300:
40:
439:
288:
59:
909:
571:
1051:
1548:; Cavieres, Lohengrin; Peñaloza, Alejandro; Riveros, Magal; Faggi, Ana María (1995). "Relaciones fitogeográficas y patrones regionales de riqueza de especies en la flora del bosque lluvioso templado de Sudamérica" [Floristic structure and human impact on the Maulino forest of Chile]. In Armesto, Juan J.;
1439:
429:
Average annual temperatures are fairly uniform within the area, especially at coastal locations where annual temperature differences between localities never exceed 7 °C. The northward-flowing oceanic
Humboldt Current creates humid and foggy conditions near the coast. In the summer the temperature
1658:
Pérez, Cecilia (1995). "Los procesos de descomposición de la materia orgánica de bosques templados costeros: Interacción entre suelo, clima y vegetación" [Litter decomposition processes in coastal temperate forest: Interactions between plants, soils and vegetation]. In
Armesto, Juan J.;
1096:
to Japan. A start at conservation was made in
November 2003 when a consortium of conservation groups, both local and international, bought at auction of a bankrupt logging firm 147,500 acres (600 km) of biologically rich rainforest in the Valdivian Coastal Range. Gianni Lopez, Executive
430:
can climb to 16.5 °C (62 °F), while during winter the temperature can drop below 7 °C (45 °F). Winter temperatures are lower at higher elevations. The tree line is at about 2,400 m in the northern part of the ecoregion (35° S), and descends to 1,000 m in the south of the
Valdivian region.
838:
The flora of the forests has inherited and developed its characteristics due to a variety of causes. Its
Neotropical affinities reflect its current geographic connection to the remaining South America. Its "Gondwanan" species are a legacy of the ancient
863:" components in the Valdivian temperate rain forest which arrived by long-distance transport. Yet another component are the species from nearby South American ecosystems that adapted to the temperate rainforest.
1101:, Chile's national environmental agency remarked, "Ten years ago the existence of protected areas not owned by the government was unthinkable." Among the efforts supporting conservation, has been a growing
335:
ecoregion. The temperate
Valdivian, matorral, and Magellanic ecoregions are isolated from the subtropical/tropical forests that dominate northern South America by such landscapes as the
1855:
823:
with plant species distribution increasing at higher latitudes and decreasing at those closer to the equator, incidents of endemism becoming more frequent as one moves equatorward.
422:. Average annual precipitation varies from 1,000 mm at the northern edge of the ecoregion to more than 6,000 mm per year in the south. The northern portion of the ecoregion has a
1784:
Murúa, Roberto (1995). "Comunidades de mamíferos del bosque templado de Chile" [Mammalian communities of
Chilean temperate forests]. In Armesto, Juan J.;
888:
of the
Valdivian temperate rain forest between latitudes 41 and 37° S were; the coastal region, the lower slopes of the Chilean Coast Range and the westernmost
788:. The fourth and last type is the Northern Patagonian forests, which dominate the southern half of the ecoregion, with evergreen species such as the broadleaf
1620:
1868:
1584:
1092:, which are more sought-after by the pulp and paper industry. The native trees that are cleared to make way for these monocultures are often exported as
776:, some with growth rings recording 3,625 years of local weather cycles. Closer to the treeline, the conifers give way to Andean scrublands of deciduous
1102:
1067:
280:(in the central part of the ecoregion) are the remnants of ancient glacial valleys. The southern part of the region features many glacier-carved
17:
1921:
1407:
1084:, which can live to a great age. These magnificent rainforests are endangered by extensive logging and their replacement by fast-growing
316:
1693:
1311:
1276:
884:
species. Valdivian temperate rain forest proper was reduced to scattered remnants in to the west of the Andes. More specifically the
1316:
1271:
1098:
1981:
1729:
Veit, Heinz; Garleff, Karsten (1995). "Evolución del paisaje cuaternario y los suelos de Chile
Central-Sur". In Armesto, Juan J.;
1976:
469:
and one of a small number of temperate rain forests in the world. Together they are the second largest in the world, after the
1850:
1386:
458:
91:
1916:
1714:; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe (2005). "Esquema biogeográfico de Chile". In Llorente Bousquests, Jorge; Morrone, Juan J. (eds.).
