958:
1126:
686:
1555:
922:
1278:
1100:, and then the level reduced to about 150,000 per year until resuming to the 200,000 level beginning about 1980. In the mid-1990s to 2009, the levels rose to about 500,000 per year with considerable variation. In 1996, more than one million people became citizens through naturalization. In 1997, there were 1.41 million applications filed; in 2006, 1.38 million. The number of naturalized citizens in the United States rose from 6.5 million in the mid-1990s to 11 million in 2002. By 2003, the pool of immigrants eligible to become naturalized citizens was 8 million, and of these, 2.7 million lived in
597:. It is possible for a United States citizen to have dual citizenship; this can be achieved in various ways, such as by birth in the United States to a parent who is a citizen of a foreign country (or in certain circumstances the foreign nationality may be transmitted even by a grandparent) by birth in another country to a parent(s) who is/are a United States citizen/s, or by having parents who are citizens of different countries. Anyone who becomes a naturalized United States citizen is required to renounce any prior "allegiance" to other countries during the naturalization ceremony.
1155:
576:
349:
223:
1656:
994:
American democracy, such as freedom". One reviewer described the new citizenship test as "thoughtful". While some have criticized the new version of the test, officials counter that the new test is a "teachable moment" without making it conceptually more difficult, since the list of possible questions and answers, as before, will be publicly available. Six correct answers constitute a passing grade. The new test probes for signs that immigrants "understand and share
American values".
51:
1096:, "citizenship is a very, very valuable commodity". However, one study suggested legal residents eligible for citizenship, but who don't apply, tend to have low incomes (41%), do not speak English well (60%), or have low levels of education (25%). There is strong demand for citizenship based on the number of applications filed. From 1920 to 1940, the number of immigrants to the United States who became citizens numbered about 200,000 each year; there was a spike after
1670:
1596:, between five and six thousand relinquished citizenship each year in 2015 and 2016. United States nationality law treats people who performs potentially-expatriating acts with intent to give up United States citizenship as ceasing to be United States citizens from the moment of the act, but United States tax law since 2004 treats such individuals as though they remain United States citizens until they notify the State Department and apply for a
337:
1364:(on or after November 4, 1986) have United States citizenship at birth, as Congress has granted this status by law. People born in the Northern Mariana Islands before November 4, 1986, automatically gained U.S. citizenship on that date, but they could choose to give up U.S. citizenship and become non-citizen U.S. nationals within 6 months after the later of November 4, 1986, and the date they turned 18 years old.
854:'s long-standing interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment regardless of the citizenship or immigration status of their parents. The amendment states: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." There remains dispute as to who is "subject to the jurisdiction" of the United States at birth.
525:. There is no requirement to attend town meetings, belong to a political party, or vote in elections. However, a benefit of naturalization is the ability to "participate fully in the civic life of the country". Moreover, to be a citizen means to be vitally important to politics and not ignored. There is disagreement about whether popular lack of involvement in politics is helpful or harmful.
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5417:
5378:
4877:
4819:
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3926:
3768:
3595:
3491:
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2447:
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2184:
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citizenship for illegal immigrants. Many carried banners which read "We Have A Dream Too". One estimate is that there were 12 million illegal immigrants in the United States in 2006. Many
American high school students have citizenship issues. In 2008, it was estimated that there were 65,000 illegal immigrant students. The number was less clear for post-secondary education. A 1982
1426:. Census data affects state electoral clout; it also affects budgetary allocations. Including non-citizens in Census counts also shifts political power to states that have large numbers of non-citizens due to the fact that reapportionment of congressional seats is based on Census data, and including non-citizens in the census is mandated by the United States Constitution.
1067:, Section 322 was amended to extend also to children who generally reside outside the United States with a United States citizen parent, whether biological or adopted. The child must be in the legal and physical custody of the United States citizen parent, the child and parent must be lawfully present in the United States for the interview, and the child must take the
677: (1967) declared that a United States citizen did not lose his citizenship by voting in an election in a foreign country, or by acquiring foreign citizenship, if they did not intend to lose United States citizenship. United States citizens who have dual citizenship do not lose their United States citizenship unless they renounce it officially.
260:. United States citizens have the right to enter and leave the United States freely. Certain non-citizens, such as permanent residents, have similar rights. Unlike permanent residents, United States citizens do not have an obligation to maintain residence in the United States – they can leave for any length of time and return freely at any time.
1604:
Department official assesses whether the person acted voluntarily, intended to abandon all rights of United States citizenship, and understands the consequences of their actions. The State
Department strongly recommends that Americans intending to relinquish citizenship have another citizenship, but will permit Americans to make themselves
427:. While traveling abroad, if a person is arrested or detained by foreign authorities, the person can request to speak to somebody from the United States Embassy or Consulate. Consular officials can provide resources for Americans incarcerated abroad, such as a list of local attorneys who speak English. The
1450:, the foreign born represented 20.1% of the state's population of 8,754,560; of these, 636,000 were eighteen or older and hence eligible to vote; of eligible voters, 396,000 actually voted, which was about 62%. So foreign-born citizens vote in roughly the same proportion (62%) as native citizens (67%).
1049:
attempt to qualify more easily for United States citizenship ... But I think that service in the United States military has to be taken as a pretty serious commitment to the United States". By June 2003, twelve non-citizens had died while on active duty in the United States armed forces during the
897:
exist, and the relation is assumed to remain viable until death or until it is renounced or dissolved by some other legal process. Secondary schools ideally teach the basics of citizenship and create "informed and responsible citizens" who are "skilled in the arts of effective deliberation and action."
2805:
Lee Kuan Yew's offensive neo-authoritarianism ... is paternalistic, meritocratic, and decidedly undemocratic, has forged prosperity from abject poverty ... Doesn't liberation from filth and privation count as a human right? Jeffrey Sachs ... writes that 'good government' means relative
3996:
A set of flashcards designed to help applicants for United States citizenship learn basic civics has become one of the most popular items sold by the
Government Printing Office. But the US$ 8.50 flashcards — which contain questions and answers from the actual citizenship exam — won't help immigrants
3892:(USCIS) awarded the company a task order to conduct scanning, indexing and file management operations at a records digitization facility. The new agreement, which was signed during the company's fourth quarter fiscal year 2009, has a one-year performance period and a contract value of US$ 27 million.
1441:
of 1.1 million people who were granted citizenship from
September 1995 to September 1996 found 4,946 cases in which a criminal arrest should have disqualified an applicant or in which an applicant lied about his or her criminal history. Before the 2008 election, there was controversy about the speed
1048:
also become citizens more quickly. The option was not open to illegal immigrants. One analyst noted that "many immigrants, not yet citizens, have volunteered to serve in the United States military forces ... Some have been killed and others wounded ... Perhaps this can be seen as a cynical
622:
Under certain circumstances there are relevant distinctions between dual citizens who hold a "substantial contact" with a country, for example by holding a passport or by residing in the country for a certain period of time, and those who do not. For example, under the Heroes
Earnings Assistance and
4462:
The cost of becoming a United States citizen would more than double under a draft proposal by the
Clinton Administration, but the idea is drawing fire from advocates for immigrants. The Immigration and Naturalization Service has forwarded to the Justice Department a plan to raise a variety of fees,
2670:
Recipients of the award display exceptional accomplishments through professional achievements and leadership, civic participation, responsible citizenship, and demonstrate outstanding commitment to the United States while embodying the values and ideals that are inherent to this country, and within
1442:
of the USCIS in processing applications; one report suggested that the agency would complete 930,000 applications in time for the newly processed citizens to vote in the
November 2008 election. Foreign-born naturalized citizens tend to vote at the same rates as natives. For example, in the state of
896:
and cannot vote, stand for, or hold public office. Upon the person's eighteenth birthday, they are considered to be full citizens, although no official ceremony takes place and no correspondence between the government and the new citizen occurs to acknowledge the relation. Citizenship is assumed to
558:
see benefits to non-involvement; he wrote "the very indifference of most people allows for a calm and healthy political climate". Kaplan elaborated: "Apathy, after all, often means that the political situation is healthy enough to be ignored. The last thing
America needs is more voters—particularly
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Then there are malls, with their own rules and security forces, as opposed to public streets; private health clubs as opposed to public playgrounds; incorporated suburbs with strict zoning; and other mundane aspects of daily existence in which—perhaps without realizing it, because the changes have
1612:
is imposed on some individuals relinquishing citizenship, but payment of the tax is not a legal prerequisite for relinquishing citizenship; rather, the tax and its associated forms are due on the normal tax due date of the year following relinquishment of citizenship. State
Department officials do
1494:
Generally, eligibility for citizenship is denied for the millions of people living in the United States illegally, although from time to time, there have been amnesties. In 2006, there were mass protests numbering hundreds of thousands of people throughout the United States demanding United States
651:
upon giving up United States citizenship and have lived in the United States for less than ten years in their lives, or who are dual citizens by birth residing in their other country of citizenship at the time of giving up United States citizenship and have lived in the United States for less than
4200:
I participated today in a panel at the Hudson Institute on dual citizenship. The subject was Hudson's John Fonte's paper lamenting dual citizenship and urging penalties for United States citizens who have foreign citizenship and exercise that citizenship by voting or running for office in foreign
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of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which grants U.S. citizenship at birth to people born in the United States. Hence, people born in an unincorporated territory of the United States are U.S. citizens at birth only if Congress has passed a citizenship statute for that territory;
1071:
before the age of 18 years (for those 14 years or older). The application (Form N-600K) may only be submitted by the United States citizen parent, or by the grandparent or legal guardian within 5 years of the parent's death. In 2006, there were 4,000 applications of citizenship using the physical
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where United States forces are "stretched thin". One estimate was that in 2009 the US military had 29,000 foreign-born people currently serving who were not American citizens. In 2003, of 1.4 million service members, 37,000 active-duty members were not citizens, and of these, 20% had applied for
3564:
ABC News' Teddy Davis Reports: Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney backs an end to the policy known as chain migration but he has not yet reached a conclusion on the more controversial question of whether the United States should end birthright citizenship for children born in the United
2544:
It's been called 'the ultimate estate plan': moving to a desert island or other far-off locale to escape the clutches of the Internal Revenue Service. Indeed, hundreds of Americans do formally renounce their United States citizenship every year, many in order to protect their wealth from income,
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A citizen does not lose United States citizenship when they perform such acts like seeking office in a foreign state. However, the higher office and more important role a citizen holds in a foreign government, the more limited the exercise of consular rights of United States citizenship will be:
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reported that "Mr. Darnell discovered that a 10-year-old conviction for domestic violence involving a former girlfriend, even though it had been reduced to a misdemeanor and erased from his public record, made him ineligible to become a citizen — or even to continue living in the United States".
