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to experienced Second
Engineers on the sole basis of an oral examination. However, when Drummond requested this dispensation the Board refused. Because of the dangers of war, the Board patronisingly suggested that Drummond take a shore job as an instructor. Drummond replied firmly that numerous Chief and other engineers with whom she had served had lacked the nerve to cope while under enemy attack, and therefore the best service she could give was as a Chief Engineer at sea.
611:. The exception was the Second Engineer, Mr Lamb, who on Drummond's first day aboard told her that he didn't want her there. Drummond said Lamb often shouted at her, occasionally swore at her and thus wore her down. Drummond privately nicknamed Lamb the Tiger Cat or just "The Tiger". On occasion she also encountered passengers who initially did not believe a woman could be a marine engineer. Drummond won them round by competently doing her job.
553:. Quayle was married and had two children, and Drummond was emphatic that there was never any impropriety between them. However, when in 1924 she wanted to take her exams to become a Second Engineer, she unwisely wrote to her manager at Blue Funnel, Mr Freeman, suggesting that Quayle be promoted to Chief Engineer and she could be his Second. This gave Freeman the damaging impression that Quayle and Drummond were having an affair. Drummond left
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38:
967:, where she joined an eastbound convoy. The oil-burning ship was unable to stop making black smoke, which made her dangerously conspicuous. When the third or fourth engineer were on watch the ship lost speed and fell behind the convoy. Whenever Drummond was on watch the ship managed to increase speed and regain her station.
904:
pipe feeding the boilers. Fuel oil started leaking from somewhere, hitting
Drummond in the face and closing one of her eyes. She ordered her fireman and greaser to open the fuel injectors and main steam throttle to increase speed and then get out of the engine room in case they needed to abandon ship.
642:, south London: a job that included a flat at the top of the building. From 1929 Victoria and Frances leased a house almost opposite at 143 Kennington Road, which they named The Studio. Frances worked as a commercial artist and she and Victoria also developed a business, the Golden Fisheries, trading
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reached Hong Kong, where
Jebshun told the Master they would transfer the insurance from Lloyd's to a French company. Drummond believed this was to avoid inspection, and on 30 March, she gave the Master her notice that she would quit the ship the next day. Then Drummond spent 10 days in Hong Kong and
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Finally on 13 December the Master and
Drummond inspected the Number One hold. They found about 10 frames adrift, a plate near the bulkhead split either side of the frame, and frames corroded through at the bottom and broken across. With the motion of the ship, plates and frames were moving past each
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From
October 1929, Drummond repeatedly sat the Board of Trade examination for Chief Engineer, but every time the examiners failed her. Mr Martin at Dundee continued to support her and eventually in 1936, tackled the examiners, who privately admitted to him that they always failed her because she was
1422:
had given
Drummond enough experience to take her Second Engineer's motor examination. She passed in May 1946 on her second attempt. In September, Drummond returned to sea as Second Engineer, now with Cunard-White Star Line. She worked as a relief Second Engineer, serving for short periods on Cunard
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chief engineer. These examinations were a purely written paper, with the gender or status of the candidate not being known to the examiners. By then the Board of Trade had failed her for Chief
Engineer 31 times. Due to the needs of war the Board of Trade was now granting Chief Engineer certificates
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had never before exceeded 9 knots (17 km/h) but in 10 minutes
Drummond somehow increased speed to 12.5 knots (23 km/h). The Master, a Captain Herz from Hungary, used the extra speed to change course sharply and avoid being hit whenever a Condor bombed the ship. The bombs were heavy enough
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usual Second
Engineer was taken ill his position was covered by an extra Second, Mr Howard, who Drummond says "persecuted" her. Drummond was friends with the usual Second Engineer, Malcolm Quayle, who supported her career, was her escort for social events ashore and whom she called her "protector".
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Mr
Malcolm supported Drummond's training, but in 1918 the garage dismissed him for drunkenness. Drummond took this as the right time to move on and resigned from the garage. Her father arranged her an introduction to the Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company in Dundee, which took her on in
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In a career spanning 40 years, Drummond made 49 ocean-going voyages. She persevered with her career through hardship and some discrimination, doing the hard physical work of the engine room, managing the engine room crew and at times enduring prejudice and discrimination from some of her immediate
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aircraft attacked. Drummond was on watch and immediately ordered the fireman and greaser to join her on the starting platform ready in case they needed to escape. Near misses from 250 kg (550 lb) bombs blew all the lagging off the pipes in the engine room and split the main water service
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Drummond used to visit the engineering works of Robert Morton and Sons in Errol, which built steam-powered and petrol-engined lorries and buses. As a young girl she asked Mr Morton how she could learn to be a marine engineer and go to sea. Morton may or may not have taken the young girl seriously,
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to leave to make for Hong Kong for repairs. Christmas was spent in Hong Kong, with Drummond arguing against Jebshun representatives who wanted to postpone many of the repairs essential to make the ship safe. Drummond began engine and boiler repairs, and on 29 December the ship moved to drydock in
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In Norfolk, Drummond made friends with a Virginian woman, Mrs Julia Davies, who was engaged in charitable work collecting goods to send to Britain that were in short supply because of the War. Davies engaged Drummond as a speaker at charitable events, and in return directed to Lambeth much of the
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Early in Drummond's time at Caledon, the founder W.B. Thompson introduced her and her parents to Henry Wortley, a director of Blue Funnel Line. Wortley offered Drummond the promise of a position as an engineer at sea when she completed her apprenticeship. When Caledon gave her notice in 1922,
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in the water and cause damage even by near misses. The ship was hit by both 13 mm (0.51 in) and 20 mm (0.79 in) machine-gun fire. Drummond says 25 bombs were dropped; this suggests that six or seven aircraft took part in the attack, which continued for 30–35 minutes.
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12 years earlier, recognised Drummond in a café. He and his shipmates advised her that if no British company would take her she should try for a berth on a foreign ship. They introduced her to a representative of Palestine Maritime Lloyd, owned by a group of Jewish businessmen based in
427:. In her second year her wage before National Insurance was six shillings. Her foreman, a Mr Malcolm, who had worked in Clyde shipyards, gone to sea and risen to be a Chief Engineer at sea, supported her training. On three evenings a week a teacher from Dundee Technical College (now
1209:, Cheek sacked Drummond with 24 hours' notice, although she had signed on for two years. The firemen, greasers and donkeyman all refused to sail without Drummond, and so did the deck crew. Her friend Warner, however, refused to leave the ship, leaving Drummond feeling betrayed.
