987:
1056:
674:
467:
81:
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836:, from whose mouth a bloody venom drips, putrefying the great ideals of Marxism! ... Down with these abject animals! Let's put an end once and for all to these miserable hybrids of foxes and pigs, these stinking corpses! Let's exterminate the mad dogs of capitalism, who want to tear to pieces the flower of our new Soviet nation! Let's push the bestial hatred they bear our leaders back down their own throats!
740:
1239:'s White forces defeated the Bolsheviks in 1921, Vyshinsky joins the winners and acts as the royal prosecutor in a show trial in which Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky and Bukharin are sentenced to death as "Subversives, Traitors, Blasphemers and Regicides". He is rewarded in being ennobled by the restored czar and made a duke, but gets assassinated by an anarchist girl with whom he had a secret affair.
1046:
but
Vyshinsky above all gave me the impression of a cringing toadie only too anxious to obey His Master's Voice even before it had expressed his wishes. ... I always had the feeling with Vyshinsky that his past as a Menshevik together with his Polish and bourgeois background made him particularly servile and obsequious in his dealings with Stalin and to a lesser extent with Molotov.
612:
was even considered for a professorship, but his political past caught up with him, and he was forced to return to Baku. Determined to practise law, he tried Moscow, where he became a successful lawyer, remained an active
Menshevik, gave many passionate and incendiary speeches, and became involved in city government.
866:, the Soviet Union's foremost legal scholar and former Deputy People's Commissar for Justice as a 'wrecker'. This was the start of a purge of prosecutor's apparatus, carried out by Vyshinsky, which saw 90 per cent of provincial prosecutors removed, and many of them arrested. Pashukanis was executed later that year.
915:, over trade debts, and after the completion of the last of the major show trials, in March 1938, he entered another phase in his career, devoted primarily to foreign affairs. Vyshinsky had a low opinion of diplomats because they often complained about the effect of trials on opinions in the West. The
869:
During the Great Purge, Vyshinsky was approached in his office by
Mikhail Ishov, a military procurator based in West Siberia, who had been trying to stop the arrests of innocent people in that territory. Vyshinsky told him: "You have lost your sense of party and class. We don't intend to pat enemies
611:
in Baku to serve his sentence. Here he first met Stalin: a fellow-inmate with whom he engaged in ideological disputes. After his release, he returned home to Baku for the birth of his daughter
Zinaida in 1909. Soon thereafter, he returned to Kiev University and did quite well, graduating in 1913. He
1045:
He spoke good French, was quick, clever and efficient, and always knew his dossier well, but whereas I had a certain unwilling respect for
Molotov, I had none at all for Vyshinsky. All Soviet officials at that time had no choice but to carry out Stalin's policies without asking too many questions,
816:
and of ordering his subordinate, the sledge driver Stepan
Startsev, to murder Dr. Nikolai Vulfson, who had attempted to stand up to Semenchuk, on 27 December 1934 (though there were also rumors that Startsev had fallen in love with Vulfson's wife, Dr. Gita Feldman, and killed him out of jealousy).
640:
quickly intervened, and the offices which had ordered the arrest were dissolved. In 1917, he became reacquainted with Stalin, who had become an important
Bolshevik leader. Consequently, he joined the staff of the People's Commissariat of Food, which was responsible for Moscow's food supplies, and
891:
In May 1939, Vyshinsky was promoted to the rank of Deputy
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Ministers (ie deputy prime minister) of the Soviet Union. His sphere of responsibilities included education and culture, as these areas were incorporated more fully into the USSR, he directed
2739:
3225:
2732:
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716:
explains, "all the court's attention was concentrated not on analyzing the evidence, which simply did not exist, but on securing from the accused confirmation of their confessions of guilt that were contained in the records of the preliminary investigation."
2725:
939:. He was generally well received, and he set out to purge the Latvian Communist Party of Trotskyists, Bukharinites, and possible foreign agents. In July 1940, a Latvian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. It was, unsurprisingly, granted admission to the USSR.
3220:
840:
He often punctuated speeches with phrases like "Dogs of the
Fascist bourgeoisie", "mad dogs of Trotskyism", "dregs of society", "decayed people", "terrorist thugs and degenerates", and "accursed vermin". This dehumanization aided in what historian
817:
The case came to trial before the
Supreme Court of the RSFSR in May 1936; both defendants, attacked by Vyshinsky as "human waste", were found guilty and shot, and "the most publicised result of the trial was the joy of the liberated Eskimos."
1223:
as the prosecutor in a purported transcript of an appearance by Count Alexander Ilyich Rostov, the novel's gentleman protagonist, before the Emergency Committee of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs on 21 June 1922.
724:, with Krylenko as prosecutor, which was accompanied by a storm of international protest. In this case, all eight defendants confessed their guilt. As a result, he was promoted. In April 1933, he was prosecutor in the
575:. Early biographies portray his father, Yanuary Vyshinsky (Januarius Wyszyński), as a "well-prospering" "experienced inspector" (Russian: Ревизор); while later, undocumented, Stalin-era biographies such as that in the
2914:
903:, the Soviet Union's most renowned living stage director. His speech was not reported in the Soviet press, except to say that it was severely criticised. Meyerhold was arrested five days later, tortured, and shot.
