15 at the
4981:, p. 21, 40,
4960:2007-12-13 at the
4907:Ukrainian alphabet
4852:Cyrillic alphabets
3758:
2368:
2194:) are rendered as
930:French dictionary
927:German dictionary
898:
852:Ukrainian language
832:) and apostrophe (
738:Ukrainian alphabet
706:YKPAIHCbKA ABTOPKA
637:
483:) was approved as
362:Yaroslav Rudnytsky
336:Without ligatures
320:Library catalogue,
314:Ярослав Рудницький
161:, also called the
125:
105:Ruthenian language
54:Ukrainian alphabet
46:Ukrainian language
6522:
6521:
6410:
6409:
5920:Daniels, Peter T.
5863:, New York City:
5660:978-966-475-839-7
5551:Resolution no. 55
5423:, New York City:
5290:978-1-895571-19-6
5230:978-0-802-03362-8
5166:978-0-87352-086-7
5155:. New York City:
4792:After consonants.
4668:
4667:
3733:
3732:
2238:. Practices vary.
2091:
2090:
1351:ji, (formerly) ï
367:
366:
252:) represented by
16:(Redirected from
6552:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6414:
6413:
6141:
6134:
6127:
6118:
6117:
6067:Decision No. 858
6028:Lingua::Translit
5892:
5885:Decision no. 858
5882:
5876:
5875:
5857:Hans H. Wellisch
5853:
5847:
5846:
5809:
5798:
5797:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5722:
5716:
5711:Otakar Brandos:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5684:
5680:
5678:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5652:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5616:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5592:
5586:
5579:
5573:
5564:
5558:
5548:
5539:
5534:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5512:. Archived from
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5471:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5450:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5417:Hans H. Wellisch
5413:
5404:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5380:, 30 July 1958,
5370:
5364:
5363:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5332:
5328:
5326:
5318:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5135:
5125:
5116:
5094:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5018:
5012:
5011:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4971:
4965:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4917:Russian alphabet
4834:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4775:
4765:
4754:
4750:
4743:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4695:
4681:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3374:ʺ, ʼ
2396:Prussian Instr.
2389:
2382:
2373:
2360:
2345:
2336:
2310:
2301:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2269:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2118:
2112:
2101:
903:
848:English language
407:British Standard
293:
292:
21:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6494:
6446:
6441:
6411:
6406:
6186:
6150:
6145:
6079:Ukrainian (PDF)
6048:
6022:Wayback Machine
5981:
5901:
5896:
5895:
5891:, July 26, 2007
5883:
5879:
5854:
5850:
5827:
5813:George Shevelov
5810:
5801:
5794:
5780:
5776:
5765:
5761:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5740:
5723:
5719:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5682:
5681:
5672:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5629:
5627:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5604:
5602:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5580:
5576:
5565:
5561:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5519:
5517:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5427:, p. 262,
5414:
5407:
5399:
5392:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5346:
5342:
5330:
5329:
5320:
5319:
5291:
5266:
5262:
5231:
5210:
5206:
5167:
5149:
5145:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5114:Wayback Machine
5104:Wayback Machine
5095:
5088:
5079:
5077:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5052:
5048:
5037:
5033:
5019:
5015:
5004:Library Journal
4997:
4993:
4975:George Shevelov
4972:
4968:
4962:Wayback Machine
4953:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4857:Cyrillic script
4843:
4838:
4837:
4800:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4766:
4757:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4698:
4682:
4675:
3754:
3753:
3744:
3740:
2402:ISO 1968 basic
2364:
2363:
2346:
2339:
2311:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2272:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2119:
2115:
2102:
2098:
894:
779:
740:
730:
717:
698:
628:
563:
534:and disregards
517:
477:
453:
428:
409:
321:
225:
217:Polish alphabet
213:Slovak alphabet
154:
133:Transliteration
130:
128:Transliteration
97:
74:transliteration
70:keyboard layout
58:Cyrillic script
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6558:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6508:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6440:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6417:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6144:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6025:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5988:
5980:
5979:External links
5977:
5976:
5975:
5974:, p. 105.
5965:
5955:
5944:
5935:
5917:
5911:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5877:
5848:
5825:
5799:
5792:
5774:
5759:
5745:
5738:
5728:, ed. (1963).
5717:
5704:
5692:
5683:|website=
5659:
5636:
5611:
5587:
5574:
5559:
5540:
5526:
5501:
5479:
5458:
5437:
5405:
5390:
5365:
5358:
5340:
5331:|editor3=
5289:
5277:Frank E. Sysyn
5260:
5229:
5204:
5165:
5143:
5139:(except Rusʹ).
