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Universal football

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243:– the motivation of the NSWRL and AFC to unify the Australian football codes was heightened. Many administrators from both sports supported an amalgamation. Sportswriters noted that there was a mutual financial benefit to the AFC and the NSWRL, which was considered to be the chief motivation for progressing towards amalgamation: the NSWRL had only one meaningful interstate rival (Queensland), and its tours to England generally lost money, so having more interstate rivals would generate additional interest and gate takings; the AFC also had the opportunity to gain additional interstate and international rivals; the AFC would gain the benefit of the strong financial position of the NSWRL; and amalgamation would put an end to the outflow of money which each body had expended attempting unsuccessfully to promote its code in the other's territory. Sportswriters were divided on whether or not English administrators would support adopting the changes globally, with the main argument in favour being that English sides had made strong profits when touring Australasia and that they may seek to preserve that capability. Many sportswriters, among them respected Australian rules football sportswriters 338:
scrum with the ball-up and throw-in, and require the try-scorer to take his own conversion kicks. The NSWRL approved these changes to its rules immediately, conditional on the AFC also approving; but administrative procedures within the AFC meant that each of the Australian rules football state leagues needed to hold its own vote on the matter before the majority position of the AFC delegates would be known – the time required to stage these state votes, and then convene another meeting of AFC delegates to formalise a combined vote (in an era when interstate travel was by rail or ship) meant that any changes to the rules would be delayed from being put into practice until at least 1916.
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therefore could not approve them; the NSWRL's conditional approval of changes to its rules lapsed, and any efforts towards amalgamation were put on hold indefinitely. In its first post-war meeting in December 1919, the AFC discussed whether or not to revive the issue of amalgamation, but owing to improved popularity of rugby league in New South Wales, Queensland and England since the war, decided that it would not consider amalgamation any further unless approached again on the issue by the NSWRL. This never happened, and the two sports progressed on separate paths thereafter. The proposed amalgamation, however was to contribute directly to the demise of
401:), both of whom had been involved in 1914. A code of rules mostly unchanged from 1914 was prepared. Key differences or clarifications were: the game was to be played 14-a-side; the off-side rules of rugby were resolved formally to apply within 35 yards of the goals but not elsewhere on the field; knocking-on was permitted from a ball-up but not in general play; and scoring was adjusted such that a try was worth three points and all goals worth two, consistent with rugby league scoring at the time. 449:
for any length of time after the ball was legally dropped, a free kick for holding the man would be paid. In practice, holding the man free kicks were applied so stringently that any attempt to make a rugby-style tackle would end in a holding the man free kick after the ball was dropped, so tackling had virtually disappeared from the game. The proposal to allow rugby-style tackling allowed for a player to complete a fair tackle without being penalised.
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for the Australian code to be played only in Australia, Hickey believed in promoting Universal Football to nations outside Australia in preference to Australian Football particularly North America, England, the United States and had particularly strong support from the AFC's New Zealand and New South Wales delegates who faced increasing competition from the rugby codes.
325:– a concept fundamental to rugby league and fundamentally absent from Australian rules football. The conference did not settle on a definitive hybrid solution for the offside issue, but early proposals were for the offside rule to be in effect in the forward quarters of the field, but not in effect elsewhere on the field. 334:
potential for complete hybridisation as early as 1916; although it was thought by some observers that a gradual hybridisation under which annual rule changes which brought the codes progressively closer together over five to ten years until the two codes were uniform might be a more realistic approach.
