4237:. The plan was first tried in November 1863, yet no serious consideration was given to it until early 1868. The tests proved so promising that by late in the following year two hundred adjustable-gauge cars were running between Chicago and Boston via the Michigan Central, the Grand Trunk, the Vermont Central, and several connecting lines in New England. The problems of the northern east-west route seemed to have been resolved, and three hundred more cars were ordered by National Despatch. his disruptive and costly conversion might have been avoided had the variable-gauge trucks worked as well as advertised. Problems obviously had developed. The keyway grooves were said to weaken the axles. Misgivings over the safety of the telescoping axles were voiced as early as 1846, long before the Grand Trunk test. Considerable skepticism was expressed as to the reliability of the workmen charged with loosening and tightening so many wheels day in and day out.
4225:
keys were locked in place by a long safety pin and giant rubber bands. The position of the wheel was shifted by a gradually diverging or converging track. In the shift from broad to standard, the keys would be loosened and removed at one end of the tapering track, workmen in a 4-foot-deep pit removed the keys from below the train. A long shed was built over the pits to protect the workmen. With the keys out, the train was slowly pushed down the track, and the wheels-would be forced inward as the train moved along the converging rails. Once at the end, the workers would reinsert and lock the wedges and the train could go on its way. The change could be done in five to ten minutes. When shifting to broad gauge, a third rail set inside the tapering track pushed the wheel out to the wider gauge. Shifting stations were located at
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86:
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3000:
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2003:
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1918:
2458:, or a train including a variable gauge locomotive (e.g. Talgo 250) and rolling stock, may drive straight across a gauge changer. Normally the locomotive will not be able to change gauge, meaning that it must move out of the way whilst the remainder of the train itself passes through. On the opposite side, a new locomotive of the other gauge will couple to the train.
2468:
A train (or an individual car) can be pushed halfway across the gauge-changer, uncoupled, and then (once far enough across) coupled to the new locomotive and pulled the rest of the way. A long length of wire-rope with hooks on the end means that the process can be asynchronous, with the rope used to
3150:
Steam locomotive are generally not gauge convertible on-the-fly. While diesel locomotives can be bogie exchanged, this is not normally done owing to the complexity in the reconnection of cables and hoses. In
Australia, some locomotives are transferred between gauges. The transfer might happen every
3063:
1435mm gauge infrastructure, was first implemented on 11 December 2022. Moreover, while the gauge is being automatically changed at
Zweisimmen, the air spring mounted on the bogie cross member is automatically adjusted by 200 mm to match the body height with the platform height on the MOB or BLS AG
2765:
The first-generation train was tested from 1998 to 2006, including on the US High-speed Test Track in 2002. The second-generation train, intended to run at a maximum speed of 270 km/h (168 mph), was test-run in various locations in Japan between 2006 and 2013. A third-generation train has
4321:
Traffic between Tornio and
Haaparanta continued to decline slightly. Measures were taken to boost the volume on this line by speeding up border crossing formalities. Development of a new track gauge changing machine made further progress and testing will be started in Tornio in the early spring of
4224:
The scheme selected was patented by C.D. Tisdale of East Boston, Massachusetts, with the first patent having been issued in March 1863. Special wheels with extra-large hubs were fitted with key wedges. The axles were notched so that the wheels could be set at standard or 5 -foot 6-inch gauge. The
3120:
gauge) following a successful trial in 1906 using
Bradford tram car number 124. The system was later patented by â GB190601695 (A) of 1906. This system was improved again in patent GB190919655 (A) of 1909 by introducing a locking system acting on the wheel and axle rather than just the wheel rim.
4394:
Trials with systems with automatic track gauge change technique have been going on at the border between Sweden and
Finland since 1997 during severe winter conditions. Two different systems, the Spanish Talgo system and the German Rafil system, have been tested. We have decided to go on with the
3959:
For the bogie, compatibility with the two track gauges is ensured by moving sideways the bogie halves with the wheels mounted on them, and by raising the air spring mounted on the bogie cross member from the low to high platform height. At the end of 2008 Prose began work to develop a prototype
1780:
Different systems have different limitations, for example, some can be used on carriages and wagons only and are unsuitable for motive power, while others require that rolling stock is unloaded before going through the gauge changer. When one of the gauges is narrow there may not be enough space
4666:
A new test track, which opened in
December 2001, is being used to help develop and test the dual-gauge concept. The 14.4 km track between Olmedo and Medina del Campo in Valladolid province, includes 10 km of tangent track (part of the old Segovia-Medina line, which has been out of service since
2590:
without transshipment. Five hundred vehicles were fitted with "adjustable gauge trucks" but following heavy day-in, day-out use the system proved unsatisfactory, particularly in cold and snowy weather. The system used telescoping axles with wide hubs that allowed the wheels to be squeezed or
2472:
On long-distance trains in Spain and night trains crossing from Spain into France, the arriving locomotive stops just short of the gauge changer, uncouples and moves into a short siding out of the way. Gravity then moves the train through the gauge changer at a controlled low speed. The new
3769:
Gasanov, Isolde; Hoffmann, Hans-Karsten (2007). "Automatische
Spurwechseltechnik fĂŒr GĂŒterwagen: Derzeit wird der Warenaustausch auf der Schiene durch die in Europa vorhandenen unterschiedlichen Spurweiten stark beeintrĂ€chtigt" [Automated gauge-change system for freight wagons].
3138:
In VGA, the train is pulled through the "adjuster" at about 15 km/h (9.3 mph) without any need to uncouple the wagons or disconnect (and test) the brake equipment. Alternatively, as the train need not be uncoupled, the locomotive may pull the coupled carriages all together.
3843:
3055:. The bogie has no axles, which allow the bogie half frames holding the wheels on both sides to slide sideways relative to each other. The EV09-Prose gauge changer at Zweisimmen was satisfactorily tested on 19 June 2019. The system, designed to allow operation on both
2489:
In 1933, as many as 140 inventions were offered to
Australia railways to overcome the breaks of gauge between the different states. None was accepted. About 20 of these devices were adjustable wheels/axles of some kind or another, which may be analogous to the modern
5061:"First gauge-changeable electric loco under test: what is claimed to be the world's first gauge-changeable high-speed electric locomotive is about to start the certification process in Spain. Talgo explains the background to this exciting project to David Briginshaw"
3756:
The DB AG/Rafil Type V change gauge wheel set consists of a wheel set shaft and two axially displaceable solid wheels, which are joined to the shaft by a locking system. The solid wheel has been derived from the well-proved solid wheel of the 004 type of DB
2317:
A gauge changer is a device which forces the gauge adjustment in the wheels. Designs consist of a pair of running rails that gradually vary in width between the two gauges, combined with other rails and levers to perform the following steps, using
5284:
3391:
2861:
lines and connections to France, using the standard gauge. Two gauge changes are installed on lines to France and at all entrances/exits leading between the high-speed network and older lines. There are also significant lengths of
1459:). Similar systems for freight traffic are still in their infancy, as the higher axle weight increases the technological challenge. Although several alternatives exist, including transferring freight, replacing individual
3537:
Variable gauge systems: SUW 2000, Poland; DBAG/Rafil Type V, Germany; CAF BRAVA, Spain; Talgo RD, Spain; Japan RTRI; Korea KRRI DB Rafil Type V and PKP SUW 2000 are technically compatible and thereby 'interoperable'
3739:
2446:, Switzerland, there is less room between the wheels for the gauge change mechanism, the traction motors, and the brakes. The diameter of the wheels also limits the axleload to no more than 22.5 tonnes.
4667:
1993), a gauge-changing facility, workshops, and a technical building for the interlocking. ... The test track is not yet electrified, so initial tests, which started in
January, were conducted using a
3408:
For this purpose a survey has been conducted of the various AGCS solutions available (chapters 2, 3 and 4), the potential market share (chapter 5) and the cost-effectiveness of the system (chapter 6).
2469:
bridge across the length of the gauge changer (to temporarily couple the arriving cars and receiving locomotive, although without braking control from the locomotive to the train vehicles).
2817:
north of the
Lithuanian-Polish border. VGA passenger trains between Lithuania and Poland were running between October 1999 and May 2005, and VGA goods trains between early 2000s and 2009.
4347:
In 2002 through workings by suitable wagons had been involved in cooperation of Finnish VR, Green Cargo and Nordwaggon. A Gauge-changer of German design "Rafil" was installed at Tornia
1436:
Variable gauge systems exist within the internal network of Spain, and are installed on international links between Spain/France (Spanish train), Sweden/Finland (Swedish train), Poland/
3882:
1471:
or the simple transshipment of freight or passengers, they are impractical, thus a cheap and fast system for changing gauge would be beneficial for cross-border freight traffic.