948:
measures, then the agency could face a "welcome but overwhelming surge of Americans-in-waiting" and longer processing times for citizenship applications. The USCIS has made efforts to digitize records. A USCIS website allowed applicants to estimate the length of time required to process specific
1107:
Naturalization fees were US$ 60 in 1989; US$ 90 in 1991; US$ 95 in 1994; US$ 225 in 1999; US$ 260 in 2002; US$ 320 in 2003; US$ 330 in 2005. In 2007 application fees were increased from US$ 330 to US$ 595 and an additional US$ 80 computerized fingerprinting fee was added. The biometrics fee was
993:
sold flashcards for US$ 8.50 to help test-takers prepare for the test. In 2006, the government replaced the former trivia test with a ten-question oral test designed to "shun simple historical facts about America that can be recounted in a few words, for more explanation about the principles of
940:. It offers web-based services. The agency depends on application fees for revenue; in 2009, with a struggling economy, applications were down sharply, and consequently there was much less revenue to upgrade and streamline services. There was speculation that if the administration of president
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Ellis had moved his Alexandria courtroom to Arlington National Cemetery to swear in immigrants from more than 30 countries as United States citizens, the first time a naturalization ceremony was held on the hallowed grounds in the cemetery's 144-year history. He wanted to impress upon the new
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can also allow immigrant residents to become citizens. The military has had a tradition of "filling out its ranks" with aliens living in the United States. The financial and social benefits of citizenship can motivate persons to participate in potentially hazardous activities such as military
5344:
Although the term "criminal aliens" has no precise definition, its broadening use reflects a trend in dealing with immigrants. With the post-9/11 creation of DHS and its two agencies — Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) — a wide sector of aliens
3815:
To gain American citizenship, immigrants must be able to answer such questions as: What was the 49th state added to our Union? What color are the stars on our flag? And who wrote the Star Spangled Banner? Sound trivial? The US government thinks so, and plans to roll out a new pilot test this
1603:
Renunciation requires an oath to be sworn before a State Department officer and thus involves in-person attendance at an embassy or consulate, but applicants for CLNs on the basis of other potentially-expatriating acts must attend an in-person interview as well. During the interview, a State
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criticized the crackdown against illegal immigrants since it "flooded the federal courts with nonviolent offenders, besieged poor communities, and dramatically increased the United States prison population, while doing little to solve the problem itself". Barry criticized the United States'
1289:
made a distinction between "citizenship" and "nationality" of the United States: all United States citizens are also United States nationals, but not all U.S. nationals are also U.S. citizens. Hence, it is possible for a person to be a national of the United States but not a U.S. citizen.
1221:
Sometimes, the government awarded non-citizen immigrants who died fighting for American forces with the posthumous title of United States citizen, but this is not considered honorary citizenship. In June 2003, Congress approved legislation to help families of fallen non-citizen soldiers.
789:
father, who had entered US territory before age 18 and lived in the United States for five years, to apply for United States citizenship for the first time. It also made the naturalization process quicker for American women's alien husbands. This law equalized expatriation, immigration,
1145:
in 2008. The judge who chose this venue explained: "I did it to honor our country's warriors and to give the new citizens a sense for what makes this country great". According to federal law, citizenship applicants who are also changing their names must appear before a federal judge.
1437:, in contrast, have exerted pressure to slow down the process. In 1997, there were efforts to strip the citizenship of 5,000 newly approved immigrants who, it was thought, had been "wrongly naturalized"; a legal effort to do this presented enormous challenges. An examination by the
4238:
A swelling number of Israelis are flying to the United States, armed with tattered United States high school diplomas and faded marriage certificates, to try to tap into an obscure clause in United States immigration law that enables some grandparents to pass citizenship to their
3854:
Reports this week that the United States citizenship agency was yet again struggling with a budget shortfall, and considering raising fees on the hopeful immigrants who are its main source of revenue, could have led any American to wonder what kind of beacon to the world we are
3139:
I want to summarize why I believe we are facing a real crisis. My reading showed me that there are 10 key steps that would-be despots always take when they are seeking to close down an open society or to crush a democracy movement, and we are seeing each of those in the US
413:
today, everyone except those whose income is derived from tax-exempt revenue (Subchapter N, Section 861 of the U.S. Tax Code) is required to file a federal income tax return. U.S. citizens are subject to federal income tax on worldwide income regardless of their country of
4979:
Happy Friday! Should the 2010 Census account for a person's citizenship status? At least two Republican lawmakers think so, arguing the forthcoming Congressional reapportionment should not be swayed by illegal immigrants, who whose numbers will give more seats to certain
1633:"Serving as a foreign head of state/government or foreign minister may affect the level of immunity from United States jurisdiction that a dual national may be afforded. All such cases should be referred to the Office of the Assistant Legal Adviser for Consular Affairs".
5215:
A native of Poland, she has resided in the United States unlawfully for most of her 21 years. Unless federal immigration laws change and allow undocumented students like her to become legal residents, she won't be able to put her degree to use and work as an American
3678:
But teachers are quick to say that it takes more to produce a good citizen than using their 50-minute slices of a student's day for a week or two before the election to talk about the Presidential race. And convincing students that their ballots count is only part of
1372:
United States citizenship grants more privileges and rights than non-citizen United States nationality. For example, while non-citizen U.S. nationals can reside and work in the United States without restrictions, both they and foreign nationals and citizens are
1116:
and former Immigration and Naturalization Service Commissioner, doubted that fee increases deter citizenship-seekers. In 2009, the number of immigrants applying for citizenship plunged 62%; reasons cited were the slowing economy and the cost of naturalization.
278:
bars states from restricting citizens from voting on grounds of race, color, previous condition of servitude, sex, failure to pay any tax, or age (for citizens who are at least eighteen years old). Historically, many states and local jurisdictions have allowed
4165:
An easy assumption to make is that the men and women serving in our armed forces are American citizens. But that is not always the case. When the war broke out, and casualties started to mount, it was discovered that some who died were still waiting to become
3109:
Is America still America if millions of us no longer know how democracy works? When I speak on college campuses, I find that students are either baffled by democracy's workings or that they don't see any point in engaging in the democratic process. Sometimes
5065:
Immigration officials said on Friday that they expected to complete about 930,000 citizenship applications in the fiscal year ending September 30, reducing a huge backlog in a time frame that would allow many new citizens to register to vote in the November
5615:
1465:
regarding citizenship are highly technical and often confusing, and the agency is forced to cope with enforcement within a complex regulatory milieu. There have been instances in which applicants for citizenship have been deported on technicalities. One
1254:, a competitor of Virgin America, asked for a review of the situation, suggesting that Virgin violated a provision of United States law requiring "foreign ownership in a United States air carrier limited to 25% of the voting interest in the carrier".
2635:
The number of legal immigrants seeking to become United States citizens is surging, officials say, prompted by imminent increases in fees to process naturalization applications, citizenship drives across the country and new feelings of insecurity among
1108:
increased to US$ 85 in 2010. On December 23, 2014, the application fees were increased again from US$ 595 to US$ 640. The high fees have been criticized as putting up one more wall to citizenship. Increases in fees for citizenship have drawn criticism.
364:
may be considered the "sole differential obligation" between non-citizens and citizens; the federal and state courts "uniformly exclude non-citizens from jury pools today, and with the exception of a few states in the past, this has always been the
1063:(INA), added in 1994, enabled children of a United States citizen who did not become citizens at birth, to use the physical presence period in the United States of a grandparent who was a citizen to qualify for United States citizenship. Under the
4330:
The number of immigrants applying to become United States citizens plunged 62% last year as the cost of naturalization rose and the economy soured, according to an analysis released Friday by the National Council of La Raza, a Latino advocacy
3920:
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is committed to offering the best possible service to you, our customer. With our focus on customer service, we offer you a variety of services both before and after you file your
703:
town hall meetings. Men met regularly to discuss local affairs and make decisions. These town meetings were described as the "earliest form of American democracy" which was vital since citizen participation in public affairs helped keep
4122:
Stretched thin in Afghanistan and Iraq, the American military will begin recruiting skilled immigrants who are living in this country with temporary visas, offering them the chance to become United States citizens in as little as six
957:
900:
Americans who live in foreign countries and become members of other governments have, in some instances, been stripped of citizenship, although there have been court cases where decisions regarding citizenship have been reversed.
888:
A child of unknown parentage found in the United States while under the age of five is considered a US citizen unless and until it is proven, before that child reaches the age of twenty-two, the child had not been born in the US.
5261:
1384:
if they want to become U.S. citizens. In order to be naturalized, non-citizen U.S. nationals must meet similar requirements to foreign nationals, meaning non-citizen nationals must pay a US$ 640 fee (as of May 29, 2023), pass a
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849:
in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction as citizens. All babies born in the United States—except those born to enemy aliens in wartime or the children of foreign diplomats—enjoy United States citizenship under the
4717:
2021) ("Such consideration properly falls under the purview of Congress, a point on which we fully agree with the concurrence. These circumstances advise against the extension of birthright citizenship to American Samoa. We
4941:
The battle over voting rights will expand this week as lawmakers in Missouri are expected to support a proposed constitutional amendment to enable election officials to require proof of citizenship from anyone registering to
1481:
Overworked federal examiners under pressure to make "quick decisions" as well as "weed out security risks" have been described as preferring "to err on the side of rejection". In 2000, 399,670 applications were denied (about
1397:
The United States passport issued to non-citizen nationals of the United States contains the endorsement code 9 which states: "The bearer is a United States national and not a United States citizen" on the annotations page.
3079:
A few years ago, in an influential book called Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam, a professor of public policy at Harvard, warned of the decline in civic engagement, the loss of social capital that keeps neighborhoods and towns
1377:, although there is no constitutional prohibition against their doing so. By statute law, most non-citizen U.S. nationals pass their U.S. nationality to children born outside the United States, similarly to U.S. citizens.
1104:. In 2003, the number of new citizens from naturalization was 463,204. In 2007, the number was 702,589. In 2007, 1.38 million people applied for citizenship creating a backlog. In 2008, applications decreased to 525,786.
437:. Several types of immigrant visas require that the person requesting the visa be directly related to a United States citizen. Having United States citizenship facilitates the granting of IR and F visas to family members.
1414:
advocated legislation requiring illegal immigrants to first leave the country before being eligible to apply as citizens. Some measures to require proof of citizenship upon registering to vote have met with controversy.
1039:
to eliminate the three-year waiting period and made service personnel immediately eligible for citizenship. In 2003, Congress voted to "cut the waiting period to become a citizen from three years down to one year" for
4911:
Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani sidestepped whether he supports giving illegal immigrants a path to citizenship without first requiring them to leave the country while campaigning Thursday in the Washington, D.C.