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rules in place at that time, if a player in possession of the ball was "caught" – which could mean tackled, held or sometimes even just touched by an opponent – he had to drop the ball immediately or a free kick would be paid for holding the ball; however, if the opponent continued to hold the player
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The war effort ultimately precluded any further meetings of AFC delegates. As such, even though gaining the requisite three-quarters majority support for the new rules appeared at worst to be an even chance, the AFC never had the opportunity to put the rule changes to a formal vote of delegates, and
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The initial set of changes slated in November 1914 for the 1915 season were: Australian rules football would add the crossbar to its goalposts over which goals were to be kicked, would disallow forward handpasses or knock-ons, and adopt the stronger tackling rules; and rugby league would replace the
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was a small and new code at the time, prominent only in northern England since 1895 and in Australasia for only a few years, so major rule changes which could be adopted worldwide were still a possibility. However, there was no action resolved from this initial conference. With the AFC's preference
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known then as the "father of Australian Football" visited London where he proposed unifying Australian rules with Rugby under a set of hybrid rules and suggested that rugby clubs adopt some of the Victorian Rules. Football officials were insulted at the suggestion that they "abandon their rules to
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The progress at the conference was strong and amalgamation between the two sports looked likely. The conference concluded that some changes would be made to both codes in 1915 to bring them closer together, with a view to also playing exhibition matches of a fully hybridised code in 1915 with the
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The game would be played on a rectangular field 160 yards long and 100 yards wide – similar in size to an Australian rules football field, and the same shape as but much larger than a rugby league field. There would be a distance of 140 yards between the goal lines, with a 10 yard in-goal area at
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Shortly following the trial, delegates from the NSWRL – many of whom had been opposed to the trial in the first place – formally voted that it would not proceed any further with universal football. The concept has never since been revisited. The regional division between the preeminence of rugby
159:'s Victorian Association (Australian Rules) clubs and the two Brisbane rugby clubs Rangers and Bonnet Rouge experimented with mixed rules to compete against each other, however it was ultimately deemed a failure, with clubs instead opting to co-operate until the growing rift caused the 416:
some New South Wales rugby league players. The pace of the game was noted as being very fast, and that some of the play was quite spectacular, but the players' unfamiliarity with the rules meant the trial did not give a truly fair assessment of the potential of the game.
251:, criticised the administrative bodies for putting their financial considerations ahead of the quality of the respective games, and predicted that fans across Australia would react negatively to changes to their favoured codes. 128:, proposed at different times between 1908 and 1933 as a potential national football code to be played throughout Australia and New Zealand. The game was trialled, but it was never otherwise played in any regular competition. 189:
The idea of combining the two sports to create a "universal football" code to be played throughout Australia, and potentially around the world, arose at around the same time as rugby league began in Australia.
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There would be a set of rugby-style goal posts on each goal line, with two uprights 18 feet apart and a crossbar 10 feet high. A goal would have to pass between the uprights and over the crossbar to count.
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A deliberate kick for goal or conversion would be taken by the player who marked the ball or scored the try as in Australian rules, rather than by a designated goalkicker as in rugby league.
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The furthest progressed attempt to develop a universal football code took place in 1914–15. Following two major football events in Sydney during mid-1914 – the
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The most significant sticking point to developing the hybrid code, and indeed the most significant difference between rugby and Australian rules gameplay, was
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The game would be played fifteen players per side – compared with thirteen per side in rugby league and eighteen per side in Australian rules football.
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The concept was revisited briefly in 1933, in large part through the enthusiasm of long-serving secretaries Harold R. Miller (of the NSWRL) and
365:, when discussing the rule changes in March 1915, decided against providing any decision on the matter due to the war, and the positions of the 421:
league in the north and east Australia and Australian rules football in the rest of the country, sometimes characterised in the context of the
301:, by which the umpire bounces the ball into the air, within the field of play or a boundary throw-in by the umpire from outside the touch line. 1666: 1641: 259:
A conference was held in November 1914 and a preliminary code of rules was drawn up. Key features of the proposed rules were as follows:
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which was being held in Sydney at the time. The game was played at reduced 12-a-side numbers by members of the visiting
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Tackling was not a common feature of Australian rules football at the time, although it was permissible. Under the
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was not involved in the amalgamation discussions at all, having been neither consulted nor notified by the NSWRL.
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The rugby league scrum would be abolished, and play would be restarted by Australian rules football means: a
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Grounding the ball in the team's defensive in-goal area for a "touch-down" or "force" – one point conceded
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A private trial match with only NSWRL and AFC officials present was held on 11 August 1933 at the
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Over the early months of 1915, the issue was discussed at state league general meetings, with the
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The methods of scoring, which combined scoring methods from both parent codes, would be:
148:, had been the dominant code in New South Wales throughout the same time. In Queensland, 361:
was escalating, and football was increasingly becoming secondary to the war effort. The
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FOOTBALL AMALGAMATION. AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME XLV, ISSUE 276, 19 NOVEMBER 1914, PAGE 6
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THE NEWER FOOTBALL. SUN (CHRISTCHURCH), VOLUME I, ISSUE 311, 5 FEBRUARY 1915, PAGE 2
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The game would be played with an oval shaped ball, which was common to both sports.