3743:
1617:
in Switzerland. The system was originally called the "Vevey axle". The design was subsequently obtained and improved by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF).
4805:
2293:
The Talgo RD GC changes gauge at a speed of 15 kilometres per hour (9.3 mph; 4.2 m/s) so a 100 m (328 ft) train takes only 24 seconds to convert.
4961:
2793:
1730:
system; the bogie wheels are individually suspended without a connecting axle, and their gauge can be adjusted. Furthermore, while the gauge is being changed, the
2781:
2285:
The maximum speed of the trains equipped with the different technologies varies. Only CAF and Talgo produce high-speed VGA, allowing speeds up to 330 km/h.
5040:
3779:
3653:
3868:
5304:
3154:
By 2004, variable gauge electric passenger locomotives were available from Talgo. It is not clear if variable gauge freight locomotives are available.
4363:
4114:
1749:
The variable gauge systems are not themselves all compatible. The SUW 2000 and Rafil Type V systems are interoperable, as are TALGO-RD and CAF-BRAVA.
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52:
5807:
4408:
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339:
2891:
Forty-five CAF/Alstom 25 kV AC/3 kV DC, variable gauge EMUs for 250 km/h regional services, between October 2006 and May 2009 (âŹ580 million)
2357:
2353:
4851:
1636:
691:
3587:
3198:
A gauge adjustable bogie complete with wheelsets weighs a total of about one ton/tonne more than a conventional bogie and normally must use
1429:. Vehicles are equipped with variable gauge axles (VGA). The gauge is altered by driving the train through a gauge changer installed at the
6290:
5334:
1761:
4671:
XXI diesel train. Tests include running through turnouts and crossings at a maximum of 242 km/h on plain track and 110 km/h on deviations.
4249:
4203:
1772:
VGA is particularly important with international railway traffic because gauge changes tend to occur more often at international borders.
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3271:
5104:
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3726:
2319:
1607:
5289:
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Twenty-six 25 kV AC variable gauge trains for 250 km/h (155 mph) long-distance services using two Bombardier power cars and
2465:
train with a locomotive can drive across a gauge change at 1 axle per second at a speed of about 10â15 km/h (6.2â9.3 mph).
5998:
5031:
Netzel, Andreas (2008). "Der automatisch umspurbare HGV-Triebzug Talgo 250" [The Talgo 250 variable gauge high-speed train].
4703:
3392:"Implementation of Automatic Gauge Changeover Systems: available technical solutions, cost effectiveness and standardisation. (AGCS)"
2978:
447:
4781:
3637:
3439:
3465:
1359:
1351:
3007:
Variable gauge bogies are implemented on the MontreuxâGstaadâZweisimmenâSpiezâInterlaken line. Trains automatically switch from
832:
6646:
6266:
6154:
4752:
4627:
2825:
There are two gauge changing facilities of the Polish SUW 2000 system installed on the Polish-Ukrainian border, one of them in
1405:
6551:
6697:
5407:
5201:
3479:
1355:
6546:
5362:
3549:
3471:
Development of the Trans-Asian Railway: Trans-Asian Railway in the North-south Corridor, Northern Europe to the Persian Gulf
6651:
5078:
4600:
3185:
200 km (124 mi) from the border to Barcelona and Madrid. Two Talgo 250 power cars haul 11 passenger trailer cars.
1654:
1347:
17:
5046:
4965:
3785:
5769:
1675:
759:
6541:
5252:
4474:
1734:
is changed by 200 mm to match the difference in the platform heights on the two different gauge railways comprising the
6076:
5845:
3941:
1526:. Systems allow the adjustment between two gauges. No gauge changer designs supporting more than two gauges are used.
5641:
4275:
4162:
3056:
2853:
Spain is the largest user of variable gauge systems. This is because of the need to connect older mainlines built to
272:
6641:
5516:
5327:
3172:
2718:
The "Gauge Change Train" is a project started in Japan in the 1990s to investigate the feasibility of producing an
2526:
1343:
186:
2766:
been undergoing reliability trials since 2014 in preparation for potential introduction to service on the planned
6625:
6232:
5262:
5247:
Railway axle assembly furnished with automatic change of track gauge and adaptable to conventional freight bogies
4180:
3657:
3368:
2595:
675:
648:
62:
6661:
5972:
5511:
3976:
1195:
1035:
173:
146:
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6656:
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4987:
4876:
4685:
4435:
4011:
3946:
3905:
3292:
3107:
1288:
415:
4301:
4137:
3960:
bogie based on MOB's concepts, while the two companies worked together on a protype gauge-changing facility.
5934:
5358:
4532:
4378:
3485:
976:
956:
951:
6328:
6692:
5320:
5162:
5140:
5118:
3918:
2473:
locomotive is coupled onto the front only after the full train has finished passing through the changer.
1143:
1138:
4420:
3821:
3798:
1669:
6488:
5908:
5370:
3052:
2510:
2443:
1398:
1190:
113:
2356:
system, a constant spray of water is used to lubricate the metal surfaces, to reduce heat and wear. A
6620:
6615:
6587:
4855:
4554:
2649:
2622:
gauge changer at the Haparanda end used to exist, but was removed as it required de-icing in winter.
1876:
1460:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1155:
1012:
928:
57:
47:
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3347:
2833:(Ukraine) on the KrakĂłw-Lviv line. On 14 December 2003 VGA passenger trains were introduced between
6316:
5960:
5795:
5580:
3714:
3697:
1447:
A system for changing gauge without the need to stop is in widespread use for passenger traffic in
1318:
1254:
1050:
743:
399:
256:
85:
4888:
4395:
Rafil system. 14 bogies has been bought. Commercial traffic has been going on since October 2005.
2360:
gauge changer is 20 m (65 ft 7 in) long and 6 m (19 ft 8 in) wide.
6380:
5896:
5871:
4187:
used adjustable gauge trucks. However neither method proved satisfactory, and full conversion to
3111:
1323:
1283:
1205:
966:
816:
431:
6687:
6582:
6206:
6029:
4585:
4434:
Oda, Kazuhiro; Ohtsuyama, Sumiaki; Kobayashi, Hideyuki; Kawano, Ichiro; Mimura, Yuichi (2003).
4335:
4253:
4211:
2719:
1456:
1313:
1210:
1079:
1017:
923:
789:
618:
483:
229:
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2513:
and was of a more automatic design. The Talgo RD design is even more automatic and efficient.
6682:
6515:
6392:
5647:
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5528:
3226:
3219:
3213:
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961:
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102:
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5348:
4226:
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1333:
531:
135:
72:
4940:"THE EST CRASH BUFFER â Information and References on the EST Crash Buffers G1, R1 and X1"
4707:
8:
6068:
5673:
5431:
5419:
4184:
3883:"INA ELGOGLIDE Âź Plain Bushes in SUW 2000 Gauge Changeover Systems from ZNTK PoznĂĄn S.A."
3634:
3588:"New Swift international train makes first journey with passengers from Moscow to Berlin"
3443:
3122:
2708:
The Japanese third-generation GCT "Gauge Change Train" EMU on a test run in November 2014
2549:
2536:
Orders for 7 Talgo VGA trainsets placed were placed in 2011. The trains under the brand "
2491:
1308:
1106:
1062:
520:
369:
326:
3469:
2591:
stretched apart through a gauge-changer, after holding pins had been manually released.
2522:
3521:
3281:
3199:
2994:
2713:
2301:
1736:
1266:
2614:
and Tornio, for use with variable gauge freight wagons. The Tornio gauge changer is a
5891:
5819:
5197:
5098:
4760:
4723:
3858:
3818:"Science Links Japan | Development of Traction Motor for Adjustable Gauge Train"
3475:
3072:
John Fowler mentions in 1886 at attempt by the GWR to develop a "telescopical" axle.
2767:
1468:
5082:
6180:
6128:
4589:. Vol. 47, no. 556. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. August 2007. pp. 86â87.
4447:
3287:
2949:
2845:. VGA saves about 3 hours compared to bogie exchange. The trains last ran in 2016.
2530:
1381:
1232:
1133:
1116:
588:
558:
5240:
5234:
5212:
5294:
5246:
4350:; a Talgo-type gauge changer at Haparanda. This one was already taken out of use.