808:
United States citizenship is usually acquired by birth when a child is born within the territory of the United States. For the purposes of birthright citizenship, the territory of the United States consists of the 50
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I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or
1340:
upheld the government's position that American Samoa is not "in the United States" for purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment and thus American Samoans are nationals but not citizens at birth, A 2021 ruling by the
773:
decision it was noted that "In all of the naturalization acts from 1790 to 1906 the privilege of naturalization was confined to white persons (with the addition in 1870 of those of African nativity and descent)",
5623:
880:
Regardless of where they are born, children of United States citizens are United States citizens in most cases. Children born outside the United States with at least one United States citizen parent usually have
659:
United States citizens are required by federal law to identify themselves with a United States passport, not with any other foreign passport, when entering or leaving the United States. The Supreme Court case of
1393:
when they apply for citizenship, and they can count their legal residence and physical presence in unincorporated U.S. territories the same as presence in the U.S. proper toward the naturalization requirements.
443:. Perhaps the only quantifiable economic benefit of United States citizenship, citizens are not subject to additional withholding tax on income and capital gains derived from United States real estate under the
1573:
United States citizens can relinquish their citizenship, which involves abandoning the right to reside in the United States and all the other rights and responsibilities of citizenship. "Relinquishment" is the
980:
for five years (three if married to a United States citizen), be of "good moral character" (meaning no felony convictions), be of "sound mind" in the judgment of immigration officials, have a knowledge of the
1328:
is the only unincorporated territory of the United States where newborn infants become non-citizen U.S. nationals at birth. Although international law and Supreme Court dicta would regard persons born in a
5098:, examining voter registration by nativity, providing breakdowns for foreign-born citizens as a share of total state population, and detailing their turnout in the 2004 general election, and by ethnicity.
2350:
Note: A person is presumed to be a full citizen in the sense of having a duty to pay some types of taxes and serve on juries, upon reaching the age of majority. At present the age of majority is 18 years.
1521:. Undocumented immigrants who get arrested face difficulties in the courtroom as they have no constitutional right to challenge the outcome of their deportation hearings. In 2009, writer Tom Barry of the
453:. Generally, children born to two United States citizen parents abroad are automatically United States citizens at birth. When the parents are one United States citizen and one non-United States citizen,
128:, in which persons born within the territorial limits of the United States are presumed to be a citizen, or—providing certain other requirements are met—born abroad to a United States citizen parent, and
3245:
4528:
Privately held air carrier Virgin America asked the Department of Transportation on Thursday to deny Alaska Airlines' repeated challenges to its United States citizenship status and close the case.
2079:, wherein there is no statute granting birthright citizenship there nor does the Citizenship Clause apply within those islands due to those islands being unincorporated territories (except for the
712:
in 1835. A variety of forces changed this relation during the nation's history. Citizenship became less defined by participation in politics and more defined as a legal relation with accompanying
652:
ten out of the past fifteen years. Similarly, the United States considers holders of a foreign passport to have a substantial contact with the country that issued the passport, which may preclude
175:
to the other country. A United States citizen retains United States citizenship when becoming the citizen of another country, should that country's laws allow it. United States citizenship can be
2854:
1406:
The issue of citizenship naturalization is a highly contentious matter in United States politics, particularly regarding illegal immigrants. Candidates in the 2008 presidential election, such as
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Alexis de Tocqueville, in his classic work Democracy in America, argued that one reason the American democracy he surveyed was so sturdy was that citizens took an active part in public affairs.
6450:
3527:
1022:
was recruiting "skilled immigrants who are living in this country with temporary visas" by promising an opportunity to become citizens "in as little as six months" in exchange for service in
1474:, who applied for citizenship, and one Mr. Darnell from Canada who was married to an American with two children from this marriage, ran afoul of legal technicalities and faced deportation.
699:
Citizenship began in colonial times as an active relation between men working cooperatively to solve municipal problems and participating actively in democratic decision-making, such as in
171:
United States law permits multiple citizenship. Citizens of other countries who are naturalized as United States citizens may retain their previous citizenship, although they must renounce
1625:
Citizenship can be revoked under certain circumstances. For instance, if held that a naturalized person has concealed material evidence, willfully misrepresented themselves, or engaged in
5829:
309:
requires that legislators have been citizens for three years, and the Governor has been a citizen for five years, upon taking office. The United States Constitution requires that one be "
5834:
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5598:
6004:
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5036:
The Clinton Administration will seek to strip the citizenship of nearly 5,000 immigrants who were wrongly naturalized in an immigration drive last year, Federal officials said today.
327:. Many federal government jobs require applicants to have United States citizenship. United States citizens can apply for federal employment within a government agency or department.
6236:
1588:. "Renunciation" refers to two of those acts: swearing an oath of renunciation before a United States diplomatic or consular officer abroad, or before an official designated by the
1429:
There have been controversies based on speculation about which way newly naturalized citizens are likely to vote. Since immigrants from many countries have been presumed to vote
2467:
English: The Citizen's Almanac – Pub. M-76 (rev. 09/2014) – United States Citizenship and Immigration Services – Fundamental Documents, Symbols, and Anthems of the United States
6226:
2985:
Maria Sanchez was proud to become a United States citizen in 1985, but it did not completely erase the sense of loss she felt over having to give up her Mexican citizenship.
1457:
has been criticized as being a "notoriously surly, inattentive bureaucracy" with long backlogs in which "would-be citizens spent years waiting for paperwork". Rules made by
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989:
asked questions such as "How many stars are there in our flag?" and "What is the Constitution?" and "Who is the president of the United States today?" At one point, the
985:, and be able to speak and understand English unless they are elderly or disabled. Applicants must also pass a citizenship test. Until recently, a test published by the
4663:
United States Department of State. 8 FAM 302.1–4 Status of Inhabitants of Territories Not Mentioned in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Retrieved Jun 9, 2020.
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ceremonies. Most citizenship ceremonies take place at offices of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. However, one swearing-in ceremony was held at
782:
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5305:
On Wednesday, Michael Mukasey ruled that aliens have no constitutional right to challenge the outcome of their deportation hearings based on their lawyers' mistakes.
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118:
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Dr. Pedro Servano always believed that his journey from his native Philippines to the life of a community doctor in Pennsylvania would lead to American citizenship.
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The withholding tax has made the voluntary component of tax collection much less important, and the professional military has limited the need for citizen soldiers.
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and has application generally limited to domestic matters. State citizenship may affect (1) tax decisions, (2) eligibility for some state-provided benefits such as
5977:
5888:
5878:
1337:
892:
While persons born in the United States are considered to be citizens and can obtain US passports, children under the age of eighteen are legally considered to be
2712:. If he does gain citizenship, he is considering the unusual prospect of running both the London Marathon on April 16 and the Olympic trials three weeks later in
5868:
3612:
755:
178, that a Japanese person, born in Japan but resident in the United States for twenty years, could not be naturalized under the law of the time and in 1923 in
4088:
Struggling to fill its depleted ranks using American citizenry, the US military is considering recruiting more non-US citizens, according to Pentagon officials.
5873:
5846:
3177:
1698:
1447:
882:
842:
141:
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3253:
2097:
1998:
1923:
1848:
1773:
1503:
762:
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730:
667:
567:
which prospered because it had "relative safety from corruption, from breach of contract, from property expropriation, and from bureaucratic inefficiency".
454:
6262:
4714:
4610:
4598:
3063:
1389:
assessment, be fingerprinted and pass an English and civics examination. However, unlike foreign nationals, non-citizen U.S. nationals do not need to hold
1342:
3708:
A Federal judge yesterday restored the American citizenship of Rabbi Meir Kahane, the Brooklyn-born founder of the Jewish Defense League who emigrated to
1266:
6191:
5982:
1345:
similarly upheld the government's position and reversed a lower court ruling that said American Samoan plaintiffs were United States citizens at birth.
6287:
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1454:
933:
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3194:
2649:
5841:
790:
naturalization, and repatriation rules between women and men. However, it was not applied retroactively, and was modified by later laws, such as the
98:
6282:
3624:
8 U.S.C. secs. 1402 (Puerto Rico), 1406 (Virgin Islands), and 1407 (Guam); 48 U.S.C. sec. 1801, US-NMI Covenant sec. 303 (Northern Mariana Islands).
2700:
Khalid Khannouchi, the world-record holder in the marathon, has still not given up hope of obtaining American citizenship in time to compete in the
6316:
6049:
5792:
1433:
if naturalized, there have been efforts by Democratic administrations to streamline citizenship applications before elections to increase turnout;
1374:
481:
Award was created by the USCIS to recognize the outstanding achievements of naturalized United States citizens, and past recipients include author
280:
457:. Non-citizen United States nationals also have a similar benefit (transmission of non-citizen United States nationality to children born abroad).
4050:
Though the Army had never gone abroad to hire foreign mercenaries, it had long filled out its ranks with aliens living in the United States (In
6252:
6181:
6115:
5669:
5594:
2236:
5637:
6257:
5824:
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4027:
2579:
United States citizenship, which is attained through the naturalization process, brings many benefits to immigrants and to the United States.
2320:
937:
161:
152:
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the
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2401:
6354:
5992:
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803:
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270:
is restricted to citizens only. States are not required to extend the franchise to all citizens: for example, several states bar citizen
176:
125:
5173:
Hundreds of thousands of people demanding United States citizenship for illegal immigrants took to the streets in dozens of cities from
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3509:
2946:
6216:
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3967:
Senate Democrats have blocked a GOP attempt to require next year's census forms to ask people whether they are a United States citizen.
1739:
1247:
990:
247:
5199:
1418:
Controversy can arise when citizenship affects political issues. Whether to include questions about current citizenship status in the
949:
types of cases, to check application status, and to access a customer guide. The USCIS processes cases in the order they're received.
720:
has shrunk, the citizenship franchise has been expanded to include not just propertied white adult men but black men and adult women.
6445:
6394:
6186:
5118:
4217:
1734:
1133:
The citizenship process has been described as a ritual that is meaningful for many immigrants. Many new citizens are sworn in during
976:
People applying to become United States citizens must satisfy certain requirements. For example, applicants must generally have been
505:; and others. Further, citizenship status can affect which country an athlete can compete as a member of in competitions such as the
4837:"Title 8: Aliens and Nationality - PART 325: NATIONALS BUT NOT CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES; RESIDENCE WITHIN OUTLYING POSSESSIONS"
2818:
6176:
5938:
5289:
694:
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states that "A United States citizen may naturalize in a foreign state without any risk to his or her United States citizenship."
6069:
5999:
5772:
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1744:
1462:
1299:
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to be treated as an American air carrier when jockeying with foreign governments for access to air routes and overseas airports.
