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and later books, that the unity of science can be considered in terms of a circle of the sciences, where logic is the foundation for mathematics, which is the foundation for mechanics and physics, and physics is the foundation for chemistry, which is the foundation for biology, which is the
35:/pragmatic (giving a unified account of how the activities and products of science work). There are also philosophers who emphasize the disunity of science, which does not necessarily imply that there could be no unity in some sense but does emphasize
101:
foundation for sociology, the moral sciences, psychology, and the theory of knowledge, and the theory of knowledge forms a basis for logic, completing the circle, without implying that any science could be
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815:
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3899:
3894:
1270:
120:
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3076:
3216:
2552:
1889:
1326:
388:'s "General system theory and the unity of science" (pp. 313–322), Robert E. Bass's "Unity of nature" (pp. 323–327), and
3884:
3069:
2873:
1555:
1726:
3997:
2145:
3577:
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1263:
475:
54:. For example, in the first half of the 20th century the thesis was associated with the unity of science movement led by
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1909:
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1205:
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896:
855:
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356:(December 1951). "General system theory: a new approach to unity of science: 1. Problems of general system theory".
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3513:
729:
Nowhere does Piaget suggest that sociology can be reduced to psychology, but instead refers to 'psycho-sociology'.
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2213:
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that says that all the sciences form a unified whole. The variants of the thesis can be classified as
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1400:
533:
1046:
Individualism and the unity of science: essays on reduction, explanation, and the special sciences
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2002:
1992:
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59:
36:
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440:"The classification of psychology among the sciences from Francis Bacon to Boniface Kedrov"
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8:
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693:
Kitchener, Richard F. (September 1981). "The nature and scope of genetic epistemology".
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453:
367:
125:
74:
in "Special
Sciences (Or: The Disunity of Science as a Working Hypothesis)" (1974), by
51:
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1972:
838:. Logic, epistemology, and the unity of science. Vol. 18. Dordrecht; New York:
680:
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2007:
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1982:
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63:
1194:
Scientific pluralism reconsidered: a new approach to the (dis)unity of science
1168:
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1967:
1939:
1867:
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1215:
1115:
Pombo, Olga; Torres, Juan Manuel; Symons, John; Rahman, Shahid, eds. (2012).
1008:
865:
747:
739:
634:
384:
Bertallanfy's article was part of a section that also included, in response,
70:
in "Unity of
Science as a Working Hypothesis" (1958). It has been opposed by
67:
62:
in "General System Theory: A New
Approach to Unity of Science" (1951) and by
1107:
1069:
1034:
1000:
945:
877:. Cambridge elements in the philosophy of science. Cambridge, UK; New York:
754:. Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science. Vol. 2. Minneapolis:
589:
551:
484:
430:
83:
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3493:
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2344:
2172:
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2012:
1987:
1977:
1949:
1879:
1837:
1711:
1665:
1636:
1616:
811:
781:
612:
528:
The disorder of things: metaphysical foundations of the disunity of science
396:
379:
102:
88:
The
Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science
55:
982:
927:
887:
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2017:
1934:
1862:
1679:
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1621:
1571:
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1454:
1341:
1331:
969:
Emergence and convergence: qualitative novelty and the unity of knowledge
962:
794:
642:
571:
400:
115:
93:
71:
28:
1248:
1176:
763:
672:
647:"Special sciences (or: The disunity of science as a working hypothesis)"
457:
371:
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3542:
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1954:
1683:
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1234:
1155:
664:
646:
516:
389:
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716:
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2557:
2495:
2354:
2187:
1721:
1314:
1243:
412:
145:
47:
32:
439:
58:, and in the second half of the century the thesis was advocated by
3921:
2269:
1741:
1459:
708:
651:
3123:
1439:
31:(giving a unified account of the structure of reality) and/or as
3756:
2485:
1506:
42:
Early versions of the unity of science thesis can be found in
3024:
2123:
834:
Symons, John; Pombo, Olga; Torres, Juan Manuel, eds. (2011).
438:
Braun, Claude M. J.; Baribeau, Jacinthe M. C. (Summer 1984).
1080:(1995). "Energy systems and the unification of science". In
210:
1385:
234:
1244:
University of
Chicago Special Collections Research Center
392:'s "Comment on general system theory" (pp. 328–335).