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Pivot (28 November 1914). "Football amalgamation – Australian and rugby codes".
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with the perception of Rugby League taking over the sport of Australian rules.
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Tackling between the hips and shoulders would be permitted, as in rugby league.
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AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME XLV, ISSUE 290, 5 DECEMBER 1914, PAGE 2 (SUPPLEMENT)
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The first conference addressing the matter was held in 1908 between the
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code with its introduction from northern England to Australia in 1907.
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Rover (28 September 1908). "Retrospect of the football season".
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AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME XXVI, ISSUE 4533, 9 DECEMBER 1884, PAGE 2
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One of the earliest mentions of a hybrid code was in 1874 when
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Aus. (12 February 1915). "Football – New game explained".
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Goal from a mark or free kick, or a conversion – one point
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Grounding the ball in team's attacking in-goal area for a
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Throwing the ball as in rugby league would be permitted
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Boundary (1 May 1915). "Football – Australian game".
659:"Football amalgamation – Sydney league favourable". 202:(NSWRL), led by the league's founding administrator 591:J. W. (24 April 1915). "The amalgamation scheme". 357:approving in April. At the same time, fighting in 241:1914 Australian rules football interstate carnival 206:, and Australian rules football officials, led by 549:. Melbourne, VIC. 15 August 1914. pp. 20–21. 3559: 648:. Broken Hill, NSW. 21 November 1914. p. 8. 562: 560: 558: 556: 487:"Universal Football – conference in Melbourne". 663:. Melbourne, VIC. 25 November 1914. p. 11. 182:code was usurped by the newer and professional 924:. Melbourne, VIC. 29 December 1919. p. 5. 804:. Melbourne, VIC. 30 December 1919. p. 7. 283:– three points plus an attempt at a conversion 1913: 1755: 946: 907:Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate 855: 853: 842:"One common code of football for Australia". 624: 622: 620: 553: 410:Australian rules football interstate carnival 909:. Newcastle, NSW. 15 August 1933. p. 8. 879:. Port Pirie, SA. 12 August 1933. p. 1. 696:. Melbourne, VIC. 17 April 1915. p. 12. 672: 670: 613:. Melbourne, VIC. 16 April 1915. p. 12. 711:. Sydney, NSW. 2 February 1915. p. 10. 681:. Adelaide, SA. 23 January 1915. p. 7. 545:"Football carnival – Queensland defeated". 165:Queensland Football Association (1880-1890) 1920: 1906: 1762: 1748: 953: 939: 890:"The new game – trial matches in Sydney". 864:. Sydney, NSW. 12 August 1933. p. 14. 850: 795: 793: 784:Gympie Times and Mary River Mining Gazette 617: 609:"Practice games – the amalgamation idea". 534:– via National Library of Australia. 314:would not be permitted, as in rugby league 286:Goal scored from general play – two points 894:. Burnie, TAS. 12 August 1933. p. 7. 756:. Sydney, NSW. 17 April 1915. p. 20. 667: 491:. Boulder, WA. 20 August 1908. p. 3. 414:Queensland Australian rules football team 771:. Hobart, TAS. 30 March 1915. p. 8. 736: 383:Australian rules football in New Zealand 353:rejecting the changes in March, and the 328: 150:Australian rules was originally dominant 3568:Variations of Australian rules football 846:. Sydney, NSW. 20 July 1933. p. 1. 