1239:
1207:
1060:
428:
400:
1569:. According to the document, the subject had acquired no other nationality at the time of issuance; hence leaving him stateless.
1333:
as non-citizen nationals of the United States, the nationality status of these persons is not specifically mentioned by US law.
6120:
3033:
1438:
986:
298:
6384:
6337:
4710:
3337:
3293:
2511:
1175:
502:
198:
17:
4424:"Citizenship Fee Increases In Context Figure 1. Naturalization Applications Processed and Pending at USCIS, FY 1985 to 2005"
1381:
535:
suggests that most Americans merely vote for president every four years, and sees this pattern as undemocratic. In her book
6231:
6090:
4966:
3123:
2076:
1269:
of the corporation. There is some degree of disagreement among legal authorities as to how exactly this may be determined.
110:
5323:
6311:
6201:
6141:
5906:
5466:
1336:
The U.S. government position regarding American Samoa began to be challenged in court in the 2010s. A 2016 ruling by the
1330:
909:
Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. constitution gives Congress the power "To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization".
757:
563:, in itself, is not always a sufficient condition to bring good outcomes, and pointed to authoritarian societies such as
388:
321:. The Constitution also stipulates that otherwise eligible citizens must meet certain age requirements for these offices.
318:
133:
5020:
4512:
4479:
4314:
4251:
3352:
See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(36) and 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(38) Providing the term "State" and "United States" definitions on the
3093:
6054:
5808:
5773:
Citizenship and the American Empire, Noted on the Legislative History of the United States Citizenship of Puerto Ricans
4799:
4445:
1597:
1558:
1496:
1068:
851:
250:, have similar rights; however, non-citizens, unlike citizens, may have the right taken away. For example, they may be
106:
455:
certain conditions about the United States citizen's parent's length of time spent in the United States need to be met
5987:
5748:
5721:
5497:
4642:
4634:
4540:
4274:"Instructions for Application for Citizenship and Issuance of Certicate Under Section 322 (Form N-600K Instructions)"
3452:
3444:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
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3357:
2737:
2591:
2385:
2360:
2307:
1580:
1313:
1281:
Message in the passport of an American Samoan stating that the passport holder is a national, not citizen, of the U.S
1238:, some carry US citizenship. US citizenship's main advantage for a corporation is the protection and support of the
1045:
601:
372:
294:
275:
227:
94:
5181:
on Monday in some of the most widespread demonstrations since the mass protests began around the country last month.
4729:
2819:"Title 8 of Code of Federal Regulations (8 CFR) \ 8 CFR Part 1337- Oath of allegiance \ § 1337.1 Oath of allegiance"
5528:
5435:
4777:
United States Department of State. 8 FAM 308.3-1 CNMI Applicants Claiming National Status. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
3980:
1529:
1434:
1430:
1303:
1134:
375:
of men has been in place at various times (both in war and in peace) in American history, most recently during the
3907:
3875:
2657:
741:
in the United States becomes a citizen. This is distinct from naturalized citizenship; in 1922 the Court held in
6379:
6105:
5856:
4570:
4552:' means (A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes
2806:
safety from corruption, from breach of contract, from property expropriation, and from bureaucratic inefficiency.
1714:
1491:
of all applications); in 2007, 89,683 applications for naturalization were denied, about 12% of those presented.
1036:
518:
4633:
2015) ("The sole such statutory provision that presently confers United States nationality upon non-citizens is
6374:
6146:
6014:
5239:
2968:
2083:, which is designated as an incorporated territory, therefore the Citizenship Clause is in force in the Atoll).
1589:
1183:
966:
478:
314:
246:. United States citizens have the right to reside and work in the United States. Certain non-citizens, such as
209:, state citizenship was a source of significant contention between the Union and the seceding Southern states.
4369:
2776:
been so gradual—we opt out of the public sphere and the "social contract" for the sake of a protected setting.
1608:
if they understand the consequences. There is a US$ 2,350 administrative fee for the process. In addition, an
6399:
6206:
5229:
4549:
1749:
1277:
1064:
725:
129:
42:
5157:
5002:
Remaking the Political Landscape: The Impact of Illegal and Legal Immigration on Congressional Apportionment
3577:
2063:
is permanently inhabited, there is no statute that bequeaths citizenship upon those born there nor does the
1868:
305:
have been citizens for nine years, before taking office. Most states have similar requirements: for example
136:
applies for citizenship and is accepted. The first of these two pathways to citizenship is specified in the
3219:
2135:
2045:
1970:
1895:
1829:
1357:
862:
830:
2437:
1554:
541:, Nelson argues that declining citizen participation in politics is unhealthy for long term prospects for
6306:
6211:
4874:
8 FAM 505.2-2 List of Current endorsements. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
4842:
4187:
1613:
not seek to obtain any tax information from the interviewee, and instruct the interviewee to contact the
1138:
310:
109:(however, not all citizens have the right to vote in all federal elections, for example, those living in
3662:
3016:
While New Hampshire has no minorities or big cities (there's plenty of both in upcoming primaries), the
164:
of the Constitution, the power to establish a "uniform rule of naturalization" is granted explicitly to
6171:
6136:
4894:
4836:
4626:
4273:
4182:
3547:
2230:
1167:
1113:
1093:
982:
838:
775:
380:
145:
4660:
8 FAM 302.1 Historical Background to Acquisition by Birth in United States Territories and Possessions
4346:
2503:
Beyond Citizenship : American Identity After Globalization: American Identity After Globalization
2250:
2009:
1934:
431:
may even intervene on the person's behalf. Non-citizen United States nationals also have this benefit.
6272:
5960:
2221:
1125:
41:
This article is about United States citizenship in general. For legal issues and naturalization, see
2441:
2117:
5955:
5950:
5933:
5644:
4149:
2465:
2068:
1877:
1811:
1614:
1361:
1000:
870:
826:
685:
396:
392:
235:
4423:
4401:
4037:
3910:. United States government — United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. November 20, 2009
3195:"Defining "American": Birthright Citizenship and the Original Understanding of the 14th Amendment"
2917:
2566:
2027:
5916:
5851:
5691:
4385:
A record number of immigrants, more than 1 million, will become United States citizens this year.
4178:
1952:
1637:
1578:
covering all seven different potentially-expatriating acts (ways of giving up citizenship) under
791:
4895:"Giuliani Sidesteps Whether Illegals Should Get Citizenship Without First Leaving United States"
3753:
2545:
estate and gift taxes. But last week, Congress may have made life less rewarding for tax exiles.
2405:
2276:
2036:
1820:
737:
649 (1898), that per the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause an ethnic Chinese person
352:
Citizens are required to file United States taxes even if they do not live in the United States.
6347:
6074:
5921:
5362:
4673:
1793:
1724:
1458:
1410:, tried to "carve out a middle ground" on the issue of illegal immigration, but rivals such as
1258:
1199:
1019:
743:
615:
considered subjects from the United States as British by birth and forced them to fight in the
165:
55:
5513:
5451:
4569:, 423-24 (1998) ("Persons not born in the United States acquire by birth only as provided by
3838:
3528:"As Trump strikes at birthright citizenship, Americans – and Indians – look up 14th Amendment"
3327:
3283:
1367:
6196:
6009:
5616:"Advice About Possible Loss of U.S. Nationality and Seeking Public Office in a Foreign State"
5001:
4925:
3476:
2284:
2169:
2101:
2002:
1927:
1852:
1777:
1703:
1626:
1507:
766:
752:
734:
709:
671:
629:
528:
4869:
4773:
8 FAM 308.3 Non-Citizen U.S. Nationality in The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
4771:
4658:
4463:
including increasing the citizenship application to US$ 200 or more from the current US$ 95.
2018:
1943:
1802:
1215:
877:
whose father or mother (or both) are or were a citizen is a United States citizen by birth.
5345:
increasingly became the focus of joint efforts by immigration and law enforcement officers.
3869:"CSC Receives US$ 27 Million Task Order From United States Citizenship and Immigration ..."
3202:
2701:
2617:
1661:
1423:
1419:
1386:
593:
302:
202:
35:
5126:
1044:
who had served in the armed forces. Spouses of citizens or non-citizens who served in the
234:, but male United States citizens and non-citizens are still required to register for the
8:
5266:
4678:
4621:
are not synonymous. While all citizens are nationals, not all nationals are citizens".);
4586:
1683:
1592:
within the United States during a state of war. Out of an estimated three to six million
977:
477:. The USCIS sometimes honors the achievements of naturalized United States citizens. The
283:; however, today this is limited to local elections in very few places. Citizens are not
2108:
1859:
1784:
1540:
agreed that "we are doing something dramatically wrong in our criminal justice system".
1005:. This program permits foreigners to apply for a drawing to become a permanent resident.
633:
58:. The one shown above is a post-2007 issued passport. A passport is commonly used as an
6419:
6295:
6095:
6059:
5357:
4814:
8 FAM 308.9 Acquisition by Birth Abroad to Non-Citizen United States National Parent(s)
4690:
4594:
4561:
3532:
3353:
3160:
3152:
2891:
2622:
2201:
2126:
2064:
1961:
1886:
1510:
1476:
1307:
1079:
1014:
965:
sailor receives his certificate of United States citizenship from the commander of the
962:
945:
674:
653:
498:
384:
206:
137:
102:
90:
5262:"Trump again raises much-debated but rarely tested question of birthright citizenship"
4553:
4544:
4315:"Number of Immigrants Applying for United States Citizenship Is Down 62%, Study Finds"
4075:
4054:, an honorable service record gave aliens citizenship in three years instead of five.)
3799:
2954:
2364:
6151:
5777:
5754:
5744:
5727:
5717:
5509:
5447:
5049:
4996:
4566:
4106:
3333:
3289:
3211:
2895:
2789:
2757:
2733:
2507:
1593:
1235:
1187:
1159:
874:
608:
537:
486:
284:
59:
4606:
4225:
3037:
2528:
921:
623:
Relief Tax (HEART) Act of 2008, United States citizens in general are subject to an
6389:
6359:
6277:
5926:
5911:
5095:
5081:
4813:
2881:
2650:"'Outstanding American by Choice Award' Announced by the United States Citizenship"
2595:
1640:, a woman holding United States citizenship could lose it simply by marriage to an
1609:
1584:
1191:
1129:
December 21, 1973 Congress Hall Program and Welcome Letter from Pres. Richard Nixon
910:
814:
624:
560:
549:
267:
4347:"Number of Immigrants Who Became United States Citizens: Fiscal Year 1920 to 2008"
3392:
3384:
3361:
2279:
Downsizing Democracy: How America Sidelined Its Citizens and Privatized Its Public
627:
if they give up United States citizenship, but there are exceptions (specifically
575:
6064:
6039:
5558:
5398:
4646:
4638:
4032:
3643:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3376:
3310:
3285:
The Specter of Sex: Gendered Foundations of Racial Formation in the United States
2501:
2389:
2311:
1675:
1317:
1262:
1251:
1211:
1179:
925:
662:
616:
3724:
928:
received his certificate of United States citizenship from Judge Phillip Forman.