318:
1240:
Guide to the Unity of
Science Movement Records 1934–1968
1013:
The disunity of science: boundaries, contexts, and power
918:. Phoenix, supplementary volume. Vol. 38. Toronto:
806:(in French). Lausanne: Édition La Concorde. p. 59.
1114:
1086:
Maximum power: the ideas and applications of H.T. Odum
222:
330:
270:
258:
173:
171:
3091:
1043:
966:
604:
598:
563:
525:
404:
306:
1148:"A Neurathian conception of the unity of science"
833:
294:
282:
216:
198:
188:
186:
168:
3974:
246:
787:
734:
686:
395:
240:
2650:Fourth Great Debate in international relations
183:
3957:
3077:
2602:
2139:
1264:
437:
324:
121:International Encyclopedia of Unified Science
3029:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2335:
1007:
752:Concepts, theories and the mind–body problem
39:in the ontology and/or practice of science.
352:
228:
3964:
3950:
3084:
3070:
2146:
2132:
1271:
1257:
973:. Toronto studies in philosophy. Toronto:
916:Aristotle's theory of the unity of science
744:"Unity of science as a working hypothesis"
596:
558:
276:
264:
2553:Relationship between religion and science
1927:
1890:Relationship between religion and science
1278:
1145:
1117:Special sciences and the unity of science
886:
692:
506:
336:
86:in "The Disunity of Science" (1983) and
2874:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
1041:
3975:
2229:Machian positivism (empirio-criticism)
913:
793:
312:
204:
3065:
2601:
2127:
1252:
1191:
961:
872:
836:Otto Neurath and the unity of science
641:
523:
483:
300:
288:
252:
177:
3916:
1076:
3578:Digital media use and mental health
3292:Sociology of the history of science
476:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
464:
192:
16:Theory in the philosophy of science
13:
2506:Nomothetic–idiographic distinction
1050:. Worldly philosophy. Lanham, MD:
954:
570:(3rd ed.). London; New York:
411:. A Bradford book. Cambridge, MA:
14:
4009:
3287:Sociology of scientific ignorance
3132:History and philosophy of science
3114:Economics of scientific knowledge
2834:The Logic of Scientific Discovery
2818:Materialism and Empirio-criticism
2674:The Course in Positive Philosophy
1910:Sociology of scientific knowledge
1905:Sociology of scientific ignorance
1858:History and philosophy of science
1224:
1015:. Writing science. Stanford, CA:
3920:
3880:
3879:
3854:
2107:
2095:
1011:; Stump, David J., eds. (1996).
2826:History and Class Consciousness
821:from the original on 2016-06-29
217:Symons, Pombo & Torres 2011
82:(1975) and later works, and by
3093:Science and technology studies
2690:Critical History of Philosophy
2153:
1299:Analytic–synthetic distinction
1198:University of Pittsburgh Press
1146:Potochnik, Angela (May 2011).
50:, and in the later history of
1:
2898:Knowledge and Human Interests
2234:Rankean historical positivism
788:Boyd, Gasper & Trout 1991
756:University of Minnesota Press
687:Boyd, Gasper & Trout 1991
611:. Cambridge, UK; Malden, MA:
345:
3936:. You can help Knowledge by
3640:Normalization process theory
3197:Philosophy of social science
3016:
2682:A General View of Positivism
1090:University Press of Colorado
445:Journal of Mind and Behavior
96:suggested, in his 1918 book
7:
3998:Philosophy of science stubs
2882:Conjectures and Refutations
2714:The Logic of Modern Physics
2531:Deductive-nomological model
1632:Hypothetico-deductive model
1607:Deductive-nomological model
1592:Constructivist epistemology
975:University of Toronto Press
920:University of Toronto Press
241:Oppenheim & Putnam 1958
108:
10:
4014:
3915:
3263:construction of technology
2842:The Poverty of Historicism
2738:The Universe in a Nutshell
2722:Language, Truth, and Logic
2706:The Analysis of Sensations
1192:Ruphy, Stéphanie (2016) .
879:Cambridge University Press
44:ancient Greek philosophers
3850:
3795:Politicization of science
3755:
3541:
3310:
3245:
3157:
3122:
3099:
3050:
2998:
2932:
2922:The Rhetoric of Economics
2809:
2748:
2665:
2612:
2608:
2603:Positivist-related debate
2597:
2424:
2393:
2308:
2252:
2196:
2165:
2161:
2086:
1918:
1820:
1750:
1693:Semantic view of theories
1612:Epistemological anarchism
1564:
1549:dependent and independent
1286:
1169:10.1007/s10670-010-9228-0
1129:10.1007/978-94-007-2030-5
1017:Stanford University Press
873:Tahko, Tuomas E. (2021).
