436:
366:
79:
51:
44:
72:
27:
474:
conceived as segments of this continuum in which a single depositional moment can be reconstructed. The phases are periods that are culturally identifiable on the basis of typological and functional analysis. Horizons are the broad chronological subdivisions based on comparative material and as they can be linked to the general historical understanding.
432:
both the database and prose type approaches, in that elements are individually linked across both stratigraphy and typology, and yet remain tied in a more synthetic whole through the narrative of the archaeological record. Another focal point of research at the site is the application of conservation.
469:
architecture which comprises the majority of the structures found to date has been preserved over the years though an innovative system. This system protects the monument while still allowing a detailed inspection of the primary document as originally unearthed. The same system affords an overview of
380:
The entire site covers around 135 hectares (330 acres), mostly made up of the outer city. The high mound covers about 18 hectares (44 acres) and rises to a height of 25 metres (82 ft), with 5 sub-mounds. The high mound is surrounded by a mudbrick city wall that was roughly 8 metres (26 ft)
352:
at Mari provide evidence of their strong resistance; in one letter, the king of Mari tells his Urkesh counterpart that "I did not know that the sons of your city hate you on my account. But you are mine, even if the city of Urkesh is not." In the middle of the millennium, Tell Mozan was the location
431:
The excavations at Tell Mozan are known for the project's interest in pursuing the uses of technology in an archaeological context. The main focus is on the 'Global Record', a method of documentation that combines journal entries into a hypertext based output. This system marries the advantages of
473:
Special emphasis is placed on documenting the concrete types of contact which are observed in the ground. This is done with great detail at the level of each individual feature. From this evidence is automatically derived a complete depositional history of all elements in contact. The strata are
735:
Giorgio
Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati, Great Temple Terrace at Urkesh and the Lions of Tish-atal, in General studies and excavations at Nuzi 11/2: in honor of David I. Owen on the occasion of his 65th birthday October 28, 2005 edited by Gernot Wilhelm, pp. 33-70, CDL, 2009,
889:
Tar'am-Agade, Daughter of Naram-Sin, at Urkesh, Buccellati, Giorgio and
Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati, in Of Pots and Plans. Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David oates in Honour of his 75th Birthday, London: Nabu Publications,
384:
Important excavated structures include the royal palace of
Tupkish, an associated necromantic underground structure (Abi), a monumental temple terrace with a plaza in front and a temple at the top, residential areas, burial areas, and the inner and outer city walls.
477:
One of the most important fixed points of reference for chronology are impressions on door sealings of the seal of Tar'am-Agade, the daughter of Naram-Sin, which because of stratigraphy can be firmly linked to phase 3 of the AP palace occupation.
470:
the architectural volumes as perceived by the ancients. A sizeable lab in the field research facility allows the conservators to give the best possible on-site care while interacting with the excavations.
983:
M. Kelly-Buccellati, "Urkesh and the North: Recent
Discoveries", Studies on the Civilization and Culture of the Nuzi and the Hurrians 15, General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 11/1, pp. 3–28, 2005
860:
Buccellati, G. and S. Bonetti, Conservation at the core of archaeological strategy. The case of ancient Urkesh at Tell Mozan., The Getty
Conservation Institute Newsletter, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 18-21, 2003
451:"Of Nergal the lord of Hawalum, Atal-shen, the caring shepherd, the king of Urkesh and Nawar, the son of Sadar-mat the king, is the builder of the temple of Nergal, the one who overcomes opposition. Let
842:
Giorgio
Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly Buccellati, Preliminary Report on the 21th Season of Excavations at Tell Mozan-Urkesh (July–September 2008), Chronique Archéologique en Syrie IV, pp. 127-132, 2010
435:
416:. The 2007 season was primarily dedicated to working on publication material, primarily excavation units A16, J1, J3 and J4. A small sounding was done in J1 to clarify the transition between
2030:
1076:
1006:
Peter M. M. G. Akkermans and Glenn M. Schwartz, The
Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c.16,000-300 BC), Cambridge University Press, 2004,
2025:
851:
Giorgio
Buccellati et al, Preliminary Report on the 22nd Season of Excavations at Tell Mozan-Urkesh (July–October 2009), Chronique Archéologique en Syrie V, pp. 107-116,2011
1021:
Massimo
Maiocchi, A Hurrian Administrative Tablet from Third Millennium Urkesh, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 101(2), December 2011
924:
348:, a city a few hundred miles to the south. The king of Urkesh became a vassal (and apparently an appointee) of Mari. The people of Urkesh evidently resented this, as the
2055:
833:
Giorgio
Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati, The Seventh Season of Excavations at Tell Mozan, 1992, Chronique Archéologique en Syrie, vol. 1, pp. 79-84, 1997
1069:
1016:
Giorgio Buccellati, A Lu E School Tablet from the Service Quarter of the Royal Palace AP at Urkesh, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 55, pp. 45–48, 2003
986:
Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly Buccellati, Urkesh/Mozan Studies 3: Urkesh and the Hurrians : A Volume in Honor of Lloyd Cotsen, Undena, 1998,
357:
religious site. The city appears to have been largely abandoned circa 1350 BC, although the reason for this is unknown to archaeologists at this time.