4234:
3805:
3641:
3553:
3323:
3181:
locomotives were also planned to haul dual-voltage variable-gauge trainsets from
2858:
1185:
1180:
1165:
4604:
4510:
1753:
6572:
6567:
6037:
4806:"Gauge change system for GoldenPass Express in Zweisimmen - "Prose AG" company"
4188:
3680:"ĂCARTEMENTS VARIABLES: 'L' "ESSIEU MIRACLE" EST-IL NĂ DANS LE CANTON DE VAUD?"
3297:
3266:
3121:
This provided a more effective grip where the wheel was free to move along the
3102:
2842:
2633:
2587:
2537:
1650:
1595:
1515:
1464:
1452:
1430:
1200:
993:
913:
908:
5279:
5274:
5268:
4916:
4905:
4322:
1999. This machine will raise traffic volumes between Finland and Scandinavia.
4074:
4063:
4052:
4035:
3623:
3612:
2758:
2704:
2553:
1665:
6676:
6440:
6354:
5743:
5554:
4825:
4485:
4086:
3276:
3261:
3247:
3076:
2945:
2854:
2637:
2494:. VGA systems were mostly intended for Broad Gauge and Standard Gauge lines.
2455:
1731:
1523:
1249:
1175:
1170:
1148:
1097:
1057:
1045:
1001:
874:
2748:
high-speed network at 270â300 km/h (168â186 mph) and the original
1534:
4927:
3178:
2502:
1626:
1422:
1376:
1338:
1128:
5222:
TCRS4 system allows the pass of CAF, Talgo, Rafil-DB SUW2000 technologies
4511:"Tractor bogie with incorporated gauge-change system â Patentes Talgo S.A"
4279:
4166:
2985:
There is also a 14.4 km (8.95 mi) circular test track in Spain.
2476:
From 2014 gauge changing systems for freight wagons were being developed.
1781:
between the wheels for the Brakes, Gauge Changer and the Traction Motors.
5737:
5343:
4452:
4409:"Gauge Change Train. Development of Monitor System of Gauge Change Train"
3182:
2975:
2830:
2625:
2509:; these were fairly manual in operation. The newest installation was at
1426:
1069:
33:
6577:
4377:(Swedish National Rail Administration). pp. 14, 18. Archived from
3324:"New generation of gauge changeover Facilities: The UNICHANGER Project"
2953:
2745:
2696:) apart. Both bogie exchange and variable gauge adapters are provided.
2498:
1679:
1519:
1244:
1239:
1111:
1084:
918:
4939:
1764:
capable of handling four different VGA systems was under development.
5312:
5243:, patent EP0873929, assigned to Railway Technical Research Institute.
4374:
2611:
1757:
1437:
1040:
5214:
The Unichanger ProjectâNew generation of gauge changeover Facilities
3522:"Study on European Automatic Track Gauge Changeover Systems (ATGCS)"
2834:
4697:
4308:
4230:
3977:"From MOB to BLS: The GoldenPass Express variable gauge explained"
3302:
2884:) secondary lines but these are not connected to the main network.
2826:
2810:
1661:
1622:
1365:
4962:"SKF supplies new bearing solutions for Spanish Talgo locomotives"
2960:
4095:. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 14 August 1933. p. 15
2814:
2629:
2368:
At present the choice of gauge is limited to two out of three of
1584:
1451:, for services run on a mix of dedicated high-speed lines (using
1441:
5141:"08 Jul 1921 â BREAK OF GAUGE DEVICE. Demonstration Before Memb"
5119:"07 May 1915 â BREAK OF GAUGE PROBLEM. AUTOMATIC SLIDING WHEELS"
4826:"16 Feb 1886 â Sir John Fowler at Adelaide. (Herald's Telegram)"
4115:"04 Sep 1918 â BREAK OF GAUGE PROBLEM REPORT OF BOARD OF EXPERT"
3740:"Gauge change system could help ease movement between countries"
2799:
The second-generation "Gauge Change Train" EMU in September 2012
2326:
Verify that all vehicles in train are suitable for Gauge Change.
5163:"19 Jul 1922 â BREAK OF GAUGE PROBLEM. Captain Grieve's Device"
3060:
2964:
2607:
2506:
2310:
1261:
3926:
3727:
Variable-Gauge Wagon Wheelsets | International Railway Journal
5220:. Rail Technological Forum for Internationalization. Madrid.
4668:
3679:
3256:
3168:
3164:
2971:
2895:
2648:
A new gauge changer has been put in place in Akhalkalaki for
2462:
1577:
1448:
1160:
1123:
3390:
Tieri, Roberto; Cavicchi, Paolo; Kinderis, Vytautas (2016).
1629:. being developed in 2002 for use between Europe and Russia.
4630:[Poland â Ukraine: Another year without SUW 2000].
4475:"Japan Railway & Transport Review (see picture page 6)"
4433:
4210:. Colin Churcher's railway pages. June 2003. Archived from
2999:
2898:
Series VII trailer cars (âŹ370 million) Gauges involved are
2838:
2345:
2341:
Support off â put weight back on lock from the guide rails.
1632:
1588:
1227:
4699:
3241:
2329:
Support on â takes weight off lock and on the guide rails.
4183:
used a dual gauge system requiring a third rail, and the
3799:
Science Links Japan | Development of Variable Gauge Bogie
2787:
The first-generation "Gauge Change Train" EMU in May 2003
1872:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1835:
5196:(4 ed.). Fundación de los Ferrocarriles Españoles.
4830:
The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser
3701:
3568:
1613:
The BRAVA system was originally designed in 1968 by the
1601:
From 2014 for freight wagons up to 22.5 tonne axleloads
4407:
Kasai, Kenichi; Tsujino, Shodo; Uruga, Kenichi (2000).
2344:
Verify correct operation and generate statistics. Use
4017:
3993:
3389:
2756:) network at 130â140 km/h (81â87 mph). See
2610:
at the Finnish end of the dual-gauge section between
5190:
Automatic track gauge changeover for trains in Spain
3420:
Chudzikiewicz, Andrzej (2007). "Shifting Wheelset".
3237:
1726:)). Strictly speaking, this is not a variable gauge
4583:"æ°ćœąăăȘăŒăČăŒăžăăŹă€ăł" [New Gauge-changing Train].
4138:"Gauge-changing trains ordered for Moscow â Berlin"
4361:
3975:Trippi, Peider; Arnet, Roland (11 December 2022).
3742:. Rail International/Live Engineer. Archived from
2548:Variable gauge axles were used for a while on the
5265:-backed study of different variable gauge systems
5259:European Automatic Track Gauge Changeover Systems
4854:. Mylearning.org. 22 January 1907. Archived from
4406:
3128:
2632:and arriving from Germany and Sweden by sea used
2529:near the Belarusian-Polish border. It is used by
1514:Variable gauge axles help solve the problem of a
6674:
4889:"Variable-Gauge Wagon Wheelsets â Brief Article"
4364:"A bridge between differences in infrastructure"
4135:
3942:"Split-frame bogies overcome the break of gauge"
3820:. Sciencelinks.jp. 18 March 2009. Archived from
1583:The Talgo system has been in revenue service in
27:System used by trains to cross a break of gauge
5280:Close-up view of MOB's variable bogie in action
3867:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3768:
1572:There are several variable gauge axle systems:
5295:http://osjd.plaske.ua/en/doklad/wishnevski.doc
5253:Variable-Gauge Wagon Wheelsets â Brief Article
5235:A train axle system with variable gauge wheels
5211:Iglesias, Ignacio Jorge; ADIF (28 June 2011).
5026:
5024:
4638:
4552:
4333:
3939:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
1433:which moves the wheels to the gauge desired.
1425:to travel between two railways with different
5328:
4625:
4208:Bytown Railway Society, Branchline, June 2003
3970:
3968:
3419:
2829:(Poland) on the Warsaw-Kiyv line, another in
1399:
5255:, International Railway Journal, July, 1999
5210:
5004:
4628:"Polska â Ukraina: Kolejny rok bez SUW 2000"
3151:few months, but not for an individual trip.
2533:' fast trains connecting Moscow and Berlin.
1641:
5021:
3974:
3502:
3369:"Frictions On The New Silk Road â Analysis"
2887:In February 2004, RENFE placed orders for:
5335:
5321:
4786:gauge-changing bogie - "Prose AG" company"
4576:
3965:
3846:. Archived from the original on 2011-07-10
2722:(EMU) train capable of operating both the
2606:In 1999, a gauge-changer was installed at
2497:Break of Gauge stations were installed at
1608:Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
1591:, on the Spanish-French border, since 1969
1406:
1392:
5305:Automatic gauge changing systems in Spain
5249:, patent US5787814, assigned to Talgo SA.