848:10.1007/978-94-007-0143-4
600:"The disunity of science"
597:Feyerabend, Paul (2011).
508:10.1093/mind/XCII.367.321
489:"The disunity of science"
407:The philosophy of science
325:Braun & Baribeau 1984
3202:Philosophy of technology
2858:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
2575:Structural functionalism
2501:Naturalism in literature
1435:Intertheoretic reduction
1424:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
1401:Functional contextualism
1052:Rowman & Littlefield
1042:Kincaid, Harold (1997).
914:Wilson, Malcolm (2000).
534:Harvard University Press
452:(3): 245–259 (252–254).
162:
2985:Willard Van Orman Quine
2698:Idealism and Positivism
2290:Critique of metaphysics
2224:Sociological positivism
1920:Philosophers of science
1698:Scientific essentialism
1647:Model-dependent realism
1582:Constructive empiricism
1475:Evidence-based practice
1119:. Dordrecht; New York:
354:Bertalanffy, Ludwig von
3993:Metaphysics of science
3932:-related article is a
3275:Sociology of knowledge
3030:
2999:Concepts in contention
2640:
2630:
2620:
2511:Objectivity in science
2409:Non-Euclidean geometry
2375:Methodological dualism
2336:
2003:Alfred North Whitehead
1993:Charles Sanders Peirce
607:The tyranny of science
467:"The unity of science"
60:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
3988:Philosophy of science
3930:philosophy of science
3842:Transition management
3832:Technology assessment
3800:Regulation of science
3775:Evidence-based policy
3660:Sociotechnical system
3509:Traditional knowledge
3389:Psychology of science
3362:Mapping controversies
3268:shaping of technology
3227:Social constructivism
3192:Philosophy of science
3149:History of technology
2906:The Poverty of Theory
2526:Philosophy of science
2415:Uncertainty principle
2102:Philosophy portal
1853:Hard and soft science
1848:Faith and rationality
1717:Scientific skepticism
1497:Scientific Revolution
1280:Philosophy of science
983:10.3138/9781442674356
928:10.3138/9781442670990
888:10.1017/9781108581417
696:Philosophy of Science
479:(Fall 2017 ed.).
25:philosophy of science
3747:Women in engineering
3593:Financial technology
3573:Digital anthropology
3342:Criticism of science
3255:Actor–network theory
3217:Religion and science
3109:Economics of science
2914:The Scientific Image
2585:Structuration theory
2548:Qualitative research
2449:Criticism of science
2444:Critical rationalism
2380:Problem of induction
1828:Criticism of science
1703:Scientific formalism
1587:Constructive realism
1492:Scientific pluralism
1465:Problem of induction
1092:. pp. 365–372.
703:(3): 400–415 (413).
524:Dupré, John (1993).
3588:Engineering studies
3558:Cyborg anthropology
3347:Demarcation problem
3232:Social epistemology
2890:One-Dimensional Man
2338:Geisteswissenschaft
2321:Confirmation holism
1895:Rhetoric of science
1833:Descriptive science
1577:Confirmation holism
1470:Scientific evidence
1430:Inductive reasoning
1359:Demarcation problem
1082:Hall, Charles A. S.
465:Cat, Jordi (2017).
151:The central science
3868:History of science
3785:Funding of science
3655:Skunkworks project
3352:Double hermeneutic
3137:History of science
2965:Hans-Georg Gadamer
2766:Alexander Bogdanov
2642:Positivismusstreit
2437:Post-behavioralism
2401:history of science
2253:Principal concepts
2209:Logical positivism
2114:Science portal
2043:Carl Gustav Hempel
1998:Wilhelm Windelband
1885:Questionable cause
1708:Scientific realism
1529:Underdetermination
1364:Empirical evidence
1354:Creative synthesis
665:10.1007/BF00485230
399:; Gasper, Philip;
126:Logical positivism
52:Western philosophy
3945:
3944:
3910:
3909:
3837:Technology policy
3568:Dematerialization
3377:black swan events
3059:
3058:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
2940:Theodor W. Adorno
2756:Richard Avenarius
2632:Werturteilsstreit
2593:
2592:
2541:Sense-data theory
2239:Polish positivism
2214:Positivist school
2121:
2120:
1963:
1962:
1875:Normative science
1732:Uniformitarianism
1487:Scientific method
1381:Explanatory power
758:. pp. 3–36.