1062:
956:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
642:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
615:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
572:
Buccellati, Giorgio, and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati. “Urkesh: The First Hurrian Capital.” The Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 60, no. 2, 1997, pp. 77–96
309:, the city was a major Hurrian center. Seal inscriptions give evidence for a city ruler with the Hurrian name of Tupkish, and his queen with the
1044:
86th Faculty Research Lecture: The Discovery of Ancient Urkesh and the Question of Meaning in Archaeology - Giorgio Buccellati, April 27, 1999
713:
Buccellati, Giorgio; Kelly-Buccellati, Marilyn (1996). "The Royal Storehouse of Urkesh: The Glyptic Evidence from the Southwestern Wing".
1037:
2050:
408:
began in 1984 and have been conducted for at least 17 seasons up to the present time. The work has been led by Giorgio Buccellati of
996:
Rick Hauser, READING FIGURINES: Animal Representations in Terra Cotta from Royal Building AK at Urkesh (Tell Mozan), Undena, 2006,
413:
297:
is located about 50 km to the east of Urkesh. Leilan, Brak and Urkesh were particularly prominent during the Akkadian period.
770:
887:
665:
932:
1043:
133:
400:
material. No trace of Roman occupation levels have been found in later excavations, however. Mallowan went on to excavate
1722:
2045:
1999:
497:
since 2011. The site lies close to the Turkish border, and is protected by Kurdish troops and a team of local workers.
336:
through what is believed to have been a dynastic marriage tradition. Tar'am-Agade, the daughter of the Akkadian king,
2060:
1011:
1001:
991:
964:
822:
806:
757:
741:
697:
650:
623:
902:
Rivers and steppes. Cultural heritage and environment of the Syrian Jezireh. Catalogue to the Museum of Deir ez-Zor
688:
Buccellati, Marilyn K. (1990). "A New Third Millennium Sculpture from Mozan". In Leonard, A.; Williams, B. (eds.).
542:
425:
71:
43:
801:
Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly Buccellati, Mozan 1: The Soundings of the First Two Seasons, Undena, 1988,
1086:
259:, on a site which appears to have been inhabited previously for a few centuries. The city god of Urkesh was
2070:
305:
Urkesh is the only third millennium site that can be securely associated with the Hurrians. Throughout the
1054:
667:
Kelly-Buccellati, Marilyn. "The Urkesh Mittani Horizon: Ceramic Evidence." talugaeš witteš (2020): 237-256
1943:
1717:
365:
1098:
601:
678:
Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly‐Buccellati, Tell Mozan - ancient Urkesh. A visitor’s guide., 2007
2075:
2040:
2035:
1201:
547:
370:
244:
110:
1019:
598:
Andirons at Urkesh: New Evidence for the Hurrian Identity of the Early Trans-Caucasian Culture
582:
1747:
1695:
1344:
1310:
1819:
1813:
1359:
1226:
341:
252:
676:
8:
1882:
1844:
1690:
396:, his wife, wrote that they chose not to continue at the site because it seemed to have
2065:
1933:
718:
553:
482:
421:
337:
276:
236:
1251:
1948:
1923:
1631:
1106:
1007:
997:
987:
960:
905:
818:
802:
778:
753:
737:
693:
646:
619:
310:
216:
424:. The excavations have been assisted at various times by other groups including the
1958:
1928:
1902:
1732:
1510:
1473:
510:
494:
374:
326:
240:
121:
2020:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1913:
1273:
1164:
954:
640:
613:
393:
333:
314:
228:
1994:
1894:
1727:
1484:
1394:
1354:
1334:
1186:
1126:
459:
destroy the seeds of whoever removes this tablet. Shaum-shen is the craftsman."