793:. Her officers and crew were a mixture of Arab, Czech, Egyptian, German, Hungarian, Russian, and Spanish, and the ship's dog was Polish. She was built in 1907 and by 1940 was in poor condition. Drummond mastered disciplinary problems among the engine room crew and then in
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In 1915, Drummond turned 21, and her father encouraged her to choose her own career. She repeated her ambition to be a marine engineer. From 18 October 1916, she was apprenticed at the Northern Garage, South Street, Perth. Her wage as a first year apprentice was three
286:, Drummond found no work at sea for at least 11 years. Even after the UK entered the Second World War in 1939, no shipping company would employ her until 1940. She finally circumvented Board of Trade prejudice by passing the chief engineer examination of
1790:. Soon Jean and Frances were admitted to the same hospital, where they died within two days of each other. Drummond recovered physically but her state of mind deteriorated and she was discharged to St George's Retreat, a church-run nursing home in
571:'s qualification. In October 1926, she obtained her Second Engineer's Certificate becoming Britain's first certificated woman marine engineer. However, after qualifying, she was able to find work only as a Fifth Engineer, signing on the
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In about April 1941, Drummond learnt that Mrs Davies in Virginia had raised £400 toward the provision of a "Victoria A. Drummond Ambulance" for the people of Lambeth. In raising funds Davies and a Mrs Leitch had even enlisted the poet
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returned to sea, continuing to take cargoes of iron ore from Basuo to other Chinese ports. On 25 March 1962 Drummond advised that the ship was still in too poor a condition to pass its forthcoming Lloyd's inspection. Two days later,
1730:, which took an hour and a half to pump out. On 11 December the Number one hold bilge again needed pumping out, which took an hour and three-quarters. From 12 December the Number one hold bilge needed pumping continuously.
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to Hong Kong on 1 March the cargo in number 2 hold caught fire. Drummond provided steam to smother and contain the fire, but this depleted the ship's water supply which was needed to make steam to power the main engine.
368:. All four worked as children: growing vegetables and flowers to sell and keeping poultry. Drummond's speciality was hand-churning butter. Their privileged upbringing was straitened after her maternal grandparents
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In response to their experience, the Drummond sisters helped several Austrian children to enter the UK as refugees, and sponsored them by finding schools, accommodation and paying their expenses for a year.
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the ship loaded a flammable mixed cargo of rice, firewood, paper, cotton, palm husks, charcoal, flour and palm oil, all carelessly and chaotically packed into the holds. On top of this, 580 head of live
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Island, where it loaded iron ore in December 1961. The ship left port on 8 December, and by midnight was struggling against a strong headwind. The next day water was found in the Number one hold
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Blue Funnel employed Drummond initially in its engineering record office in Liverpool on a salary of £12 a month. About a month later, on 25 August, she was instructed to sign on the 10,000
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In 1946 and again in 1952, Drummond served as a supervising engineer on behalf of two shipping companies: overseeing the building of new ships. From 1959 onwards she found work only on run-down
1547:, from Southampton to Istanbul. The engine was unreliable and Drummond's relationship with the owner and his family was strained. Thereafter she stayed ashore in Kennington for another year.
1131:. On 20 May the ship reached Halifax to join an eastbound convoy. Drummond reported Davis for drunkenness and on 21 May he was removed under police escort, replaced by a Captain Middleton.
1786:(now IMarEST) and wrote her life story. In the early 1970s Drummond grew less mobile and more dependent on Jean and Frances. In 1974 she fell out of bed, broke her leg and was admitted to
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as Second Engineer in October and November 1952, then returned to the ship as Chief Engineer in January 1953. This turned out to be a year-long voyage that included the Suez Canal, Japan,
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other and friction was heating the metal. If a plate failed and flooded Number One hold, the Number One bulkhead would be likely to fail. In that case, and laden with dense iron ore,
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After the War the bomb-damaged Restormel House was demolished. In December 1945 and January 1946, Drummond's sisters Jean and Frances moved into 160 Kennington Road, which they named
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She is about the most courageous woman I ever saw. She seems to be without fear or nerves, is very good at her job and has an uncanny power over engines, for which I once thanked God.
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in Liverpool as Fifth Engineer. The ship was unkempt and filthy, including the galley, the food was ill-served and the Master, Captain Davis, seemed permanently drunk. Nevertheless,
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In 1939, war seemed to grow inevitable so Drummond applied to return to sea as a Second Engineer. Despite her good service on liners of two of the most prestigious companies in the
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but he told her to serve an apprenticeship, find a shop with a vacancy and start at the beginning, serve her time and then find a ship that would give her a berth as an engineer.
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677:, the two sisters were at a trade fair in Vienna. Drummond photographed Hitler in his motorcade and later described that time in Vienna as very tense, chaotic and dangerous.
1075:, none of the bombs hit but the near misses damaged the ship. The Condor also machine-gunned the ship, killing a quartermaster at the helm and wounding two other crewmen.
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all the crew, all but one of the officers and most of the passengers accepted having a woman engineer. A few of the women passengers passed demeaning remarks at her. When
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191, which left Halifax on 24 May and reached Liverpool on 6 June. The ship discharged her explosive cargo in Manchester and Drummond returned to her sisters in Lambeth.
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took on a Greek Third Engineer who clashed with Drummond. The ship worked to Beirut, Haifa and back, and on its return trip evacuated the British Consul and part of the
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until the ship was launched in September. Drummond would have liked further jobs supervising shipbuilding, but instead Phocian offered her a berth on the 10,000
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A donkeyman was a crewman who operated and maintained machinery other than the ship's main engines. His exact responsibilities varied widely between different ships.
28:
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1658:, Norway in September 1960. This was another steamship that had been laid up and needed work to make her reliable. Drummond served on her for 14 months, sailing
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1238:. Again Drummond was beset by a hostile Second Engineer always being rude to her, giving her extra work and trying to prevent her from getting shore leave.
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on 13 April her friend Malcolm Quayle had died. The letter gave no details of what had happened and she found out none until some time thereafter.
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were unqualified. The Master, Captain Cheek, the Chief Engineer and either the third or fourth engineer were all heavy drinkers. Drummond called
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again as Tenth Engineer. The salary of £10 a month was £2 less than the company had paid her ashore. A Christmas card sent by Drummond to the
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1532:. This turned out to be a six-month voyage: across the Atlantic to the US, through the Panama Canal, across the Pacific to Japan, south to
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superiors. However, she won acceptance and support from most of her fellow-officers and near-universal support and loyalty from crewmen.
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383:. Drummond herself became a prizewinning model maker, making her own toys that were shown in exhibitions and won prizes in competitions.
824:. When the ship returned to London in July 1940 Drummond left to get away from the Third Engineer. About a month later, in August 1940,
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from the Anchises in 1922 survives in the WES archives. She served on the ship until 1924, making four voyages to Australia and one to
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By Christmas 1941 Drummond's sisters Jean and Frances were preparing to move into a flat in Restormel House, Chester Way, Kennington.