954:
dealt with during his period as British Ambassador, and the one to whom Cripps passed on Winston Churchill's warning that Germany might be intending to invade the USSR, which Vyshinsky refused to discuss.
3210:
978:
on Italian affairs where he began organizing the repatriation of Soviet POWs (including those who did not want to return to the Soviet Union). He also began to liaise with the Italian Communist Party in
484:
2337:
1184:
3245:
2907:
789:. Although he acted as a judge, he encouraged investigators to procure confessions from the accused. In some cases, he prepared the indictments before the "investigation" was concluded. In his
3215:
1575:
2900:
845:
calls "a hitherto unknown type of trial where there was not the slightest need for evidence: what evidence did you need when you were dealing with 'stinking carrion' and 'mad dogs'?"
243:
781:
In June 1935, Vyshinsky replaced Akulov, who had allegedly questioned the decision to link Zinoviev and others to the Kirov murder, and from thereon he was the legal mastermind of
3205:
1781:
3285:
3280:
2330:
801:
as an example of how defendants' statements could be used as primary evidence. Vyshinsky is cited for the principle that "confession of the accused is the queen of evidence".
3275:
3300:
606:
870:
on the head. If the enemy doesn't surrender, he must be destroyed." After the meeting, he reported Ishov, who was arrested and sentenced to five years in labour camps.
3320:
3270:
2923:
2323:
581:
make him a pharmaceutical chemist. A talented student, Andrei Vyshinsky married Kara Mikhailova and became interested in revolutionary ideas. He began attending the
327:
2748:
3255:
942:
As a result of this success, on 6 September 1940, he was named First Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs, and taken into greater confidence by Stalin,
3235:
330:
820:
In 1936, Vyshinsky achieved international infamy as the prosecutor at the Zinoviev-Kamenev trial (this trial had nine other defendants), the first of the
1243:
881:
3240:
2544:
1310:
Arkady Vaksberg. "The prosecutor and the prey: Vyshinsky and the 1930s' Moscow show trials", tr. by Jan Butler, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990
2381:
2252:"The Soviet Legal Narrative" - An essay by Anna Lukina about Vyshinsky as a theorist and his influence on the Nuremberg Trials and international law
1148:
During his tenure as director of the ISL, Vyshinsky oversaw the publication of several important monographs on the general theory of state and law.
2261:
3350:
2717:
601:
2180:
804:
Vyshinsky first became a nationally known public figure as a result of the Semenchuk case of 1936. Konstantin Semenchuk was the head of the
2607:
582:
1584:
3330:
3310:
3250:
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to force King Michael of Romania, whose palace was surrounded by Soviet tanks, to dismiss the anti-communist head of government, General
963:
805:
195:
2350:
2297:
1098:
1094:
535:
832:
Shoot these rabid dogs. Death to this gang who hide their ferocious teeth, their eagle claws, from the people! Down with that vulture
3295:
3190:
712:
against 53 alleged counter-revolutionary "wreckers". Krylenko acted as prosecutor, and the outcome was never in doubt. As historian
3325:
3315:
3200:
1178:
899:
In June 1939, he presided over the All-Union Conference of Stage Directors. The fourth speaker in the main debate, on 15 June, was
1018:, where he arranged for a communist regime to assume control in 1945. He then once again accompanied the Soviet leadership to the
3290:
1134:
1102:
962:. He remained here for much of the war, but he continued to act as a loyal functionary, and attempted to ingratiate himself with
848:
He is also attributed by some as the author of an infamous quote from the Stalin era: "Give me a man and I will find the crime."
682:
547:
759:
743:
593:
519:
95:
1967:
Fear and the Muse Kept Watch, the Russian Masters - from Akhmatova and Pasternak to Shostakovich and Eisenstein - Under Stalin
2232:
1974:
1276:
1255:
974:
in 1943, he remained in the Soviet Union to "keep shop" while most of the leadership was abroad. Stalin appointed him to the
429:
145:
1736:
2346:
2274:
1885:
466:
1246:", popular in Poland and referring to the miscarriage of justice under the communist regimes, has been attributed to him.
2661:
436:
2892:
1156:
Vyshinsky married Kapitolina Isidorovna Mikhailova and had a daughter named Zinaida Andreyevna Vyshinskaya (born 1909).
295:
3305:
1949:
1697:
1664:
1630:
1405:
worked in the Narkomtrud and the Prokuratura, in the summer of 1917 signed the order to arrest V. Lenin"); Vaksberg,
1172:
986:
3340:
762:
when the office was first created on 30 June 1933. At this time, he outranked Krylenko but was nominally junior to
2747:
1292:Звягинцев А.Г., Орлов Ю.Г. Приговоренные временем. Российские и советские прокуроры. 1937—1953. Москва, 2001, c. 7
1041:, who served as British chargé d'affaires in Moscow from February 1945 to October 1947, described him as follows:
731:
He carried out administrative preparations for a "systematic" drive "against harvest-wreckers and grain-thieves".
3195:
2464:
1301:Ваксберг, А. И., Царица доказательств: Вышинский и его жертвы / Аркадий Иосифович Ваксберг. — Москва́, 1992, c.17
1208:
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936:
728:, at which eight out of 18 defendants were British engineers, and which resulted in relatively light sentences.
