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Picchu, located in the Sacred Valley, is an example of the Incas adapting building strategies that acknowledge the topography of the area. While other Pre-Columbian cultures constructed man-made mountains, the Incas emphasized the natural forms of the topography around them. The Sacred Rock, located in the Sacred Valley, is an example of a stone that draws attention to the horizon of the mountain range.
265:
367:), one part for the religious establishment, and one part for the communities of farmers themselves. In the 1400s, the Sacred Valley became an area of royal estates and country homes. Once a royal estate was created by an emperor it continued to be owned by descendants of the emperor after his death. The estate of the emperor
352:
Chicha has had a long historical significance. In times of warfare, the Incas would take the decapitated skulls of their enemies and turn them into drinking vessels for Chicha. This ceremonial process of drinking Chicha from the head of a foe symbolized the successful transformation from the disorder
436:
Oral histories in the
Quechua language suggest that the ancient Inca married Pachamama (Mother Earth) and produced human offspring. The Incas are renowned for their precision in stone masonry. The architecture was a means of bringing order to untamed areas and the people of the Andes region. Machu
331:
is typical of the valley. Precipitation, concentrated in
October through April, totals 527 millimetres (20.7 in) annually and monthly average temperatures range between 15.4 °C (59.7 °F) in November, the warmest month, to 12.2 °C (54.0 °F) in July, the coldest month. The
344:
The attraction of the Sacred Valley to the Inca, in addition to its proximity to Cusco, was probably that it was lower in elevation and therefore warmer than any other nearby area. The lower elevation permitted maize to be grown in the Sacred Valley. Maize was a prestige crop for the Incas,
280:
and Machu Picchu, 100 kilometres (62 mi) distant. The Sacred Valley has elevations above sea level along the river ranging from 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) at Pisac to 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) at the
Urubamba River below the citadel of Machu Picchu. On both sides of the river, the
244:, this fertile valley is irrigated by the Urubamba River. The Chanapata civilisation first utilised this area starting at around 800 BCE because of its rich soil used for agriculture. The Qotacalla civilization lived in the Sacred Valley from 500 to 900 CE. The
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The early Incas lived in the Cusco area. By conquest or diplomacy, during the period 1000 to 1400 CE, the Inca achieved administrative control over the various ethnic groups living in or near the Sacred Valley.
312:. It is fed by numerous tributaries which descend through adjoining valleys and gorges and contains numerous archaeological remains and villages. The Sacred Valley was the most important area for
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Agricultural terraces, called andenes, were built up hillsides flanking the valley floor and are today the most visible and widespread signs of the Inca civilization in the Sacred Valley.
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289:, 5,893 metres (19,334 ft) in elevation. The intensely cultivated valley floor is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide on average. Side valleys and agricultural terraces (
817:, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, p. 217; Niles, Susan A. (1999), The Shape of Inca History, Iowas City: University of Iowa Press, pp. 133–53. Project Muse.
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then lived in the Sacred Valley from 900 until the Incan Empire took over the region in 1420. The Incan Empire ruled this area until the arrival of the
Spanish.
600:
Google Earth. Another definition of the area of the Sacred Valley is that it is between Pisaq and
Ollantaytambo, a distance of about 60 kilometres (37 mi).
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233:, its most famous archaeological site. Many of the same tourists also visited other archaeological sites and modern towns in the Sacred Valley.
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349:, a fermented maize drink the Incas and their subjects consumed in large quantities at their many ceremonial feasts and religious festivals.
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production in the heartland of the Inca Empire and access through the valley to tropical areas facilitated the import of products such as
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433:. Nevertheless, Manco soon withdrew from the Sacred Valley and the area came under the control of the Spanish colonialists.
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Incas built extensive irrigation works throughout the valley to counter deficiencies and seasonality in precipitation.