5117:
5086:
5061:
5046:
5031:
5013:
4991:
4966:
4947:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4867:Greek alphabet
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4794:
4785:
4776:
4755:
4728:
4696:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3787:National 2010
3785:
3784:Passport 2007
3782:
3781:Passport 2004
3779:
3778:National 1996
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3752:
3751:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
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3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
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3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3446:
3445:
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3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
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985:
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947:
944:
941:
937:
936:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:BGN/PCGN 1965
910:
907:
893:
890:
844:ia, ie, iu, io
840:ya, ye, yu, yo
789:, "Terry" for
778:
775:
767:
766:
729:
726:
716:
713:
697:
694:
627:
624:
604:Kyivska oblast
562:
559:
516:
513:
501:European Union
481:SSOU 9112:2021
476:
475:DSTU 9112:2021
473:
452:
449:
427:
424:
408:
405:
369:
368:
365:
364:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
345:
344:Academic text
341:
340:
337:
334:
330:
329:
326:
325:Strict ALA-LC
323:
317:
316:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
297:
224:
221:
153:
150:
137:writing system
129:
126:
96:
93:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6557:
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6128:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6094:Ukrainian PDF
6091:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6056:Ukrainian PDF
6053:
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6040:
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6023:
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5989:
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5969:
5966:
5963:
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5956:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5933:
5932:0-19-507993-0
5929:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5890:
5886:
5881:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5826:3-533-02786-4
5822:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5795:
5793:9789147111497
5789:
5785:
5778:
5770:
5763:
5755:
5749:
5741:
5739:0-8020-3105-6
5735:
5731:
5727:
5721:
5714:
5708:
5701:
5696:
5688:
5676:
5662:
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5649:
5648:
5640:
5625:
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5615:
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5584:
5578:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5545:
5538:
5533:
5531:
5516:on 2008-09-26
5515:
5511:
5505:
5489:
5483:
5475:
5468:
5462:
5454:
5447:
5441:
5434:
5430:
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5422:
5418:
5412:
5410:
5402:
5397:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5361:
5359:0-8108-5387-6
5355:
5351:
5344:
5336:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5273:Serhii Plokhy
5270:
5264:
5256:
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5236:
5232:
5226:
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5218:
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4888:
4885:
4883:
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4875:
4873:
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4865:
4863:
4862:Faux Cyrillic
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3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2237:
2233:
2230:, Олександр (
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2166:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
904:
901:
896:
895:
889:
886:
881:
879:
875:
874:
869:
865:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
774:
772:
764:
763:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:Transcription
739:
735:
728:Transcription
725:
723:
712:
709:
707:
703:
693:
691:
687:
681:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
632:
623:
621:
620:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
586:
584:
579:
575:
573:
569:
558:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
527:
525:
521:
512:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
470:
469:GOST 16876-71
466:
465:Derzhstandart
462:
458:
448:
445:
443:
438:
434:
433:
423:
419:
417:
413:
404:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:Serhii Plokhy
383:
382:
377:
376:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
343:
342:
338:
335:
332:
331:
327:
324:
319:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
305:
301:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
289:
287:
284:) written as
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
233:
230:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:international
168:
164:
160:
159:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
122:
118:
114:
110:
109:Ivan Uzhevych
106:
101:
92:
90:
86:
81:
79:
78:transcription
75:
71:
67:
66:pronunciation
63:
59:
55:
51:
50:Latin letters
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
6535:Romanization
6490:Romanization
6489:
6284:
6238:in Singapore
6148:Romanization
6089:
5971:
5961:
5951:
5938:
5923:
5913:
5905:
5880:
5860:
5851:
5816:
5783:
5777:
5768:
5762:
5753:
5748:
5729:
5720:
5707:
5695:
5664:. Retrieved
5646:
5639:
5628:. Retrieved
5626:. 2020-04-24
5623:
5614:
5603:. Retrieved
5599:
5590:
5577:
5562:
5518:. Retrieved
5514:the original
5504:
5494:21 September
5492:. Retrieved
5482:
5473:
5461:
5452:
5440:
5420:
5400:
5373:
5368:
5349:
5343:
5280:
5263:
5216:
5207:
5152:
5146:
5137:
5129:
5078:. Retrieved
5073:
5064:
5055:
5049:
5040:
5034:
5025:
5016:
5007:
5003:
4994:
4978:
4969:
4950:
4941:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4797:
4788:
4779:
4771:
4767:
4747:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4691:
4687:
4683:
3759:
3747:ISO/R 9:1968
3741:
2386:Scientific (
2379:Scientific (
2369:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2038:
2001:
1906:
921:modified LC
899:
884:
882:
877:
871:
870:, Ukrainian
867:
863:
860:
843:
839:
833:
829:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
795:
790:
786:
780:
768:
747:Phonological
741:
718:
710:
705:
699:
686:hiking signs
682:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
638:
617:
613:
607:
603:
601:
594:
587:
580:
576:
564:
556:
551:
543:
528:
518:
509:
478:
454:
446:
430:
429:
420:
411:
410:
402:
397:
393:
389:
379:
373:
370:
296:Typical Use
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
228:
226:
194:
185:
183:
174:
170:
166:
162:
156:
155:
146:
131:
112:
82:
62:Romanization
41:
37:
35:
4831:Volynj'avto
2393:Scientific
2347:Used after
2312:Used after
2214:) and ‑ій (
2190:), and Я‑ (
2136:, and цг =
783:anglophones
609:Kyiv Oblast
272:) and -ій (
248:), and Я- (
6529:Categories
6402:Vietnamese
6270:Macedonian
6250:Belarusian
5899:References
5873:Q104231343
5843:Q105081119
5666:2020-10-06
5630:2020-09-08
5605:2020-10-22
5600:www.eki.ee
5520:2008-10-10
5433:Q104231343
5386:Q105693940
5315:Q104836760
5255:Q104635282
5199:Q104518479
5183:1068026551
5080:2020-10-22
5010:: 302–309.