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633:
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504:
38:
2042:
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in 1947) he laid a theoretical base for the Soviet judicial system. He also used his own speeches from the
1055:
2406:
2270:
885:
2421:
2251:
2119:
2004:"Analytical list of documents, V. Friction in the Baltic States and Balkans, June 4-September 21, 1940"
1138:
543:
188:
2539:
1212:(1990) contains a sample of recording from Vyshinsky's speech at the Zinoviev-Kamenev trial of 1936.
577:
568:
17:
3226:
Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
2391:
2315:
1689:
1038:
3345:
3144:
3023:
2459:
1683:
1122:
958:
After the German invasion of the Soviet Union Vyshinsky was transferred to the shadow capital at
702:
597:
408:
3231:
Members of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2257:
Andrei Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky, morning session, speech at the 1936 trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev
632:
on charges of being a "German spy", according to the decision of the Minister of Justice of the
2504:
2489:
1403:"С весны 1917 работал в наркомтруде и прокуратуре, летом 1917 подписал ордер на арест В.Ленина"
975:
721:
2749:
Permanent Representatives of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation to the United Nations
2222:
697:
he became a prosecutor in the new Soviet legal system, began a rivalry with a fellow lawyer,
673:
2008:
Telegram of German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office
1485:
3221:
Candidates of the Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3180:
3175:
2597:
2519:
2479:
725:
1874:, the Executioner), ZDF Enterprizes (1998), television documentary series, by Guido Knopp.
1677:
1676:
Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski,
884:, studied and had attended the trials by Vyshinsky's in 1938 to use a similar approach in
8:
3265:
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2993:
2983:
2922:
2822:
2673:
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2529:
2499:
2411:
621:
377:
31:
923:
was one of the few diplomats who survived and he was dismissed in 1939, and replaced by
3134:
3109:
3013:
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2958:
2636:
2559:
2514:
2307:
2290:
2043:"The Northern Department of the British Foreign Office and the Soviet Union, 1939-1942"
1809:
1064:
1019:
947:
924:
900:
856:
637:
625:
539:
316:
116:
1843:
1623:
Red Arctic: Polar Exploration and the Myth of the North in the Soviet Union, 1932-1939
1027:
3154:
3119:
3063:
3058:
3043:
3018:
2802:
2574:
2554:
2484:
2454:
2358:
2228:
1970:
1945:
1801:
1693:
1660:
1626:
1228:
1083:
1003:
971:
863:
658:
1749:
911:
In June 1937, Vyshinsky took part in negotiations with the US Ambassador in Moscow,
3149:
3053:
2968:
2953:
2812:
2696:
2626:
2444:
2396:
1793:
1193:, first class (1947; for the monograph "Theory of forensic evidence in Soviet law")
1190:
1142:
1121:. His body was delivered by a special flight to Moscow and his ashes buried at the
1076:
1011:
912:
852:
794:
767:
698:
600:. As a result, in 1908 he was sentenced to prison and a few days later was sent to
531:
488:
176:
3139:
3094:
3079:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2963:
2948:
2881:
2646:
2524:
2494:
2449:
2266:
2185:
1871:
1060:
967:
951:
943:
928:
893:
873:
842:
771:
713:
585:
in 1901, but was expelled in 1902 for participating in revolutionary activities.
496:
264:
2003:
3104:
3038:
3028:
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2873:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2827:
2797:
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2772:
2691:
2651:
2631:
2592:
2569:
2564:
2436:
2426:
1899:
1389:
1166:
1106:
1068:
959:
920:
859:(one of the defendants of the infamous Moscow Trials), who was later executed.
809:
650:
649:, he began to rise in influence and prestige. In 1920, after the defeat of the
629:
381:
288:
276:
1583:. Biblioteka Zrzeszenia Prawników Demokratów. pp. 308–313. Archived from
1077:
trial of the major German war criminals by the International Military Tribunal
950:. His main responsibility was Eastern Europe, though he was the official that
507:
28 November] 1883 – 22 November 1954) was a Soviet politician,
80:
3169:
3124:
3114:
3089:
3033:
2858:
2706:
2474:
2416:
2401:
2376:
1805:
1753:
1402:
1236:
1203:
1118:
999:
927:. In 1939, Vyshinsky introduced a motion to the Supreme Soviet to bring the
919:
inflicted tremendous losses on the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs.
821:
813:
798:
782:
751:
709:
686:
681:, with buttoned shirt), 1922. Kamenev, Lenin, Zinoviev, at a congress of the
654:
527:
523:
455:
419:
397:
319:
216:
3099:
2817:
2764:
2667:
2621:
2613:
2534:
2469:
2386:
2146:
877:
833:
775:
694:
642:
3129:
2807:
2777:
2701:
1220:
1031:
916:
825:
786:
763:
646:
128:
1093:
The positions he held included those of vice-premier (1939–1944),
538:
from 1949 to 1953, after having served as Deputy Foreign Minister under
2256:
2224:
Censorship, Translation and English Language Fiction in People's Poland
2200:
The Prosecutor and the Prey: Vyshinsky and the 1930s Moscow Show Trials
1813:
1347:
The Prosecutor and the Prey: Vyshinsky and the 1930s Moscow Show Trials
995:
747:
662:
589:
42:
774:, who were accused of 'moral responsibility' for the assassination of
1547:
1206:
song "This Must Be the Place I Waited Years to Leave" from the album
1082:
In 1953, he was among the chief figures accused by the U.S. Congress
1023:
991:
892:
efforts to convert the written alphabets of conquered peoples to the
2345:
1797:
3211:
Permanent Representatives of the Soviet Union to the United Nations
1105:
from 1939, and permanent representative of the Soviet Union to the
1010:
In February 1945, he accompanied Stalin, Molotov, and Beria to the
739:
705:, which he began to clear of "unsuitable" students and professors.