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mountains rise to much higher elevations, especially to the north where two prominent mountains overlook the valley:
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The Inca customarily divided conquered lands into three more-or-less equal parts. One part was for the emperor (the
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The Sacred Valley is a major tourist destination. In 2019, 1.6 million people, the majority non-Peruvians, visited
2189:
485:
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226:". The Sacred Valley was incorporated slowly into the incipient Inca Empire during the period from 1000 to 1400.
17:
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1944:
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1889:
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536:
Bauer, Brian S.; Covey, R. Alan (2002). "Processes of State
Formation in the Inca Heartland (Cuzco, Peru)".
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Large scale maize production in the Sacred Valley was apparently facilitated by varieties bred in nearby
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765:
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1974:
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The valley was formed by the
Urubamba river, also known as the Vilcanota River, Willkanuta River (
1799:
1794:
1789:
1689:
1474:
870:
Dean, Carolyn (2007). "The Inka
Married the Earth: Integrated Outcrops and the Making of Place".
714:
Dean, Carolyn (2007). "The Inka
Married the Earth: Integrated Outcrops and the Making of Place".
422:
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1894:
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2014:
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The valley, running generally west to east, is understood to include everything along the
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1814:
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780:"El centro vaviloviano en el PerĂş: un conjunto socio-ecolĂłgico frente a riesgos extremos"
512:
418:
286:
170:
163:
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839:
Guillet, David and others (1987), "Terracing and
Irrigation in the Peruvian Highlands,"
782:[The center Vavilov year in Peru: a socio-ecological set against extreme risks]
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1939:
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This article is about the Peruvian valley. For the valley in central Italy, see
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360:, either a governmental crop laboratory or a seedling nursery of the Incas.
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826:
Rowe, John (1990). "Machu Picchu a la luz de documentos de siglo XVI”.
509:– An undiscovered place of burial of Genghis Khan and his royal family.
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Alan Covey, R (2003). "A processual study of Inka state formation".
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222:. In colonial documents it was referred to as the "Valley of
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383:(c. 1410–1438), overlooks the Sacred Valley; the estate of
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Inca ruin and andenes (agricultural terraces) at Pisac.
778:
Plachetka, Uwe Christian; Pietsch, Stephan A. (2009).
637:, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 43–44
387:(1438–1471) was at Pisac, and the sparse ruins of
860:, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp. 213–32.
565:"How Many Tourists Visit Machu Picchu Every Year"
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972:
777:
843:, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 409–10. Downloaded from
766:"The Character of Inca and Andean Agriculture"
958:
503:– Royal tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
353:of warfare to the order of the Incan Empire.
304:). The latter, in Quechua, the still spoken
218:. It is located in the present-day Peruvian
648:https://en.climate-data.org/location/44993/
965:
951:
668:
591:, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, p. 127
535:
454:Panorama of the Sacred Valley of the Incas
375:(a few kilometers downstream from Pisac);
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562:
14:
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671:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
403:was built as an estate for Pachacuti.
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371:(c. 1380) was located at Paullu and
300:, "house of the sun") or Willkamayu (
74:
27:Valley in the Andes Mountains of Peru
2666:Archaeological sites in Cusco Region
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713:
285:, 5,818 metres (19,088 ft) and
815:How the Incas built their Heartland
635:How the Incas built their Heartland
399:. Most archaeologists believe that
276:between the town and Inca ruins at
24:
497:"Valley of the Kings" royal tombs.
25:
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413:The Sacred Rock at Machu Picchu
395:(1493–1527), is in the town of
884:10.1080/00043079.2007.10786358
728:10.1080/00043079.2007.10786358
662:
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627:
603:
594:
581:
563:Glazier, Elysia (2023-11-18).
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308:of the Inca Empire, means the
13:
1:
2190:Quriwayrachina, La ConvenciĂłn
940:travel guide from Wikivoyage
683:10.1016/S0278-4165(03)00030-8
587:D'Altroy, Terence N. (2003).
523:
166:looms over the Sacred Valley.