5237:, patent EP1112908, assigned to Talgo SA.
4451:
4179:two mechanical solutions were tried: the
3684:La Vie du Rail, No. 1415, 4 November 1973
4681:
4679:
3519:
2998:
2959:November 2008 â High Speed trainset for
2809:A gauge changing facility of the Polish
2703:
2525:gauge changing facility is installed at
2300:
1767:
1533:
1480:Automatic Track Gauge Changeover Systems
5275:Talgo's Variable gauge system in action
5269:Talgo's variable gauge system explained
5187:Ălvarez, Alberto GarcĂa (August 2010).
5186:
4852:"Inventions in Transport from Bradford"
4252:. Railways.incanada.net. Archived from
4023:
3999:
3574:
3383:
3003:MOB gauge changing system at Zweisimmen
14:
6675:
5342:
5241:Variable gauge bogie for rolling stock
5103:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5030:
4555:"Development of Gauge-Changeable EMUs"
4513:. Freepatentsonline.com. 26 March 1997
3863:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5316:
4676:
4250:"Break of Gauge at Prescott Junction"
4204:"Break of Gauge at Prescott Junction"
3737:
3520:Kanclerz, Miroslaw (9 October 2007).
3163:L-9202 is an experimental high speed
4553:Ishige, Makoto (September 1, 2003).
4362:Lars-Ă
ke Josefsson (15 March 2007).
2674:) apart, southeastern end has rails
1655:Railway Technical Research Institute
3940:Gyr, Christoph (13 February 2023).
3064:portion of the GoldenPass Express.
2804:
24:
5180:
4626:Kasper Fiszer (31 December 2018).
3440:"The Variable Gauge Rolling Truck"
1598:(swift) between Moscow and Berlin.
25:
6709:
5228:
5005:Idea TV GmbH (21 February 2006).
4436:"Developing a Gauge-Changing EMU"
3919:"Maintenance and service - PROSE"
3067:
3057:Montreux Oberland Bernois Railway
2820:
2601:
2516:
2288:
4334:Thorsten BĂŒker (December 2004).
4278:. Home.cogeco.ca. Archived from
3240:
2792:
2780:
2296:
2280:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2135:
2125:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2085:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1744:
1657:) to be used on motorised axles.
1375:
1000:
975:
84:
5155:
5143:. Trove.nla.gov.au. 8 July 1921
5133:
5111:
5071:
5053:
4998:
4980:
4954:
4942:. Crashbuffer.com. 16 June 2005
4932:
4921:
4910:
4899:
4881:
4870:
4844:
4818:
4798:
4774:
4745:
4706:. Goldenpass.ch. Archived from
4691:
4646:"GIF develops dual-gauge track"
4619:
4593:
4546:
4525:
4503:
4467:
4427:
4400:
4371:Automatic track gauge technique
4355:
4336:"border lines Sweden â Finland"
4327:
4294:
4268:
4242:
4196:
4165:. Niagara Rails. Archived from
4155:
4129:
4107:
4079:
4068:
4057:
4046:
4040:
4029:
4005:
3933:
3911:
3899:
3875:
3836:
3810:
3792:
3762:
3731:
3720:
3708:
3690:
3672:
3646:
3628:
3617:
3606:
3580:
3059:'s (MOB) 1000mm gauge line and
2618:design from Germany; a similar
2420:). With narrow gauges such as
1676:MontreuxâLenk im Simmental line
1538:Variable gauge axle DR III for
1484:Rolling Stock Re-Gauging System
4988:"Transportation and Logistics"
4276:"Niagara Rails â Introduction"
3654:"HIGH-SPEED TRAIN ATPRD s-120"
3542:
3458:
3432:
3413:
3361:
3340:
3316:
3145:
3129:Comparison with bogie exchange
2988:
2363:
2213:Standard Gauge/Narrower Gauge
13:
1:
5065:International Railway Journal
4893:International Railway Journal
4686:Railway Gazette International
4650:International Railway Journal
4012:Railway Gazette International
3947:International Railway Journal
3906:Railway Gazette International
3772:Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau
3310:
3293:Ramsey car-transfer apparatus
3272:Bradford Corporation Tramways
3133:
2652:. Northwestern end has rails
2540:" are in service since 2016.
2348:power and supervisory cables.
2147:Standard Gauge/Broader Gauge
1678:, also developed by Prose of
1191:Passenger traffic terminology
400:Three foot six inch
6698:International rail transport
6525:List of track gauge articles
4652:. March 2002. Archived from
4562:Railway Technology Avalanche
4036:Talgo RD Gauge Change video
2594:Railway operations over the
2484:
2479:
2449:
2335:Move wheels to new position.
2082:(change with load on wheels)
1518:without having to resort to
1496:Variable Gauge Rolling Truck
1488:Rail Gauge Adjustment System
432:Four foot six inch
7:
5512:2 foot and 600 mm
4419:(10): 47â52. Archived from
3233:
3157:
1832:Railways for which suitable
1775:
1509:
10:
6714:
3466:"Operational Requirements"
3206:
2992:
2981:gauge change final drives.
2773:
2711:
2643:
1568:) gauge, developed in 1957
1529:
1476:Gauge Adjustable Wheelsets
1474:Alternative names include
1440:(Polish train) and Poland/
6634:
6603:
6560:
6537:List of tram track gauges
6524:
6313:, Pennsylvania gauge
6067:
6028:
5502:
5489:1 ft 10 in
5357:
3804:February 6, 2012, at the
3640:February 4, 2012, at the
3422:Machine Dynamics Problems
3202:, which cool more slowly.
3192:
3142:See Talgo Gauge Changer.
2650:Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway
2543:
2309:gauge changing system in
1789:
1455:) and older lines (using
1304:List of high-speed trains
785:
687:
644:
527:
518:
510:
473:
268:
198:
142:
133:
125:
100:
92:
83:
6552:Large amusement railways
6382:5 ft 6 in
6318:5 ft 3 in
5969:), almost standard gauge
5962:4 ft 8 in
5898:4 ft 6 in
5884:4 ft 1 in
5814:3 ft 7 in
5797:3 ft 6 in
5582:2 ft 6 in
5518:2 ft 3 in
5033:ZEV Rail Glasers Annalen
5009:. Innovations-report.com
4440:Quarterly Report of RTRI
3474:. 2001. pp. 49â58.
2848:
2754:3 ft 6 in
2699:
2558:5 ft 6 in
2418:5 ft 6 in
6351:), Baltimore gauge
6060:, Stephenson gauge
5007:"High-speed locomotive"
4700:http://www.webexpert.ch
4302:"VR Annual Report 1998"
3218:1921. C. R. Prosser. â
3212:1915. C. W. Prosser. â
2813:system is installed at
2770:extension to Nagasaki.
2598:were also complicated.
1643:Radsatzfabrik Ilsenburg
1206:Railway nationalization
6547:Minimum-gauge railways
6263:), Russian gauge.
5363:Minimum-gauge railways
4992:innovations-report.com
4917:Talgo RD Gauge Changer
4586:Japan Railfan Magazine
4136:DVV Media Group GmbH.
3550:"Talgo Variable Gauge"
3004:
2720:electric multiple unit
2709:
2314:
1642:
1569:
1314:Longest train services
1196:Named passenger trains
6662:lists of track gauges
6516:Krasnoyarsk ship lift
6489:LÀrchwandschrÀgaufzug
6377:), Iberian gauge
6229:), Toronto gauge
4968:on September 28, 2011
4704:"Droits insuffisants"
4688:November 2008, p. 881
4601:"East - intercity.pl"
4533:"Shinkai Corporation"
3738:Schwartze, Matthias.
3715:Jane's World Railways
3396:railknowledgebank.com
3002:
2956:, Spanish test track.
2841:(Ukraine) instead of
2759:U.S. patent 5,816,170
2707:
2304:
1768:International traffic
1670:Polish State Railways
1653:RTRI (from the Japan
1537:
1504:track change wheelset
1329:Platform screen doors
6532:List of track gauges
6437:), Brunel gauge
6389:), Indian gauge
5931:), Scotch gauge
5905:), Scotch gauge
4753:"Factsheets - PROSE"
4453:10.2219/rtriqr.44.99
4227:Pointe-Saint-Charles
4092:The Brisbane Courier
4075:Gauge Change freight
3929:on 10 February 2009.