512:
451:
30:"Vyshinsky" redirects here. For other people with the surname, see
244:
Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations
1015:
50:
3246:
Academic staff of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
2845:
2683:
1185:
Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
980:
932:
564:
508:
447:
373:
2211:
Published in Russian 1997, English and German translation 2002
935:
to supervise the establishment of a pro-Soviet government and
828:, lashing its defenseless victims with vituperative rhetoric:
734:
685:. 14 years later he would become the chief prosecutor at the
678:
1829:
Let History Judge, The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism
3216:
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (Soviet Union)
1889:(Touchstone Edition) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990)
572:
2924:
19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1657:
Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Small Peoples of the North
1145:, the Institute of State and Law was named in his honor.
720:
In November–December 1930, he presided as judge over the
689:, where Zinoviev and Kamenev would be sentenced to death.
628:. As a minor official, he undersigned an order to arrest
1942:
The Theatre of Meyerhold, Revolution on the Modern Stage
746:
Vyshinsky (centre), reading the 1937 indictment against
3206:
Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
1075:
He was responsible for the Soviet preparations for the
812:. He was accused of oppressing and starving the local
3286:
Fourth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
3281:
Second convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
1531:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. pp. 736–39.
1349:(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990), pp. 15-21.
1215:
Vyshinsky appears at the beginning of the 2016 novel
931:
into the USSR. In June to August 1940 he was sent to
624:
in 1917, he was appointed police commissioner of the
3276:
First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
1541:"Soviet Crop Failure: New Campaign against 'Wreckers
1274:
3301:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
615:
588:Vyshinsky returned to Baku, became a member of the
27:Soviet politician, jurist and diplomat (1883–1954)
1334:Stalin's Prosecutor: The Life of Andrei Vyshinsky
1321:Stalin's Prosecutor: The Life of Andrei Vyshinsky
1063:(left) is greeted at the airport en route to the
1014:. After returning to Moscow he was dispatched to
3321:People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
3271:Ministers of foreign affairs of the Soviet Union
3167:
2126:(Britannica Concise Encyclopedia ed.). 2015
1529:The Great Terror, Stalin's Purge of the Thirties
1244:give me the man; there'll be a paragraph for him
880:judge, who served as the State Secretary of the
677:Andrei Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky (bottom, right of
1868:Hitlers Helfer - Ronald Freisler der Hinrichter
966:and visiting Republican presidential candidate
3256:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
2202:. London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson: 14-15, 21
2908:
2733:
2331:
1922:
1920:
3236:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
1969:. New York: The New Press. pp. 231–32.
1844:"ИШОВ Леонид Михайлович (1902 – после 1976)"
1577:Teoria dowodów sądowych w prawie radzieckim
1486:"On Stalin and Stalinism: Political Essays"
937:incorporation of that country into the USSR
791:Theory of Judicial Proofs in Soviet Justice
2915:
2901:
2740:
2726:
2338:
2324:
2267:Newspaper clippings about Andrey Vyshinsky
1917:
1336:(New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990), 19-20.
1235:, depicting an alternate history in which
990:The unconditional surrender of the German
735:Procurator General and Soviet law theorist
79:
3241:Academic staff of Moscow State University
1848:Школы военных инженеров в 1701-1960 годах
1841:
1573:
1159:
1900:"Вышинский, Андрей Януарьевич 1883-1954"
1877:
1826:
1526:
1054:
1050:
985:
738:
672:
256:5 March 1953 – 22 November 1954
1964:
1323:(New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990), 15.
1277:"Andriej Wyszynski. Inkwizytor Stalina"
1135:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
1103:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
1086:during its investigation of the Soviet
683:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
596:in 1903 and took an active part in the
548:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
343:16 October 1952 – 6 March 1953
14:
3351:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
3168:
1861:
1779:
1275:Wacław Radziwinowicz (27 March 2017),
1197:
1117:Vyshinsky died on 22 November 1954 in
770:and 18 other former supporters of the
760:Procurator General of the Soviet Union
668:
594:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
571:Catholic family, which later moved to
146:Procurator General of the Russian SFSR
96:Procurator General of the Soviet Union
2896:
2721:
2319:
2220:
1939:
1831:. Nottingham: Spokesman. p. 411.