1341:
612:). This is a transitional zone to the Mediterranean-climate region to the north. It grows from 35 to 36º S latitude along
1351:
1186:
446:
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east of the Andes. As a result, the temperate forest regions have evolved in relative isolation, with a high degree of
324:
1946:
1296:
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1401:
1926:
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1391:
1986:
1331:
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983:. Relative to similar forest in North America there is a low diversity of mammals in Chilean temperate forests.
1801:
1750:
1676:
1565:
1370:
1246:
470:
1623:[Tree height distributions in the canopy of old-growth temperate rainforests of south-central Chile].
1941:
1251:
1201:
847:, a landmass formerly composed of South America, Africa, India, Antarctica and Australia. The high degree of
1221:
1147:
742:, which are distributed at higher elevations along the Andes mountain front, and are dominated by evergreen
378:, not unlike the Argentine grasslands to the east of the Andes. Similar to the Atacama region of Chile, the
252:
between it and the Andes. South of 42°, the coast range continues as a chain of offshore islands (including
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1931:
1281:
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1055:
885:
1961:
1956:
1634:
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332:
109:
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of central Chile as far north as 33º S latitude, from approximately 1,200 meters elevation up to the
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1301:
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1003:
739:
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1966:
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728:) and other plants. Old-growth Valdivian evergreen forest (siempreverde) tend to form stratified
708:
660:
grows near the tree line. The southern limit of these forests is 38º S latitude. Tall coniferous
477:(which stretches from Alaska to northern California). The Valdivian forests are a refuge for the
426:, with rainfall concentrated in the winter months. This seasonality decreases towards the south.
1718:(in Spanish). Mexico: Ediciones de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Jiménez Editores.
1196:
588:. At the northern end of the ecoregion are deciduous forests, dominated by deciduous species of
1431:
1346:
1336:
1291:
1026:). Hummingbirds are common in the Valdivian forests because of the presence of plants like the
1019:
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889:
628:
379:
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to the east and the
Pacific Ocean to the west. East of the Rocky Mountains, the North American
249:
119:
1768:
1621:"Patrones de distribución de alturas de bosques antiguos siempreverde del centro-sur de Chile"
1142:
1833:
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genera is thought to be linked to the geographic isolation came into being as result of the
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ecoregion. A few coastal enclaves of Valdivian forest grow in north-central Chile (such as
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8:
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Since the forest is located at around 40 degrees south, it is strongly influenced by the
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Temperate rain forests comprise a relatively narrow Chilean coastal strip, between the
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desert (north of the matorral), the Andes Mountains, and the dry, rain-shadow
1910:
1884:
1870:
1851:
Valdivian temperate rain forests/Juan Fernandez Islands (World Wildlife Fund)
1417:
807:
769:
679:
523:. Very few plants can grow under this species. Other notable species are the
474:
466:
351:
237:
186:
1607:
582:
There are four main types of forest ecosystems in the Valdivian ecoregion.
1113:
24.16% of the Valdivian temperate forests ecoregion is in protected areas.
893:
852:
684:
443:
438:
956:. Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have also been nonnative
406:. The water vapour held by the westerlies condenses as they encounter the
897:
482:
830:
near the coast contain more available nutrients than more inland soils.
668:) grow at the southern edge of the deciduous forests, from the coast at
292:
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1089:
1074:
880:
690:
403:
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to the east, from roughly 37° to 48° south latitude. North of 42°, the
206:
205:. The Valdivian temperate rainforests are characterized by their dense
49:
45:
562:
The maximum plant species richness is found at latitudes 40 to 43° S.
366:, roughly 40°-60° north latitude) exist in similar settings, with the
1495:"Valdivian temperate forests". DOPA Explorer. Accessed 7 March 2022.