2671:Archaeological sites in Peru
974:Archaeological sites in Peru
501:Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs
486:Sallqaqucha Wallata Warak'ay
391:, the estate of the emperor
379:, the estate of the emperor
259:
7:
2295:Tampu Mach'ay, Huancavelica
518:Valley of the Kings (Tibet)
513:Valley of the Kings (Egypt)
459:
10:
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1890:Ă‘awpallaqta, Huanca Sancos
1375:Huamanmarca, La ConvenciĂłn
938:Sacred Valley of the Incas
417:In 1537, the Inca Emperor
335:
188:Valle Sagrado de los Incas
180:Sacred Valley of the Incas
174:Sacred Valley of the Incas
56:Sacred Valley of the Incas
29:
2676:Landforms of Cusco Region
980:
858:The Conquest of the Incas
550:10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.846
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2490:Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas
2185:Quriwayrachina, Ayacucho
2045:Pumamarka, San Sebastián
1975:Pirca Pirca, La Libertad
1690:Llaqta Qulluy, Tayacaja
1475:Inka Wasi, Huancavelica
813:Covey, R. Alan (2009),
695:Bauer and Covey, p. 846
633:Covey, R. Alan (2009).
538:American Anthropologist
423:Battle of Ollantaytambo
2335:The Toads of Wiraqucha
1785:Mawk'allaqta, La UniĂłn
1775:Mawk'allaqta, Castilla
1685:Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca
1460:Inka Tampu, Vilcabamba
856:Hemming, John (1970).
650:, accessed 24 Dec 2016
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2450:Ventanillas de Otuzco
2035:Pukara, Vilcas Huamán
1780:Mawk'allaqta, Espinar
1680:Llaqta Qulluy, Acoria
1595:Kunturmarka, Ayacucho
1505:Inti Watana, Urubamba
1495:Inti Watana, Ayacucho
1455:Inka Tampu, Huayopata
931:at Wikimedia Commons
412:
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202:, is a valley in the
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2625:Yanaqi - Qillqamarka
2180:Quriwayrachina, Anta
1900:Ă‘awpallaqta, Lucanas
1895:Ă‘awpallaqta, Fajardo
1800:Mawk'allaqta, Sandia
1795:Mawk'allaqta, Paruro
1790:Mawk'allaqta, Melgar
1695:Llaqta Qulluy, Vilca
1640:Laguna de las Momias
1450:Inka Raqay, Ayacucho
1445:Inka Raqay, ApurĂmac
1035:Awkimarka (ApurĂmac)
990:Ahuila Gencha Machay
841:Current Anthropology
830:, 16 (1), pp. 139–54
659:D'Altroy, pp. 127–40
507:Tomb of Genghis Khan
2275:Soro Mik'aya Patjxa
2170:Qurimarka, ApurĂmac
2085:Purunllacta, Soloco
2050:Pumamarka, Urubamba
1470:Inka Wasi, Ayacucho
1390:Huaycán de Pariachi
1185:Choquequirao Puquio
1145:Chauchilla Cemetery
1040:Awkimarka (Huánuco)
646:Climate: Urubamba,
611:"Quechua languages"
421:fought and won the
419:Manco Inca Yupanqui
345:especially to make
246:Killke civilization
126: /
2505:Wanakawri, Huánuco
2080:Purunllacta, Cheto
1940:Paracas Candelabra
1600:Kunturmarka, Pasco
1500:Inti Watana, Calca
764:Earls, John (nd),
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2020:Pukara, Coporaque
1980:Pirca Pirca, Lima
1340:Huaca Huallamarca
1150:ChavĂn de Huantar
927:Media related to
804:McEwan, pp. 87–88
156:
155:
130:13.333°S 72.083°W
16:(Redirected from
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2500:Wanakawri, Cusco
2495:Wamanmarka, Lima
2330:Templo del Zorro
2175:Qurimarka, Cusco
1665:Llamachayuq Qaqa
1645:Lauricocha Caves
1625:K'allapayuq Urqu
1610:Kusichaka valley
1355:Huaca San Marcos
1330:Huaca del DragĂłn
1325:Huaca de la Luna
995:Amaru Marka Wasi
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2125:Qillqay Mach'ay
2025:Pukara, Fajardo
1750:Marcahuamachuco
1720:Machu Pitumarka
1545:Jisk'a Iru Muqu
1515:Intini Uyu Pata
1430:Incahuasi, Lima
1360:Huaca Santa Ana
1285:Guitarrero Cave
1110:Caves of Sumbay
1010:Asiru Phat'jata
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918:External links
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790:(in Spanish).