1786:American Journal of International Law
1670:
1256:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
886:show trials conducted by Nazi Germany
758:Vyshinsky was appointed First Deputy
2298:Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union
1886:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1764:
1483:
1022:. On 26 February 1946, he rushed to
701:, and in 1925 was elected rector of
208:4 March 1949 – 5 March 1953
2214:
2144:
1625:(Oxford University Press US, 1998:
906:
862:In April 1937, Vyshinsky denounced
437:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
108:3 March 1935 – 31 May 1939
24:
3331:Ukrainian people of Polish descent
3311:Trial of the Sixteen (Great Purge)
3251:Rectors of Moscow State University
2040:
1133:Vyshinsky was the director of the
1095:Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
308:31 May 1939 – 15 May 1944
296:Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
158:11 May 1931 – 25 May 1934
25:
3362:
2245:
1659:(Cornell University Press, 1994:
1179:Medal "For the Defence of Moscow"
1173:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
766:. In January 1935, he prosecuted
3296:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
3191:20th-century Russian politicians
2838:
2757:
1737:"Była posłanka Beata S. Skazana"
1101:(1949–1953), academician of the
616:Russian Revolution and Civil War
465:
3326:Soviet people of Polish descent
3316:Lawyers from the Russian Empire
3201:People from Kherson Governorate
2221:Looby, Robert (31 March 2015).
2205:
2192:
2174:
2167:Quotation appears in Vaksberg,
2161:
2138:
2112:
2099:
2086:
2073:
2060:
2034:
2021:
1996:
1983:
1958:
1933:
1892:
1835:
1820:
1773:
1758:
1743:
1729:
1716:
1703:
1649:
1636:
1615:
1602:
1567:
1554:
1535:
1520:
1507:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1438:
1425:
1412:
1396:
1382:
1088:occupation of the Baltic states
896:alphabet., as well as the law.
542:since 1940. He also headed the
3291:Recipients of the Stalin Prize
1365:
1352:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1268:
1169:(1937, 1943, 1945, 1947, 1954)
1128:
1030:and appoint the pro-communist
708:In 1928, he presided over the
634:Russian Provisional Government
493:Андре́й Януа́рьевич Выши́нский
13:
1:
2372:Vasily and Andrey Shchelkalov
1495:. U.S. Department of Commerce
1390:"Андрей Януарьевич Вышинский"
1261:
851:During the trials, Vyshinsky
558:
480:Andrey Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky
361:Andrey Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky
39:Eastern Slavic naming customs
2510:Andreas Eberhard von Budberg
1686:: Crimes, Terror, Repression
553:
7:
2347:Foreign ministers of Russia
2271:20th Century Press Archives
1574:Wyszyński, Andrzej (1949).
1249:
1099:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1071:and Vishinsky, 15 July 1945
994:is signed on 8 May 1945 in
196:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
3367:
2149:. U.S. LIbrary of Congress
2147:"Romania: A Country Study"
2145:Bachman, Ronald D. (ed.).
2041:Dooley, Jacqueline Helen.
1782:"Pashukanis is no Traitor"
1139:Institute of State and Law
544:Institute of State and Law
189:Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko
37:In this name that follows
36:
29:
3072:
2931:
2836:
2755:
2682:
2606:
2583:
2540:Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky
2435:
2357:
2304:
2295:
2287:
2282:
1527:Conquest, Robert (1971).
1470:Quotation from Vaksberg,
1151:
882:Reich Ministry of Justice
693:Becoming a member of the
641:with the help of Stalin,
578:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
503:) (10 December [
492:
473:
461:
443:
425:
415:
404:
387:
356:
351:
347:
336:
325:
312:
301:
294:
282:
270:
260:
249:
242:
232:
222:
212:
201:
194:
182:
170:
162:
151:
144:
134:
122:
112:
101:
94:
90:
78:
71:
64:
3306:Great Purge perpetrators
2392:Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin
1780:Hazard, John N. (1957).
1690:Harvard University Press
1112:
326:Candidate member of the
3341:Russian revolutionaries
3145:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
3024:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
2460:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
2262:Venona transcript #1822
2124:Encyclopædia Britannica
1684:Black Book of Communism
1373:Prosecutor and the Prey
1123:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
855:the house and money of
598:1905 Russian Revolution
536:Soviet Foreign Minister
409:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
3196:Politicians from Odesa
2662:Aleksandr Bessmertnykh
2585:Provisional Government
2525:Karl Robert Nesselrode
2505:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
2490:Nikita Petrovich Panin
2470:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
2198:Arkady Vaksberg (1990)
1965:McSmith, Andy (2015).
1940:Brain, Edward (1986).
1827:Medvedev, Roy (1971).
1375:, pp. 22-3. Vaksberg,
1160:Awards and decorations
1141:. Until the period of
1072:
1048:
1007:
976:Allied Control Council
838:
755:
722:Industrial Party Trial
690:
563:Vyshinsky was born in
518:He is best known as a
500:
2096:, 226, 239, 242, 243.
2048:. University of Leeds
2031:, 207, 213, 215, 219.
1870:(Hitler's Henchmen -
1217:A Gentleman in Moscow
1058:
1051:Post-Second World War
1043:
989:
830:
742:
676:
657:, and the end of the
3186:20th-century jurists
2598:Mikhail Tereshchenko
2520:Ioannis Kapodistrias
2480:Alexander Bezborodko
2227:. Hotei Publishing.
1842:Bryukhovetsky, R.I.
964:Archibald Clark Kerr
3336:Russian prosecutors
2994:Vyacheslav Malyshev
2823:Alexander Belonogov
2674:Eduard Shevardnadze
2657:Eduard Shevardnadze
2530:Alexander Gorchakov
2500:Alexander Vorontsov
2455:Aleksey Tcherkassky
2412:Yemelyan Ukraintsev
2169:Stalin's Prosecutor
2120:"Vyshinsky, Andrey"
2107:Stalin's Prosecutor
2094:Stalin's Prosecutor
2081:Stalin's Prosecutor
2068:Stalin's Prosecutor
2029:Stalin's Prosecutor
1991:Stalin's Prosecutor
1944:. London: Methuen.
