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169:. The laboratory actually began operating in 1981, and over the next two years Pasechnik realised that, far from running a civilian research operation dedicated to vaccine development, as he had been promised, he had become part of a vast network of laboratories and factories involved in a massive BW program. According to Pasechnik, the Institute, which had a staff of about 400, did research on modifying
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to spread the plague. The weapons system was to operate by flying low to avoid early-warning systems and use robot craft to spray clouds of aerosolised pathogens over unsuspecting enemies. The team succeeded in producing an aerosolised version of the plague microbe that could survive outside a lab.
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In the mid-1980s, Pasechnik became increasingly dissatisfied. ("I couldn't sleep at night, thinking about what we were doing," he would tell his
British handlers.) He began to plan a defection in 1988, but had never been permitted to travel abroad. His chance came in the summer of 1989, when in
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and he was given "an unlimited budget" to buy equipment in the West and recruit the best staff available. The laboratory he created was in reality part of the countrywide
Biopreparat program. Known as the
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190:. Once revealed, the Soviet government insisted that Pasechnik's research had been intended to defend against acts of biological warfare by an enemy and that the program had been stopped.
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Pasechnik died of a stroke in 2001 in
Salisbury. He was survived by his wife, Natasha, a daughter and two sons. According to one of his sons, Nikita, he was always expecting the
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111:. His revelations that the program was ten times larger than previously suspected were confirmed in 1992 with the defection to the United States of Colonel
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In early 1993, the
British government permitted Pasechnik to speak publicly. The next year, writer James Adams told Pasechnik's story in a book,
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135:, where he was one of the institute's brightest stars, graduating at the top of his class. Pasechnik initially specialised in the study of
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to sign the contracts of a pending deal with a French maker of chemical laboratory equipment. Rather than signing, he reported to the
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197:. Pasechnik lived in Wiltshire and worked at the UK Department of Health's Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research (CAMR) at
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who defected to the United
Kingdom in 1989, alerting Western intelligence to the vast scope of Moscow's clandestine
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Saxon, Wolfgang, "V. Pasechnik, 64, Is Dead; Germ Expert Who
Defected" [Obituary]
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This version of the organism was genetically-engineered to be resistant to antibiotics.
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in
Leningrad. The intent was to develop new antibiotics and other treatments.
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In 1974, at the age of 37, Pasechnik was invited by a general from the
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303:"Sergei Skripal: Salisbury's other spy lived in fear of KGB revenge"
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341:"Vladimir Pasechnik" (Obituary), Telegraph.co.uk, 29 November 2001
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recognition of past performance he was allowed to travel to
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Preston, Richard (9 March 1998). "THE BIOWEAPONEERS".
274:"V. Pasechnik, 64, Is Dead; Germ Expert Who Defected"
290:. Telegraph Media Group Limited. 29 November 2001.
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157:Institute of Ultra Pure Biochemical Preparations
131:during World War II. Pasechnik studied at the
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150:to start his own biotechnology institute in
604:Scientific Experimental and Production Base
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68:Learn how and when to remove this message
31:This article includes a list of general
798:Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance
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115:, the No. 2 scientist for the program.
829:Soviet defectors to the United Kingdom
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209:and other drug resistant infections.
205:, which is involved in research into
141:Institute of High Molecular Compounds
849:People related to biological warfare
377:Soviet program of biological weapons
272:Saxon, Wolfgang (23 November 2001).
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17:
13:
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
860:
834:Soviet biological weapons program
614:Institute of Applied Biochemistry
301:Bannerman, Lucy (12 March 2018).
230:Soviet biological weapons program
201:, near Salisbury, before forming
133:Leningrad Polytechnical Institute
22:
788:U.S. biological weapons program
656:Institute of Virus Preparations
294:
235:List of Eastern Bloc defectors
1:
793:History of biological warfare
778:Biological Weapons Convention
276:. The New York Times Company.
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81:Vladimir Artemovich Pasechnik
426:Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
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7:
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139:for biological uses at the
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677:Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky
148:Soviet Ministry of Defence
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592:Facilities and test sites
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107:(BW) programme, known as
159:, it was to work on the
824:20th-century biologists
773:Biological warfare (BW)
747:Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
571:Operations and projects
319:(subscription required)
129:Nazi siege of that city
52:more precise citations.
752:Aral smallpox incident
783:Entomological warfare
203:Regma Biotechnologies
288:"Vladimir Pasechnik"
220:) to deal with him.
91:– 21 November 2001,
337:, 23 November 2001.
687:Vladimir Pasechnik
334:The New York Times
105:biological warfare
93:Wiltshire, England
819:Soviet biologists
806:
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682:Kanatjan Alibekov
465:Researched agents
384:Weaponized agents
261:. The New Yorker.
113:Kanatjan Alibekov
83:(12 October 1937
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768:Biological agent
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661:Laboratory No. 1
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619:Laboratory B
562:Yellow fever
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310:. Retrieved
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207:tuberculosis
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123:A native of
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101:bioweaponeer
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58:January 2013
55:
36:
15:
844:2001 deaths
839:1937 births
727: [
705: [
642: [
599:BIOPREPARAT
532:Psittacosis
512:Melioidosis
507:Lassa fever
411:Brucellosis
199:Porton Down
109:Biopreparat
50:introducing
813:Categories
670:Scientists
547:Rinderpest
502:Hantavirus
451:Rice blast
241:References
167:the plague
165:strain of
85:Stalingrad
33:references
740:Accidents
431:Tularemia
307:The Times
259:pp. 52-65
152:Leningrad
125:Leningrad
119:Biography
651:Aralsk-7
482:Bird flu
416:Glanders
406:Botulism
391:Smallpox
312:12 March
224:See also
180:Toulouse
137:polymers
629:Zagorsk
456:Polonia
441:Marburg
421:Q fever
396:Anthrax
46:improve
624:Berdsk
609:VECTOR
552:Typhus
522:Plague
401:Plague
97:Soviet
35:, but
731:]
709:]
646:]
537:Ricin
487:CHIKV
188:Paris
314:2018
89:USSR
557:WEE
542:RVF
517:VND
497:EEE
477:BHF
472:AHF
436:VEE
218:FSB
214:KGB
186:in
815::
729:ru
707:ru
644:ru
331:,
305:.
249:^
87:,
369:e
362:t
355:v
316:.
71:)
65:(
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56:(
42:.
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