788:Tikpa Pachapaq
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929:Sacred Valley
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878:(3): 502–18.
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466:Huayna Picchu
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306:lingua franca
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242:Ollantaytambo
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162:The mountain
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111:
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93:
89:
81:Sacred Valley
69:
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53:
48:
43:
40:Sacred Valley
38:
33:
19:
2565:Wayna Q'inti
2555:Wat'a, Cusco
2515:Waqra Pukara
2465:Vilcashuamán
2235:Sacsayhuamán
2165:Quri Winchus
2095:Pusuquy Pata
2070:Puqin Kancha
2030:Pukara, Puno
1725:Machu Q'inti
1710:Machu Picchu
1570:Killarumiyuq
1520:Intipa Ă‘awin
1440:Inka Mach'ay
1415:Huchuy Qosqo
1345:Huaca Prieta
1290:Hatun Machay
1270:Gran Pajatén
1180:Choquequirao
1175:Choquepuquio
1170:Chipaw Marka
1120:Cerro Pátapo
921:
875:
871:
865:
857:
852:
840:
835:
827:
822:
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809:
800:
791:
787:
773:
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719:
715:
709:
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691:
674:
670:
664:
655:
642:
634:
629:
618:. Retrieved
614:
605:
596:
588:
583:
572:. Retrieved
568:
558:
541:
537:
531:
471:Machu Picchu
435:
416:
405:
401:Machu Picchu
393:Huayna Capac
389:Quispiguanca
377:Huchuy Qosqo
362:
355:
351:
343:
339:
326:
310:sacred river
309:
305:
295:
271:
255:Machu Picchu
235:
231:Machu Picchu
228:
199:
179:
177:
88:Cuzco Region
32:Rieti Valley
2610:Wiñay Wayna
2605:Willkaraqay
2590:Wila Wilani
2545:Wari Willka
2535:Waraqu Urqu
2480:Waman Pirqa
2385:Tunay Q'asa
2365:Toro Muerto
2315:Taqrachullu
2305:Tanqa Tanqa
2300:Tampukancha
2290:Tambomachay
2285:Tambo Totem
2155:Qunchamarka
2145:Qullqapampa
2055:Pumaq Hirka
2005:Puka Pukara
1970:Pinkuylluna
1960:Pikimach'ay
1875:Nazca Lines
1870:Muyuq Marka
1855:Mullu Q'awa
1830:Mirq'imarka
1805:Mawk'ataray
1740:Maray Qalla
1730:Mallkuamaya
1715:Machu Pirqa
1705:Machu Colca
1660:Llamachayuq
1590:Kuntur Wasi
1485:Inkilltambo
1410:Huayrapongo
1370:Hualpayunca
1365:Huacramarca
1305:Hatun Uchku
1275:Gran Vilaya
1075:Buena Vista
1030:Awkin Punta
768:, pp. 18–19
369:Yawar Waqaq
214:capital of
133: /
108:Coordinates
2650:Categories
2600:WilcahuaĂn
2540:Warawtampu
2510:Waqlamarka
2460:Vilcabamba
2415:Uskallaqta
2380:Tunanmarca
2325:Tarmatambo
2260:Sillustani
2245:Sayacmarca
2230:Runkuraqay
2160:Qunchupata
2135:Quillarumi
2115:Qillqatani
2010:Puka Tampu
1985:Pirhuaylla
1955:Pikillaqta
1950:Patallaqta
1925:Pachatusan
1920:Pachacamac
1835:Miyu Pampa
1825:Miraflores
1765:Markapukyu
1760:Markansaya
1755:Markahirka
1745:Marayniyoq
1700:Llaqtapata
1630:K'ipakhara
1615:Khichuqaqa
1510:Intikancha
1490:Inti Punku
1480:Inkapintay
1320:Honcopampa
1315:Hatunmarka
1310:Hatun Usnu
1260:El ParaĂso
1255:El Ingenio
1230:Coricancha
1220:Condorcaga
1210:Colcampata
1200:Cochabamba
1165:Chichakuri
1155:Chawaytiri
1140:Chanquillo
1130:Chacamarca
1115:Cerro BaĂşl
1020:Auga Punta
794:(1): 9–16.
