142:
typically runs less than 5% and 3%, respectively. Similarly, women, providing approximately 50% of the general population, typically comprise less than 20% of the technology and leadership positions in the major technology companies. When it comes to the engineering and computing workforce, which accounts for more than 80% of STEM jobs, women remain dramatically underrepresented, as documented in the
American Association of University Women's (AAUW) recent research report Solving the Equation: The Variables for Women's Success in Engineering and Computing (McBride & McBride, 2018). Women were underrepresented as external seminar program speakers and on decision-making committees for faculty promotions, institutional strategy, and graduate student appointment or recruitment. In addition, most institutions did not have policies that promote gender diversity on committees or to encourage women-friendly workplaces. (Beeler, et al., 2019). Women in STEM are more likely to be assigned jobs where there is less recognition compared to men. Surveys show that women spent more hours per week teaching and fewer hours conducting research than men. This meant women had little opportunity for promotions.
277:
33:
138:, who collectively formed 26% of the population, but accounted for only 10% of the science and engineering workers. This 2015 study found that women make up just 26% of the computing workforce and 12% of the engineering workforce; African American, Hispanic, and Native American women are especially underrepresented in these industries. (McBride & McBride, 2018).
150:
In Japan, the ratio of participation of women in the STEM field is very low. According to the survey in 2013, while almost all countries in OECD have about 20% to 40% of women researchers, Japan has 14.6%, which is a relatively low ratio. The ratio of women researchers is the lowest among countries
141:
Underrepresented groups in computing, a subset of the STEM fields, include
Hispanics, and African-Americans. In the United States in 2015, Hispanics were 15% of the population and African-Americans were 13%, but their representation in the workforces of major tech companies in technical positions
151:
in OECD in every area, including the industry, government, and universities, especially in the industrial areas, there are only 8.1% of women researchers. Although the ratio is slightly increasing, the speed of this increase is relatively low compared to the other countries.
164:
In Canada, the
Employment Equity Act labels four designated groups: Women, Aboriginal Peoples (now an obsolete term), Persons with Disabilities and Members of Visible Minorities (who are not Aboriginal, non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour).
92:
describes a subset of a population that holds a smaller percentage within a significant subgroup than the subset holds in the general population. Specific characteristics of an underrepresented group vary depending on the subgroup being considered.
390:
Beeler, W. H., Beeler, W. H., Jagsi, R., Solomon, S. L., Beeler, W. H., Jagsi, R., ... Solomon, S. L. (2019, September 6). Report cards show women still under-represented in STEM. Retrieved from
368:
290:
418:
The
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, Committee on Underrepresented Groups and the Expansion of the Science and Engineering Workforce Pipeline
199:
107:
397:
43:
313:
237:
127:
56:
75:
423:
Expanding
Underrepresented Minority Participation, America's Science and TEchnology Talent at the Crossroads 2011
179:
184:
46:
to contemporary underrepresentation of minority groups in scientific and mathematical industries in the US
398:
https://www.insightintodiversity.com/changing-the-culture-for-women-and-underrepresented-groups-in-stemm/
17:
189:
114:. In the United States, women made up 50% of the college-educated workers in 2010, but only 28% of the
276:
417:
403:
Nimmesgern, H. (2016, February 18). Why Are Women
Underrepresented in STEM Fields? Retrieved from
343:
404:
51:
391:
271:
less than 9% of the United
Kingdom's full-time and part-time professors in science are women
174:
8:
442:
317:
262:
254:
123:
266:
246:
427:
396:
McBride, L., & McBride, L. (2018, September 17). Lisa McBride. Retrieved from
131:
194:
436:
258:
214:
209:
204:
235:
Lambert, Froniga (2003). "News: The Royal
Society Rosalind Franklin Award".
250:
122:
workers. Other underrepresented groups in science and engineering included
422:
119:
111:
291:"Minorities, Women Still Underrepresented in STEM Fields, Study finds"
135:
115:
405:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/chem.201600035
154:
392:
https://www.statnews.com/2019/09/05/stem-report-cards-women-
200:
National Center for Women & Information
Technology
344:"理工系分野における女性活躍の推進を目的とした関係国の社会制度・人材育成等に関する比較・分析調査報告書"
367:Canada, Public Service Commission of (2008-06-19).
96:
108:science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
434:
428:Science and Engineering Indicators Report 2016
60:that contextualizes different points of view.
110:in the United States include women and some
155:Underrepresented groups in other countries
308:
306:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
234:
14:
435:
366:
303:
238:Notes and Records of the Royal Society
338:
336:
334:
26:
24:
228:
25:
454:
411:
331:
275:
101:
31:
97:Underrepresented groups in STEM
360:
283:
180:Computing Research Association
13:
1:
221:
314:"2015 Diversity Report Card"
185:Diversity in Library Science
7:
168:
106:Underrepresented groups in
10:
459:
369:"Employment Equity Groups"
190:Labor and Worklife Program
159:
145:
251:10.1098/rsnr.2003.0211
90:underrepresented group
54:by rewriting it in a
175:America COMPETES Act
124:African Americans
86:
85:
78:
40:This article may
16:(Redirected from
450:
383:
382:
380:
379:
364:
358:
357:
355:
354:
348:www.gender.go.jp
340:
329:
328:
326:
325:
316:. Archived from
310:
301:
300:
298:
297:
287:
281:
280:
279:
273:
232:
128:Native Americans
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
57:balanced fashion
35:
34:
27:
21:
458:
457:
453:
452:
451:
449:
448:
447:
433:
432:
414:
387:
386:
377:
375:
365:
361:
352:
350:
342:
341:
332:
323:
321:
312:
311:
304:
295:
293:
289:
288:
284:
274:
233:
229:
224:
171:
162:
157:
148:
132:Alaskan Natives
104:
99:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:help improve it
49:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
456:
446:
445:
431:
430:
425:
420:
413:
412:External links
410:
409:
408:
401:
394:
385:
384:
359:
330:
302:
282:
245:(2): 265–266.
226:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
212:
207:
202:
197:
195:Minority Group
192:
187:
182:
177:
170:
167:
161:
158:
156:
153:
147:
144:
103:
100:
98:
95:
84:
83:
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
455:
444:
441:
440:
438:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
406:
402:
399:
395:
393:
389:
388:
374:
373:www.canada.ca
370:
363:
349:
345:
339:
337:
335:
320:on 2016-05-04
319:
315:
309:
307:
292:
286:
278:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:
231:
227:
216:
215:Women in Data
213:
211:
210:Systemic bias
208:
206:
205:STEM pipeline
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
166:
152:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
102:United States
94:
91:
80:
77:
69:
59:
58:
53:
47:
45:
38:
29:
28:
19:
376:. Retrieved
372:
362:
351:. Retrieved
347:
322:. Retrieved
318:the original
294:. Retrieved
285:
270:
242:
236:
230:
163:
149:
140:
105:
89:
87:
72:
66:January 2018
63:
55:
44:undue weight
41:
120:engineering
18:Underserved
443:Demography
378:2024-08-31
353:2019-10-01
324:2016-03-29
296:2016-03-29
222:References
112:minorities
259:0035-9149
136:Hispanics
437:Category
267:71548543
169:See also
116:science
50:Please
265:
257:
160:Canada
134:, and
263:S2CID
146:Japan
42:lend
255:ISSN
217:(UK)
118:and
247:doi
88:An
439::
371:.
346:.
333:^
305:^
269:.
261:.
253:.
243:57
241:.
130:,
126:,
407:.
400:.
381:.
356:.
327:.
299:.
249::
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
48:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.