4987:Q104552122
4737:Zaporizhia
3772:GOST 1986
3769:GOST 1971
1992:ja, ia, a
1960:ju, iu, u
802:diacritics
732:See also:
489:ISO 9:1995
299:Variation
167:linguistic
6480:Phonology
6347:Maldivian
6342:Malayalam
6317:Inuktitut
6285:Ukrainian
6255:Bulgarian
6233:in Taiwan
5835:22276820M
5685:ignored (
5675:cite book
5378:BSI Group
5323:cite book
5307:29539868M
5191:11116653M
4746:and ьї =
3766:Cyrillic
2408:ISO 1995
2399:ISO 1954
2376:Cyrillic
2236:Alexander
2232:Oleksandr
1769: ch
906:Cyrillic
826:soft sign
787:Oleksandr
585:in 2007.
532:graphemes
286:Alexander
282:Oleksandr
175:scholarly
141:Rudnyckyj
6485:Dialects
6463:Alphabet
6367:Sanskrit
6322:Japanese
6297:Georgian
6245:Cyrillic
6208:Armenian
6167:BGN/PCGN
6039:DIN 1460
6018:Archived
5960:(1948).
5869:Wikidata
5859:(1978),
5839:Wikidata
5815:(1979).
5583:document
5429:Wikidata
5419:(1978),
5382:Wikidata
5311:Wikidata
5299:00361329
5279:(eds.).
5251:Wikidata
5247:7873066M
5239:85142719
5195:Wikidata
5175:66-22858
5110:Archived
5100:Archived
4983:Wikidata
4958:Archived
4841:See also
4641:ia, ya-
4615:iu, yu-
3993:ie, ye-
3383:ʼ
3363:ʼ
3291:ʼ
3285:ʼ
2224:Mykhaĭlo
1905:ʼ
1673: t
1577: p
909:British
755:Phonetic
751:phonemes
536:phonemic
426:BGN/PCGN
302:Example
244:), Ю- (
163:academic
6475:Grammar
6468:Braille
6458:History
6451:Aspects
6377:Tibetan
6362:Persian
6352:Marathi
6280:Serbian
6275:Russian
6228:Chinese
6223:Burmese
6213:Bengali
6198:Amharic
5887:of the
5553:of the
4655:ʼ
4646:ʼ
4635:ia, ya-
4632:ia, ya-
4609:iu, yu-
4606:iu, yu-
4582:ʼ
4123:i, yi-
3987:ie, ye-
3984:ie, ye-
3412:ʺ
3409:ʺ
3377:ʺ
3300:ʹ
3294:ʹ
3288:ʹ
3282:ʼ
2228:Michael
2186:), Ю‑ (
2182:), Й‑ (
2132:, тс =
2128:, сг =
2124:, кг =
1997:ʼ
1983:ia, ya-
1951:iu, yu-
1948:iu, yu-
1912:ʼ
1891:schtsch
1182:ie, ye-
1179:ie, ye-
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724:table.