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During her engineering career, Drummond encountered both acceptance and prejudice because she was a woman. In 1926 she qualified as a
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For the next four years Drummond worked as Chief or Second Engineer for short periods for various shipping companies. They included
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to the MoWT and Ambrose, Davies and Matthews. Cheek's solicitors threatened to sue Drummond for defamation, but no action followed.
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on 8 September. There Drummond received news that The Studio at 143 Kennington Road had been bombed but Frances and Jean were safe.
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Drummond returned home to Kennington Road until May 1958, when she began a two-month voyage as the engineer of an old motor yacht,
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had been damaged by a bomb but their flat remained intact. Drummond did not seek another position at sea until January 1944.
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The pair had prickly tempers, for which Drummond nicknamed Quayle "hedgehog" and he nicknamed her "Kate", after Katherina in
1398:
In April 1946, Blue Funnel appointed Drummond to return to Caledon in Dundee to supervise the completion of the 10,200
790:
698:, and glowing references from numerous superior officers, all her many applications were declined. Therefore, on the eve of
1201:. There Cheek tried to give Drummond her notice on medical grounds, but a doctor ashore stopped him. When the ship reached
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initially made for Shanghai, until the Number One Hold's bulkhead began to buckle. Then the Master put the ship about for
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in the hope of finding a ship that would take her on. Eventually on such a visit a donkeyman, who had served with her on
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Drummond and her two sisters spent the next 12 years living at 160 Kennington Road. She attended annual meetings of the
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Drummond next spent another three years serving for short periods for various shipping companies. Then in April 1957 in
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office. In 1922, Caledon suffered a decline in orders and laid off many workers, including Drummond who left on 7 July.
271:, but no-one would sign her on as such, so she took work as a fifth engineer. From 1929 onwards she repeatedly sat the
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At the end of January 1943, Drummond returned to Blue Funnel, signing on as refrigeration engineer on the 10,286
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In February 1952, Drummond returned to supervising shipbuilding in Scotland. The Phocian Ship Agency sent her to the
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he proposed to her. She did not accept, and later explained that this was because both he and she had short tempers.
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In April 1944, Drummond signed on as Assistant Engineer of a diesel ship, the Baltic Trading Company's 6,427
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for people who had been bombed out of their homes. Accordingly, the "Victoria A. Drummond Canteen" was opened in
754:. He was sceptical of signing a woman engineer until he saw her papers. Palestine Maritime Lloyd operated mostly
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In February 1941, Warner and Drummond signed on as Captain and Second Engineer of an old Panamanian steamship,
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in December. The voyage took Drummond back to Onega in the USSR, where she had previously been in 1944 on
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1583:, Liverpool in July 1959. The ship had been laid up for 18 months and needed extensive work to pass its
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Drummond wrote to Wortley to take up his offer. Unknown to Drummond, Wortley had died in 1919. However,
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gas to extinguish the fire. The ship returned to sea 11 days later, trading to Chinese ports including
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and back through the Panama Canal, back across the Atlantic and ending in Liverpool in November 1957.
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1279:, where Drummond was able to go ashore and visit her friend Malcolm Quayle's grave outside the city.
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1003:. The canteen served hot meals for sixpence a head and remained open for the remainder of the war.
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and managed by Ambrose, Davies and Matthews, who had chosen someone else for Second Engineer. The
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called Captain Charlton. In Newport the two took occasional trips ashore, and once on a visit to
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needed a new Second Engineer so he immediately offered Drummond a berth at a salary of £41 10s.
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2042:"LORD AMHERST DEAD.; Spent Lifetime Gathering Great Library Which He Was Lately Forced to Sell"
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1752:, arriving on 17 December. After the iron ore was unloaded, ship surveyors allowed the damaged
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Mr Warner. In a published account of her conduct in the air raid, Warner described Drummond as
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After an eight-month voyage Drummond did not want to return to sea immediately. After leaving
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on 11 May 1928, Drummond received an air mail letter telling her that aboard her former ship
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on its Old College building, commemorating her training there to be an engineer when it was
1828:, which showcased the legacy of notable Scottish women scientists. Abertay University has a
244:, and received awards for bravery under enemy fire. Her career included service at sea with
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cargo ships until January 1947. After leaving Cunard she served on the MoWT's 5,028
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on 14 April 1927. She served on the ship until 4 December 1928, completing one voyage to
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2006:(17th ed.). London: Burke's Peerage Ltd in conjunction with City Ltd. p. 694.
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and the Royal Navy renamed a lecture theatre used to train marine and air engineers at
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She is commemorated by a Victoria Drummond Room at the IMarEST headquarters in London.
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and completed her apprenticeship in 1920 after which she was elected a graduate of the
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Drummond's final Jebshun ship, and the final vessel of her career, was the 7,284
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the Suez Canal and Singapore to Japan, China and Hong Kong, where Jebshun renamed her
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for the USA. Being a neutral ship she was not offered the protection of a place in a
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discharged her china clay and loaded scrap iron. The ship made her return crossing
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Singapore and Chinese ports to Hong Kong, where she signed off in November 1961.
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Source: Gertrude Maiman (1922– ), one of the child refugees brought from Vienna.
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to give a public reading of his works. However, what Lambeth needed more was a
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From 1935, Frances and Victoria's business took them abroad to trade fairs in
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Examiners habitually failed all candidates who sat the examinations with her.
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1836:. The plaque features on the Dundee Women's Trail and Dundee Global Trail.
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so a skeleton crew including Warner and Drummond sailed out to join her on
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In 2013, Drummond was featured in an exhibition 'Women in Science' at the
1275:, returning to Liverpool in September 1943. In July 1943 the ship visited
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honoured Wortley's promise and invited her to Liverpool for an interview.
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Drummond spent her final three years at sea as a chief engineer with the
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on 6 June 1944, the tanker spent three months shuttling supplies such as
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89 to North America. The ship survived the crossing and on 17 May loaded
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in East Sussex. She died there on Christmas Day 1978, and is buried at
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in 1960, the ship sailed to Malaysia and Thailand. In February 1960 in
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945:. Newspapers in Norfolk, VA quoted Captain Herz commending Drummond as
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was in the North Atlantic about 400 miles (640 km) from land when
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At the end of August 1942, Drummond and Warner joined the 2,660
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visited friends in Japan before returning to London and retirement.
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to be in very poor condition: rusty, dirty and in poor repair. The
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to Glasgow as an Assistant Engineer. On 2 September, she signed on
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1708:, a vital piece of safety equipment, was missing from the engine.