532:. Cambridge, MA:
4005:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3924:
3917:
3883:
3882:
3858:
3810:Right to science
3790:Horizon scanning
3765:Academic freedom
3665:Technical change
3526:Women in science
3521:Unity of science
3302:Strong programme
3086:
3079:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3035:
3021:
2945:Gaston Bachelard
2866:Truth and Method
2850:World Hypotheses
2730:The Two Cultures
2645:
2635:
2625:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2598:
2341:
2295:Unity of science
2204:Legal positivism
2163:
2162:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2073:Bas van Fraassen
2028:Hans Reichenbach
2008:Bertrand Russell
1925:
1924:
1751:Philosophy of...
1534:Unity of science
1327:Commensurability
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1231:Unity of Science
1219:
1188:
1152:
1142:
1111:
1073:
1049:
1038:
1004:
972:
949:
910:
890:
875:Unity of science
869:
830:
828:
826:
820:
805:
785:
731:
684:
645:(October 1974).
638:
610:
602:
593:
569:
560:Feyerabend, Paul
555:
531:
520:
510:
501:(367): 321–346.
480:
471:Zalta, Edward N.
461:
434:
410:
383:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
229:Bertalanffy 1951
226:
220:
214:
208:
202:
196:
190:
181:
175:
131:Special sciences
21:unity of science
4013:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3983:Science studies
3973:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3846:
3805:Research ethics
3751:
3650:Reverse salient
3544:
3537:
3313:
3306:
3297:Sociotechnology
3241:
3153:
3118:
3095:
3090:
3060:
3055:
3038:
2994:
2960:Paul Feyerabend
2955:Wilhelm Dilthey
2928:
2805:
2744:
2661:
2604:
2589:
2536:Ramsey sentence
2491:Instrumentalism
2420:
2398:
2396:paradigm shifts
2389:
2326:Critical theory
2304:
2300:Verificationism
2248:
2244:Russian Machism
2192:
2157:
2152:
2122:
2117:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2082:
2063:Paul Feyerabend
2023:Michael Polanyi
1959:
1945:Galileo Galilei
1914:
1900:Science studies
1816:
1746:
1737:Verificationism
1642:Instrumentalism
1627:Foundationalism
1602:Conventionalism
1560:
1396:Feminist method
1282:
1277:
1227:
1222:
1208:
1150:
1139:
1121:Springer-Verlag
1100:
1078:Odum, Howard T.
1062:
1027:
993:
957:
955:Further reading
952:
938:
899:
858:
840:Springer-Verlag
824:
822:
818:
803:
774:
736:Oppenheim, Paul
643:Fodor, Jerry A.
627:
582:
544:
423:
403:, eds. (1991).
348:
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156:Unified Science
136:Stanford School
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76:Paul Feyerabend
23:is a thesis in
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3815:Science policy
3812:
3807:
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3792:
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3782:
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3772:
3770:Digital divide
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3686:Technological
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3563:Design studies
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3372:Paradigm shift
3369:
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3251:
3249:
3243:
3242:
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3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Postpositivism
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3172:Antipositivism
3169:
3163:
3161:
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3146:
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3142:and technology
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2425:Related topics
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2331:Falsifiability
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2316:Antipositivism
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2048:W. V. O. Quine
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2020:
2015:
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1995:
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1983:Rudolf Steiner
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1973:Henri Poincaré
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1843:Exact sciences
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1821:Related topics
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1773:Space and time
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1391:Falsifiability
1388:
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1320:Mill's Methods
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1284:
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1247:
1246:
1237:
1226:
1225:External links
1223:
1221:
1220:
1206:
1196:. Pittsburgh:
1189:
1163:(3): 305–319.
1143:
1137:
1112:
1098:
1074:
1060:
1039:
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1009:Galison, Peter
1005:
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870:
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791:
772:
748:Feigl, Herbert
740:Putnam, Hilary
732:
709:10.1086/289007
690:
639:
626:978-0745651897
625:
594:
580:
566:Against method
556:
542:
521:
481:
462:
435:
421:
393:
386:Carl G. Hempel
366:(4): 302–312.
349:
347:
344:
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337:Kitchener 1981
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141:Systems theory
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110:
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105:to any other.