790: 222:– rugby league as a code distinct from 3560: 220:1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain 1901: 1743: 934: 726:. Perth, WA. 4 March 1915. p. 4. 590: 566: 501: 237:Great Britain Lions rugby league tour 860:"Football codes – conference ends". 628: 604: 602: 586: 584: 582: 580: 578: 399:Australian National Football Council 167:and ultimately become more popular. 34:Australian National Football Council 2615:Indigenous North American stickball 230: 178:The preeminence of the traditional 16:Proposed football code in Australia 13: 960: 193: 144:, which originated in the English 14: 3599: 1769: 920:"Australasian Football Council". 599: 575: 254: 116:was the name given to a proposed 343:South Australian Football League 3583:Sports originating in Australia 1927: 913: 898: 883: 868: 835: 826: 817: 808: 800:"Australian Football Council". 775: 760: 745: 730: 715: 700: 685: 652: 637: 388: 351:West Australian Football League 347:New South Wales Football League 1802:Composite rules shinty–hurling 1719:Attempts to ban football games 1698:Australian rules football card 538: 510: 495: 480: 471: 460: 436: 425:, persists to the modern day. 1: 571:. Melbourne, VIC. p. 21. 454: 216:Northern Rugby Football Union 208:Australasian Football Council 131: 2289:International rules football 1827:International rules football 1672:Rugby league and rugby union 428: 200:New South Wales Rugby League 175:oblige an Antipodean game". 38:New South Wales Rugby League 7: 1662:Gaelic and Australian rules 1647:Association and rugby union 782:"Queensland Rugby League". 722:"Meeting of the W.A.F.L.". 136:By the early 20th century, 10: 3604: 3573:Variations of rugby league 506:. Adelaide, SA. p. 2. 371:Goldfields Football League 367:Queensland Football League 345:approving in January, the 3467: 3417: 3389: 3257: 3083: 2907: 2814: 2682: 2575: 2566: 2531: 2413: 2322: 2268: 2202: 2150:Australian rules football 2078: 2067: 1972: 1963: 1935: 1777: 1711: 1693:Association football card 1680: 1652:Canadian and rugby league 1632:American and rugby league 1619: 1571: 1478: 1453: 1415: 1406: 1343: 1312: 1190: 1120: 1077: 968: 862:The Sydney Morning Herald 754:The Sydney Morning Herald 752:"Australian rules game". 709:The Sydney Morning Herald 707:"Football amalgamation". 363:Tasmanian Football League 355:Victorian Football League 138:Australian rules football 122:Australian rules football 103: 95: 90: 80: 72: 64: 56: 51: 43: 26: 1657:Canadian and rugby union 1637:American and rugby union 875:"New game of football". 644:"Rival football games". 741:. Perth, WA. p. 9. 633:. Perth, WA. p. 8. 375:Queensland Rugby League 349:approving in February, 163:to break away from the 1688:American football card 1667:Gaelic and rugby union 1642:Association and futsal 99:Australia, New Zealand 96:Country or region 3468:Other non-ball sports 3427:Synchronized swimming 3009:Mesoamerican ballgame 2194:Circle rules football 1627:American and Canadian 692:"National football". 329:Proposed amalgamation 3537:Synchronized skating 2083:Association football 1501:English school games 518:"UNIVERSAL FOOTBALL" 373:were not known. The 161:Northern Rugby Union 3432:Underwater football 2532:Other related codes 2324:Medieval/historical 1729:Oldest competitions 1373:International rules 739:The West Australian 724:The West Australian 677:"Football reform". 