6301:
6267:
6221:
4694:
3246:"Trump wants to end birthright citizenship. A judge he appointed says he can't"
3164:
2464:
Services, USCIS-United States Citizenship and Immigration (September 1, 2014),
2369:
2060:
1532:
as being "fives times greater than the average rate in the rest of the world".
1325:
1243:
1109:
1032:
846:
559:
badly educated and alienated ones—with a passion for politics". He argued that
532:
490:
5758:
5731:
403:
writes, "The professional military has limited the need for citizen soldiers".
6439:
6409:
6404:
6332:
6100:
5581:
5421:
5382:
5234:
5174:
4881:
4823:
4784:
3930:
3772:
3599:
3495:
3215:
2841:
2487:
2451:
2424:
2338:
2188:
2080:
1693:
1605:
1523:
1407:
1203:
834:
717:
611:
when the British captured American ships and forced them back to Europe. The
580:
522:
410:
114:
86:
5474:. 66th Annual Canadian Tax Foundation Annual Conference. Toronto. p. 20
5094:
Note: click on "New Jersey" MPI election profiles for all 50 states and the
2372:' means the conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth,
6369:
6110:
6044:
5743:(First/Unabridged ed.). Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
5714:
You Are Not American: Citizenship Stripping from Dred Scott to the Dreamers
5331:
4051:
2925:
2762:
1514:
1467:
1368:
Legal distinctions between United States citizens and non-citizen nationals
1311:
otherwise, they become non-citizen U.S. nationals at birth instead, as per
1195:
1097:
941:
873:
is a United States citizen by birth. Also, every person born in the former
554:
4399:
4370:"The United States Citizenship Test: Learning, And Earning, Their Stripes"
3725:"Article 1 - The Legislative Branch : Section 8 - Powers of Congress"
3308:
2144:
1453:
There has been controversy about the agency in charge of citizenship. The
441:
Ability to invest in United States real property without triggering FIRPTA
5696:
5493:
4618:
4614:
3190:
3017:
1708:
1688:
1641:
1575:
1518:
1471:
1411:
1349:
1293:
1186:
pursuant to authorization granted by Congress. The eight individuals are
1023:
893:
858:
822:
786:
700:
482:
468:
464:
376:
251:
231:
70:
50:
4754:
1669:
1562:
998:
One way to become a permanent resident is to apply to the US government
274:
from voting, even after they have completed any custodial sentence. The
4556:
3981:"Study guide for United States citizenship test omits freedom of press"
3644:"8 U.S. Code § 1401 – Nationals and citizens of United States at birth"
2886:
2713:
2316:
1443:
1390:
1101:
1041:
913:
provide for acquisition of citizenship by persons not born in the U.S.
810:
579:
Dual citizenship means persons can travel with two passports. Both the
306:
194:
172:
153:
4649:("Nationals but not citizens; residence within outlying possessions").
2685:"Olympics; Marathon Runner's United States Citizenship Is on the Line"
1216:
Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez
387:
force, although both male United States citizens and male non-citizen
193:, in contrast, signifies a relation between a person and a particular
5178:
2709:
1719:
705:
612:
607:
The earliest recorded instances of dual citizenship began before the
584:
564:
542:
361:
341:
180:
74:
31:
6414:
6364:
6005:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
5670:"[USC02] 8 USC 1435: Former citizens regaining citizenship"
4252:"Chapter 5 – Child Residing Outside of the United States (INA 322)"
4009:
3692:"Metro Dateline; American Citizenship Restored to Kahane Published"
3613:
Birthright citizenship in the United States#Political controversies
3003:
2998:
2874:"At Home in Two Countries: The Past and Future of Dual Citizenship"
1979:
1904:
1729:
1566:
1537:
1533:
1142:
1050:
506:
1272:
348:
5580:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5559:"7 FAM 1240: Interagency Coordination and Reporting Requirements"
5420:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5381:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4880:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4822:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4783:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4402:"Immigrant Families and Workers — Trends in Naturalization (pdf)"
4400:
Michael Fix; Jeffrey S. Passel; Kenneth Sucher (September 2003).
3929:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3771:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3598:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3494:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2840:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2486:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2450:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2423:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2337:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2187:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
689:
A Welcome to United States Citizenship – Pub. M-76 (rev. 09/1970)
591:
A person who is considered a citizen by more than one nation has
494:
451:
Transmission of United States citizenship to children born abroad
313:" and a United States resident for fourteen years in order to be
5119:"Perfectly Legal Immigrants, Until They Applied for Citizenship"
4804:
Danny Cevallos. CNN. February 11, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
1513: (1982), entitled illegal immigrants to free education from
1154:
371:
is not currently required in the United States, but a policy of
6424:
5399:"7 FAM 1210: Loss and Restoration of United States Citizenship"
5324:"A Death in Texas — Profits, poverty, and immigration converge"
3955:
3709:
2873:
2705:
1073:
713:
336:
271:
82:
78:
5741:
American by Birth: Wong Kim Ark and the Battle for Citizenship
5468:
FATCA in Canada: The 'Cure' for a United States Place of Birth
3312:
New Frontiers of Democracy: The Story of America in Transition
716:
and privileges. While the realm of civic participation in the
680:
463:. Naturalized United States citizens are no longer considered
222:
6451:
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
4816:. Foreign Affairs Manual. United States Department of State.
4533:
3997:
learn much about the role of the press in American democracy.
3020:
town-hall meeting was the earliest form of American democracy
2732:. Hopewell, New Jersey: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 5.
1561:
of the United States, issued by the United States Embassy in
1242:
in legal or bureaucratic disputes. For example, the airline
769:
204, that an Indian person could not be naturalized. In the
5290:"Mukasey Limits Ineffective Assistance Challenge for Aliens"
5050:"Goal Set for Reducing Backlog on Citizenship Applications"
1353:
1027:
866:
818:
785:
allowed a foreign-born child of a US citizen mother and an
5689:
5595:"[USC02] 8 USC 1451: Revocation of naturalization"
4585:
Aug. 13, 2018) (case involving a United States citizen in
837:. Citizenship, however, was not specified in the original
5436:"Considering 'Citizenship Taxation': In Defense of FATCA"
3578:"The Constitution of the United States: Amendments 11–27"
2075:
page for more information). The same can be said for the
5978:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
5021:"United States Is Seeking To Strip 5,000 Of Citizenship"
4693:
does not extend birthright citizenship to those born in
4068:"United States military may recruit foreigners to serve"
2274:
2202:"Hooven & Allison Co. v. Evatt, 324 U.S. 652 (1945)"
961:
Military service is often a key to citizenship; here, a
201:, and (3) eligibility for state political posts such as
4107:"United States Military Will Offer Path to Citizenship"
3167:
did not begin to break down until the twentieth century
936:, commonly abbreviated as USCIS. It is a bureau of the
54:
United States nationality gives the right to acquire a
5807:
4513:"Virgin America to DOT: Dismiss citizenship challenge"
4446:"Agency Plans to Double United States Citizenship Fee"
2916:
Webel, Beth; Gandhu, Christopher (December 19, 2011).
2314:("Nationals and citizens of United States at birth");
1699:
Birthright citizenship in the United States of America
1294:
Historic and current grants of non-citizen nationality
1076:
comprises 90% of those taking advantage of the clause.
932:
The agency in charge of admitting new citizens is the
3309:
Ervin Eugene Lewis; Merritt Madison Chambers (1935).
1348:
Unlike people born in American Samoa, people born in
845:
specifically defined persons who were either born or
395:
and may be called up in the event of a future draft.
5610:
5608:
3031:
2436:
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services:
1651:
435:
Increased ability to sponsor relatives living abroad
5983:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
5690:Abdelfatah, Rund; Ramtin Arablouei (June 9, 2022).
5358:"7 FAM 1220: Developing a Loss-of-Nationality Case"
5084:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
4730:"American Samoans Are Not Born Into US Citizenship"
4426:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
4349:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
3752:. United States Department Of State. Archived from
3475:. State of South Dakota. April 2003. Archived from
2569:. mpI Migration Policy Institute. November 20, 2009
2281:(book) by Matthew A. Crenson and Benjamin Ginsberg"
1629:, then they may have their naturalization revoked.
1306:are not "in the United States" for purposes of the
183:via a formal procedure at a United States embassy.
30:"U.S. citizen" redirects here. For the people, see
5527:Dentino, William L.; Manolakas, Christine (2012).
4480:"Judge Offers Lesson In United States Citizenship"
3890:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
2251:"Top 10 Reasons to become a United States citizen"
2225:(6th ed.). United States. 1990. p. 1533.
934:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
5605:
4603:Ricketts v. Attorney General of the United States
3302:
2526:
1375:not allowed to vote in federal or state elections
301:have been citizens for seven years, and that all
6437:
5944:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
5526:
4926:"Voter ID Battle Shifts to Proof of Citizenship"
3151:Note: after the Fourteenth Amendment during the
2787:
2755:
1543:
189:signifies membership in the country as a whole;
5253:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5151:
5149:
5147:
4496:citizens the sacrifices made for their freedom.
4404:. Urban Institute — Immigration Studies Program
4312:
4147:
3836:
3660:
3332:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 203–.
3325:
2947:"US State Department Services Dual Nationality"
1304:unincorporated territories of the United States
1273:Distinction between citizenship and nationality
266:for federal office in all fifty states and the
212:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5076:
5074:
5014:
5012:
5010:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4510:
4473:
4471:
4211:
4209:
4177:
3952:"Senate blocks census US-citizenship question"
3800:"United States to unveil new citizenship test"
3237:
2996:
2969:"United States Mexicans Gain Dual Citizenship"
2499:
2275:Heineman (book reviewer), Robert (July 2004).
1644:or certain aliens ineligible for citizenship.
124:There are two primary sources of citizenship:
6258:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
5793:
5529:"The Exit Tax: A Move in the Right Direction"
5116:
5047:
5004:Center for Immigration Studies, October 2003.
4506:
4504:
4395:
4393:
4367:
4341:
4339:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4215:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4096:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3902:
3900:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3548:"Romney Eyeing End to Birthright Citizenship"
3094:"Hey, Young Americans, Here's a Text for You"
2781:
2751:
2749:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2529:"New Law Makes Escape Tougher For Tax Exiles"
2444:, page 28 of 58 in PDF, page 25 in hard copy
1265:, corporate citizenship is determined by the
1162:was awarded with the honorary distinction of
425:Consular protection outside the United States
5393:
5391:
5200:"Should Colleges Enroll Illegal Immigrants?"