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Durban to West Africa, back to Hong Kong, then to India, and back
947:"one of the most competent engineers ever employed on this vessel"
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reached Hong Kong on 3 March, where the port's fire service used
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in September 1943, she returned to her sisters in Lambeth, where
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Drummond formed a close friendship with another married man, the
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a woman. Indeed, to prevent any accusations of unfairness, the
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that they kept in their garden pond and in tanks in the house.
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She had two sisters, Jean and Frances, and a younger brother,
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as First Mate and Second Engineer. The ship was owned by the
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In April 1942, Drummond joined Manchester Liners' 7,071
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continued her crossing without further incident and reached
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she served at sea as an engineering officer in the British
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The Remarkable Life of Victoria Drummond – Marine Engineer
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The Remarkable Life of Victoria Drummond – Marine Engineer
228:(14 October 1894 – 25 December 1978), was the first woman
3631:"Women of science – Celebrating Trailblazers of the past"
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2644:. Haifa Museums: National Maritime Museum. Archived from
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1324:. On return to England in May 1944, Drummond signed onto
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of Hong Kong. Her first Jebshun ship was the 7,085
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3227:
3215:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3143:
3131:
3116:
3089:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
2870:
2843:
2781:
2762:
2750:
2735:
2672:
2660:
2599:
2587:
2542:
2530:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2424:
2400:
1523:, she signed on Monarch Steamship Company's 5,806
1060:. About 300 miles (480 km) northwest of Ireland a
1056:
to Gibraltar, where they joined a convoy bound for the
321:, Scotland. Her father was Captain Malcolm Drummond of
2506:
2412:
2388:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2273:
2242:
2208:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2096:
2072:
2371:
2060:
390:
In February 1913, she was presented at court to King
2010:
1447:
and returning to Britain as a passenger on Cunard's
343:
William Tyssen-Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst of Hackney
282:
In the global shipping slump in the years after the
1738:would be likely to sink within a very few minutes.
1244:circumnavigated the World westbound from Liverpool
188:
John Drummond, 10th of Megginch, 15th Baron Strange
3022:. No. 48991. London. 30 July 1941. p. 7.
1642:Drummond's next Jebshun vessel was the 7,148
953:goods that her charitable network was collecting.
2990:"Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea (Part One)"
1632:. Drummond signed off at Hong Kong in mid-April.
867:at a salary of £46 10s — £5 a month more than on
313:Victoria Drummond was born on 14 October 1894 at
3912:
3653:"STEM gallery to honour war hero former student"
2923:. Archived from the original on 23 December 2004
801:completed enough furnace and boiler repairs for
630:From about 1919, Drummond's sister Jean ran the
839:, with the loss of 36 of the 37 people aboard.
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
1926:
1924:
1482:in Fife to oversee building of the 8,453
1095:, on which Drummond was Fifth Engineer in 1942
607:Drummond was again accepted by nearly all the
301:registered under flags of convenience, mostly
258:Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company
3816:
3756:"Sultan honours trailblazing female engineer"
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
1969:
1934:Clan McFarlane and Associated Clans Genealogy
488:, on which Drummond was 10th Engineer 1922–24
3830:
943:"about the most courageous woman I ever saw"
805:to pass its Lloyd's Certificate inspection.
3971:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame inductees
2907:
2905:
2812:
2793:
2611:
1921:
1550:
1435:for five months, signing on in May 1947 at
42:Drummond after receiving her MBE, July 1941
3946:Members of the Order of the British Empire
3823:
3809:
3736:. The Institution of Engineers in Scotland
2987:
2254:
857:, gave Drummond a berth on its 4,929
36:
3018:"News in Brief: The King's Investiture".
1467:, South Wales in August 1949 and left in
890:On the morning of Sunday 25 August 1940,
702:she joined Jean and Frances enlisting as
305:. She retired in 1962, and died in 1978.
3772:
3617:
3605:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3503:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3380:
3368:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
3110:
3098:
3083:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
2902:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2837:
2825:
2806:
2787:
2775:
2756:
2744:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2624:
2605:
2593:
2572:
2560:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2279:
2267:
2248:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2105:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2028:
2016:
1907:
1887:
1839:In 2018, Drummond was inducted into the
1662:the Suez Canal to Japan and China, then
1384:
1084:
719:
477:
232:in the UK and the first woman member of
2988:de Neumann, Bernard (19 January 2006).
1932:"Victoria Alexandrina Drummond, M.B.E."
1212:Drummond reported the mismanagement of
1018:in July 1941. Her MBE was presented by
689:
164:Capt. Malcolm Drummond, 9th of Megginch
3913:
1819:Cherry Drummond, 16th Baroness Strange
1516:and ended in Antwerp in January 1954.
970:
573:British-India Steam Navigation Company
3986:20th-century Scottish women engineers
3804:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1555:
978:By 1941, Drummond had qualified as a
907:Drummond remained alone at her post.
466:
370:lost a fortune in investments in 1906
153:First woman marine engineer in the UK
2714:
2001:
1016:Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea
431:) taught her maths and engineering.
211:Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea
1179:"The worst ship I ever sailed in".
680:
379:wood and ivory and belonged to the
13:
3704:"12 Victoria Drummond (1894–1978)"
1946:
1355:Drummond formed a friendship with
1078:
625:
14:
3997:
3734:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame
1917:. 12 December 1893. p. 5961.
1841:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame
1692:. Only 10 days after signing off
1373:
737:Drummond then tried visiting the
405:
350:John Drummond, 15th Baron Strange
339:Geraldine Margaret Tyssen-Amherst
167:Geraldine Margaret Tyssen-Amherst
3883:Educated or employed in Scotland
3748:
3722:
3696:
3671:
3645:
3623:
1983:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1980:Dictionary of National Biography
1975:"Drummond, Victoria Alexandrina"
1963:
1897:. 10 October 1893. p. 5961.
1805:
1798:beside her parents and sisters.
1480:Burntisland Shipbuilding Company
1328:again as Fourth Engineer. After
732:Israeli National Maritime Museum
455:. She stayed on at Caledon as a
3961:20th-century Scottish engineers
3730:"Victoria Alexandrina Drummond"
3011:
2981:
2949:
2913:"Victoria Drummond (1894–1978)"
2882:
2708:
2630:
2578:
2436:
2346:
2285:
2220:
2111:
1861:
1673:
1615:were crammed on as deck cargo.
557:and Blue Funnel in April 1924.