80:Against Method
64:Paul Oppenheim
15:
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3675:Technoscience
3673:
3671:
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3648:
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3645:Media studies
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3583:Early adopter
3581:
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3553:Co-production
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3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:communication
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3387:
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3384:Pseudoscience
3382:
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3368:
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3355:
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3332:Boundary-work
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3327:Bibliometrics
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3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3237:Transhumanism
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3001:
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2975:György Lukács
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2801:Vienna Circle
2799:
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2796:Berlin Circle
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:Eugen DĂĽhring
2774:
2772:
2771:Auguste Comte
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2666:Contributions
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2521:Phenomenalism
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2432:Behavioralism
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2285:Pseudoscience
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2280:Justification
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2033:Rudolf Carnap
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1968:Auguste Comte
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1940:Francis Bacon
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1868:Pseudoscience
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1727:Structuralism
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1597:Contextualism
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1088:. Niwot, CO:
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682:
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659:(2): 97–115.
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487:(July 1983).
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359:Human Biology
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68:Hilary Putnam
65:
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34:
30:
26:
22:
3938:expanding it
3927:
3912:
3890:Associations
3725:criticism of
3635:Leapfrogging
3618:linear model
3520:
3504:Team science
3494:Scientocracy
3417:Neo-colonial
3167:Anthropocene
2920:
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2696:
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2672:
2656:Science wars
2454:Epistemology
2385:Reflectivism
2345:Hermeneutics
2294:
2197:Declinations
2173:Antihumanism
2166:Perspectives
2078:Larry Laudan
2058:Imre Lakatos
2013:Otto Neurath
1988:Karl Pearson
1978:Pierre Duhem
1950:Isaac Newton
1880:Protoscience
1838:Epistemology
1712:Anti-realism
1710: /
1691: /
1682: /
1668: /
1666:Reductionism
1664: /
1637:Inductionism
1617:Evolutionism
1533:
1422:
1309:a posteriori
1308:
1304:
1193:
1160:
1154:
1116:
1085:
1045:
1012:
968:
963:Bunge, Mario
915:
874:
835:
823:. Retrieved
799:
795:Piaget, Jean
764:11299/184622
751:
728:
700:
694:
656:
650:
613:Polity Press
606:
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401:Trout, J. D.
363:
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272:
260:
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236:
224:
212:
200:
180:, p. 4.
97:
92:
87:
79:
56:Otto Neurath
41:
20:
18:
3735:theories of
3720:and society
3716:Technology
3710:transitions
3700:determinism
3695:convergence
3670:Technocracy
3452:controversy
3438:Scientific
3422:post-normal
3367:Metascience
3337:Consilience
3322:Antiscience
3187:Neo-Luddism
3182:Fuzzy logic
3011:Objectivity
2980:Karl Popper
2970:Thomas Kuhn
2950:Mario Bunge
2701:(1879–1884)
2636:(1909–1959)
2370:Metaphysics
2350:Historicism
2265:Demarcation
2260:Consilience
2183:Rationalism
2068:Ian Hacking
2053:Thomas Kuhn
2038:Karl Popper
2018:C. D. Broad
1935:Roger Bacon
1863:Non-science
1805:Linguistics
1785:Archaeology
1680:Rationalism
1670:Determinism
1657:Physicalism
1622:Fallibilism
1572:Coherentism
1502:Testability
1455:Observation
1450:Objectivity
1411:alternative
1342:Correlation
1332:Consilience
615:. pp.
485:Dupré, John
313:Piaget 1918
205:Wilson 2000
116:Consilience
94:Jean Piaget
72:Jerry Fodor
29:ontological
3977:Categories
3873:Technology
3825:science of
3820:history of
3705:revolution
3613:disruptive
3603:Innovation
3598:Hype cycle
3543:Technology
3514:ecological
3487:skepticism
3477:misconduct
3462:enterprise
3280:scientific
3207:Positivism
3177:Empiricism
3159:Philosophy
2791:Ernst Mach
2786:Ernst Laas
2761:A. J. Ayer
2749:Proponents
2568:Philosophy
2365:Humanities
2309:Antitheses
2178:Empiricism
2155:Positivism
1955:David Hume
1928:Precursors
1810:Psychology
1790:Economics‎
1684:Empiricism
1675:Pragmatism
1662:Positivism
1652:Naturalism
1522:scientific
1406:Hypothesis
1369:Experiment
1235:PhilPapers
1156:Erkenntnis
1099:0870813625
1061:0847686620
1026:0804724369
992:0802088600
937:0802047963
907:1204142197
825:9 February
581:086091481X
543:0674212606
422:0262023156
390:Hans Jonas
346:References
301:Dupré 1993
289:Dupré 1983
253:Fodor 1974
178:Tahko 2021
84:John Dupré
3780:Factor 10
3608:diffusion
3447:consensus
3442:community
3407:education
3247:Sociology
3222:Scientism
3101:Economics
3032:Verstehen
3018:Phronesis
3006:Knowledge
2990:Max Weber
2810:Criticism
2558:Sociology
2496:Modernism
2474:pluralism
2459:anarchism
2355:Historism
2275:Induction
2188:Scientism
1795:Geography
1763:Chemistry
1722:Scientism
1517:ladenness
1337:Construct
1315:Causality
1216:951158157
1185:143918932
866:723045353
800:Recherche
725:144785292
635:668946683
562:(1993) .