5197:
5186:
5155:
5144:
5041:
5018:
4477:
3978:
3589:National Archives and Records Administration
3510:"The Real Origins of Birthright Citizenship"
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3155:, blacks became technically enfranchised as
2682:
2618:"Surge Seen in Applications for Citizenship"
2270:
2268:
1620:
258:Freedom to enter and leave the United States
6355:Democratic backsliding in the United States
5993:Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act
5310:
5281:
5101:
5071:
5007:
4947:
4917:
4468:
4438:
4206:
4059:
4028:"National Affairs: Passport to Citizenship"
4020:
3797:
3684:
3540:
3329:Generations: Rethinking Age and Citizenship
3319:
3281:
2961:
2915:
2520:
2073:American Samoan citizenship and nationality
1636:From September 22, 1922, to the passage of
1550:Relinquishment of United States nationality
804:Birthright citizenship in the United States
681:History of citizenship in the United States
445:Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act
160:The second is provided for in U.S. law. In
5800:
5786:
5287:
5221:
5000:, May 29, 2010; see also, Steve Camarota,
4923:
4887:
4849:United States Government Publishing Office
4795:
4793:
4501:
4416:
4390:
4361:
4336:
4291:
4171:
4128:
4093:
3972:
3936:
3897:
3866:
3860:
3821:
3778:
3654:
3121:
3091:
3061:
3036:. Brigham Young University. Archived from
2746:
2676:
2647:
2641:
2602:
2550:
2235:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1740:Undocumented students in the United States
1248:United States Department of Transportation
1166:230 years after he fought and died in the
952:
904:
857:By acts of Congress, every person born in
340:United States citizens may be summoned to
5738:
5458:
5388:
5366:. Department of State. September 19, 2014
5350:
5321:
5230:"Trump Challenges Birthright Citizenship"
5082:"Role of Foreign-born Voters in Election"
4065:
3315:. American Education Press, Incorporated.
3268:
3180:in 1919 after a constitutional amendment.
3032:Jean Bethke Elshtain (October 29, 1996).
2885:
2265:
1735:Natural born citizen of the United States
1617:directly with any questions about taxes.
1380:Non-citizen U.S. nationals can apply for
1120:
797:
5565:. Department of State. November 12, 2015
5427:
5405:. Department of State. December 19, 2014
5158:"Immigrants, backers demand citizenship"
4959:"Eye Opener: Citizenship and the Census"
2463:
1755:
1553:
1276:
1225:
1153:
1124:
1012:service. For example, a 2009 article in
956:
920:
695:Nationality law in the American Colonies
684:
574:
347:
335:
221:
49:
6000:National Voter Registration Act of 1993
5956:Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
4790:
4727:
2506:. Oxford University Press. p. 99.
2493:
1745:Undocumented youth in the United States
1300:federal government of the United States
1287:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
1149:
1061:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
226:The United States military has been an
97:and laws of the United States, such as
14:
6438:
6237:United States Virgin Islands residents
5533:William & Mary Business Law Review
5259:
5227:
4313:Tara Bahrampour (September 12, 2009).
3837:Editorial staff (September 25, 2009).
3115:
3085:
3055:
3025:
2990:
2727:
1594:United States citizens residing abroad
1439:Immigration and Naturalization Service
987:Immigration and Naturalization Service
776:1906 being the most recent legislation
513:
299:United States House of Representatives
238:within 30 days of their 18th birthday.
5781:
5711:
5676:from the original on October 9, 2023.
5601:from the original on October 9, 2023.
5502:Michigan Journal of International Law
5492:
4623:Mohammadi v. Islamic Republic of Iran
3888:CSC (NYSE: CSC) announced today that
3508:Jones, Martha S. (October 31, 2018).
3507:
3326:Richard Marback (February 16, 2015).
3034:"Democracy at Century's End (speech)"
2871:
2788:Robert D. Kaplan (December 1, 1997).
2756:Robert D. Kaplan (December 1, 1997).
1178:" has been granted eight times by an
1176:Honorary Citizen of the United States
637:) for those who are either under age
503:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
325:Right to apply for federal employment
5830:House Electors Qualifications Clause
5464:
5228:Farley, Robert (November 13, 2015).
4801:Should American Samoans be citizens?
4511:Harry R. Weber (September 4, 2009).
4150:"Citizenship For Immigrant Soldiers"
3661:Susan Jo Keller (October 27, 1996).
3243:
2878:European Journal of American Studies
2500:Peter J. Spiro (December 31, 2007).
2086:
2077:United States Minor Outlying Islands
1711:(general discussion for all nations)
1092:According to a senior fellow at the
5433:
5260:Barnes, Robert (October 30, 2018).
4368:William Booth (November 17, 1996).
4105:Julia Preston (February 14, 2009).
3908:"USCIS Processing Time Information"
3356:, Immigration and Nationality Act.
2730:American Politics: Playing the Game
1995:United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1987:
1912:
1837:
1762:
1470:doctor and his wife, both from the
1331:United States Minor Outlying Island
1182:or by a proclamation issued by the
916:
883:birthright citizenship by parentage
758:United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
570:
319:vice president of the United States
85:, protections, and benefits in the
24:
6227:Northern Mariana Islands residents
5809:Voting rights in the United States
5683:
4216:Miriam Jordan (October 16, 2007).
4002:
3950:Andrew Taylor (November 5, 2009).
3189:
3183:
3064:"Jersey; An Exercise In Community"
2821:. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations
2567:"Citizenship and Civic Engagement"
2527:Martin A. Vaughan (May 28, 2008).
2457:
2438:Citizenship Through Naturalization
2404:. Travel.state.gov. Archived from
1598:Certificate of Loss of Nationality
1559:Certificate of Loss of Nationality
1422:questions has been debated in the
391:are required to register with the
291:Freedom to stand for public office
93:derived from and protected by the
25:
6462:
5988:Federal Voting Assistance Program
5766:
4871:8 FAM 505.2 Passport Endorsements
4728:Pampuro, Amanda (June 16, 2021).
3798:Ben Arnoldy (November 17, 2006).
3244:Paul, Deanna (October 30, 2018).
3122:Naomi Wolf (September 27, 2007).
2212:
2194:
2172:. Travel.state.gov. April 1, 2011
2104:202 (1982) is available from:
2005:204 (1923) is available from:
1930:178 (1922) is available from:
1855:649 (1898) is available from:
1780:253 (1967) is available from:
297:requires that all members of the
132:, a process in which an eligible
6446:Citizenship of the United States
6395:Ranked-choice voting in the U.S.
6312:Women's poll tax repeal movement
5662:
5630:
5622:. March 12, 2019. Archived from
5587:
5575:
5551:
5520:
5486:
5415:
5376:
5117:Julia Preston (April 12, 2008).
5048:Julia Preston (March 15, 2008).
4957:Ed O'Keefe (November 19, 2009).
4875:
4817:
4778:
4148:Tatiana Morales (July 4, 2003).
3924:
3766:
3593:
3489:
3092:Naomi Wolf (November 25, 2007).
3062:Paula Span (November 20, 2005).
2997:Jonathan Alter (March 3, 2010).
2872:Spiro, Peter J. (January 2017).
2835:
2481:
2445:
2418:
2332:
2182:
1668:
1654:
1401:
1087:
1031:citizenship. In 2002, President
254:if convicted of a serious crime.
67:Citizenship of the United States
5939:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
5857:Privileges or Immunities Clause
5557:
5465:Berg, Roy (November 30, 2014).
5397:
5356:
5198:Eddy RamĂrez (August 7, 2008).
5156:Laura Parker (April 11, 2006).
4985:
4863:
4829:
4807:
4765:
4747:
4721:
4700:
4666:
4652:
4266:
4244:
4066:Tom Regan (December 26, 2006).
4036:. April 2, 1951. Archived from
3742:
3717:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3605:
3570:
3520:
3501:
3461:
3366:
3346:
3170:
3145:
2939:
2909:
2865:
2847:
2811:
2721:
2584:
2430:
2394:
2321:Department of Homeland Security
2053:
1391:permanent residency of the U.S.
938:Department of Homeland Security
360:is only imposed upon citizens.
89:. It serves as a foundation of
6217:District of Columbia residents
6147:Multiple non-transferable vote
6070:Voter registration in the U.S.
6015:Election Assistance Commission
5835:Congressional Elections Clause
5322:Tom Barry (November 1, 2009).
5288:Dan Slater (January 9, 2009).
5240:Annenberg Public Policy Center
4478:Jerry Markon (June 12, 2008).
4218:"Citizenship via Grandparents"
3282:Sally Kitch (August 6, 2009).
2790:"Was Democracy Just a Moment?"
2758:"Was Democracy Just a Moment?"
2683:Jere Longman (March 3, 2000).
2616:Julia Preston (July 5, 2007).
2379:
2353:
2344:
2301:
2243:
2162:
1236:persons in the eyes of the law
723:The Supreme Court affirmed in
479:Outstanding American by Choice
315:president of the United States
13:
1:
6400:National Voting Rights Museum
6010:Help America Vote Act of 2002
5019:Eric Schmitt (May 24, 1997).
4550:national of the United States
3979:Bill Nichols (May 16, 2006).
3839:"A Commitment to Citizenship"
3750:"Citizenship and Nationality"
3565:States to illegal immigrants.
3473:Department of Social Services
3288:. SUNY Press. pp. 179–.
2648:PRNewswire (April 27, 2009).
2253:. American Immigration Center
2156:
1845:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
1750:United States nationality law
1544:Relinquishment of citizenship
1343:10th Circuit Court of Appeals
1065:Child Citizenship Act of 2000
783:Equal Nationality Act of 1934
726:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
43:United States nationality law
6263:Timeline of women's suffrage
5204:U.S. News & World Report
4685:2015) ("The judgment of the
4188:U.S. News & World Report
2918:"Cut United States tax ties"
1358:United States Virgin Islands
863:United States Virgin Islands
831:United States Virgin Islands
213:Rights, duties, and benefits
62:and as proof of citizenship.
7:
6317:History of direct democracy
6307:Selma to Montgomery marches
6050:Initiatives and referendums
4924:Ian Urbina (May 12, 2008).
4843:Code of Federal Regulations
4707:Fitisemanu v. United States
3867:PRNewswire (May 26, 2009).