435:its engine and boiler works at
375:One of Drummond's grandmothers
3931:British Merchant Navy officers
3633:. National Library of Scotland
2034:
1995:
1901:
1881:
1834:Dundee Institute of Technology
1312:, with which she sailed on an
671:German forces occupied Austria
25:Victoria Alexandrina Drummond,
1:
3956:People from Perth and Kinross
3951:People associated with Dundee
3936:British women in World War II
3784:Institute of Marine Engineers
1874:
1784:Institute of Marine Engineers
1777:
567:Drummond began study for her
453:Institute of Marine Engineers
381:Worshipful Company of Turners
352:. She was named Victoria for
275:examination for promotion to
234:Institute of Marine Engineers
222:Victoria Alexandrina Drummond
2898:. 9 July 1941. p. 3964.
1826:National Library of Scotland
1817:, was written by her niece,
1635:
1416:, which she did until July.
1112:was made Commodore Ship for
459:, later transferring to the
439:in Dundee. She started as a
308:
184:Frances Ada Drummond, sister
7:
3976:Women's Engineering Society
1696:in Hong Kong she signed on
1579:, which Drummond joined in
1293:
1142:
1010:, Drummond was awarded the
814:British Expeditionary Force
713:
522:Women's Engineering Society
471:
449:Women's Engineering Society
337:of Perthshire. Her mother,
206:Order of the British Empire
10:
4002:
3966:Patternmakers (industrial)
3844:Dorothy Donaldson Buchanan
3766:
1700:for six months. She found
1443:, leaving in September in
1219:
1001:Lambeth North tube station
632:Queen Victoria Girl's Club
560:
3882:
3836:
2941:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2921:University of Southampton
1165:Ministry of War Transport
1025:
871:. Drummond joined her at
842:
366:Scottish Episcopal Church
284:Wall Street Crash of 1929
197:
174:
157:
149:
139:
94:
72:
47:
35:
23:
3941:British marine engineers
3831:Scottish women engineers
2642:Hebrew Shipping Database
2444:"Miss Victoria Drummond"
2354:"UK0108 NAEST 092/04/02"
2119:"Robert Morton and Sons"
2002:Pine, L.G., ed. (1952).
1854:
1564:Jebshun Shipping Company
1551:Jebshun Shipping Company
901:Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor
2917:Port Cities Southampton
1500:. She spent a month on
1231:refrigerated cargo ship
1182:The ship steamed north
1006:For her courage aboard
997:Westminster Bridge Road
855:Compañía Arena Limitada
550:The Taming of the Shrew
16:British marine engineer
2957:"Merchant Navy Awards"
1991:10.1093/ref:odnb/66436
1851:the Drummond Theatre.
1654:, which she joined in
1463:, which she joined at
1395:
1096:
931:
879:where the ship loaded
834:German submarine
791:Protectorate of Cyprus
734:
512:for a trial trip from
489:
254:Cunard-White Star Line
2967:The National Archives
2715:Helgason, Guðmundur.
2454:: 178. December 1926.
2238:: 116. December 1921.
2228:"Miss V. A. Drummond"
2004:Burke's Landed Gentry
1388:
1362:s Master, a man from
1344:, initially from the
1088:
927:
723:
669:. In March 1938 when
481:
356:, who was one of her
181:Jean Drummond, sister
3874:Elizabeth Jane Smith
3683:Dundee Women's Trail
2721:Ships hit by U-boats
2293:"Henry Bell Wortley"
1342:Invasion of Normandy
1161:Boston, Lincolnshire
965:Halifax, Nova Scotia
690:World War II service
423:so her net wage was
341:was the daughter of
3864:Margaret, Lady Moir
3854:Elizabeth Georgeson
3708:Dundee Global Trail
3679:"Victoria Drummond"
3533:, pp. 339–340.
3467:, pp. 318–334.
3431:, pp. 313–315.
3395:, pp. 308–309.
3383:, pp. 288–301.
3356:, pp. 283–286.
3344:, pp. 280–283.
3320:, pp. 242–265.
3296:, pp. 240–241.
3284:, pp. 235–237.
3212:, pp. 222–223.
3164:, pp. 208–220.
3113:, pp. 206–207.
2867:, pp. 197–198.
2840:, pp. 192–194.
2705:, pp. 183–184.
2693:, pp. 180–181.
2648:on 18 February 2013
2575:, pp. 162–170.
2563:, pp. 158–170.
2527:, pp. 154–155.
2358:archives.theiet.org
2048:. 18 January 1909.
1788:St Thomas' Hospital
1581:Garston, Merseyside
1089:Manchester Liners'
971:Developments ashore
758:of 200 to 300
545:William Shakespeare
415:a week, from which
292:flag of convenience
190:, brother (1900–82)
120: /
3900:Dorothée Pullinger
3710:. One World Centre
3659:. 30 November 2017
2962:The London Gazette
2895:The London Gazette
2448:The Woman Engineer
2232:The Woman Engineer
2046:The New York Times
1914:The London Gazette
1894:The London Gazette
1764:A fortnight later
1557:Grelrosa / Shantae
1396:
1097:
1046:' passenger liner
1038:. The ship was in
993:British Restaurant
830:Western Approaches
785:was registered at
735:
490:
467:Early years at sea
429:Abertay University
421:National Insurance
362:Church of Scotland
124:56.4075°N 3.2301°W
3908:
3907:
3890:Elizabeth Killick
3849:Victoria Drummond
2205:, pp. 62–63.
2193:, pp. 59–60.
2145:, pp. 44–47.
2093:, pp. 42–43.
2031:, pp. 35–36.
1750:Pearl River Delta
923:Norfolk, Virginia
849:In August 1940 a
419:was deducted for
335:Deputy Lieutenant
250:Manchester Liners
219:
218:
3993:
3981:Marine engineers
3869:Dorothy Rowntree
3837:Born in Scotland
3825:
3818:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3774:Drummond, Cherry
3760:
3759:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3507:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2994:WW2 People's War
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2810:
2804:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1985:September 2004.
1984:
1971:Drummond, Cherry
1967:
1966:
1961:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1885:
1868:
1865:
1538:British Columbia
1364:Northern Ireland
1361:
1173:Fourth Engineers
1044:Yeoward Brothers
828:was sunk in the
704:Air raid wardens
681:Refugee children
541:
327:Groom in Waiting
256:, and ashore at
246:Blue Funnel Line
238:Second World War
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
129:56.4075; -3.2301
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
79:
76:25 December 1978
57:
55:
40:
21:
20:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3878:
3832:
3829:
3794:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2924:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2813:
2805:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2000:
1996:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1813:Her biography,
1808:
1796:Megginch Castle
1780:
1678:
1640:
1560:
1553:
1529:British Monarch
1376:
1359:
1348:and later from
1338:English Channel
1334:aviation spirit
1298:
1288:Restormel House
1224:
1147:
1133:Manchester Port
1110:Manchester Port
1105:Manchester Port
1092:Manchester Port
1083:
1080:Manchester Port
1030:
973:
847:
789:in the British
718:
692:
683:
636:Kennington Road
628:
626:12 years ashore
569:Second Engineer
565:
539:
505:passenger liner
476:
469:
408:
311:
269:second engineer
230:marine engineer
215:
193:
170:
144:Marine Engineer
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
111:
109:
107:
106:
105:
99:Megginch Castle
90:
86:, East Sussex,
81:
77:
68:
59:
58:14 October 1894
53:
51:
43:
31:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3999:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3747:
3721:
3695:
3670:
3644:
3622:
3620:, p. 354.
