33:
848:
Novocherkassk and with status of a union republic in the proposed Union of
Sovereign States (SSG). There were established bodies of government power of the Union, created Ambassadorial stanitsa in Moscow, appointed Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the SKRYuR. The creation of Cossack "republics" was supported by the 2nd Great Circle of the Union of Cossacks of Southern Russia that took place on 7–10 November 1991 in Stavropol.
225:. 76% of voters supported maintaining the federal system of the Soviet Union, including a majority in all of the nine republics. Opposition was greatest in large cities like Leningrad and Moscow. As the other six republics were already moving towards independence, citizens mostly boycotted the referendum. An agreement between the Soviet central government and the nine republics, known as the
315:
also be given ownership of their natural resources, except gold and diamond resources, along with the right to establish direct diplomatic and trade relations with foreign states. The
Republics and the central government would jointly determine military and foreign policy and work out policies on economy, fuel, and energy resources.
258:). This would conserve the Russian "СССР" acronym, meaning "USSR" and "Soviet Union" in English and other languages. By September 1991, support for continuing the Soviet system had transitioned into reforming the Soviet Union into a confederation of sovereign states. The final draft renamed the proposed state as the
336:
in order to stop him from returning to Moscow to sign the treaty. The August Coup collapsed in the face of overwhelming opposition not only from the smaller republics but from larger ones, especially Russia. Because the treaty was ultimately not signed, even in the aftermath of
Ukrainian independence
314:
Division of Powers: The central government would handle issues of defence, foreign affairs, financial system, energy resources and overall coordination along with issuing its currency. The republics would determine their own national-state and administrative territorial structure. The republics would
232:
By August, eight of the nine republics, except
Ukraine, had approved the draft of the new Treaty with some conditions. Ukraine did not agree on the terms of the Treaty. In the republican referendum on 17 March, the majority of residents of Ukraine supported joining the Union only if Ukraine declared
847:
On 20 November 1991 at convened by the Union of
Cossacks of Southern Russia, the Great Cossack Circle of Southern Russia in the city of Novocherkassk, it was declared unification of those republics into the Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia (SKRYuR) with the capital in the city of
299:
Presidential
Council: The treaty proposed the creation of a Presidential Council that would consist of the leaders of the republics and the president of the Union. This council would be responsible for making important decisions and coordinating policies at federal
310:
Decentralization of Power: The treaty aimed to decentralize political power by granting greater autonomy to the
Republics giving them general guarantees about the right to control their own resources and legislate including the right to freely secede from the
287:
With the new Treaty of the Union
Gorbachev sought to keep the Union from splitting apart arguing that its dismantling would end only in bloodshed. The text of the Treaty contains an introduction of basic principles followed by 26 Articles:
306:
The legislative power of the Union would be exercised by the USSR Supreme Soviet, which consists of two chambers: the Soviet of the
Republics, elected by the population of the whole country, and the Soviet of the
229:, was finally signed in Novo-Ogaryovo on 23 April. The New Union Treaty would have converted the Soviet Union into a confederation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy, and military.
814:
292:
Union of
Sovereign States: The treaty proposed to set up a Union of Sovereign and Equal States based on democracy and rule-of-law as successor to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This new
185:
expressed the desire to raise their status and to be a party to the new Soviet treaty. Gorbachev tried to gain popular support for the proposal. On 17 March 1991, the nine republics (
146:
on 23 November 1990. A drafting committee started work on the text on 1 January 1991. Six of the fifteen Soviet republics, however, did not participate in the drafting of the treaty:
92:
181:
Agreement could not be reached on the distribution of power between the Union and the Republics and the proposal was not approved. As an additional restrictive element, some
139:
806:
365:
on 8 December 1991 by Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus marked the official dissolution of the Soviet Union, converting the Republics as independent states.
644:
468:
324:
Although the treaty was intended to save the union, hardliners feared that it would encourage some of the smaller republics to follow the lead of
581:
719:
379:
186:
667:
624:
546:
444:
17:
878:
918:
898:
849:
385:
190:
45:
303:
A Union Constitutional Court would be created to settle disputes over questions of the exercise of the powers of Union organs.