677:schtsch
505:Ukraine
461:COMECON
414:, from
240:), Й- (
215:or the
209:Latin-7
205:Latin-4
201:Latin-2
197:Unicode
190:ISO/R 9
107:, from
6397:Uyghur
6382:Telugu
6372:Syriac
6357:Nepali
6332:Korean
6307:Hebrew
6265:Kyrgyz
6260:Kazakh
6218:Berber
6203:Arabic
6162:ALA-LC
5930:
5871:
5841:
5833:
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5624:GOV.UK
5453:gov.uk
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4114:i, yi-
3891:h, gh
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2206:, and
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2148:, ш =
2144:, х =
2041:ʺ
2004:ʺ
1980:ia, ya
1918:ʹ
1915:ʹ
1909:ʹ
1342:i, yi-
798:ALA-LC
722:KOI8-U
597:UNGEGN
264:, and
121:part 3
117:Part 2
6327:Khmer
6312:Hindi
6302:Greek
6290:Uzbek
6035:ISO 9
5865:Wiley
5754:Duden
5651:(PDF)
5470:(PDF)
5449:(PDF)
5425:Wiley
5134:(PDF)
4933:Notes
4749:'
4742:'
4565:shch
4143:i, y-
4140:i, y-
4013:zh, j
3882:h, gh
1897:sjtj
1894:chtch
1635:s, ss
1376:i, y-
1373:i, y-
1054:h, gh
868:Pavel
864:Pavlo
791:Taras
759:phone
572:ASCII
546:; ґ (
520:ISO 9
515:ISO 9
207:, or
173:, or
40:, or
6392:Urdu
6387:Thai
6182:Yale
6172:GOST
6037:and
6031:Perl
5928:ISBN
5821:ISBN
5788:ISBN
5734:ISBN
5687:help
5655:ISBN
5581:The
5496:2022
5354:ISBN
5335:help
5295:LCCN
5285:ISBN
5235:LCCN
5225:ISBN
5179:OCLC
5171:LCCN
5161:ISBN
4562:shch
4559:shch
4169:k, c
3909:g, h
3885:h, g
3859:v, w
3334:Я я
3305:Ю ю
3276:Ь ь
3247:Щ щ
3218:Ш ш
3189:Ч ч
3160:Ц ц
3131:Х х
3102:Ф ф
3073:У у
3044:Т т
3015:С с
2986:Р р
2957:П п
2928:О о
2899:Н н
2870:М м
2841:Л л
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2758:Ї ї
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2700:И и
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2642:Ж ж
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2529:Ґ ґ
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2413:А а
2355:and
2332:and
2320:and
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2188:I͡U‑
2180:I͡E‑
2138:ts·h
1888:shch
1885:shch
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1876:shch
1873:shch
1827:tsch
878:Kiev
873:Kyiv
856:Rus'
842:for
820:and
769:The
736:and
669:tsch
657:shch
635:etc.
616:not
606:not
503:and
497:SSTL
457:GOST
250:I͡A-
246:I͡U-
238:I͡E-
227:The
119:and
36:The
6337:Lao
6177:ISO
4823:j'a
4688:zgh
4620:Я я
4594:Ю ю
4570:Ь ь
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4547:shh
4544:Щ щ
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4492:Ч ч
4487:ts
4466:Ц ц
4461:kh
4440:Х х
4414:Ф ф
4388:У у
4362:Т т
4336:С с
4310:Р р
4284:П п
4258:О о
4232:Н н
4206:М м
4180:Л л
4154:К к
4128:Й й
4102:Ї ї
4076:І i
4050:И и
4024:З з
4019:zh
3998:Ж ж
3972:Є є
3946:Е е
3920:Д д
3896:Ґ ґ
3870:Г г
3844:В в
3818:Б б
3792:А а
3710:Ѡ ѡ
3684:Ѵ ѵ
3663:th
3660:th
3656:Ѳ ѳ
3638:ps
3635:ps
3631:Ѱ ѱ
3613:ks
3610:ks
3606:Ѯ ѯ
3588:jǫ
3585:jǫ
3581:Ѭ ѭ
3571:ʺ̣
3553:Ѫ ѫ
3535:ję
3532:ję
3528:Ѩ ѩ
3503:Ѧ ѧ
3485:je
3482:je
3478:Ѥ ѥ
3450:Ѣ ѣ
3429:y̌
3422:Ы ы
3394:Ъ ъ
3352:ja
3349:ja
3346:ja
3343:ja
3337:ja
3323:ju
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3317:ju
3314:ju
3308:ju
3265:šč
3262:šč
3259:šč
3256:šč
3250:šč
3143:ch
2770:ji
2765:ji
2631:je
2628:je
2625:je
2622:je
2552:g̀
2388:MUk
2381:OUk
2262:zgh
2216:‑iĭ
2212:‑yĭ
2208:Ya‑
2204:Yu‑
2196:Ye‑
2158:tsh
2134:t·s
2130:s·h
2126:k·h
2122:z·h
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1965:Я я
1957:iou
1942:i͡u
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4521:sh
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4507:ch
4504:ch
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4458:kh
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4331:r
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