2014:
1799:
1643:
1409:
1268:
909:
817:
Lucio Milano, Mozan: The Epigraphic Finds of the Sixth Season, Undena, 1991,
782:
148:
135:
1399:
1898:
1890:
1611:
1605:
1479:
1462:
1438:
1369:
1305:
1116:
1084:
401:
397:
389:
340:, is believed to have been married to the king of Urkesh. During the early
280:
1762:
1673:
1663:
1519:
1448:
1379:
1374:
1206:
349:
345:
294:
1049:
722:
1918:
1850:
1831:
1648:
1416:
1324:
1246:
1156:
1111:
405:
306:
284:
584:
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: C. 8000-332 BCE.
1978:
1908:
1836:
1774:
1767:
1742:
1678:
1658:
1653:
1524:
1495:
1389:
1349:
1211:
520:
318:
288:
1567:
1543:
1865:
1825:
1637:
1623:
1467:
1427:
1421:
1175:
1169:
1121:
466:
256:
870:
1953:
1752:
1584:
1553:
1491:
1443:
1364:
1300:
1236:
1231:
1191:
1181:
752:
Agatha Christie, Come Tell Me How You Live, Akadine Press, 2002,
452:
417:
373:
and accompanying stone tablet bearing the earliest known text in
354:
313:
name of Uqnitum. Tupkish, who ruled during the ascendancy of the
275:
There are other contemporary ancient sites in this area of upper
260:
1938:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1794:
1789:
1701:
1668:
1594:
1548:
1529:
1457:
1384:
1329:
1319:
1315:
1285:
1279:
1256:
1141:
1131:
1090:
481:
Finds from the excavations at Tell Mozan are on display in the
456:
441:
264:
26:
1804:
1784:
1779:
1757:
1707:
1683:
1589:
1577:
1572:
1537:
1514:
1433:
1404:
1339:
1295:
1241:
1221:
445:
248:
2031:
States and territories disestablished in the 14th century BC
692:. SAOC. Vol. 47. Oriental Institute. pp. 149–154.
690:
Essays in Ancient Civilization Presented to Helene J. Kantor
404:, another site to the south of Mozan/Urkesh. Excavations at
1737:
1712:
1561:
1505:
1500:
1290:
1263:
1216:
1196:
1136:
409:
712:
1599:
900:
Bonatz, Dominik; Kühne, Hartmut; Mahmoud, As'ad (1998).
239:, or settlement mound, located in the foothills of the
2026:
Populated places established in the 4th millennium BC
1031:
444:
by Hurrian king Atalshen, king of Urkish and Nawar,
899:
925:"Saving an Ancient 'Lost' City in War-torn Syria"
771:"Lost Capital of a Fabled Kingdom Found in Syria"
505:The kings of the city were known by the title of
2012:
488:
344:the city passed into the hands of the rulers of
2056:Archaeological sites in al-Hasakah Governorate
1070:
448:Bassin, circa 2000 BC. Louvre Museum AO 5678.
317:, assumed the title of "king of Urkesh and
287:is located 45 km south of Tell Mozan.
1077:
1063:
687:
25:
388:Soundings at the site were first made by
434:
414:California State University, Los Angeles
364:
768:
581:Margreet L. Steiner, Ann E. Killebrew,
2013:
922:
893:
321:". The king was known by the title of
1058:
952:
638:
611:
513:. The known kings of Urkesh include:
440:Foundation tablet. Dedication to God
381:wide and 7 metres (23 ft) high.
16:Ancient City state (2700 BC - ?)
1046:- UCLA webcast (utilizes RealPlayer)
493:Excavations are on hold during the
232:
13:
2000:Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
1085:Ancient states and regions in the
977:
769:Wilford, John Noble (1995-11-21).