3648:Legal Information Institute
3469:"3222 Citizenship by Birth"
3124:"Books: The End of America"
2317:"United States Citizenship"
2067:apply there since it is an
1647:
1267:principal place of business
1139:Arlington National Cemetery
461:Protection from deportation
418:
10:
6467:
6137:First-past-the-post voting
5907:U.S. Department of Justice
3354:United States Federal Code
3178:achieved the right to vote
2145:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1547:
1114:Migration Policy Institute
1094:Migration Policy Institute
1077:
1072:presence of grandparents.
991:Government Printing Office
801:
692:
467:and cannot be placed into
381:United States Armed Forces
295:United States Constitution
276:United States Constitution
248:lawful permanent residents
244:Freedom to reside and work
40:
34:. For the legal term, see
29:
6325:
6273:Woman Suffrage Procession
6245:
6164:
6129:
6083:
6032:
6025:
5961:Voting Rights Act of 1965
5897:
5815:
5739:Nackenoff, Carol (2021).
5638:"54 Stat. 1137 1936-1941"
4559:to the United States.");
4072:Christian Science Monitor
3804:Christian Science Monitor
2442:A Guide to Naturalization
1621:Revocation of citizenship
1112:, a senior fellow at the
778:in question at the time.
548:However, writers such as
331:
217:
6212:American Samoa residents
5951:Civil Rights Act of 1960
5934:Civil Rights Act of 1957
5716:. Boston: Beacon Press.
2069:unincorporated territory
1362:Northern Mariana Islands
1302:takes the position that
1240:United States government
1078:Not to be confused with
871:Northern Mariana Islands
827:Northern Mariana Islands
587:permit dual citizenship.
429:United States government
397:Johns Hopkins University
393:Selective Service System
113:), live and work in the
27:Legal status in the U.S.
5917:Enforcement Act of 1870
5852:Equal Protection Clause
5498:"Citizenship Overreach"
5434:Lee, Young Ran (2017).
5294:The Wall Street Journal
4734:Courthouse News Service
4222:The Wall Street Journal
4014:www.dvprogram.state.gov
3712:more than 15 years ago.
2999:"Who Cares About Iowa?"
2533:The Wall Street Journal
2374:by any means whatsoever
1638:Nationality Act of 1940
1530:high incarceration rate
953:Pathways to citizenship
905:Naturalized citizenship
792:Nationality Act of 1940
708:"sturdy", according to
521:is not required in the
469:deportation proceedings
5922:Second Enforcement Act
5712:Frost, Amanda (2021).
5692:"By Accident of Birth"
5672:. United States Code.
5597:. United States Code.
5563:Foreign Affairs Manual
5403:Foreign Affairs Manual
5363:Foreign Affairs Manual
4674:Tuaua v. United States
4279:. UCSIS. July 13, 2017
3663:"Bringing Up Citizens"
2728:Rouder, Susan (1977).
2402:"Legal Considerations"
2222:Black's Law Dictionary
1920:Ozawa v. United States
1725:History of citizenship
1570:
1282:
1259:diversity jurisdiction
1200:Hannah Callowhill Penn
1171:
1130:
1121:Citizenship ceremonies
1020:United States Military
1009:Military participation
973:
929:
798:Birthright citizenship
744:Ozawa v. United States
690:
588:
369:Military participation
353:
345:
311:a natural born Citizen
239:
158:
126:birthright citizenship
63:
56:United States passport
6375:Elections in the U.S.
6232:Puerto Rico residents
5971:covered jurisdictions
5626:on December 20, 2023.
4181:(November 30, 2005).
2671:each of its citizens.
2376:".) (emphasis added).
2285:Independent Institute
1756:Explanatory footnotes
1715:Citizenship education
1704:Birthright generation
1627:subversive activities
1557:
1280:
1261:in the United States
1226:Corporate citizenship
1188:Sir Winston Churchill
1157:
1128:
1059:. Section 322 of the
960:
924:
710:Alexis de Tocqueville
688:
578:
351:
339:
230:since the end of the
225:
205:. At the time of the
203:United States senator
150:
99:freedom of expression
53:
18:United States citizen
5096:District of Columbia
4078:on February 27, 2009
4040:on November 23, 2010
3479:on February 25, 2011
3256:on November 16, 2018
2957:on October 14, 2012.
2702:2008 Summer Olympics
1662:United States portal
1420:United States Census
1387:good moral character
1257:For the purposes of
1208:Marquis de Lafayette
1150:Honorary citizenship
843:Fourteenth Amendment
815:District of Columbia
634:§ 877A(g)(1)(b)
399:political scientist
281:non-citizens to vote
268:District of Columbia
187:National citizenship
156:wherein they reside.
142:Fourteenth Amendment
36:United States person
5267:The Washington Post
4963:The Washington Post
4587:removal proceedings
4484:The Washington Post
4452:. September 4, 1997
4374:The Washington Post
4319:The Washington Post
3878:on February 1, 2013
3756:on January 20, 2008
3698:. February 21, 1987
3633:8 U.S.C. sec. 1403.
3536:. October 31, 2018.
3225:on October 30, 2010
3191:Ho, James Chiun-Yue
3128:The Washington Post
3098:The Washington Post
2660:on February 1, 2013
2408:on January 14, 2010
2136:Library of Congress
2046:Library of Congress
1971:Library of Congress
1896:Library of Congress
1830:Library of Congress
1684:Accidental American
978:permanent residents
561:civic participation
519:Civic participation
514:Civic participation
389:permanent residents
383:are a professional
228:all-volunteer force
6420:Voter registration
6296:Give Us the Ballot
6192:Transgender people
6096:Grandfather clause
6060:Provisional ballot
5440:Florida Tax Review
5334:on August 23, 2011
5123:The New York Times
5054:The New York Times
5025:The New York Times
4969:on January 6, 2010
4930:The New York Times
4691:Citizenship Clause
4591:Anderson v. Holder
4562:Miller v. Albright
4545:§ 1101(a)(22)
4450:The New York Times
4183:"Dual citizenship"
4111:The New York Times
3843:The New York Times
3729:usconstitution.net
3696:The New York Times
3667:The New York Times
3533:The Times of India
3153:American Civil War
3068:The New York Times
2973:The New York Times
2887:10.4000/ejas.11962
2855:"Dual Nationality"
2689:The New York Times
2623:The New York Times
2365:§ 1101(a)(23)
2065:Citizenship Clause
1571:
1477:The New York Times
1463:federal government
1338:D.C. Circuit Court
1308:Citizenship Clause
1283:
1172:
1131:
1080:Grandfather clause
1069:oath of allegiance
1015:The New York Times
974:
946:immigration reform
930:
691:
654:security clearance
589:
499:John Shalikashvili
354:
346:
240:
207:American Civil War
138:Citizenship Clause
119:federal assistance
91:fundamental rights
64:
6433:
6432:
6380:Electoral College
6202:African Americans
6160:
6159:
6152:One man, one vote
6121:Voter suppression
5650:on March 31, 2016
4997:Los Angeles Times
4851:. August 29, 2011
4689:is affirmed; the
4613:July 30, 2018) ("
3339:978-0-8143-4081-3
3295:978-1-4384-2754-6
3040:on March 18, 2012
2513:978-0-19-972225-9
2231:cite encyclopedia
2219:"United States".
1168:Revolutionary War
1160:Kazimierz Pulaski
969:George Washington
875:Panama Canal Zone
609:French Revolution
538:Bad for Democracy
487:Nobel Peace Prize
401:Benjamin Ginsberg
379:. Currently, the
285:compelled to vote
191:state citizenship
117:, and to receive
60:identity document
16:(Redirected from
6458:
6390:Electoral system
6385:Electoral reform
6360:Disfranchisement
6348:Native Americans
6338:Campaign finance
6283:U.S. suffragists
6278:Silent Sentinels
6207:Native Americans
6030:
6029:
5927:Ku Klux Klan Act
5912:Enforcement Acts
5802:
5795:
5788:
5779:
5778:
5762:
5735:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5678:
5677:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5649:
5643:. Archived from
5642:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5620:travel.state.gov
5612:
5603:
5602:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5473:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5395:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5330:. Archived from
5319:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5300:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5195:
5184:
5183:
5170:
5168:
5153:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5125:. Archived from
5114:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5078:
5069:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5031:
5016:
5005:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4965:. Archived from
4954:
4945:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4901:. March 23, 2007
4891:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4833:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4811:
4805:
4797:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4725:
4719:
4704:
4698:
4670:
4664:
4656:
4650:
4575:Jaen v. Sessions
4571:Acts of Congress
4547:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4523:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4475:
4466:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4310:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4278:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4224:. Archived from
4213:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4145:
4126:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4102:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4074:. Archived from
4063:
4057:
4056:
4047:
4045:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3947:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3885:
3883:
3874:. Archived from
3864:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3834:
3819:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3795:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3616:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3465:
3459:
3370:
3364:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3279:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3252:. Archived from
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3218:. Archived from
3199:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3013:
3011:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2975:. March 20, 2003
2965:
2959:
2958:
2953:. Archived from
2951:travel.state.gov
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2889:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2859:travel.state.gov
2851:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2656:. Archived from
2645:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2613:
2600:
2598:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2383:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2170:"Get a passport"
2166:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2090:
2084:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2008:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1766:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1610:expatriation tax
1590:attorney general
1587:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1320:
1192:Raoul Wallenberg
1135:Independence Day
1057:Grandparent rule
917:Agency in charge
911:Acts of Congress
650:
649:
645:
642:
636:
625:expatriation tax
602:State Department
594:dual citizenship
571:Dual citizenship
550:Robert D. Kaplan
199:higher education
105:, the rights to
21:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6321:
6241:
6156:
6125:
6091:Electoral fraud
6079:
6075:Voting in space
6065:Recall election
6040:Absentee ballot
6021:
5899:
5893:
5817:
5811:
5806:
5769:
5751:
5724:
5702:
5700:
5686:
5684:Further reading
5681:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5640:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5614:
5613:
5606:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5576:
5568:
5566:
5556:
5552:
5542:
5540:
5525:
5521:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5463:
5459:
5432:
5428:
5416:
5408:
5406:
5396:
5389:
5377:
5369:
5367:
5355:
5351:
5337:
5335:
5320:
5311:
5298:
5296:
5286:
5282:
5272:
5270:
5258:
5254:
5244:
5242:
5226:
5222:
5208:
5206:
5196:
5187:
5166:
5164:
5154:
5145:
5132:
5130:
5129:on July 6, 2022
5115:
5102:
5087:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5072:
5058:
5056:
5046:
5042:
5029:
5027:
5017:
5008:
4992:Census Nonsense
4990:
4986:
4972:
4970:
4955:
4948:
4934:
4932:
4922:
4918:
4904:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4876:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4818:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4791:
4779:
4770:
4766:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4726:
4722:
4705:
4701:
4671:
4667:
4657:
4653:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4521:
4519:
4509:
4502:
4488:
4486:
4476:
4469:
4455:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4378:
4376:
4366:
4362:
4352:
4350:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4323:
4321:
4311:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4231:
4229:
4214:
4207:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4172:
4158:
4156:
4146:
4129:
4115:
4113:
4103:
4094:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4060:
4043:
4041:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3989:
3987:
3977:
3973:
3960:
3958:
3948:
3937:
3925:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3881:
3879:
3865:
3861:
3847:
3845:
3835:
3822:
3808:
3806:
3796:
3779:
3767:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3701:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3671:
3669:
3659:
3655:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3606:
3594:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3557:
3555:
3554:. July 22, 2007
3546:
3545:
3541:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3506:
3502:
3490:
3482:
3480:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3371:
3367:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3324:
3320:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3280:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3250:Washington Post
3242:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3197:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3171:
3150:
3146:
3132:
3130:
3120:
3116:
3102:
3100:
3090:
3086:
3072:
3070:
3060:
3056:
3043:
3041:
3030:
3026:
3009:
3007:
2995:
2991:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2870:
2866:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2798:
2796:
2786:
2782:
2768:
2766:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2726:
2722:
2716:, friends said.