413:MIT Press
146:Tektology
98:Recherche
48:Aristotle
37:pluralism
33:epistemic
3900:Scholars
3895:Journals
3885:Category
3859:Portals
3740:transfer
3730:dynamics
3680:feminist
3482:priority
3467:literacy
3427:rhetoric
3393:Science
3357:Logology
3053:Category
2469:nihilism
2464:idealism
2394:Related
2270:Evidence
2090:Category
1742:Vitalism
1565:Theories
1539:Variable
1460:Paradigm
1347:function
1305:A priori
1294:Analysis
1287:Concepts
1177:41476691
1108:31436211
1070:36817265
1035:32468580
1001:52411064
965:(2003).
946:43634904
816:Archived
797:(1918).
742:(1958).
681:46979938
673:20114958
652:Synthese
590:29026104
552:25746325
458:43853037
431:22597466
380:14907026
372:41448003
193:Cat 2017
109:See also
90:(1993).
46:such as
3863:Science
3545:studies
3457:dissent
3397:citizen
3314:studies
3312:Science
3259:Social
3124:History
2933:Critics
2658:(1990s)
2652:(1980s)
2646:(1960s)
2626:(1890s)
2479:realism
2411:(1830s)
2399:in the
1800:History
1768:Physics
1758:Biology
1556:more...
1544:control
1440:Inquiry
1242:at the
1084:(ed.).
812:2565864
782:2669746
750:(ed.).
517:2253810
473:(ed.).
103:reduced
3757:Policy
3690:change
3623:system
3472:method
3412:normal
2925:(1986)
2917:(1980)
2909:(1978)
2901:(1968)
2893:(1964)
2885:(1963)
2877:(1962)
2869:(1960)
2861:(1951)
2853:(1942)
2845:(1936)
2837:(1934)
2829:(1923)
2821:(1909)
2741:(2001)
2733:(1959)
2725:(1936)
2717:(1927)
2709:(1886)
2693:(1869)
2685:(1848)
2677:(1830)
2613:Method
2486:Holism
2417:(1927)
1512:choice
1507:Theory
1445:Nature
1374:design
1214:
1204:
1183:
1175:
1135:
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999:
989:
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717:186987
715:
679:
671:
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429:
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378:
370:
3928:This
3025:Truth
1181:S2CID
1173:JSTOR
1151:(PDF)
819:(PDF)
804:(PDF)
746:. In
721:S2CID
713:JSTOR
677:S2CID
669:JSTOR
617:32–63
572:Verso
513:JSTOR
469:. In
454:JSTOR
368:JSTOR
163:Notes
3934:stub
3628:user
3531:STEM
3432:wars
1416:null
1386:Fact
1307:and
1212:OCLC
1202:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1104:OCLC
1094:ISBN
1066:OCLC
1056:ISBN
1031:OCLC
1021:ISBN
997:OCLC
987:ISBN
942:OCLC
932:ISBN
903:OCLC
893:ISBN
862:OCLC
852:ISBN
827:2017
808:OCLC
778:OCLC
768:ISBN
631:OCLC
621:ISBN
586:OCLC
576:ISBN
548:OCLC
538:ISBN
494:Mind
427:OCLC
417:ISBN
376:PMID
66:and
19:The
1233:at
1165:doi
1125:doi
979:doi
924:doi
883:doi
844:doi
760:hdl
705:doi
661:doi
503:doi
78:in
3979::
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1159:.
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185:^
170:^
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