620:2024-01-04
574:2024-01-04
524:References
425:against a
324:to Cuzco.
283:Sahuasiray
198:), or the
2530:Waraqayuq
2525:Warahirka
2485:Wamanilla
2455:Ventarron
2430:Usnu Muqu
2390:Tupu Inka
2370:Trinchera
2320:Tarahuasi
2310:Tantarica
2280:Susupillu
2240:Sara Sara
2215:Rumicolca
2195:Qasa Pata
2150:Qulu Qulu
2105:Qaqapatan
2075:Puruchuco
2015:Puka Urqu
1935:Pañamarca
1915:Pacatnamu
1885:Ninamarca
1880:Nina Kiru
1865:Muyu Urqu
1860:Muyu Muyu
1850:Mulinuyuq
1550:Kanamarka
1530:Iskuqucha
1435:Ingatambo
1385:Huankarán
1235:Cumbemayo
1225:Cota Coca
1205:Cochapata
1135:Chan Chan
1095:Carachupa
1090:Cao Viejo
1070:Bandurria
1055:Ayawayq'u
1050:Ayamachay
1000:Arhuaturo
908:194099969
892:0004-3079
752:194099969
736:0004-3079
589:The Incas
385:Pachacuti
365:Sapa Inca
320:leaf and
260:Geography
102:Geography
2580:Wichqana
2355:Titiqaqa
2250:Sayhuite
2220:Rumiwasi
2140:Quishuar
2060:Pumawasi
2040:Pukarani
1995:Pirwayuq
1965:Pilluchu
1945:Paraccra
1670:Llamayuq
1605:Kuntuyuq
1540:Jinkiori
1425:Inca Uyo
1245:El Brujo
1190:ChurajĂłn
1160:Cheqollo
1080:Cahuachi
1060:Azángaro
1045:Aya Muqu
900:25067338
828:Historia
744:25067338
481:PeruRail
460:See also
397:Urubamba
329:Urubamba
287:Veronica
164:Veronica
2585:Wich'un
2575:Wichama
2440:Uyu Uyu
2435:Usqunta
2225:Runayoc
2205:Raqch'i
2090:Pusharo
2065:Punkuri
1840:Molloko
1815:Miculla
1735:Mameria
1675:Llamuqa
1655:Llactan
1555:Kanichi
1380:Huamboy
1265:Garagay
1240:Cutimbo
1100:CarajĂa
495:Persian
427:Spanish
336:History
302:Quechua
291:andenes
192:Quechua
184:Spanish
142:
121:72°05′W
118:13°20′S
2620:Yanaca
2520:Waqutu
2475:Vitcos
2410:Urpish
2395:T'akaq
2375:TĂşcume
2345:Tinyaq
2270:SĂłndor
2255:SechĂn
2210:Revash
2130:Quiaca
2120:Qillqa
1990:Piruro
1930:Paiján
1820:Millka
1650:LayzĂłn
1585:Kukuli
1580:Kuelap
1575:Kotosh
1420:Huiñao
1215:Collor
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