310:Forward passes and 29:governing body 23: 3259:Net and wall games 2405:Uppies and downies 2309:Universal football 2160:Lightning football 1882:Universal football 1561:Uppies and Downies 1092:Lightning football 114:Universal football 22:Universal football 21: 3555: 3554: 3490:Combat (juggling) 3228:British baseball 3079: 3078: 2908:Other ball sports 2903: 2902: 2801:Underwater hockey 2562: 2561: 2345:Calcio fiorentino 2260:Canadian football 2213:American football 1895: 1894: 1737: 1736: 1496:Calcio Fiorentino 1474: 1473: 631:Westralian Worker 450: 406:Sydney Showground 111: 110: 3595: 3437:Underwater rugby 3232:English baseball 3054:Valencian pilota 2845:Hobby horse polo 2573: 2572: 2400:Royal Shrovetide 2304:Swedish football 2076: 2075: 1970: 1969: 1945:Governing bodies 1922: 1915: 1908: 1899: 1898: 1764: 1757: 1750: 1741: 1740: 1712:Related articles 1601:Australian rules 1556:Royal Shrovetide 1413: 1412: 1079:Australian rules 955: 948: 941: 932: 931: 926: 925: 917: 911: 910: 902: 896: 895: 887: 881: 880: 872: 866: 865: 857: 848: 847: 839: 833: 830: 824: 821: 815: 812: 806: 805: 797: 788: 787: 779: 773: 772: 764: 758: 757: 749: 743: 742: 734: 728: 727: 719: 713: 712: 704: 698: 697: 689: 683: 682: 674: 665: 664: 656: 650: 649: 641: 635: 634: 626: 615: 614: 606: 597: 596: 593:The Australasian 588: 573: 572: 564: 551: 550: 542: 536: 535: 533: 531: 514: 508: 507: 499: 493: 492: 489:The Evening Star 484: 478: 475: 469: 464: 442:holding the ball 439: 434: 397:(of the renamed 231:1914–15 proposal 210:(AFC) president 24: 20: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3551: 3463: 3413: 3409:World Chase Tag 3385: 3309:Football tennis 3253: 3137:Danish longball 3086: 3075: 2945:Ballon au poing 2940:Balle à la main 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2273: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2255:Arena football 2252: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2209: 2207: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2079: 2073: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1976: 1974: 1967: 1965:Invasion games 1961: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1950:National sport 1947: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1910: 1902: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1767: 1766: 1759: 1752: 1744: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1349: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1196: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1126: 1124: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1083: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1000: 990: 985: 980: 974: 972: 966: 965: 962:Football codes 958: 957: 950: 943: 935: 928: 927: 912: 897: 882: 867: 849: 834: 825: 816: 807: 789: 774: 759: 744: 729: 714: 699: 684: 666: 651: 636: 616: 598: 574: 552: 537: 509: 494: 479: 470: 467:AFL Queensland 458: 456: 453: 452: 451: 430: 427: 390: 387: 330: 327: 319: 318: 315: 308: 305: 302: 295: 294: 293: 290: 287: 284: 274: 271: 268: 265: 256: 255:Proposed rules 253: 232: 229: 204:J. J. Giltinan 195: 192: 172:H C A Harrison 142:Rugby football 133: 130: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 68:14–15 per side 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 49: 48: 45: 44:First proposed 41: 40: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3600: 3589: 3588:Hybrid sports 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3167:Over-the-line 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3082: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2840:Elephant polo 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2796:Street hockey 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2769:Roller hockey 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2466:American flag 2464: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2128:roller soccer 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2108:Indoor soccer 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1973:Basket sports 1971: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1771:Hybrid sports 1765: 1760: 1758: 1753: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1479:Ancient games 1477: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1247:American flag 1245: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 975: 973: 971: 967: 963: 956: 951: 949: 944: 942: 937: 936: 933: 923: 916: 908: 901: 893: 886: 878: 871: 863: 856: 854: 