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Councils was established under NSDC, aiming to involve industry in training and labour force growth, set occupational standards, and accredit qualification. The creation of NSQF includes academic, vocational, and technical qualifications. It aims to facilitate the recognition of prior
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found that 90% of companies face a labour shortage. 89% of companies said that the demand for the product is not met due to labour shortages in the market. The research paper India's dream run and its aftermath shows that India did see an economic boom from 2003 to 2008 referred to as the dream run
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After the
National Skills Development Policy in 2009, the government created National Skills Coordination Board, the National Skill Development Corporation, and National Skills Qualification Framework. There was a commitment made by the Minister of Finance to inject Rs.1000 crore into the system
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The
Modular Employable Skills scheme focused on providing short-term training in high-demand sectors and industries. The training fees incurred under the scheme are refunded on completion of the certification. Also, female candidates from backward castes are given discounts to
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CEO World magazine ranked India's economic growth rate at the beginning of the 21st century as among the 10 highest in the developing world. Combined with the fact that India has been ranked the 5th largest economy in the world, the latest survey of unemployment in India 2021–2022 shows the
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The challenges for the growth of vocational training such as traditional and cultural bias against non-white collar jobs. The lack of mechanism at the state level to work towards vocational education and training have been observed in the research paper.
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A study from the
International Labour Organization shows that apprenticeships have the potential to contribute to the economy. It said that small businesses found the increased earnings associated with training outweighed the associated cost.
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In 2014, the
National Skill Certification and Monetary Reward Scheme provided monetary incentives on average of Rs.10,000 for completing certain training programs. The target of the scheme was to upskill one million young
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but not in the manufacturing sector, which made it difficult to provide jobs to unskilled and semi-skilled populations. This problem is aggravated due to a lack of skill development programs to bridge the labour demand and supply gap.
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In 2015, the
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme was launched to provide skills to 2.4 million people. Out of the 2.4 million people, a million were registered under the Recognition of Prior Learning
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A research article on vocational educational and training in India found that 11% of 15–29 years old who had received vocational education and training are unemployed. This trend is slowly reversing but still exists.
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The UGC and other bodies do not recognize vocational courses offered by the private institution leading to the low uptake of
Vocational courses. The paper also mentioned an unemployment rate of 11% in VET courses.
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Employers requiring skilled workers and the employment-seeking population face issues like lower wages, poor working condition which puts India in a unique position. A labour/skill shortage for industry survey by
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argued that 291 million additional workers are required in 2022–2023. The government attempted to increase the VET in the country to upskill 500 million workers to reduce the gap.
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unemployment rate as 6.40%. The economic times revealed that labour market shrunk by 2.1 million in 2022.
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programs or, more informally, by picking up the necessary skills on the job.
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Indusnettechnologies, Goutam Pal, Dipak K S, Swadesh Dey.
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Vocational education mostly ineffective in India: Survey
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