3610:
3608:, p. 353.
3595:
3593:, p. 351.
3583:
3581:, p. 350.
3571:
3569:, p. 349.
3559:
3557:, p. 344.
3547:
3545:, p. 342.
3535:
3523:
3521:, p. 343.
3508:
3506:, p. 341.
3493:
3491:, p. 336.
3481:
3479:, p. 335.
3469:
3457:
3455:, p. 317.
3445:
3443:, p. 316.
3433:
3421:
3419:, p. 311.
3409:
3407:, p. 310.
3397:
3385:
3373:
3371:, p. 287.
3358:
3346:
3334:
3332:, p. 280.
3322:
3310:
3308:, p. 242.
3298:
3286:
3274:
3272:, p. 230.
3262:
3260:, p. 229.
3250:
3248:, p. 227.
3238:
3236:, p. 226.
3226:
3224:, p. 222.
3214:
3202:
3200:, p. 221.
3190:
3188:, p. 220.
3178:
3176:, p. 216.
3166:
3154:
3152:, p. 214.
3142:
3140:, p. 210.
3130:
3128:, p. 207.
3115:
3103:
3101:, p. 206.
3088:
3086:, p. 205.
3073:
3071:, p. 203.
3061:
3059:, p. 200.
3049:
3047:, p. 199.
3037:
3035:, p. 198.
3025:
3010:
2980:
2948:
2901:
2881:
2879:, p. 201.
2869:
2857:
2855:, p. 196.
2842:
2830:
2811:
2792:
2790:, p. 188.
2780:
2778:, p. 189.
2761:
2759:, p. 187.
2749:
2747:, p. 186.
2734:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2681:, p. 180.
2671:
2669:, p. 179.
2659:
2629:
2610:
2608:, p. 178.
2598:
2596:, p. 177.
2586:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2551:, p. 167.
2541:
2539:, p. 152.
2529:
2517:
2505:
2503:, p. 139.
2493:
2491:, p. 135.
2481:
2479:, p. 123.
2469:
2467:, p. 121.
2457:
2435:
2433:, p. 110.
2423:
2411:
2409:, p. 102.
2399:
2387:
2370:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2309:
2284:
2272:
2253:
2241:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2110:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1994:
1945:
1920:
1900:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1807:
1804:
1779:
1776:
1677:
1672:
1639:
1634:
1626:carbon dioxide
1559:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1545:My Adventuress
1375:
1374:Post-war years
1372:
1350:Newport, Wales
1297:
1292:
1223:
1218:
1191:Northumberland
1153:cargo steamer
1146:
1141:
1135:joined convoy
1125:Trois-Rivières
1082:
1077:
1058:Firth of Clyde
1052:. They sailed
1029:
1024:
972:
969:
846:
841:
717:
712:
691:
688:
682:
679:
652:Board of Trade
627:
624:
609:ship's company
564:
559:
482:Blue Funnel's
475:
470:
468:
465:
407:
406:Apprenticeship
404:
354:Queen Victoria
331:Queen Victoria
310:
307:
277:chief engineer
273:Board of Trade
217:
216:
214:
213:
208:
204:Member of the
201:
199:
195:
194:
192:
191:
185:
182:
178:
176:
172:
171:
169:
168:
165:
161:
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:Known for
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
96:
92:
91:
82:
80:(aged 84)
74:
70:
69:
60:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3998:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3795:
3793:0-907206-54-9
3789:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3757:
3751:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3632:
3626:
3619:
3618:Drummond 1994
3614:
3607:
3606:Drummond 1994
3602:
3600:
3592:
3591:Drummond 1994
3587:
3580:
3579:Drummond 1994
3575:
3568:
3567:Drummond 1994
3563:
3556:
3555:Drummond 1994
3551:
3544:
3543:Drummond 1994
3539:
3532:
3531:Drummond 1994
3527:
3520:
3519:Drummond 1994
3515:
3513:
3505:
3504:Drummond 1994
3500:
3498:
3490:
3489:Drummond 1994
3485:
3478:
3477:Drummond 1994
3473:
3466:
3465:Drummond 1994
3461:
3454:
3453:Drummond 1994
3449:
3442:
3441:Drummond 1994
3437:
3430:
3429:Drummond 1994
3425:
3418:
3417:Drummond 1994
3413:
3406:
3405:Drummond 1994
3401:
3394:
3393:Drummond 1994
3389:
3382:
3381:Drummond 1994
3377:
3370:
3369:Drummond 1994
3365:
3363:
3355:
3354:Drummond 1994
3350:
3343:
3342:Drummond 1994
3338:
3331:
3330:Drummond 1994
3326:
3319:
3318:Drummond 1994
3314:
3307:
3306:Drummond 1994
3302:
3295:
3294:Drummond 1994
3290:
3283:
3282:Drummond 1994
3278:
3271:
3270:Drummond 1994
3266:
3259:
3258:Drummond 1994
3254:
3247:
3246:Drummond 1994
3242:
3235:
3234:Drummond 1994
3230:
3223:
3222:Drummond 1994
3218:
3211:
3210:Drummond 1994
3206:
3199:
3198:Drummond 1994
3194:
3187:
3186:Drummond 1994
3182:
3175:
3174:Drummond 1994
3170:
3163:
3162:Drummond 1994
3158:
3151:
3150:Drummond 1994
3146:
3139:
3138:Drummond 1994
3134:
3127:
3126:Drummond 1994
3122:
3120:
3112:
3111:Drummond 1994
3107:
3100:
3099:Drummond 1994
3095:
3093:
3085:
3084:Drummond 1994
3080:
3078:
3070:
3069:Drummond 1994
3065:
3058:
3057:Drummond 1994
3053:
3046:
3045:Drummond 1994
3041:
3034:
3033:Drummond 1994
3029:
3021:
3014:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2969:. 9 July 1941
2968:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2878:
2877:Drummond 1994
2873:
2866:
2865:Drummond 1994
2861:
2854:
2853:Drummond 1994
2849:
2847:
2839:
2838:Drummond 1994
2834:
2828:, p. 192
2827:
2826:Drummond 1994
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2809:, p. 191
2808:
2807:Drummond 1994
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2788:Drummond 1994
2784:
2777:
2776:Drummond 1994
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:Drummond 1994
2753:
2746:
2745:Drummond 1994
2741:
2739:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2703:Drummond 1994
2699:
2692:
2691:Drummond 1994
2687:
2680:
2679:Drummond 1994
2675:
2668:
2667:Drummond 1994
2663:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2627:, p. 184
2626:
2625:Drummond 1994
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2606:Drummond 1994
2602:
2595:
2594:Drummond 1994
2590:
2581:
2574:
2573:Drummond 1994
2569:
2562:
2561:Drummond 1994
2557:
2550:
2549:Drummond 1994
2545:
2538:
2537:Drummond 1994
2533:
2526:
2525:Drummond 1994
2521:
2515:, p. 68.