2628:traffic operated by
1469:transporter flatcars
1382:Transport portal
1334:Railway speed record
744:Five foot three inch
18:Variable gauge axles
6611:Tram and light rail
6325:), Irish gauge
5710:Italian metre gauge
4994:. 21 February 2006.
4423:on 11 October 2008.
4064:Talgo GC in action.
3908:December 2008 p 944
3824:on 17 February 2012
3225:1922. J. Grieve. â
2550:Grand Trunk Railway
2390:) and broad gauges
1883:Passenger carriages
1664:system produced by
1647:for Deutsche Bahn).
1309:List of train songs
1186:High-speed railways
1139:Couplers by country
988:Part of a series on
532:Italian broad gauge
187:Two foot three inch
6693:Vehicle technology
6542:Miniature railways
5642:Swedish three foot
5165:. Trove.nla.gov.au
5121:. Trove.nla.gov.au
4906:Talgo Gauge Change
4832:. Trove.nla.gov.au
4710:on 13 October 2009
4656:on 11 October 2008
4311:. 1998. p. 12
4117:. Trove.nla.gov.au
3746:on 10 October 2008
3594:. Russian Railways
3282:Gauge Change Train
3222:Friday 8 July 1921
3075:Trams ran between
3005:
2995:GoldenPass Express
2974:250 supplied with
2859:high-speed railway
2857:and extensive new
2714:Gauge Change Train
2710:
2636:facilities in the
2315:
1737:GoldenPass Express
1732:height of the body
1639:for freight (from
1594:It is used on the
1570:
1500:track gauge change
1144:Coupler conversion
817:Five foot six inch
718:Pennsylvania gauge
692:Pennsylvania gauge
273:Swedish three foot
6670:
6669:
6647:by imperial units
6561:Gauge differences
5892:Middleton Railway
5352:
5203:978-84-89649-56-9
4731:External link in
4491:on 8 October 2006
4282:on 26 August 2013
4169:on 26 August 2013
3704:on 25 March 2006.
3577:, pp. 31â34.
3481:978-92-1-120099-7
3446:on March 10, 2007
3371:. 26 January 2017
3348:"Avant Serie 121"
3175:) VGA locomotive.
2768:Kyushu Shinkansen
2454:A variable gauge
2278:
2277:
1492:Shifting wheelset
1416:
1415:
1134:Railway couplings
1117:Steam locomotives
983:
982:
896:
895:
257:Two foot six inch
40:By transport mode
16:(Redirected from
6705:
6583:Gauge conversion
6513:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6498:29 ft
6495:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6471:26 ft
6468:
6463:), Breitspurbahn
6462:
6460:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6443:
6436:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6415:), De Arend
6414:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6395:
6388:
6383:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6357:
6350:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6338:
6335:
6324:
6319:
6312:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6288:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6228:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6183:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6131:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6105:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6079:
6059:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6001:
5994:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5968:
5963:
5956:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5930:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5915:
5904:
5899:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5874:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5848:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5822:
5815:
5810:
5803:
5798:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5772:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5716:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5688:
5681:
5676:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5620:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5595:
5588:
5583:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5557:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5531:
5524:
5519:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5446:
5439:
5434:
5427:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5385:
5378:
5373:
5346:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5224:
5219:
5207:
5195:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5085:on 13 March 2016
5081:. Archived from
5075:
5069:
5068:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5028:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4964:. Archived from
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4936:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4885:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4759:. Archived from
4749:
4743:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4663:
4661:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4603:. Archived from
4597:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4559:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4490:
4484:. Archived from
4479:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4368:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4344:
4342:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4306:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4256:on 7 August 2008
4246:
4240:
4239:
4221:
4219:
4214:on 7 August 2008
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:became necessary
4176:
4174:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4087:"BREAK OF GAUGE"
4083:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3981:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3925:. Archived from
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3887:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3814:
3808:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3700:. Archived from
3694:
3688:
3687:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3656:. Archived from
3650:
3644:
3632:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3552:. Archived from
3546:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3517:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3484:. Archived from
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3442:. Archived from
3436:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3320:
3288:Interoperability
3250:
3245:
3244:
3119:
3114:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3010:
2950:Medina del Campo
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2901:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2865:
2805:Lithuania/Poland
2796:
2784:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2725:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2655:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2552:in the 1860s in
2531:Russian Railways
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2371:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1784:
1783:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1685:
1645:
1606:CAF-BRAVA (from
1567:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1541:
1461:wheels and axles
1444:(Polish train).
1423:railway vehicles
1408:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1379:
1080:Gauge conversion
1004:
985:
984:
979:
891:
890:
886:
865:
864:
860:
810:
809:
805:
802:
780:
779:
775:
772:
737:
736:
732:
729:
712:
711:
707:
704:
669:
668:
664:
661:
639:
638:
634:
631:
609:
608:
604:
601:
579:
578:
574:
571:
552:
551:
547:
544:
505:
504:
500:
497:
468:
467:
463:
460:
390:
389:
385:
382:
360:
359:
355:
352:
320:
319:
315:
312:
293:
292:
288:
285:
250:
249:
245:
242:
223:
222:
218:
215:
167:
166:
162:
159:
88:
81:
80:
30:
29:
21:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6652:by metric units
6630:
6599:
6556:
6520:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6466:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6447:9 ft
6446:
6441:
6434:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6420:7 ft
6419:
6409:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6399:6 ft
6398:
6393:
6386:
6381:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6361:5 ft
6360:
6355:
6348:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6330:5 ft
6329:
6322:
6317:
6310:
6302:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6292:5 ft
6291:
6286:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6268:5 ft
6267:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6247:4 ft
6246:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6226:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6208:4 ft
6207:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6187:4 ft
6186:
6181:
6174:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6156:4 ft
6155:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6135:4 ft
6134:
6129:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:4 ft
6107:
6103:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6083:4 ft
6082:
6077:
6063:
6057:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6039:4 ft
6038:
6024:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6005:4 ft
6004:
5999:
5992:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5974:4 ft
5973:
5966:
5961:
5954:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5936:4 ft
5935:
5928:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5910:4 ft
5909:
5902:
5897:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5872:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5852:3 ft
5851:
5846:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5826:3 ft
5825:
5820:
5813:
5808:
5801:
5796:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:3 ft
5775:
5770:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5750:3 ft
5749:
5744:
5736:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5719:3 ft
5718:
5714:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5692:3 ft
5691:
5686:
5679:
5674:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5654:2 ft
5653:
5648:
5640:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:2 ft
5622:
5618:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5599:2 ft
5598:
5593:
5586:
5581:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5561:2 ft
5560:
5555:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5535:2 ft
5534:
5529:
5522:
5517:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5468:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5376:
5371:
5361:
5353:
5341:
5307:
5231:
5217:
5204:
5193:
5183:
5181:Further reading
5178:
5168:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5096:
5095:
5088:
5086:
5079:"Archived copy"
5077:
5076:
5072:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5043:
5029:
5022:
5012:
5010:
5003:
4999:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4971:
4969:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4945:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4922:
4915:
4911:
4904:
4900:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4875:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4766:
4764:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4711:
4696:
4692:
4684:
4677:
4659:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4432:
4428:
4405:
4401:
4387:
4385:
4384:on 21 July 2011
4381:
4366:
4360:
4356:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4328:
4314:
4312:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4257:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4235:Sarnia, Ontario
4217:
4215:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4172:
4170:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4142:Railway Gazette
4134:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4034:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4014:July 2009, p 20
4010:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3973:
3966:
3952:
3950:
3938:
3934:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3856:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3844:"Archived copy"
3842:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3806:Wayback Machine
3797:
3793:
3782:
3767:
3763:
3749:
3747:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3717:2002â2003 p165.