550:, also known as the "Urkish lions"
500:
291:is about 50 km to the south.
219:: 𒌨𒆧𒆠 UR.KIŠ, 𒌨𒋙𒀭𒄲𒆠 UR.KEŠ
31:View of Tell Mozan from the north.
14:
2087:
1025:
904:. Damascus: Ministry of Culture.
2051:Former populated places in Syria
412:and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati of
77:
70:
49:
42:
946:
923:Lawler, Andrew (June 4, 2015).
916:
881:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
811:
795:
762:
746:
729:
543:Cities of the ancient Near East
426:German Archaeological Institute
392:during his survey of the area.
1050:World Monuments Fund Tel Mozan
706:
681:
670:
659:
632:
605:
590:
575:
566:
360:
283:is 22 km south of Mozan.
78:
50:
1:
489:Syrian Civil War 2015-present
1252:Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia
270:
251:. It was founded during the
7:
1038:Archaeobotany at Tell Mozan
596:Marilyn Kelly- Buccellati.
536:
10:
2092:
715:Archiv für Orientforschung
332:Urkesh was an ally of the
300:
2046:Bronze Age sites in Syria
1987:
1881:
1622:
1155:
1097:
526:Shatar-mat (date unknown)
198:
193:
185:
177:
172:
164:
127:
117:
106:
98:
36:
24:
2061:Neolithic sites in Syria
929:National Geographic News
559:
529:Atal-shen (date unknown)
548:Hurrian foundation pegs
1845:Luwian-Aramaean states
953:Bryce, Trevor (2009).
639:Bryce, Trevor (2009).
612:Bryce, Trevor (2009).
462:
377:
245:Al-Hasakah Governorate
211:, also transliterated
111:Al-Hasakah Governorate
1696:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1280:Canaanite city-states
1040:(Tübingen University)
587:OUP Oxford, 2014 p398
438:
368:
149:37.05694°N 40.99722°E
99:Alternative name
89:Show map of Near East
1979:Tanukhid confederacy
1814:New Kingdom of Egypt
871:"Royal inscriptions"
532:Te'irru (c. 1800 BC)
517:Tupkish (c. 2250 BC)
342:second millennium BC
279:basin. For example,
253:fourth millennium BC
2071:Tells (archaeology)
1691:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1474:Paleo-Syrian states
145: /
21:
1934:Herodian Tetrarchy
1034:(official website)
1032:Urkesh excavations
775:The New York Times
554:Ur of the Chaldees
509:, meaning king in
483:Deir ez-Zor Museum
463:
378:
325:, meaning king in
255:, possibly by the
154:37.05694; 40.99722
86:Urkesh (Near East)
58:Shown within Syria
19:
2008:
2007:
1949:Nabataean Kingdom
1924:Hasmonean dynasty
1919:Ghassanid Kingdom
1632:Achaemenid Empire
1468:Ib'al Confederacy
1107:Kish civilization
206:
205:
181:4th millennium BC
61:Show map of Syria
2083:
1959:Palmyrene Empire
1929:Herodian kingdom
1903:Byzantine Empire
1718:Israel (Samaria)
1079:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1055:
971:
970:
950:
944:
943:
941:
940:
931:. Archived from
920:
914:
913:
897:
891:
885:
879:
878:
867:
861:
858:
852:
849:
843:
840:
834:
831:
825:
815:
809:
799:
793:
792:
790:
789:
766:
760:
750:
744:
733:
727:
726:
710:
704:
703:
685:
679:
674:
668:
663:
657:
656:
636:
630:
629:
609:
603:
594:
588:
579:
573:
570:
495:Syrian Civil War
241:Taurus Mountains
234:
160:
159:
157:
156:
155:
150:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
122:Taurus Mountains
90:
81:
80:
74:
62:
53:
52:
46:
29:
22:
18:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2076:Former kingdoms
2041:Akkadian Empire
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1983:
1974:Sasanian Empire
1969:Seleucid Empire
1964:Parthian Empire
1914:Emesene Dynasty
1877:
1723:Israel (united)
1638:Aramaean states
1618:
1165:Akkadian Empire
1151:
1093:
1083:
1028:
980:
978:Further reading
975:
974:
967:
951:
947:
938:
936:
935:on June 7, 2015
921:
917:
898:
894:
886:
882:
869:
868:
864:
859:
855:
850:
846:
841:
837:
832:
828:
816:
812:
800:
796:
787:
785:
767:
763:
751:
747:
734:
730:
717:. 42–43: 1–32.