2514:
2513:Drummond 1994
2509:
2502:
2501:Drummond 1994
2497:
2490:
2489:Drummond 1994
2485:
2478:
2477:Drummond 1994
2473:
2466:
2465:Drummond 1994
2461:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2432:
2431:Drummond 1994
2427:
2421:, p. 93.
2420:
2419:Drummond 1994
2415:
2408:
2407:Drummond 1994
2403:
2397:, p. 82.
2396:
2395:Drummond 1994
2391:
2384:
2383:Drummond 1994
2379:
2377:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2343:, p. 77.
2342:
2341:Drummond 1994
2337:
2331:, p. 75.
2330:
2329:Drummond 1994
2325:
2319:, p. 73.
2318:
2317:Drummond 1994
2313:
2298:
2297:Grace's Guide
2294:
2288:
2282:, p. 66.
2281:
2280:Drummond 1994
2276:
2269:
2268:Drummond 1994
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2251:, p. 71.
2250:
2249:Drummond 1994
2245:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2217:, p. 69.
2216:
2215:Drummond 1994
2211:
2204:
2203:Drummond 1994
2199:
2192:
2191:Drummond 1994
2187:
2181:, p. 56.
2180:
2179:Drummond 1994
2175:
2169:, p. 55.
2168:
2167:Drummond 1994
2163:
2157:, p. 54.
2156:
2155:Drummond 1994
2151:
2144:
2143:Drummond 1994
2139:
2124:
2123:Grace's Guide
2120:
2114:
2108:, p. 36.
2107:
2106:Drummond 1994
2102:
2100:
2092:
2091:Drummond 1994
2087:
2081:, p. 25.
2080:
2079:Drummond 1994
2075:
2069:, p. 39.
2068:
2067:Drummond 1994
2063:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2029:Drummond 1994
2025:
2018:
2017:Drummond 1994
2013:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:(1885–1900).
1972:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1806:Commemoration
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1432:Hickory Mount
1429:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1368:Tintern Abbey
1365:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:Arctic convoy
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:North Shields
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:Fw 200 Condor
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
984:
981:
976:
968:
966:
963:
959:
954:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
930:
926:
924:
920:
915:
910:
905:
902:
899:
898:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:
860:
856:
852:
845:
840:
838:
837:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
740:
733:
729:
728:
722:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:Merchant Navy
687:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
623:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:
581:
580:steam turbine
578:
574:
570:
563:
558:
556:
552:
551:
546:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:
506:
503:
498:
496:
495:Lawrence Holt
487:
486:
480:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:pattern maker
438:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
403:
401:
397:
393:
388:
384:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
306:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:Merchant Navy
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
212:
209:
207:
203:
202:
200:
196:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
177:
173:
166:
163:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
133:
104:
100:
97:
95:Resting place
93:
89:
85:
75:
71:
67:
63:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
22:
19:
3895:Benita Mehra
3859:Jane Grimson
3848:
3778:
3750:
3738:. Retrieved
3733:
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3707:
3698:
3686:. Retrieved
3682:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3656:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3625:
3613:
3586:
3574:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3526:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3349:
3337:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3106:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3019:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2993:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2960:
2951:
2925:. Retrieved
2916:
2893:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2833:
2783:
2752:
2725:. Retrieved
2720:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2674:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2646:the original
2641:
2632:
2601:
2589:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2385:, p. i.
2361:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2296:
2287:
2275:
2270:, p. 72
2244:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2122:
2113:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2045:
2036:
2024:
2019:, p. 2.
2012:
2003:
1997:
1978:
1936:. Retrieved
1912:
1903:
1892:
1883:
1863:
1838:
1823:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1800:
1792:Burgess Hill
1781:
1771:Santa Granda
1770:
1766:Santa Granda
1765:
1763:
1754:Santa Granda
1753:
1742:Santa Granda
1741:
1740:
1736:Santa Granda
1735:
1732:
1712:Santa Granda
1711:
1710:
1702:Santa Granda
1701:
1698:Santa Granda
1697:
1693:
1689:Santa Granda
1687:
1685:Liberty ship
1679:
1675:Santa Granda
1674:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:Kristiansand
1649:
1641:
1636:
1621:
1616:
1608:Bangkok Port
1603:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:inspection.
1574:
1561:
1556:
1544:
1542:
1528:
1518:
1501:
1496:
1488:Master Nicos
1487:
1477:
1472:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1445:Philadelphia
1431:
1428:Type C1 ship
1419:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1403:sister ships
1397:
1390:
1377:
1356:
1354:
1325:
1308:
1299:
1294:
1283:
1281:
1269:Sierra Leone
1265:South Africa
1257:Panama Canal
1245:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1195:Methil Docks
1183:
1181:
1176:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1132:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1048:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1007:
1005:
989:Robert Frost
985:
977:
974:
961:
957:
955:
951:
946:
942:
934:
932:
928:
918:
913:
908:
906:
895:
891:
889:
868:
863:
854:
848:
843:
835:
825:
809:
808:In Antwerp,
807:
802:
782:
781:
776:
767:
742:
736:
726:
714:
700:World War II
693:
684:
656:
648:
629:
619:
613:
604:
602:
592:and four to
584:
566:
561:
554:
548:
536:
532:
530:
517:
508:
499:
491:
484:
472:
433:
425:half a crown
409:
389:
385:
374:
347:
312:
296:
281:
266:
221:
220:
84:Burgess Hill
78:(1978-12-25)
18:
3926:1978 deaths
3921:1894 births
2890:"No. 35214"
2723:. uboat.net
2363:12 December
1909:"No. 26466"
1889:"No. 26448"
1830:blue plaque
1572:Empire ship
1536:, north to
1336:across the
956:At Norfolk
861:cargo ship
739:Royal Docks
614:In port in
590:East Africa
575:9,100
299:tramp ships
127: /
3915:Categories
3782:. London:
2727:20 January
2717:"Har Zion"
2652:21 January
2638:"Har Zion"
1938:20 January
1875:References
1845:HMS Sultan
1778:Retirement
1714:worked to
1514:Cape Verde
1460:Elsie Beth
1305:oil tanker
1071:. As with
980:Panamanian
939:First Mate
881:china clay
851:Panamanian
773:Mount Zion
710:, London.