3713:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3660:on May 22, 2006
3652:
3651:
3647:
3642:Wayback Machine
3633:
3629:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3503:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3418:
3414:
3401:
3399:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3209:
3195:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3131:
3117:
3112:
3101:
3098:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:4 ft
3080:
3070:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:4 ft
3034:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:3 ft
3012:
3008:
2997:
2991:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:5 ft
2925:
2921:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:4 ft
2903:
2899:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:3 ft
2867:
2863:
2851:
2823:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2788:
2785:
2776:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:4 ft
2727:
2723:
2716:
2702:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:4 ft
2679:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:4 ft
2657:
2653:
2646:
2604:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:4 ft
2565:
2561:
2557:
2546:
2519:
2487:
2482:
2452:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:3 ft
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:4 ft
2395:
2391:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:4 ft
2373:
2369:
2366:
2352:In the Spanish
2322:as an example:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1875:
1826:
1778:
1770:
1747:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:3 ft
1709:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:4 ft
1687:
1683:
1576:Talgo-RD (from
1565:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:4 ft
1543:
1539:
1532:
1512:
1412:
1374:
1271:
1220:Special systems
1215:
1181:Inter-city rail
1166:Passenger train
1091:
1046:Railway station
1023:
1022:
901:Change of gauge
888:
884:
883:
862:
858:
857:
807:
803:
800:
798:
777:
773:
770:
768:
760:Baltimore gauge
734:
730:
727:
725:
709:
705:
702:
700:
666:
662:
659:
657:
636:
632:
629:
627:
606:
602:
599:
597:
576:
572:
569:
567:
549:
545:
542:
540:
511:
502:
498:
495:
493:
474:
465:
461:
458:
456:
387:
383:
380:
378:
357:
353:
350:
348:
317:
313:
310:
308:
290:
286:
283:
281:
247:
243:
240:
238:
220:
216:
213:
211:
164:
160:
157:
155:
126:
93:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6711:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6607:
6605:
6604:Transport mode
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6595:Variable gauge
6592:
6591:
6590:
6580:
6575:
6573:Break of gauge
6570:
6568:Bogie exchange
6564:
6562:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6528:
6526:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6491:
6464:
6438:
6416:
6390:
6378:
6352:
6326:
6314:
6264:
6230:
6204:
6178:
6152:
6126:
6100:
6073:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6034:
6032:
6030:Standard gauge
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
5996:
5970:
5958:
5932:
5906:
5894:
5881:
5869:
5843:
5817:
5805:
5793:
5767:
5741:
5712:
5683:
5671:
5645:
5616:
5590:
5578:
5552:
5526:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5486:
5476:
5466:
5441:
5429:
5417:
5405:
5380:
5367:
5365:
5355:
5354:
5340:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5256:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5230:
5229:External links
5227:
5226:
5225:
5208:
5202:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5154:
5132:
5110:
5070:
5052:
5020:
4997:
4979:
4953:
4931:
4920:
4909:
4898:
4895:. 1 July 1999.
4880:
4869:
4843:
4817:
4797:
4773:
4744:
4690:
4675:
4637:
4632:Rynek Kolejowy
4618:
4607:on 13 May 2014
4592:
4575:
4545:
4524:
4502:
4466:
4426:
4399:
4354:
4326:
4293:
4267:
4241:
4195:
4189:standard gauge
4163:"Introduction"
4154:
4128:
4106:
4078:
4067:
4056:
4045:
4039:
4028:
4016:
4004:
3992:
3964:
3932:
3910:
3898:
3874:
3835:
3809:
3791:
3761:
3730:
3719:
3707:
3689:
3671:
3645:
3627:
3624:Talgo RD video
3616:
3605:
3579:
3567:
3556:on 2 June 2013
3541:
3501:
3480:
3457:
3431:
3412:
3382:
3360:
3339:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:Dual couplings
3274:
3269:
3267:Bogie exchange
3264:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3176:
3167:dual voltage (
3159:
3156:
3147:
3144:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3103:standard gauge
3069:
3068:United Kingdom
3066:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2968:
2957:
2943:
2892:
2850:
2847:
2843:bogie exchange
2822:
2821:Poland/Ukraine
2819:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2712:Main article:
2701:
2698:
2645:
2642:
2634:bogie exchange
2603:
2602:Finland/Sweden
2600:
2596:Niagara Bridge
2588:standard gauge
2545:
2542:
2518:
2517:Belarus/Poland
2515:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2451:
2448:
2442:) as found at
2365:
2362:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2289:Speed changing
2287:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2016:
2015:(driven axles)
2010:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1673:
1658:
1651:Japan Railways
1648:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1592:
1531:
1528:
1516:break-of-gauge
1511:
1508:
1482:(ATGCS/AGCS),
1465:bogie exchange
1453:Standard gauge
1431:break of gauge
1421:systems allow
1419:Variable gauge
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Rail subsidies
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Variable gauge
1067:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1043:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1028:Infrastructure
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
994:Rail transport
990:
989:
981:
980:
972:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
938:
936:Variable gauge
933:
932:
931:
921:
916:
914:Break of gauge
911:
909:Bogie exchange
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
880:
877:
872:
868:
867:
854:
851:
846:
842:
841:
838:
835:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
813:
812:
795:
792:
787:
783:
782:
765:
762:
757:
753:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
722:
719:
715:
714:
697:
694:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
672:
671:
654:
651:
646:
642:
641:
624:
621:
616:
612:
611:
594:
591:
586:
582:
581:
564:
561:
555:
554:
537:
534:
529:
525:
524:
517:
513:
512:
508:
507:
490:
487:
480:
476:
475:
471:
470:
453:
450:
445:
441:
440:
437:
434:
429:
425:
424:
421:
418:
416:Four foot
413:
409:
408:
405:
402:
397:
393:
392:
375:
372:
367:
363:
362:
345:
342:
336:
335:
332:
329:
323:
322:
305:
302:
296:
295:
278:
275:
270:
266:
265:
262:
259:
253:
252:
235:
232:
226:
225:
208:
205:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
183:
182:
179:
176:
170:
169:
152:
149:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
116:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
90:
89:
77:
76:
68:
67:
66:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6710:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6688:Rolling stock
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6616:Rapid transit
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6517:
6494:9,000 mm
6492:
6490:
6467:8,200 mm
6465:
6444:
6442:3,000 mm
6439:
6435:2,140 mm
6432:
6417:
6396:
6394:1,945 mm
6391:
6387:1,676 mm
6384:
6379:
6358:
6356:1,668 mm
6353:
6349:1,638 mm
6346:
6327:
6323:1,600 mm
6320:
6315:
6311:1,588 mm
6308:
6287:1,581 mm
6284:
6265:
6244:
6242:1,520 mm
6238:1,524 mm
6231:
6227:1,495 mm
6224:
6205:
6184:
6182:1,458 mm
6179:
6175:1,457 mm
6172:
6153:
6132:
6130:1,450 mm
6127:
6125:
6104:1,445 mm
6101:
6080:
6078:1,440 mm
6075:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6058:1,435 mm
6055:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6002:
6000:1,432 mm
5997:
5993:1,429 mm
5990:
5971:
5967:1,422 mm
5964:
5959:
5955:1,416 mm
5952:
5933:
5929:1,384 mm
5926:
5907:
5903:1,372 mm
5900:
5895:
5893:
5888:1,245 mm
5882:
5878:1,219 mm
5875:
5870:
5849:
5847:1,200 mm
5844:
5823:
5821:1,100 mm
5818:
5811:
5809:1,093 mm
5806:
5802:1,067 mm
5799:
5794:
5773:
5771:1,055 mm
5768:
5747:
5745:1,050 mm
5742:
5739:
5715:1,000 mm
5713:
5711:
5689:
5684:
5677:
5672:
5651:
5646:
5643:
5617:
5596:
5591:
5584:
5579:
5558:
5553:
5532:
5527:
5520:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5487:
5477:
5467:
5447:
5442:
5435:
5430:
5423:
5418:
5411:
5406:
5386:
5381:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5359:Minimum-gauge
5356:
5350:
5345:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5223:
5216:
5215:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5192:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5164:
5158:
5142:
5136:
5120:
5114:
5106:
5100:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5048:
5042:
5038:
5035:(in German).
5034:
5027:
5025:
5008:
5001:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4902:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4873:
4858:on 2 May 2014
4857:
4853:
4847:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4807:
4801:
4787:
4785:
4777:
4763:on 2012-02-04
4762:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4740:
4734:|author=
4725:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4682:
4680:
4672:
4670:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4588:
4587:
4579:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4534:
4528:
4512:
4506:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4470:
4454:
4449:
4446:(3): 99â102.
4445:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4349:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4310:
4303:
4297:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4116:
4110:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4053:Gauge Change
4049:
4043:
4037:
4032:
4026:, p. 13.
4025:
4020:
4013:
4008:
4002:, p. 14.
4001:
3996:
3978:
3971:
3969:
3961:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3884:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3845:
3839:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3795:
3787:
3781:
3777:
3774:(in German).