1928:Stalin's Prosecutor
1724:Stalin's Prosecutor
1711:Stalin's Prosecutor
1610:Stalin's Prosecutor
1562:Stalin's Prosecutor
1515:Stalin's Prosecutor
1472:Stalin's Prosecutor
1459:Stalin's Prosecutor
1446:Stalin's Prosecutor
1433:Stalin's Prosecutor
1420:Stalin's Prosecutor
1407:Stalin's Prosecutor
1377:Stalin's Prosecutor
1360:Stalin's Prosecutor
1229:alternative history
1227:In Gregor Martov's
1198:Cultural references
1097:(1940–1949),
1059:Secretary of State
726:Metro-Vickers trial
669:Bolsheviks in power
622:February Revolution
378:Kherson Governorate
32:Vyshinsky (surname)
3135:Mir Jafar Baghirov
3110:Nikolai Patolichev
3014:Vyacheslav Molotov
2974:Demyan Korotchenko
2959:Kliment Voroshilov
2846:Russian Federation
2684:Russian Federation
2637:Vyacheslav Molotov
2560:Alexander Izvolsky
2515:Nikolay Rumyantsev
2465:Mikhailo Vorontsov
2308:Vyacheslav Molotov
2291:Vyacheslav Molotov
2283:Political offices
2189:, 14 December 1953
1073:
1065:Potsdam Conference
1020:Potsdam Conference
1008:
948:Vyacheslav Molotov
925:Vyacheslav Molotov
901:Vsevolod Meyerhold
864:Yevgeny Pashukanis
857:Leonid Serebryakov
756:
750:during the second
744:Prosecutor General
691:
638:October Revolution
626:Yakimanka District
540:Vyacheslav Molotov
430:RSDLP (Mensheviks)
317:Vyacheslav Molotov
238:Vyacheslav Molotov
228:Vyacheslav Molotov
166:Vyacheslav Molotov
117:Vyacheslav Molotov
3163:
3162:
3155:Alexei Kirichenko
3120:Alexander Puzanov
3073:Candidate members
3064:Alexei Kirichenko
3059:Matvei Shkiryatov
3044:Nikita Khrushchev
3019:Mikhail Pervukhin
3009:Nikolai Mikhailov
2890:
2889:
2803:Nikolai Fedorenko
2715:
2714:
2575:Nikolai Pokrovsky
2555:Vladimir Lamsdorf
2485:Fyodor Rostopchin
2359:Tsardom of Russia
2314:
2313:
2305:Succeeded by
2234:978-90-04-29306-9
1976:978-1-59558-056-6
1883:Shirer, William,
1678:Stéphane Courtois
1345:Arkady Vaksberg,
1332:Arkady Vaksberg,
1319:Arkady Vaksberg,
1084:Kersten Committee
1039:Sir Frank Roberts
1037:British diplomat
972:Tehran Conference
703:Moscow University
659:Russian Civil War
501:Andrzej Wyszyński
477:
476:
140:Mikhail Pankratov
85:Vyshinsky in 1940
16:(Redirected from
3358:
3150:Nikolai Shvernik
3085:Andrey Vyshinsky
3054:Nikolai Shvernik
3049:Dmitry Chesnokov
2979:Vasili Kuznetsov
2969:Lazar Kaganovich
2954:Nikolai Bulganin
2939:Vasily Andrianov
2917:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2878:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2813:Oleg Troyanovsky
2788:Andrey Vyshinsky
2763:
2761:
2760:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2697:Yevgeny Primakov
2642:Andrey Vyshinsky
2627:Georgy Chicherin
2550:Mikhail Muravyov
2545:Nikolay Shishkin
2445:Gavrila Golovkin
2397:Artamon Matveyev
2340:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2302:1949–1953
2288:Preceded by
2280:
2279:
2239:
2238:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2070:, 226, 231, 234.
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1896:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1767:The Great Terror
1762:
1756:
1750:Raider Vyshinsky
1747:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1674:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1551:, 10 August 1933
1544:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1272:
1143:de-Stalinization
1012:Yalta Conference
913:Joseph E. Davies
907:Wartime diplomat
768:Grigory Zinoviev
699:Nikolai Krylenko
661:, he joined the
610:
532:Nuremberg trials
520:state prosecutor
494:
487:
469:
434:
394:
391:22 November 1954
371:10 December 1883
370:
368:
352:Personal details
341:
306:
285:
273:
254:
235:
225:
206:
185:
177:Nikolai Krylenko
173:
156:
137:
125:
106:
83:
74:
73:Андрей Вышинский
66:Andrey Vyshinsky
62:
61:
21:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3140:Leonid Melnikov
3095:Nikolai Ignatov
3080:Leonid Brezhnev
3068:
3004:Anastas Mikoyan
2999:Leonid Melnikov
2989:Georgy Malenkov
2964:Semyon Ignatyev
2949:Lavrentiy Beria
2927:
2921:
2891:
2886:
2882:Vasily Nebenzya
2876:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2716:
2711:
2678:
2647:Dmitri Shepilov
2611:
2602:
2579:
2495:Viktor Kochubey
2450:Andrey Osterman
2431:
2407:Vasily Golitsyn
2382:Pyotr Tretyakov
2367:Ivan Viskovatyi
2353:
2344:
2310:
2301:
2293:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2193:
2181:"The Iron Heel"
2179:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1882:
1878:
1872:Roland Freisler
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1840:
1836:
1825:
1821:
1798:10.2307/2195714
1778:
1774:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1675:
1671:
1655:Yuri Slezkine,
1654:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1621:John McCannon,
1620:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1590:on 29 July 2018
1587:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1484:Medvedev, Roy.