457:journeyman
443:for metal
396:Queen Mary
358:godmothers
319:Perthshire
140:Occupation
112:56°24′27″N
54:1894-10-14
3020:The Times
3003:5 January
2973:5 January
1718:and then
1694:Shun Fung
1651:Shun Fung
1647:Park ship
1637:Shun Fung
1510:Singapore
1506:Hong Kong
1451:Aquitania
1449:RMS
1277:Cape Town
1273:Gibraltar
1261:Australia
1067:attacked
1062:Luftwaffe
1020:George VI
897:Luftwaffe
853:company,
822:Gibraltar
818:Marseille
787:Famagusta
752:Palestine
724:Model of
675:Anschluss
514:Liverpool
413:shillings
400:debutante
309:Childhood
303:Hong Kong
236:. In the
175:Relatives
115:3°13′48″W
3776:(1994).
3740:29 April
2937:cite web
2927:24 March
2054:96913793
2050:ProQuest
1716:Shanghai
1706:governor
1630:Tsingtao
1617:En route
1591:steamed
1589:Grelrosa
1576:Grelrosa
1473:Karabagh
1441:Cornwall
1420:Karabagh
1407:Rhexenor
1391:Rhexenor
1357:Karabagh
1340:for the
1326:Karabagh
1309:Karabagh
1295:Karabagh
1249:New York
1214:Danae II
1177:Danae II
1156:Danae II
1144:Danae II
1121:dynamite
1014:and the
912:to lift
877:Cornwall
869:Har Zion
826:Har Zion
810:Har Zion
803:Har Zion
783:Har Zion
777:Har Zion
768:Har Zion
756:coasters
727:Har Zion
715:Har Zion
644:goldfish
620:Anchises
555:Anchises
537:Anchises
533:Anchises
518:Anchises
509:Anchises
485:Anchises
473:Anchises
437:Lilybank
417:sixpence
392:George V
364:and the
323:Megginch
103:Scotland
66:Scotland
3767:Sources
3758:. 2018.
3714:22 June
3688:22 June
3663:22 June
3657:Abertay
3637:22 June
2302:24 July
2128:24 July
1849:Gosport
1759:Kowloon
1748:on the
1746:Whampoa
1622:Shantae
1613:buffalo
1604:Shantae
1597:Shantae
1585:Lloyd's
1570:former
1413:Stentor
1320:in the
1284:Perseus
1242:Perseus
1235:Perseus
1221:Perseus
1203:Aultbea
1049:Avoceta
933:Aboard
832:by the
799:Antwerp
795:drydock
743:Mulbera
730:in the
708:Lambeth
673:in the
659:Leipzig
640:Lambeth
634:at 122
605:Mulbera
603:Aboard
585:Mulbera
562:Mulbera
461:drawing
445:casting
158:Parents
88:England
3790:
2052:
1968:
1724:Hainan
1521:London
1502:Markab
1497:Markab
1469:Dublin
1380:Tresco
1346:Solent
1255:, the
1129:Quebec
1114:convoy
1073:Bonita
1069:Czikos
1054:Czikos
1040:Lisbon
1035:Czikos
1027:Czikos
1008:Bonita
958:Bonita
935:Bonita
919:Bonita
914:Bonita
909:Bonita
892:Bonita
885:convoy
864:Bonita
844:Bonita
667:Vienna
663:Prague
598:Ceylon
582:liner
377:turned
288:Panama
262:Dundee
252:, and
198:Awards
1855:Notes
1728:bilge
1720:Basuo
1465:Barry
1437:Fowey
1360:'
1330:D-Day
1318:Onega
1169:Third
999:near
873:Fowey
816:from
748:Haifa
594:India
540:'
526:China
398:as a
315:Errol
62:Errol
3788:ISBN
3742:2019
3716:2019
3690:2019
3665:2019
3639:2019
3005:2014
2975:2014
2943:link
2929:2011
2729:2013
2654:2013
2365:2020
2304:2014
2130:2014
1940:2013
1534:Fiji
1410:and
1322:USSR
1271:and
1253:Cuba
1207:Ross
1199:Fife
1171:and
836:U-38
665:and
616:Aden
596:and
394:and
333:and
290:, a
73:Died
48:Born
2998:BBC
1987:doi
1847:in
1722:on
1682:GRT
1668:via
1664:via
1660:via
1644:GRT
1602:As
1593:via
1568:GRT
1525:GRT
1493:GRT
1484:GRT
1439:in
1425:GRT
1400:GRT
1316:to
1302:GRT
1246:via
1228:GRT
1205:in
1197:in
1193:to
1189:in
1184:via
1159:at
1151:GRT
1123:at
1101:GRT
1012:MBE
962:via
875:in
859:GRT
820:to
797:in
764:GRT
760:GRT
706:in
577:GRT
547:'s
531:On
502:GRT
329:to
260:in
226:MBE
29:MBE
3917::
3786:.
3732:.
3706:.
3681:.
3655:.
3598:^
3511:^
3496:^
3361:^
3118:^
3091:^
3076:^
2996:.
2992:.
2965:.
2959:.
2939:}}
2935:{{
2919:.
2915:.
2904:^
2892:.
2845:^
2814:^
2795:^
2764:^
2737:^
2719:.
2640:.
2613:^
2450:.
2446:.
2373:^
2356:.
2295:.
2256:^
2234:.
2230:.
2121:.
2098:^
2044:.
1977:.
1948:^
1923:^
1911:.
1891:.
1821:.
1761:.
1599:.
1508:,
1475:.
1454:.
1382:.
1352:.
1267:,
1263:,
1259:,
1251:,
1137:HX
1127:,
1117:ON
1022:.
949:.
887:.
750:,
661:,
638:,
600:.
528:.
402:.
372:.
345:.
325:,
317:,
264:.
248:,
224:,
101:,
64:,
3824:e
3817:t
3810:v
3796:.
3744:.
3718:.
3692:.
3667:.
3641:.
3007:.
2977:.
2945:)
2931:.
2731:.
2656:.
2452:2
2367:.
2306:.
2236:1
2132:.
2056:.
1989::
1942:.
771:(
56:)
52:(
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