711:
707:
700:
686:
682:
675:
671:
664:
660:
653:
637:
633:
626:
610:
606:
595:
591:
580:
576:
571:
567:
562:
539:
503:
501:Kings of Urkesh
491:
461:
449:
394:Agatha Christie
363:
334:Akkadian Empire
315:Akkadian Empire
303:
273:
247:, northeastern
222:
153:
151:
147:
144:
139:
136:
134:
132:
131:
94:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:
65:
64:
63:
60:
59:
56:
55:
54:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Hurrian cities
2033:
2028:
2023:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1995:Amarna letters
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1895:Roman Republic
1887:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1424:
1422:Hittite Empire
1419:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1176:Amorite states
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1026:External links
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
979:
976:
973:
972:
965:
945:
915:
892:
880:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
810:
794:
761:
745:
728:
705:
698:
680:
669:
658:
651:
631:
624:
604:
589:
574:
564:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
551:
545:
538:
535:
534:
533:
530:
527:
524:
523:(date unknown)
518:
502:
499:
490:
487:
439:
362:
359:
350:royal archives
302:
299:
272:
269:
220:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
85:
76:
75:
69:
68:
67:
66:
57:
48:
47:
41:
40:
39:
38:
37:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1883:Classical Age
1880:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Aram-Damascus
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:First Babylon
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1012:0-521-79666-0
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:0-9798937-1-2
999:
995:
993:
992:0-89003-501-6
989:
985:
982:
981:
968:
966:9781134159086
962:
959:. Routledge.
958:
957:
949:
934:
930:
926:
919:
911:
907:
903:
896:
888:
884:
876:
872:
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
824:
823:0-89003-276-9
820:
814:
808:
807:0-89003-195-9
804:
798:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
759:
758:1-58579-010-9
755:
749:
743:
742:1-934309-22-2
739:
732:
724:
720:
716:
709:
701:
699:0-918986-57-5
695:
691:
684:
677:
673:
666:
662:
654:
652:9781134159086
648:
645:. Routledge.
644:
643:
635:
627:
625:9781134159086
621:
618:. Routledge.
617:
616:
608:
602:
599:
593:
586:
585:
578:
569:
565:
555:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
515:
514:
512:
508:
498:
496:
486:
484:
479:
475:
471:
468:
460:
458:
454:
447:
443:
437:
433:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
382:
376:
372:
367:
358:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
230:
226:
218:
214:
210:
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
167:
163:
158:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
73:
45:
35:
28:
23:
1899:Roman Empire
1891:Ancient Rome
1843:
1818:
1700:
1636:
1604:
1560:
1536:
1472:
1426:
1278:
1174:
1146:
1117:Chagar Bazar
955:
948:
937:. Retrieved
933:the original
928:
918:
901:
895:
883:
874:
865:
856:
847:
838:
829:
813:
797:
786:. Retrieved
774:
764:
748:
731:
714:
708:
689:
683:
672:
661:
641:
634:
614:
607:
597:
592:
583:
577:
568:
506:
504:
492:
480:
476:
472:
464:
450:
430:
402:Chagar Bazar
390:Max Mallowan
387:
383:
379:
331:
322:
304:
293:
281:Chagar Bazar
277:Khabur River
274:
263:, father of
224:
212:
208:
207:
1664:Bit Bahiani
1449:Tell Hadidi
371:Louvre lion
361:Archaeology
295:Tell Leilan
152: /
128:Coordinates
2015:Categories
1851:Carchemish
1832:Nabataeans
1649:Aram Rehob
1417:Carchemish
1227:Third Mari
1207:Third Ebla
1157:Bronze Age
1112:Tell Halaf
1099:Copper Age
939:2015-06-06
875:urkesh.org
788:2015-06-06
406:Tell Mozan
307:Bronze Age
285:Tell Arbid
225:Tell Mozan
194:Site notes
168:Settlement
140:40°59′50″E
102:Tell Mozan
2066:Tur Abdin
1944:Macedonia
1909:Commagene
1837:Qedarites
1775:Phoenicia
1743:Philistia
1659:Bit Agusi
1654:Bit-Adini
1496:Tall Bazi
1390:Phoenicia
1360:Jerusalem
1212:Ekallatum
910:638775287
783:0362-4331
600:. (2004)
521:Tish-atal
467:mud brick
338:Naram-Sin
289:Tell Brak
271:Geography
223:; modern
199:Condition
186:Abandoned
137:37°3′25″N
1866:Palistin
1826:Itureans
1624:Iron Age
1428:Hurrians
1170:Alashiya
1122:Hamoukar
723:41668230
537:See also
311:Akkadian
257:Hurrians
235:), is a
233:تل موزان
217:Akkadian
202:In ruins
107:Location
1988:Sources
1954:Osroene
1753:Ascalon
1728:Jericho
1606:Nuhašše
1554:Suteans
1492:Armanum
1444:Mitanni
1439:Nuhašše
1400:Shechem
1380:Megiddo
1375:Lakisha
1365:Kenites
1355:Jericho
1335:Dimasqu
1306:Aštartu
1301:Ascalon
1237:Palmyra
1192:Andarig
1182:Alalakh
1127:Jericho
1089:of the
1087:history
511:Hurrian
453:Shamash
418:Mittani
375:Hurrian
355:Mitanni
327:Hurrian
301:History
261:Kumarbi
189:1350 BC
178:Founded
173:History
113:, Syria
2021:Urkesh
1939:Iturea
1871:Pattin
1861:Luhuti
1856:Kummuh
1795:Tartus
1748:Ashdod
1702:Canaan
1679:Sam'al
1674:Hamath
1669:Geshur
1595:Ugarit
1585:Tadmor
1568:ʿApiru
1549:Aḫlamū
1544:ʿApiru
1530:Tuttul
1485:Aleppo
1458:Naziba
1395:Qadesh
1385:Midian
1370:Kumidi
1345:Gibeon
1325:Beruta
1320:Hauran
1316:Bashan
1311:Azzati
1286:Amalek
1257:Yamhad
1247:Ṭābetu
1232:Mukish
1187:Amurru
1147:Urkesh
1142:Ugarit
1132:Byblos
1091:Levant
1010:
1000:
990:
963:
908:
821:
805:
781:
756:
740:
721:
696:
649:
622:
457:Ishtar
442:Nergal
422:Khabur
265:Teshup
229:Arabic
213:Urkish
209:Urkesh
118:Region
20:Urkesh
1820:Arabs
1805:Sidon
1790:Gebal
1785:Arwad
1780:Amrit
1758:Ekron
1733:Judah
1708:Ammon
1684:Zobah
1590:Tunip
1578:Shutu
1573:Shasu
1538:Suhum
1525:Nagar
1515:Terqa
1511:Khana
1434:Urshu
1405:Sidon
1350:Hazor
1340:Gezer
1330:Gebal
1296:Arwad
1274:Barga
1242:Qatna
1222:Kurda
719:JSTOR
560:Notes
507:endan
446:Habur
398:Roman
353:of a
323:endan
319:Nagar
249:Syria
1800:Tyre
1768:Gaza
1763:Gath
1738:Moab
1713:Edom
1612:Niya
1562:Amqu
1520:Mari
1506:Emar
1501:Ebla
1480:Armi
1463:Niya
1410:Tyre
1291:Arqa
1269:Aram
1264:Amqu
1217:Emar
1197:Apum
1137:Ebla
1008:ISBN
998:ISBN
988:ISBN
961:ISBN
906:OCLC
890:2002
819:ISBN
803:ISBN
779:ISSN
754:ISBN
738:ISBN
694:ISBN
647:ISBN
620:ISBN
465:The
455:and
420:and
410:UCLA
369:The
346:Mari
237:tell
165:Type
1600:Upu
243:in
2017::
1901:-
1897:-
927:.
873:.
777:.
773:.
485:.
428:.
329:.
267:.
231::
227:;
1905:)
1893:(
1828:?
1513:/
1494:/
1318:/
1078:e
1071:t
1064:v
969:.
942:.
912:.
877:.
791:.
725:.
702:.
655:.
628:.
221:3
215:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