1482:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1413:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1252:
1233:His New Majesty
1200:
1167:Orders of Lenin
1162:
1154:
1131:
1115:
1053:
1028:Nicolae Rădescu
968:Wendell Willkie
952:Stafford Cripps
944:Lavrentiy Beria
929:Western Ukraine
909:
874:Roland Freisler
853:misappropriated
843:Arkady Vaksberg
772:Left Opposition
737:
714:Arkady Vaksberg
671:
618:
604:
592:faction of the
583:Kiev University
561:
556:
483:
435:
432:
426:Political party
396:
392:
372:
366:
364:
363:
362:
342:
337:
307:
302:
283:
271:
265:Georgy Malenkov
255:
250:
233:
223:
207:
202:
183:
171:
157:
152:
135:
123:
107:
102:
86:
72:
67:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3346:Soviet lawyers
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Alexei Kosygin
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:Mikhail Suslov
3036:
3031:
3029:Maksim Saburov
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2944:Averky Aristov
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:Pyotr Ilyichev
2871:
2869:Vitaly Churkin
2866:
2864:Andrey Denisov
2861:
2856:
2854:Yuli Vorontsov
2850:
2848:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2828:Yuli Vorontsov
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Valerian Zorin
2795:
2793:Arkady Sobolev
2790:
2785:
2783:Valerian Zorin
2780:
2775:
2773:Andrei Gromyko
2769:
2767:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:Andrei Kozyrev
2688:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Andrei Gromyko
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Maxim Litvinov
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2593:Pavel Milyukov
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2570:Boris Shturmer
2567:
2565:Sergey Sazonov
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2437:Russian Empire
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2427:Peter Shafirov
2424:
2422:Fyodor Golovin
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2303:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2246:External links
2244:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2213:
2204:
2191:
2173:
2160:
2137:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2033:
2020:
1995:
1982:
1975:
1957:
1950:
1932:
1916:
1891:
1876:
1860:
1834:
1819:
1792:(2): 385–388.
1772:
1769:. p. 276.
1757:
1742:
1739:. 16 May 2012.
1728:
1715:
1702:
1669:
1648:
1635:
1614:
1601:
1566:
1553:
1534:
1519:
1506:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1437:
1424:
1411:
1395:
1381:
1364:
1351:
1338:
1325:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1130:
1127:
1114:
1111:
1107:United Nations
1069:Andrei Gromyko
1052:
1049:
1006:and Vyshinsky.
921:Maxim Litvinov
908:
905:
810:Wrangel Island
736:
733:
670:
667:
630:Vladimir Lenin
617:
614:
560:
557:
555:
552:
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401:
395:(aged 70)
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382:Russian Empire
360:
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323:
322:
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289:Arkady Sobolev
286:
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277:Valerian Zorin
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2:
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3126:
3125:Ivan Tevosian
3123:
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3118:
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3115:Nikolai Pegov
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3090:Arseny Zverev
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3034:Joseph Stalin
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2984:Otto Kuusinen
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2402:Larion Ivanov
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2377:Ivan Gramotin
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2009:
2005:
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1992:
1986:
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1968:
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1951:0-413-41120-6
1947:
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1754:Novaya Gazeta
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1698:0-674-07608-7
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1665:0-8014-8178-3
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1631:0-19-511436-1
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1237:Anton Denikin
1234:
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1204:Pet Shop Boys
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1119:New York City
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970:. During the
969:
965:
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837:
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829:
827:
823:
822:Moscow Trials
818:
815:
811:
807:
806:Glavsevmorput
802:
800:
799:Moscow Trials
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:Joseph Stalin
779:
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773:
769:
765:
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710:Shakhty Trial
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687:Moscow Trials
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549:
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541:
537:
534:. He was the
533:
529:
528:Moscow Trials
525:
524:Joseph Stalin
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
490:
486:
481:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
456:civil servant
453:
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446:
442:
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405:Resting place
403:
399:
398:New York City
390:
386:
383:
379:
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359:
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346:
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332:
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324:
321:
320:Joseph Stalin
318:
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275:
269:
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217:Joseph Stalin
215:
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200:
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82:
77:
70:
63:
60:
56:
52:
49: and the
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3100:Ivan Kabanov
3084:
2932:Full members
2818:Yuri Dubinin
2787:
2765:Soviet Union
2668:Boris Pankin
2666:
2641:
2622:Leon Trotsky
2614:Soviet Union
2535:Nikolay Girs
2387:Almaz Ivanov
2351:Soviet Union
2296:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2199:
2194:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2123:
2114:
2106:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2036:
2028:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1966:
1960:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1766:
1760:
1745:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1681:
1672:
1656:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1585:the original
1576:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1492:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1448:, 36, 39-40.