3773:
3765:
3758:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3609:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3571:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3527:. GdaĆsk: UIC
3523:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3491:on 2014-02-03
3487:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3370:
3364:
3349:
3343:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3305:a form of VGA
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:Axle exchange
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3248:Trains portal
3243:
3238:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3143:
3140:
3126:
3124:
3118:1,219 mm
3115:
3109:
3104:
3099:1,435 mm
3078:
3073:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3031:1,435 mm
3009:1,000 mm
3001:
2996:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2922:1,668 mm
2900:1,435 mm
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2864:1,000 mm
2860:
2856:
2855:Iberian gauge
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:(Poland) and
2836:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2750:1,067 mm
2747:
2724:1,435 mm
2721:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2676:1,520 mm
2654:1,435 mm
2651:
2641:
2639:
2638:Port of Turku
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2584:1,435 mm
2562:1,676 mm
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2456:multiple unit
2447:
2445:
2422:1,000 mm
2414:1,676 mm
2392:1,520 mm
2370:1,435 mm
2361:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2297:Gauge changer
2294:
2286:
2281:Maximum speed
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2190:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1773:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:Compatibility
1739:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1706:1,000 mm
1684:1,435 mm
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1615:Vevey Company
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1562:1,524 mm
1540:1,435 mm
1536:
1527:
1525:
1524:transshipment
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:Iberian gauge
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:Rapid transit
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:Regional rail
1174:
1172:
1171:Commuter rail
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:Bogie (truck)
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:Dual coupling
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:Railroad cars
1127:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:rolling stock
1095:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:Railway track
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1018:Company types
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
992:
991:
987:
986:
978:
974:
973:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
957:South America
955:
953:
952:North America
950:
949:
948:
947:
943:
942:
937:
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
904:
900:
899:
881:
878:
876:
875:Breitspurbahn
873:
870:
869:
855:
852:
850:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
796:
793:
791:
790:Iberian gauge
788:
784:
766:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
723:
720:
717:
716:
698:
695:
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:
625:
622:
620:
619:Toronto gauge
617:
614:
613:
595:
592:
590:
589:Leipzig gauge
587:
584:
583:
565:
562:
560:
559:Dresden gauge
557:
556:
538:
535:
533:
530:
526:
523:
522:
515:
514:
509:
491:
488:
486:
485:
481:
478:
477:
472:
454:
451:
449:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
417:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
401:
398:
395:
394:
376:
373:
371:
368:
365:
364:
346:
343:
341:
340:Italian metre
338:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
279:
276:
274:
271:
267:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
236:
233:
231:
230:Bosnian gauge
228:
227:
209:
206:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
153:
150:
148:
145:
141:
138:
137:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
82:
79:
78:
74:
70:
69:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
48:Rapid transit
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
6683:Track gauges
6594:
5504:Narrow gauge
5308:(in Spanish)
5221:
5213:
5189:
5167:. Retrieved
5157:
5145:. Retrieved
5135:
5123:. Retrieved
5113:
5087:. Retrieved
5083:the original
5073:
5064:
5055:
5036:
5032:
5011:. Retrieved
5000:
4991:
4982:
4972:February 18,
4970:. Retrieved
4966:the original
4956:
4944:. Retrieved
4934:
4928:Motive Power
4923:
4912:
4901:
4892:
4883:
4872:
4860:. Retrieved
4856:the original
4846:
4834:. Retrieved
4829:
4820:
4809:. Retrieved
4800:
4789:. Retrieved
4783:
4776:
4765:. Retrieved
4761:the original
4756:
4747:
4712:. Retrieved
4708:the original
4698:WebExpert â
4693:
4665:
4658:. Retrieved
4654:the original
4649:
4640:
4634:(in Polish).
4631:
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4605:the original
4595:
4584:
4578:
4566:. Retrieved
4561:
4548:
4536:. Retrieved
4527:
4515:. Retrieved
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4486:the original
4481:
4469:
4459:November 30,
4457:. Retrieved
4443:
4439:
4429:
4421:the original
4416:
4412:
4402:
4393:
4388:17 September
4386:. Retrieved
4379:the original
4370:
4357:
4348:
4346:
4341:17 September
4339:. Retrieved
4329:
4320:
4315:17 September
4313:. Retrieved
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4280:the original
4270:
4258:. Retrieved
4254:the original
4244:
4223:
4216:. Retrieved
4212:the original
4207:
4198:
4178:
4173:17 September
4171:. Retrieved
4167:the original
4157:
4145:. Retrieved
4141:
4131:
4119:. Retrieved
4109:
4097:. Retrieved
4090:
4081:
4070:
4059:
4048:
4042:
4031:
4024:Ălvarez 2010
4019:
4007:
4000:Ălvarez 2010
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3958:
3951:. Retrieved
3945:
3935:
3927:the original
3922:
3913:
3901:
3891:November 25,
3889:. Retrieved
3877:
3848:. Retrieved
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3822:the original
3812:
3794:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3755:
3750:17 September
3748:. Retrieved
3744:the original
3733:
3722:
3710:
3702:the original
3698:"webvdr.com"
3692:
3686:(in French).
3683:
3674:
3664:February 18,
3662:. Retrieved
3658:the original
3648:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3591:
3582:
3575:Ălvarez 2010
3570:
3558:. Retrieved
3554:the original
3544:
3536:
3529:. Retrieved
3493:. Retrieved
3486:the original
3470:
3460:
3450:February 18,
3448:. Retrieved
3444:the original
3434:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3407:
3402:19 September
3400:. Retrieved
3395:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3363:
3351:. Retrieved
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3318:
3229:19 July 1922
3153:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3074:
3071:
3006:
2984:
2970:July 2009 â
2886:
2852:
2824:
2808:
2764:
2717:
2647:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2593:
2547:
2535:
2520:
2503:Peterborough
2496:
2488:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2367:
2351:
2316:
2306:
2292:
2284:
2013:Motive power
1948:Goods wagons
1802:Switzerland
1779:
1771:
1754:Roda de BarĂ
1752:In 2009, at
1751:
1748:
1735:
1727:
1640:
1637:Rafil Type V
1627:Knorr-Bremse
1596:Strizh train
1571:
1513:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1446:
1435:
1427:track gauges
1418:
1417:
1096:Service and
1074:
935:
824:(5 ft 6 in)
751:(5 ft 3 in)
519:
482:
439:(4 ft 6 in)
407:(3 ft 6 in)
264:(2 ft 6 in)
194:(2 ft 3 in)
134:
114:Fifteen inch
101:
6626:Scale model
6069:Broad gauge
5738:metre gauge
5687:950 mm
5680:914 mm
5649:900 mm
5619:891 mm
5594:800 mm
5587:762 mm
5556:760 mm
5530:750 mm
5523:686 mm
5493:559 mm
5483:533 mm
5473:508 mm
5445:500 mm
5438:483 mm
5426:457 mm
5414:406 mm
5384:400 mm
5377:381 mm
5344:Track gauge
5271:(in French)
4568:December 8,
4413:RTRI Report
4218:3 September
3985:9 September
3428:(2): 46â56.
3200:disc brakes
3183:Montpellier
3146:Locomotives
2989:Switzerland
2976:Voith Turbo
2626:Train ferry
2556:to connect
2364:Limitations
1666:ZNTK PoznaĆ
1344:Terminology
1289:Attractions
1276:Miscellanea
1112:Locomotives
1070:Track gauge
1063:Maintenance
944:By location
203:750 mm
63:Scale model
34:Track gauge
6677:Categories
6642:by country
6635:Categories
6578:Dual gauge
5479:21 in
5469:20 in
5433:19 in
5421:18 in
5409:16 in
5372:15 in
5169:5 February
5147:5 February
5125:5 February
5013:5 February
4946:5 February
4811:2023-02-07
4791:2023-02-04
4767:2012-02-17
4660:7 December
4495:9 December
4099:4 February
3850:2008-11-25
3778:: 318â26.
3613:GC Freight
3531:7 December
3495:2014-02-01
3311:References
3134:Time taken
3053:Zweisimmen
2993:See also:
2954:Valladolid
2746:Shinkansen
2499:Port Pirie
2444:Zweisimmen
2080:Under load
1807:System(s)
1762:Unichanger
1680:Winterthur
1522:tracks or
1520:dual gauge
1294:By country
1245:Interurban
1240:Light rail
1085:Dual gauge
1036:Management
924:Conversion
919:Dual gauge
327:Three foot
6621:Miniature
6234:5 ft
5873:4 ft
5675:3 ft
5285:UA report
5039:: 170â1.