1376:
1093:
957:
928:
682:, characterized by a variety of broadleaf evergreen trees, including
645:
641:
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350:
Due to a similar location geographically and geologically (along the
287:
218:
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153:
1438:
918:
Some of the threatened mammals of the Valdivian forests include the
1080:
844:
756:
486:
344:
210:
58:
908:
481:, and share many plant families with the temperate rainforests of
461:. The Valdivian and Magellanic temperate rainforests are the only
1050:
1038:
848:
743:
570:
547:
371:
336:
273:
269:
225:
1619:
Oyarzún, Alejandro; Donoso, Pablo J.; Gutiérrez, Álvaro (2019).
932:
912:
260:), while the "Central Valley" is submerged and continues as the
1411:
1072:
The Valdivian forests include stands of huge trees, especially
994:) is endemic. Near-endemic and limited-range birds include the
946:
506:
1716:
Regionalización Biogeográfica en Iberoámeríca y tópicos afines
1544:
1442:
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525:
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281:
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86:
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that grows in disturbed areas of the Valdivian rain forest.
1085:
942:
827:
214:
979:
Most mammal genera in Valdivian forests are also found in
892:
all of which remained free of disturbance by the glacial,
1582:"Bioclimatología de Chile" 163 pages with english summary
953:
394:
act as climatic borders for the northwest’s rainforests.
1818:
Endemic Bird Areas factsheet: Chilean temperate forests
1618:
1058:
in the Valdivian forests of San Pablo de Tregua, Chile
878:
and had sparsely distributed vegetation dominated by
1704:
315:
To the north, the Valdivian forests give way to the
632:are predominant trees in Maulino forest. Deciduous
354:), the coast-hugging temperate rainforests of the
1710:
374:grassland stretches from south-central Canada to
295:. The Andes of Zona Sur host numerous hotsprings.
27:Temperate forest ecoregion in Chile and Argentina
1908:
1068:Ecotourism in the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest
264:. Much of the ecoregion was once covered by the
248:stretches on, with just the north–south running
1722:
1771:. Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed 3 March 2023.
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1694:"South America during the last 150,000 years"
509:that grows in humid areas below 500 m, where
493:. Fully half the species of woody plants are
224:trees with some deciduous specimens, though
1728:
1612:
1525:
317:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
1779:
1777:
1116:
291:Vegetation around Termas Geométricas near
201:. The forests are named after the city of
1861:Flora species from Valdivian rain forests
1642:
1608:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8748-5
1606:. Springer Dordrecht, January 2011. DOI:
1598:
1596:
1277:Los Huemules de Niblinto National Reserve
457:The Valdivian temperate rain forests are
1810:
1790:Ecología de los bosques nativos de Chile
1739:Ecología de los bosques nativos de Chile
1665:Ecología de los bosques nativos de Chile
1554:Ecología de los bosques nativos de Chile
1437:
1272:Los Bellotos del Melado National Reserve
1049:
907:
569:
437:
298:
286:
137:248,100 km (95,800 sq mi)
1774:
1479:
833:
14:
1909:
1764:
1762:
1651:
1593:
1491:
1489:
1408:Área Costera Protegida Punta Curiñanco
1394:(administered by the Kreen Foundation)
1317:Pumalín Douglas Tompkins National Park
63:Location in the south of South America
1922:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
1834:Explore the Valdivian Coastal Reserve
1783:
1657:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1387:Los Vertientes Private Nature Reserve
1312:Península de Hualpén Nature Sanctuary
960:living in the Valdivian forests. The
772:, and is a rival in longevity to the
459:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
92:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
1580:Di Castri F di & E. Hajek 1976.
900:disturbance through the glaciation.
565:
386:deserts in the US/Mexican states of
217:, and for being mostly dominated by
33:Valdivian temperate forests (NT0404)
1759:
1486:
1352:Vicente Perez Rosales National Park
24:
1500:
1187:Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park
1108:
325:Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park
25:
1998:
1827:
1792:(in Spanish). Santiago de Chile:
1691:
1667:(in Spanish). Santiago de Chile:
1556:(in Spanish). Santiago de Chile:
1342:Río Los Cipreses National Reserve
1297:Mocho-Choshuenco National Reserve
1182:Altos de Pemehue National Reserve
976:) are endemic to the ecoregion.