845: 838: 829: 820: 811: 803: 796: 794: 785: 778: 770: 763: 755: 748: 740: 733: 725: 718: 710: 703: 695: 688: 680: 673: 671: 662: 655: 647: 646:Barrier Miner 640: 632: 625: 623: 621: 612: 605: 603: 594: 587: 585: 583: 581: 579: 570: 563: 561: 559: 557: 548: 541: 525: 524: 519: 513: 505: 498: 490: 483: 474: 468: 463: 459: 447: 443: 438: 433: 432: 426: 424: 418: 415: 411: 408:, during the 407: 402: 400: 396: 386: 384: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 335: 326: 324: 316: 313: 309: 306: 303: 300: 296: 291: 288: 285: 282: 278: 277: 275: 272: 269: 266: 262: 261: 260: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 228: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 191: 187: 185: 181: 176: 173: 168: 166: 162: 158: 153: 151: 147: 143: 139: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 106: 102: 98: 94: 89: 86: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 50: 46: 42: 39: 35: 32: 30: 25: 19: 3532:Roller derby 3459:Yacht racing 3419:Water sports 3339:Sepak takraw 3329:Newcomb ball 3085:Bat-and-ball 2955:Longue paume 2950:Jeu de paume 2727:Floor hockey 2715:Field hockey 2424:Rugby league 2308: 2113:minifootball 2093:beach soccer 1955:Sportspeople 1881: 1862:Sepak takraw 1797:Chess boxing 1724:Oldest clubs 1606:Rugby league 1551:Old Division 1440:Rugby league 1392: 1345:Hybrid codes 1320:Circle rules 1015:Keepie uppie 921: 915: 906: 900: 891: 885: 876: 870: 861: 843: 837: 828: 819: 810: 801: 783: 777: 768: 762: 753: 747: 738: 732: 723: 717: 708: 702: 693: 687: 679:The Register 678: 660: 654: 645: 639: 630: 610: 592: 568: 546: 540: 528:. Retrieved 521: 512: 503: 497: 488: 482: 473: 462: 437: 423:Barassi Line 419: 403: 392: 389:1933 revisit 379: 340: 336: 332: 320: 258: 245:Jack Worrall 234: 197: 188: 184:rugby league 177: 169: 154: 146:Rugby School 135: 126:rugby league 118:hybrid sport 113: 112: 65:Team members 60:Full contact 18: 3522:Makura-Nage 3374:pioneerball 3304:Footbag net 3244:Wiffle ball 2935:Gain-ground 2930:Flickerball 2890:Segway polo 2830:Cowboy polo 2693:Ball hockey 2650:intercrosse 2461:Rugby union 2294:Samoa rules 2170:Nine-a-side 2165:Metro footy 1929:Team sports 1872:Tennis polo 1857:Samoa rules 1847:Parahawking 1792:Boston game 1681:Memorabilia 1620:Comparisons 1611:Rugby union 1596:Association 1445:Rugby union 1423:Association 1409:regulations 1378:Samoa rules 1358:Boston game 1313:Other codes 1102:Nine-a-side 1097:Metro footy 1064:Three-sided 1049:Rush goalie 993:Five-a-side 970:Association 769:The Mercury 530:14 November 359:World War I 224:rugby union 180:rugby union 3562:Categories 3542:Tug of war 3500:wheelchair 3452:inner tube 3442:Water polo 3391:Tag sports 3349:Volleyball 3314:Footvolley 3182:Schlagball 3071:Yukigassen 3066:Whirlyball 3044:Tchoukball 3039:Tamburello 3019:Prisonball 2987:wheelchair 2920:Cycle ball 2885:Polocrosse 2870:Arena polo 2835:Cycle polo 2752:ice sledge 2737:Ice hockey 2640:box/indoor 2625:Knattleikr 2554:Yubi lakpi 2523:Wheelchair 2454:wheelchair 2390:Marn grook 2385:Lelo burti 2248:wheelchair 2123:powerchair 2118:paralympic 2042:wheelchair 2005:wheelchair 1980:Basketball 1852:Polocrosse 1822:Footvolley 1703:Rugby card 1521:Marn Grook 1363:Eton field 1335:Lelo burti 1304:Wheelchair 1230:Wheelchair 1170:Wheelchair 1112:Variations 1032:Powerchair 1027:Paralympic 523:The Empire 455:References 395:Con Hickey 212:Con Hickey 132:Background 3527:Paintball 3512:Hornussen 3480:Bo-taoshi 3344:Throwball 3277:Bossaball 3214:Town ball 3209:Stoolball 3204:Stickball 3192:Fastpitch 3172:Pesäpallo 3105:Brännboll 3100:Baseball5 3034:Roll ball 3029:Quidditch 2925:Dodgeball 2915:Angleball 2879:Snow polo 2850:Horseball 2825:Auto polo 2732:Floorball 2710:Broomball 2549:Jegichagi 2544:Kī-o-rahi 2370:Harpastum 2299:Speedball 2218:eight-man 2175:Rec footy 2098:freestyle 2012:Cestoball 1807:Disc golf 1787:Bossaball 1511:Harpastum 1506:Episkyros 1466:Sheffield 