4862:20 August
4836:20 August
4714:20 August
4538:March 28,
4517:20 August
4375:Banverket
4286:20 August
4260:20 August
4147:20 August
4121:20 August
3828:20 August
3179:Talgo 250
3113:4 ft
2612:Haparanda
2511:Dry Creek
2485:Australia
2480:Countries
2450:Operation
1758:Tarragona
1682:in 2022 (
1566:5 ft
1438:Lithuania
1319:Modelling
1299:Companies
1284:Accidents
1107:Operating
1041:Rail yard
967:Australia
676:Five foot
71:By size (
58:Miniature
6512: in
6485: in
6461: in
6430: in
6413: in
6375: in
6344: in
6309: /
6306: in
6285: /
6282: in
6261: in
6236: /
6222: in
6201: in
6170: in
6149: in
6122: in
6097: in
6056: /
6053: in
6019: in
5988: in
5950: in
5924: in
5866: in
5840: in
5790: in
5764: in
5733: in
5706: in
5668: in
5637: in
5613: in
5575: in
5549: in
5463: in
5402: in
5099:cite web
5089:16 April
5047:20940983
4757:prose.ch
4724:cite web
4482:jrtr.net
4309:VR Group
4231:Montreal
3923:prose.ch
3859:cite web
3802:Archived
3786:18819553
3638:Archived
3598:31 March
3375:30 March
3353:30 March
3332:30 March
3303:SUW 2000
3234:See also
3173:25 kV AC
3158:Electric
3108:Bradford
3095: in
3049: in
3027: in
2940: in
2918: in
2882: in
2831:Mostyska
2827:Dorohusk
2811:SUW 2000
2742: in
2694: in
2672: in
2620:Talgo-RD
2580: in
2440: in
2410: in
2388: in
2358:Talgo RD
2354:Talgo-RD
2320:Talgo RD
1827:+ Prose
1825:Stadler
1816:SUW 2000
1776:Features
1724: in
1702: in
1662:SUW 2000
1623:DB Cargo
1558: in
1510:Overview
1490:(RGAS),
1486:(RSRS),
1366:Vactrain
1156:Wheelset
882:(9 ft 10
879:3,000 mm
853:2,140 mm
837:1,829 mm
833:Six foot
821:1,676 mm
794:1,668 mm
764:1,638 mm
748:1,600 mm
721:1,588 mm
696:1,581 mm
680:1,524 mm
653:1,520 mm
623:1,495 mm
593:1,458 mm
563:1,450 mm
536:1,445 mm
489:1,435 mm
484:Standard
452:1,432 mm
436:1,372 mm
420:1,219 mm
404:1,067 mm
374:1,000 mm
174:Two foot
121:(15 in)
6657:by name
6507:⁄
6480:⁄
6456:⁄
6425:⁄
6408:⁄
6370:⁄
6339:⁄
6301:⁄
6277:⁄
6256:⁄
6245: (
6217:⁄
6196:⁄
6165:⁄
6144:⁄
6117:⁄
6092:⁄
6048:⁄
6014:⁄
5983:⁄
5945:⁄
5919:⁄
5861:⁄
5835:⁄
5785:⁄
5759:⁄
5728:⁄
5701:⁄
5663:⁄
5632:⁄
5608:⁄
5570:⁄
5544:⁄
5458:⁄
5397:⁄
5300:Ukraine
5067:. 2007.
4611:13 June
3953:4 March
3560:27 July
3284:(Japan)
3207:History
3169:3 kV DC
3123:splined
3090:⁄
3044:⁄
3022:⁄
2979:SZH-692
2935:⁄
2913:⁄
2877:⁄
2815:Mockava
2774:Gallery
2737:⁄
2689:⁄
2667:⁄
2644:Georgia
2630:SeaRail
2575:⁄
2435:⁄
2405:⁄
2383:⁄
2338:Relock.
2332:Unlock.
2313:, Spain
1819:Rafil V
1796:Germany
1787:Country
1719:⁄
1697:⁄
1635:–
1625:–
1585:Portbou
1553:⁄
1530:Systems
1478:(GAW),
1442:Ukraine
1339:Suicide
1324:Museums
1255:History
1233:History
1211:Freight
1013:History
887:⁄
861:⁄
840:(6 ft)
806:⁄
776:⁄
733:⁄
708:⁄
683:(5 ft)
665:⁄
649:1520 mm
635:⁄
605:⁄
575:⁄
548:⁄
501:⁄
464:⁄
448:1432 mm
423:(4 ft)
386:⁄
356:⁄
334:(3 ft)
316:⁄
289:⁄
246:⁄
219:⁄
181:(2 ft)
163:⁄
103:Minimum
5200:
5044:
4877:Patent
4233:, and
3783:
3592:rzd.ru
3478:
3298:Strizh
3193:Weight
3125:axle.
3106:) and
3061:BLS AG
2965:Warsaw
2946:Olmedo
2920:) and
2835:KrakĂłw
2608:Tornio
2564:) and
2554:Canada
2544:Canada
2538:Strizh
2507:Albury
2412:) and
2311:Lleida
1793:Poland
1560:) and
1262:Maglev
1124:Trains
962:Europe
871:
856:(7 ft
849:Brunel
845:
829:
797:(5 ft
786:
767:(5 ft
756:
724:(5 ft
699:(5 ft
688:
656:(4 ft
645:
626:(4 ft
615:
596:(4 ft
585:
566:(4 ft
539:(4 ft
528:
516:
492:(4 ft
479:
455:(4 ft
444:
428:
412:
396:
377:(3 ft
366:
344:950 mm
331:914 mm
307:(2 ft
304:900 mm
300:900 mm
280:(2 ft
277:891 mm
269:
261:762 mm
237:(2 ft
234:760 mm
210:(2 ft
207:750 mm
199:
191:686 mm
178:610 mm
154:(1 ft
151:600 mm
147:600 mm
143:
136:Narrow
131:
118:381 mm
110:
98:
5218:(PDF)
5194:(PDF)
5041:INIST
4669:Talgo
4558:(PDF)
4489:(PDF)
4478:(PDF)
4382:(PDF)
4367:(PDF)
4305:(PDF)
3980:(PDF)
3886:(PDF)
3780:INIST
3635:BRAVA
3525:(PDF)
3489:(PDF)
3398:. UIC
3327:(PDF)
3257:Alvia
3227:Argus
3220:Argus
3214:Argus
3165:Bo-Bo
3077:Leeds
3051:) at
3029:) to
2972:Talgo
2961:Cadiz
2896:Talgo
2849:Spain
2700:Japan
2616:Rafil
2527:Brest
2523:Talgo
2463:Talgo
2307:Talgo
1810:TALGO
1799:Japan
1790:Spain
1756:near
1578:Talgo
1449:Spain
1267:Urban
521:Broad
370:Metre
347:(3 ft
6588:list
6289:and
6240:and
5349:list
5198:ISBN
5171:2014
5149:2014
5127:2014
5105:link
5091:2009
5015:2014
4974:2016
4948:2014
4864:2013
4838:2013
4784:EV09
4739:help
4716:2013
4662:2008
4613:2014
4570:2009
4540:2009
4519:2013
4497:2008
4461:2008
4390:2008
4343:2008
4317:2008
4288:2013
4262:2013
4220:2008
4175:2008
4149:2013
4123:2013
4101:2011
3987:2024
3955:2023
3893:2008
3869:link
3865:link
3830:2013
3752:2008
3666:2016
3600:2017
3562:2013
3533:2008
3476:ISBN
3452:2016
3404:2024
3377:2017
3355:2017
3334:2017
2839:Lviv
2505:and
2346:ECPB
1822:RTRI
1760:, a
1728:axle
1668:for
1660:PKP
1633:DBAG
1589:Irun
1587:and
1502:and
1228:Tram
1051:list
929:list
892:in)
866:in)
811:in)
781:in)
738:in)
713:in)
670:in)
640:in)
610:in)
580:in)
553:in)
506:in)
469:in)
391:in)
361:in)
321:in)
294:in)
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224:in)
168:in)
73:list
53:Tram
6514:),
6487:),
5890:),
5290:CFR
5263:UIC
5037:132
4564:(4)
4448:doi
4185:GTR
4181:GWR
3757:AG.
3188:EMU
3116:or
3097:or
2963:to
2952:in
2948:to
2492:VGA
1877:MOB
1873:.ch
1868:.jp
1863:.ru
1860:.de
1855:.ua
1852:.eu
1847:.eu
1844:.es
1839:.eu
1836:.es
1813:CAF
1580:).
6679::
6509:16
6482:32
6478:27
6473:10
6449:10
6410:16
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6368:21
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6210:10
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1494:,
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1360:UK
1358:,
1356:NZ
1354:,
1352:NA
1350:,
1348:AU
808:32
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3046:2
3042:1
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2253:N
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2207:N
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158:+
75:)
20:)
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