1177:Altos de Lircay National Reserve
732:made up of two or three layers.
57:
38:
1816:BirdLife International (2023).
1644:10.4067/S0717-92002019000300355
1332:Radal Siete Tazas National Park
1257:Laguna San Rafael National Park
1045:
738:. The third forest type is the
676:Valdivian laurel-leaved forests
545:. Chile's national flower, the
18:Valdivian temperate rainforests
1856:Research at Chiloé Rain Forest
1685:
1602:Moreira-Munoz, Andres (2011).
1574:
1402:Celulosa Arauco y Constitución
1371:Huilo-Huilo Biological Reserve
1247:Lago Rosselot National Reserve
819:Distribution of plants follow
471:Pacific temperate rain forests
185:on the west coast of southern
13:
1:
1977:Geography of Los Lagos Region
1840:"Valdivian temperate forests"
1788:; Arroyo, Mary Kalin (eds.).
1769:"Valdivian temperate forests"
1663:; Arroyo, Mary Kalin (eds.).
1552:; Arroyo, Mary Kalin (eds.).
1515:"Valdivian temperate forests"
1392:Meullín-Puye Nature Sanctuary
1252:Laguna del Laja National Park
1202:China Muerta National Reserve
874:remained ice-free during the
644:at 2,400 meters elevation. A
515:becomes more dominant above.
240:to the west and the southern
1982:Geography of Los Ríos Region
1282:Los Queules National Reserve
1262:Lahuen Ñadi Natural Monument
1172:Alerce Costero National Park
1121:
981:semi-arid parts of Patagonia
636:forests also grow along the
519:can form pure stands called
272:during the peak of the last
7:
1917:Valdivian temperate forests
1635:Austral University of Chile
1469:Magellanic subpolar forests
1452:
1381:Austral University of Chile
1287:Los Ruiles National Reserve
1267:Llanquihue National Reserve
1237:Isla Guamblin National Park
1167:Alerce Andino National Park
1133:Los Arrayanes National Park
952:, South America's smallest
786:Northern Patagonian forests
333:Magellanic subpolar forests
303:An old-grown pure stand of
179:Valdivian temperate forests
110:Magellanic subpolar forests
10:
2003:
1373:(owned by Víctor Peterman)
1222:Futaleufú National Reserve
1217:Coyhaique National Reserve
1192:Carlos Anwandter Sanctuary
1148:Nahuel Huapí National Park
1061:
992:Enicognathus leptorhynchus
397:
231:
1885:41.3301083°S 73.6613778°W
1459:Chilean Native Forest Law
1428:Valdivian Coastal Reserve
1128:Los Alerces National Park
1054:Teachers and students of
870:much of the area west of
740:Patagonian Andean forests
736:Patagonian Andean forests
167:
162:
141:
133:
128:
97:
85:
73:
68:
56:
37:
32:
1947:Natural history of Chile
1890:-41.3301083; -73.6613778
1820:. Accessed 4 March 2023.
1604:Plant Geography of Chile
1357:Villarrica National Park
1302:Nahuelbuta National Park
1242:La Campana National Park
1232:Huerquehue National Park
1227:Hornopirén National Park
1207:Conguillío National Park
1153:
1138:Lago Puelo National Park
1004:Black-throated huet-huet
974:Rhyncholestes raphanurus
903:
712:, with an understory of
685:Laureliopsis philippiana
670:Nahuelbuta National Park
536:Lophosoria quadripinnata
433:
424:Submediterranean climate
331:. To the south lies the
1927:Ecoregions of Argentina
1794:Editorial Universitaria
1743:Editorial Universitaria
1669:Editorial Universitaria
1558:Editorial Universitaria
1212:Corcovado National Park
1117:List of protected areas
988:slender-billed parakeet
709:Weinmannia trichosperma
616:, where it is known as
228:trees are also common.