182:
41:
329:
104:
790:
517:
397:
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167:
903:
499:
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163:
628:
452:
403:
202:
571:
427:
415:
218:
210:
127:
115:
37:
110:
The preparation of this treaty was known as the Novo-Ogaryovo process (новоогаревский процесс), named after
349:, which never formally became a member, ended its participation in CIS statutory bodies in 2018 due to the
222:
913:
888:
763:
868:
476:
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was envisioned as a voluntary association of sovereign republics with a common federal government.
883:
835:
591:
744:
Beissinger (1991). "The Deconstruction of the USSR and the Search for a Post-Soviet Community".
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685:
566:
893:
368:
8:
586:
350:
171:
241:
In the August 1991 draft of the treaty, the proclaimed name for the new country was the
59: Supported the confederation, but moved towards independence after the August coup.
358:
850:
Cossack Separatism: Contemporary situation (КАЗАЧИЙ СЕПАРАТИЗМ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ)
786:
362:
354:
123:
576:
524:
807:"Ukraine Announces Plans To Quit CIS, Terminate Parts Of Russia Friendship Treaty"
32:
640:
460:
437:
275:). Following the August coup, the new union treaty was further reformed into the
114:, a governmental estate where the work on the document was carried out and where
477:
Republics, autonomous republics, and autonomous oblasts that rejected the treaty
862:
342:
111:
103:
signing the treaty was scheduled for 20 August 1991 but was prevented by the
100:
53: Supported the confederation (both before and after the August coup).
551:
556:
369:
Proposed member republics, autonomous republics, and autonomous oblasts
138:
A less centralized federal system was proposed by Gorbachev during the
325:
561:
346:
93:
Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
357:
was not a member until 1993 and withdrew in 2008 following the
293:
88:
65: Boycotted the confederation, demanding full independence.
525:
Former autonomous republics (ASSR) and autonomous oblasts (AO)
438:
Former autonomous republics (ASSR) and autonomous oblasts (AO)
27:
Proposed treaty on the reformation of the Soviet Union in 1991
333:
119:
96:
221:) which participated in the drafting of the treaty held a
852:. Scientific Society of Cossack Studies. 5 September 2013
337:
in December, the leaders of the republics organized the
836:
Georgia opts out of ex-Soviet military cooperation body
142:. A draft of the New Union Treaty was submitted to the
270:
253:
82:
341:, an alliance of 12 newly independent states. The
860:
582:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
481:
328:and press for full independence. On 18 August,
236:
433:Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia
330:the hardliners took control of the government
282:
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785:. New York: Doubleday. pp. 326–348.
780:
332:after confining Gorbachev in his Crimean
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31:
715:
713:
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709:
707:
705:
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547:History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)
14:
861:
774:
255:Soyuz Sovetskikh Suverennykh Respublik
46:Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
140:Communist Party Congress of July 1990
42:Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics
764:"Commonwealth of Independent States"
696:
247:Союз Советских Суверенных Республик
243:Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics
170:. The proposal was approved by the
24:
339:Commonwealth of Independent States
277:Commonwealth of Independent States
144:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
91:that would have replaced the 1922
25:
930:
799:
95:(USSR) to salvage and reform the
817:from the original on 8 July 2022
176:Supreme Soviets of each republic
879:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
841:
811:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
633:
617:
605:
572:Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)
829:
756:
737:
725:
678:
660:
13:
1:
919:Eurasian economic integration
899:Proposals in the Soviet Union
720:Draft of the New Union Treaty
653:
534:(former Nagorno-Karabakh AO)
482:Former Union republics (SSR)
319:
272:Soyuz Suverennykh Gosudarstv
7:
781:Gorbachev, Mikhail (1996).
668:"Union of Sovereign States"
539:
271:
254:
237:Names of the proposed state
174:on 6 March and sent to the
83:
10:
935:
904:Reform in the Soviet Union
838:Retrieved 1 December 2023.
734:Retrieved 1 December 2023.