2693:
2691:
2681:
2677:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2642:
2628:
2626:
2614:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2551:
2537:
2535:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2498:
2494:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2446:
2435:
2431:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2384:
2380:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2333:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2306:
2302:
2289:
2287:
2273:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2183:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2091:
2087:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1770:Afroyim v. Rusk
1767:
1763:
1758:
1676:Politics portal
1674:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1623:
1579:
1552:
1546:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1404:
1370:
1312:
1296:
1275:
1263:civil procedure
1252:Alaska Airlines
1234:are considered
1228:
1212:Casimir Pulaski
1180:act of Congress
1152:
1123:
1090:
1083:
1037:executive order
955:
926:Albert Einstein
919:
907:
841:. In 1868, the
806:
800:
697:
683:
663:Afroyim v. Rusk
647:
643:
640:
638:
628:
617:Napoleonic Wars
573:
516:
493:who was CEO of
421:
342:serve on a jury
334:
220:
215:
134:legal immigrant
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6464:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6302:Freedom Summer
6299:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6268:Suffrage Hikes
6265:
6260:
6255:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6222:Guam residents
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6142:Gerrymandering
6139:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6036:
6034:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5980:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5889:26th Amendment
5886:
5884:24th Amendment
5881:
5879:23rd Amendment
5876:
5874:19th Amendment
5871:
5869:17th Amendment
5866:
5864:15th Amendment
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5847:14th Amendment
5844:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5821:
5819:
5816:Constitutional
5813:
5812:
5805:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5768:
5767:External links
5765:
5764:
5763:
5749:
5736:
5722:
5709:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5661:
5629:
5604:
5586:
5550:
5519:
5485:
5457:
5426:
5387:
5349:
5309:
5280:
5252:
5220:
5185:
5143:
5100:
5070:
5040:
5006:
4984:
4946:
4916:
4886:
4862:
4828:
4806:
4789:
4764:
4746:
4720:
4699:
4695:American Samoa
4687:district court
4665:
4651:
4641:."); see also
4609:, p.5 note 3 (
4601:2012) (same);
4532:
4500:
4467:
4437:
4415:
4389:
4360:
4335:
4290:
4265:
4243:
4239:grandchildren.
4228:on May 2, 2008
4205:
4179:Michael Barone
4170:
4127:
4092:
4058:
4019:
4001:
3971:
3935:
3896:
3859:
3820:
3777:
3741:
3716:
3683:
3653:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3604:
3569:
3539:
3519:
3500:
3460:
3365:
3345:
3338:
3318:
3301:
3294:
3267:
3236:
3182:
3169:
3165:discrimination
3144:
3114:
3084:
3054:
3024:
2989:
2960:
2938:
2908:
2864:
2846:
2810:
2780:
2745:
2738:
2720:
2675:
2640:
2601:
2596:§ 1401(c)
2583:
2549:
2519:
2512:
2492:
2456:
2429:
2393:
2378:
2370:naturalization
2352:
2343:
2300:
2264:
2242:
2211:
2193:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2118:Google Scholar
2085:
2061:American Samoa
2052:
2028:Google Scholar
1986:
1953:Google Scholar
1911:
1878:Google Scholar
1836:
1812:Google Scholar
1760:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
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1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
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1665:
1649:
1646:
1622:
1619:
1585:§ 1481(a)
1548:Main article:
1545:
1542:
1403:
1400:
1382:naturalization
1369:
1366:
1326:American Samoa
1295:
1292:
1274:
1271:
1244:Virgin America
1227:
1224:
1174:The title of "
1151:
1148:
1122:
1119:
1110:Doris Meissner
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1054:
1018:said that the
1006:
1001:Diversity Visa
971: (CVN-73)
954:
951:
918:
915:
906:
903:
802:Main article:
799:
796:
682:
679:
572:
569:
533:Dana D. Nelson
515:
512:
511:
510:
491:Indra K. Nooyi
475:Other benefits
472:
458:
448:
438:
432:
420:
417:
416:
415:
404:
366:
333:
330:
329:
328:
322:
288:
261:
255:
236:military draft
219:
216:
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211:
130:naturalization
77:with specific
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6463:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6410:Secret ballot
6408:
6406:
6405:Redistricting
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
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6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6333:Ballot access
6331:
6330:
6328:
6324:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
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6300:
6297:
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6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6130:Vote dilution
6128:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6116:Voter ID laws
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:Literacy test
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:Postal voting
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6016:
6013:
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6008:
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5998:
5994:
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5989:
5986:
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5862:
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5843:
5842:1st Amendment
5840:
5836:
5833:
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5828:
5827:
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5822:
5820:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5750:9780700631926
5746:
5742:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5723:9780807051429
5719:
5715:
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5699:
5698:
5693:
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5675:
5671:
5665:
5646:
5639:
5633:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5583:
5582:public domain
5564:
5560:
5554:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5470:
5469:
5461:
5453:
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5445:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5422:public domain
5404:
5400:
5394:
5392:
5384:
5383:public domain
5365:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5346:
5333:
5329:
5328:Boston Review
5325:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5306:
5295:
5291:
5284:
5269:
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5241:
5237:
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5235:FactCheck.org
5231:
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5015:
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5011:
5003:
4999:
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4960:
4953:
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4896:
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4796:
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4785:public domain
4776:
4774:
4768:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4739:September 13,
4735:
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4708:
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4643:8 U.S.C.
4640:
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4635:8 U.S.C.
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
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4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4595:673 F.3d 1089
4592:
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4576:
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4403:
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4331:organization.
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4015:
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4005:
3998:
3986:
3982:
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3946:
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3940:
3932:
3931:public domain
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3805:
3801:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
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3782:
3774:
3773:public domain
3755:
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3680:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3614:
3608:
3601:
3600:public domain
3590:
3579:
3573:
3566:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3496:public domain
3478:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3454:
3453:8 U.S.C.
3450:
3446:
3445:8 U.S.C.
3442:
3438:
3437:8 U.S.C.
3434:
3430:
3429:8 U.S.C.
3426:
3422:
3421:8 U.S.C.
3418:
3414:
3413:8 U.S.C.
3410:
3406:
3405:8 U.S.C.
3402:
3398:
3397:8 U.S.C.
3394:
3390:
3389:8 U.S.C.
3386:
3382:
3381:8 U.S.C.
3378:
3374:
3373:8 U.S.C.
3369:
3363:
3359:
3358:8 U.S.C.
3355:
3349:
3341:
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3331:
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3322:
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3313:
3305:
3297:
3291:
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3274:
3272:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:The Green Bag
3196:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3176:Note: women
3173:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3141:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3099:
3095:
3088:
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3019:
3006:
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2897:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2843:
2842:public domain
2833:
2825:September 16,
2820:
2814:
2807:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2739:0-395-24971-6
2735:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2659:
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2556:
2554:
2546:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2489:
2488:public domain
2469:
2468:
2460:
2453:
2452:public domain
2443:
2439:
2433:
2426:
2425:public domain
2407:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2386:8 U.S.C.
2382:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2340:
2339:public domain
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2308:8 U.S.C.
2304:
2297:
2286:
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2280:
2271:
2269:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2190:
2189:public domain
2171:
2165:
2161:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:Plyler v. Doe
2089:
2082:
2081:Palmyra Atoll
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2010:CourtListener
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1935:CourtListener
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1869:CourtListener
1861:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1794:CourtListener
1786:
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1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Birth tourism
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1652:
1645:
1643:
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1601:
1599:
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1577:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:Boston Review
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:Plyler v. Doe
1498:
1497:Supreme Court
1492:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1448:2008 election
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:Rudy Giuliani
1402:Controversies
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:Mother Teresa
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:Polish Count
1156:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:Strong demand
1081:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
995:
992:
988:
984:
979:
972:
970:
964:
959:
950:
947:
943:
939:
935:
927:
923:
914:
912:
902:
898:
895:
890:
886:
884:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
852:Supreme Court
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:Palmyra Atoll
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
805:
795:
793:
788:
784:
779:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
721:
719:
718:public sphere
715:
711:
707:
702:
696:
687:
678:
676:
673:
669:
665:
664:
657:
655:
635:
631:
626:
620:
618:
614:
613:British Crown
610:
605:
603:
598:
596:
595:
586:
582:
581:United States
577:
568:
566:
562:
557:
556:
551:
546:
544:
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
524:
523:United States
520:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:
470:
466:
462:
459:
456:
452:
449:
446:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:
422:
412:
411:United States
408:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:all-volunteer
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
363:
359:
356:
355:
350:
343:
338:
326:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
249:
245:
242:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
157:
155:
149:
148:which reads:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
115:United States
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:United States
84:
80:
76:
73:that entails
72:
68:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
6370:Election law
6342:
6288:Publications
6197:Young adults
6111:Voter caging
6045:Early voting
6033:Voter access
5900:and agencies
5898:Federal laws
5740:
5713:
5703:September 3,
5701:. Retrieved
5695:
5664:
5652:. Retrieved
5645:the original
5632:
5624:the original
5619:
5589:
5567:. Retrieved
5562:
5553:
5541:. Retrieved
5536:
5532:
5522:
5505:
5501:
5494:Spiro, Peter
5488:
5476:. Retrieved
5467:
5460:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5407:. Retrieved
5402:
5368:. Retrieved
5361:
5352:
5343:
5338:December 16,
5336:. Retrieved
5332:the original
5327:
5304:
5299:December 16,
5297:. Retrieved
5293:
5283:
5271:. Retrieved
5265:
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