1987:Neotropical ecoregions
1846:. World Wildlife Fund.
1844:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1521:. World Wildlife Fund.
1519:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1449:
1432:The Nature Conservancy
1347:Tolhuaca National Park
1337:Ralco National Reserve
1292:Melimoyu National Park
1059:
1020:Ochre-flanked tapaculo
962:Chilean climbing mouse
925:(Dromiciops gliroides)
915:
890:Chilean Central Valley
579:
463:temperate rain forests
454:
312:
296:
250:Chilean Central Valley
120:Southern Andean steppe
1741:. Santiago de Chile:
1447:Queulat National Park
1445:at Cuesta Queulat in
1441:
1379:(administered by the
1327:Queulat National Park
1322:Puyehue National Park
1307:Nonguén National Park
1053:
1034:Aristotelia chilensis
1016:Scelorchilus rubecula
970:Chilean shrew opossum
941:the world's smallest
911:
868:Llanquihue glaciation
797:Nothofagus betuloides
779:Nothofagus antarctica
762:Fitzroya cupressoides
703:Caldcluvia paniculata
680:laurel-leaved forests
664:monkey-puzzle trees (
651:Nothofagus antarctica
573:
542:Parablechnum cordatum
441:
311:at the Pacific coast.
302:
290:
278:Chilean Lake District
1942:Ecology of Patagonia
1796:. pp. 113–134.
1671:. pp. 301–315.
1480:Notes and references
1197:Chiloé National Park
1000:Patagioenas araucana
876:Last Glacial Maximum
834:Origin and evolution
813:Podocarpus nubigenus
715:Myrceugenia planipes
697:Eucryphia cordifolia
691:Aextoxicon punctatum
529:or Chilean rhubarb (
447:Bosque de Fray Jorge
329:last glacial maximum
327:) as remains of the
266:Patagonian Ice Sheet
197:. It is part of the
1972:Chilean Coast Range
1932:Ecoregions of Chile
1880: /
1786:Villagrán, Carolina
1731:Villagrán, Carolina
1712:Villagrán, Carolina
1661:Villagrán, Carolina
1550:Villagrán, Carolina
1143:Lanín National Park
1103:ecotourism industry
1008:Pteroptochos tarnii
859:. There are a few "
857:uplift of the Andes
806:and the coniferous
614:Chilean Coast Range
497:to this ecoregion.
420:orographic rainfall
412:Chilean Coast Range
360:Northern California
246:Chilean Coast Range
1962:Trees of Argentina
1957:Flora of Argentina
1745:. pp. 29–49.
1735:Arroyo, Mary Kalin
1587:2008-04-11 at the
1560:. pp. 71–99.
1546:Arroyo, Mary Kalin
1450:
1060:
950:(Leopardus guigna)
916:
791:Nothofagus dombeyi
752:Araucaria araucana
666:Araucaria araucana
580:
455:
313:
297:
258:Chonos Archipelago
1692:Adams, Jonathan.
1064:Native Forest Law
1024:Eugralla paradoxa
966:Irenomys tarsalis
623:Nothofagus glauca
599:Nothofagus alpina
586:Deciduous forests
566:Forest ecosystems
531:Gunnera tinctoria
356:Pacific Northwest
341:Patagonian steppe
262:Gulf of Corcovado
199:Neotropical realm
175:
174:
115:Patagonian steppe
16:(Redirected from
1994:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1878:
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1807:
1781:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1696:. Archived from
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1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1616:
1610:
1600:
1591:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1542:
1523:
1522:
1511:
1498:
1493:
1464:Chilean matorral
1422:Sebastián Piñera
921:monito del monte
774:bristlecone pine
533:) and the ferns
321:Chilean Matorral
105:Chilean matorral
61:
42:
30:
29:
21:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1907:
1906:
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1705:
1690:
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1679:
1656:
1652:
1617:
1613:
1601:
1594:
1589:Wayback Machine
1579:
1575:
1568:
1543:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1455:
1156:
1124:
1119:
1111:
1109:Protected areas
1070:
1048:
1012:Chucao tapaculo
906:
872:Llanquihue Lake
836:
821:Rapoport's rule
568:
557:pioneer species
553:Lapageria rosea
512:Chusquea culeou
479:Antarctic flora
436:
400:
392:Baja California
380:Baja California
368:Rocky Mountains
364:Southern Alaska
309:Punta Curiñanco
242:Andes Mountains
234:
181:(NT0404) is an
158:
124:
64:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2000:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Trees of Chile
1964:
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726:Luma apiculata
672:to the Andes.