722:Retrieved 8 November 2023.
455:(former South Ossetian AO)
264:Союз Суверенных Государств
233:itself a sovereign state.
133:
263:
260:Union of Sovereign States
246:
227:9 + 1 agreement
75:
48:in the New Union Treaty.
18:Union of Sovereign States
909:Soviet internal politics
874:1991 in the Soviet Union
598:
283:Key points of the Treaty
732:Nine plus One Agreement
592:Parade of sovereignties
520:(former Lithuanian SSR)
126:talked with leaders of
567:New political thinking
502:(former Moldavian SSR)
345:never joined the CIS.
84:Novyy soyuznyy dogovor
67:
746:Problems of Communism
508:(former Estonian SSR)
496:(former Georgian SSR)
490:(former Armenian SSR)
374:Union republics (SSR)
361:. The signing of the
76:Новый союзный договор
35:
514:(former Latvian SSR)
471:(Pridnestrovian SSR)
447:(former Abkhaz ASSR)
183:autonomous republics
99:. A ceremony of the
770:. 28 November 2021.
692:. 28 November 2021.
686:"Mikhail Gorbachev"
674:. 28 November 2021.
587:Revolutions of 1989
351:Russo-Ukrainian War
172:Soviet of the Union
36:Involvement of the
914:Proposed countries
388:(Byelorussian SSR)
359:Russo-Georgian War
223:popular referendum
122:General Secretary
68:
889:Mikhail Gorbachev
813:. 12 April 2018.
463:(Gagauz Republic)
363:Belovezha Accords
269:
252:
124:Mikhail Gorbachev
81:
16:(Redirected from
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869:1991 in politics
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613:Nagorno-Karabakh
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577:500 Days Program
532:Nagorno-Karabakh
400:(Azerbaijan SSR)
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268:romanized:
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251:romanized:
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116:Soviet President
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80:romanized:
79:
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72:New Union Treaty
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38:Soviet republics
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128:Union republics
107:a day earlier.
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884:1991 in Russia
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178:for approval.
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87:) was a draft
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629:South Ossetia
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424:(Turkmen SSR)
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112:Novo-Ogaryovo
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819:. Retrieved
810:
801:
782:
776:
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749:
745:
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680:
671:
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645:Transnistria
635:
619:
607:
530:
469:Transnistria
467:
459:
451:
443:
406:(Kazakh SSR)
323:
286:
259:
242:
240:
231:
226:
180:
137:
109:
101:Russian SFSR
71:
69:
29:
894:Perestroika
752:(6): 27–35.
552:Perestroika
430:(Uzbek SSR)
418:(Tajik SSR)
386:Byelorussia
207:Kyrgyzstan
191:Byelorussia
105:August Coup
863:Categories
768:Britannica
654:References
557:Uskoreniye
428:Uzbekistan
416:Tajikistan
404:Kazakhstan
398:Azerbaijan
262:(Russian:
245:(Russian:
219:Uzbekistan
211:Tajikistan
203:Kazakhstan
199:Azerbaijan
74:(Russian:
690:Biography
518:Lithuania
422:Turkmenia
410:Kirghizia
326:Lithuania
320:Aftermath
215:Turkmenia
168:Lithuania
815:Archived
641:Gagauzia
625:Abkhazia
562:Glasnost
540:See also
461:Gagauzia
445:Abkhazia
783:Memoirs
639:Except
623:Except
611:Except
506:Estonia
500:Moldova
494:Georgia
488:Armenia
392:Ukraine
355:Georgia
347:Ukraine
195:Ukraine
160:Estonia
156:Moldova
152:Georgia
148:Armenia
134:History
821:8 July
789:
512:Latvia
380:Russia
311:Union.
307:Union.
300:level.
294:polity
217:, and
187:Russia
164:Latvia
89:treaty
63:
57:
51:
44:, and
599:Notes
334:dacha
823:2022
787:ISBN
643:and
627:and
166:and
120:CPSU
118:and
97:USSR
70:The
865::
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750:40
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698:^
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