1461:Cambridge 1407:Rules and 1393:Universal 1383:Speedball 1368:Eton wall 1150:Seven-man 1135:Eight-man 1107:Rec footy 1039:Jorkyball 1010:Freestyle 611:The Argus 429:Footnotes 312:knock-ons 264:each end. 81:Equipment 3547:Ultimate 3485:Buzkashi 3369:standing 3282:Fistball 3249:Wireball 3187:Softball 3177:Rounders 3147:Kickball 3130:Twenty20 3110:Corkball 3095:Baseball 3059:Llargues 3024:Pushball 2999:Kin-Ball 2967:Handball 2962:Goalball 2895:Yak polo 2855:Motoball 2764:Rinkball 2759:Ringette 2635:Lacrosse 2604:Super11s 2590:Gateball 2380:La soule 2326:football 2228:nine-man 2204:Gridiron 2143:teqball‎ 2069:Football 2059:Slamball 2054:Ringball 2022:Korfball 1867:SlamBall 1837:Korfball 1817:Footgolf 1579:American 1526:Medieval 1516:La soule 1433:American 1428:Gridiron 1182:Canadian 1145:Nine-man 1130:American 1122:Gridiron 892:Advocate 877:Recorder 369:and the 239:and the 170:In 1884 157:Brisbane 104:Obsolete 91:Presence 85:Football 27:Highest 3495:Curling 3475:Airsoft 3404:Kho kho 3399:Kabaddi 3364:sitting 3272:Biribol 3224:Vitilla 3197:16-inch 3157:Matball 3120:One Day 3115:Cricket 2994:Kaatsen 2875:Chovgan 2774:in-line 2662:Ritinis 2655:women's 2600:Camogie 2595:Hurling 2429:masters 2350:Camping 2335:Ba game 2233:six-man 2187:Ladies' 2088:amputee 2049:Rezball 2027:Netball 2017:Dueball 1877:Teqball 1572:History 1536:Camping 1388:Swedish 1205:Masters 1155:Six-man 1069:Walking 1020:Footbag 978:Amputee 922:The Age 844:Referee 802:The Age 694:The Age 661:The Age 323:offside 299:ball-up 57:Contact 3517:Jereed 3359:indoor 3334:Peteca 3319:Jianzi 3219:Vigoro 3004:Lagori 2818:sports 2791:Shinny 2720:indoor 2686:sports 2684:Hockey 2667:Shinty 2630:Knotty 2620:Iomain 2585:Cammag 2569:sports 2481:sevens 2444:sevens 2375:Kemari 2355:Cnapan 2314:Volata 2279:Austus 2270:Hybrid 2238:sprint 2138:street 2103:futsal 2037:indoor 1887:Volata 1842:Padbol 1832:Iomain 1782:Austus 1589:Modern 1541:Cnapan 1454:Former 1416:Modern 1398:Volata 1353:Austus 1330:Harrow 1325:Gaelic 1262:Sevens 1220:Sevens 1200:League 1160:Sprint 1059:Street 1044:Roller 1003:Indoor 998:Futsal 569:Leader 547:Leader 3447:canoe 3354:beach 3324:Jokgu 3297:Rugby 3287:Fives 3152:Lapta 3087:games 3049:Ulama 2982:field 2977:Czech 2972:beach 2747:power 2698:Bandy 2645:field 2580:Bando 2518:Touch 2501:touch 2496:Tambo 2471:beach 2439:nines 2417:codes 2415:Rugby 2328:codes 2272:codes 2243:touch 2206:codes 2133:socca 2072:codes 2032:Fast5 2000:water 1985:beach 1940:Sport 1584:Early 1299:Touch 1294:Tambo 1277:Touch 1252:Beach 1242:Union 1215:Nines 1192:Rugby 1177:Arena 1165:Touch 1054:Swamp 983:Beach 76:Field 3507:Guts 3379:snow 3292:Eton 3162:Oină 3125:Test 2865:Polo 2860:Pato 2816:Polo 2779:quad 2742:pond 2703:rink 2539:Cuju 2506:tens 2486:snow 2476:mini 2365:Cuju 2340:Caid 2223:flag 2155:AFLX 1990:deaf 1491:Cuju 1486:Caid 1282:Tens 1267:Snow 1257:Mini 1140:Flag 1087:AFLX 988:Crab 532:2021 247:and 124:and 73:Type 47:1908 36:and 2491:tag 2449:tag 2434:mod 1995:3x3 1272:Tag 1225:Tag 1210:Mod 281:try 120:of 107:Yes 3564:: 1531:Ba 852:^ 792:^ 669:^ 619:^ 601:^ 577:^ 555:^ 520:. 435:1. 2511:X 1921:e 1914:t 1907:v 1763:e 1756:t 1749:v 1287:X 954:e 947:t 940:v 444:–

Index

governing body
Australian National Football Council
New South Wales Rugby League
Football
hybrid sport
Australian rules football
rugby league
Australian rules football
Rugby football
Rugby School
Australian rules was originally dominant
Brisbane
Northern Rugby Union
Queensland Football Association (1880-1890)
H C A Harrison
rugby union
rugby league
New South Wales Rugby League
J. J. Giltinan
Australasian Football Council
Con Hickey
Northern Rugby Football Union
1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain
rugby union
Great Britain Lions rugby league tour
1914 Australian rules football interstate carnival
Jack Worrall
Reginald Wilmot
try
ball-up

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