629:N. Alessandrii
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1698:the original
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1097:Director of
1079:
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1046:Conservation
1037:
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1007:
999:
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985:
978:
973:
965:
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894:glacifluvial
879:
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853:monospecific
851:species and
837:
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811:
810:, including
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678:. Valdivian
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444:cloud forest
428:
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349:
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235:
207:understories
178:
176:
163:Conservation
1888: /
939:(Pudu puda)
898:periglacial
866:During the
521:quilantales
483:New Zealand
451:Norte Chico
418:, creating
80:Neotropical
1911:Categories
1894: (
1803:9561112841
1752:9561112841
1678:9561112841
1567:9561112841
1430:(owned by
1420:(owned by
1410:(owned by
1400:(owned by
1398:Oncol Park
1090:eucalyptus
1075:Nothofagus
1062:See also:
1036:) and the
958:wild boars
945:, and the
881:Nothofagus
657:N. pumilio
634:Nothofagus
609:N. obliqua
442:Valdivian
404:westerlies
388:California
305:Aextoxicon
268:and other
222:angiosperm
50:Oncol Park
46:understory
44:Trees and
1377:Llancahue
1122:Argentina
1094:woodchips
933:southern
929:marsupial
808:podocarps
646:krummholz
642:tree line
491:Australia
347:species.
219:evergreen
195:Argentina
183:ecoregion
168:Protected
154:Argentina
142:Countries
129:Geography
1737:(eds.).
1585:Archived
1453:See also
1364:Private:
1081:Fitzroya
845:Gondwana
826:Lowland
744:conifers
487:Tasmania
414:and the
293:Coñaripe
270:glaciers
256:and the
203:Valdivia
1896:CHECKME
1160:Public:
1039:copihue
1018:), and
886:refugia
849:endemic
764:). The
721:arrayán
555:) is a
548:copihue
495:endemic
410:of the
398:Climate
384:Sonoran
372:prairie
345:endemic
337:Atacama
319:of the
274:ice age
232:Setting
226:conifer
211:bamboos
98:Borders
69:Ecology
1800:
1749:
1675:
1626:Bosque
1564:
1443:Nalcas
1412:CODEFF
1099:CONAMA
968:) and
947:kodkod
931:, the
861:boreal
766:alerce
757:alerce
754:) and
748:pehuén
730:canopy
718:, the
706:, and
662:pehuén
602:) and
576:Alerce
507:bamboo
489:, and
358:(from
282:fjords
171:24.16%
1633:(3).
1154:Chile
1086:pines
1029:maqui
904:Fauna
828:soils
638:Andes
604:roble
594:rauli
526:nalca
505:is a
434:Flora
416:Andes
376:Texas
215:ferns
191:Chile
189:, in
149:Chile
87:Biome
75:Realm
1798:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1673:ISBN
1562:ISBN
1088:and
1078:and
1066:and
1056:UACh
986:The
943:deer
935:pudú
913:Pudú
896:and
800:and
654:and
626:and
539:and
390:and
382:and
193:and
177:The
134:Area
1639:doi
1010:),
1002:),
954:cat
843:of
648:of
473:of
465:in
362:to
307:in
209:of
48:at
1913::
1842:.
1776:^
1761:^
1733:;
1637:.
1631:40
1595:^
1527:^
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1502:^
1488:^
1105:.
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20:)
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