1445:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1280:
1270:
1242:The saying "
1241:
1232:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1191:Stalin Prize
1155:
1147:
1132:
1116:
1092:
1081:
1074:
1061:James Byrnes
1044:
1036:
1009:
957:
941:
910:
898:
890:
872:
868:
861:
850:
847:
839:
831:
819:
803:
795:Stalin Prize
790:
780:
776:Sergei Kirov
757:
752:Moscow Trial
730:
719:
707:
695:nomenklatura
692:
643:Alexei Rykov
619:
602:Bayil prison
587:
576:
562:
517:
479:
478:
393:(1954-11-22)
338:
303:
284:Succeeded by
251:
234:Succeeded by
203:
184:Succeeded by
153:
136:Succeeded by
103:
59:
54:
47:Yanuaryevich
46:
3181:1954 deaths
3176:1883 births
3130:Pavel Yudin
2926:(1952–1956)
2808:Yakov Malik
2778:Yakov Malik
2702:Igor Ivanov
1493:JPRS Report
1281:wyborcza.pl
1221:Amor Towles
1129:Scholarship
1032:Petru Groza
998:by Marshal
917:Great Purge
876:, a German
826:Great Purge
824:during the
808:station on
787:Great Purge
764:Ivan Akulov
647:Lev Kamenev
605: [
530:and in the
439:(1920–1954)
433:(1903–1920)
416:Nationality
272:Preceded by
224:Preceded by
172:Preceded by
129:Ivan Akulov
124:Preceded by
51:family name
3266:Mensheviks
3261:Bolsheviks
3170:Categories
2171:, 252-253.
2105:Vaksberg,
2092:Vaksberg,
2079:Vaksberg,
2066:Vaksberg,
2027:Vaksberg,
1993:, 193-194.
1989:Vaksberg,
1926:Vaksberg,
1765:Conquest.
1722:Vaksberg,
1713:, 83, 107.
1709:Vaksberg,
1700:, page 750
1667:), p. 288.
1644:Red Arctic
1642:McCannon,
1633:), p. 156.
1608:Vaksberg,
1560:Vaksberg,
1513:Vaksberg,
1457:Vaksberg,
1444:Vaksberg,
1431:Vaksberg,
1418:Vaksberg,
1371:Vaksberg,
1358:Vaksberg,
1262:References
1004:Sokolovsky
1002:, General
996:Karlshorst
748:Karl Radek
663:Bolsheviks
636:, but the
620:After the
559:Early life
444:Profession
367:1883-12-10
43:patronymic
1806:0002-9300
1646:, p. 157.
1594:23 August
1548:The Times
1392:. Kronos.
1209:Behaviour
1024:Bucharest
992:Wehrmacht
960:Kuibyshev
590:Menshevik
554:Biography
485:‹See Tfd›
462:Signature
339:In office
331:Presidium
304:In office
252:In office
204:In office
154:In office
104:In office
55:Vyshinsky
18:Vyshinsky
2877:(acting)
2349:and the
1692:, 1999,
1612:, 79-80.
1564:, 78-79.
1517:, 51-54.
1422:, 22-25.
1379:, 22-25.
1250:See also
894:Cyrillic
513:diplomat
452:diplomat
411:, Moscow
2273:of the
2269:in the
2130:3 April
2013:3 March
1904:Khronos
1814:2195714
1499:30 June
1187:(1945).
1016:Romania
834:Trotsky
655:Denikin
567:into a
546:in the
489:Russian
313:Premier
261:Premier
213:Premier
163:Premier
113:Premier
2843:
2762:
2231:
2153:4 July
2109:, 244.
2083:, 239.
2052:1 July
1973:
1948:
1930:, 204.
1909:4 July
1853:1 July
1812:
1804:
1726:, 107.
1696:
1663:
1629:
1231:novel
1181:(1944)
1175:(1933)
1152:Family
1000:Zhukov
981:Naples
946:, and
933:Latvia
653:under
651:Whites
645:, and
569:Polish
565:Odessa
509:jurist
497:Polish
448:Jurist
420:Soviet
400:, U.S.
374:Odessa
41:, the
2046:(PDF)
1810:JSTOR
1588:(PDF)
1581:(PDF)
1489:(PDF)
1474:, 44.
1461:, 43.
1435:, 30.
1409:, 25.
1362:, 22.
1113:Death
814:Yupik
679:Lenin
609:]
2612:the
2229:ISBN
2186:Time
2155:2023
2132:2015
2054:2023
2015:2007
1971:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1911:2023
1855:2023
1802:ISSN
1694:ISBN
1682:The
1661:ISBN
1627:ISBN
1596:2015
1501:2023
1202:The
1165:Six
878:Nazi
573:Baku
511:and
505:O.S.
388:Died
357:Born
328:19th
2610:and
2275:ZBW
1794:doi
1752:by
1545:",
1219:by
1137:'s
1067:by
785:'s
526:'s
522:of
53:is
45:is
3172::
2183:,
2122:.
2006:.
1919:^
1902:.
1846:.
1808:.
1800:.
1790:51
1788:.
1784:.
1688:,
1680:,
1491:.
1279:,
1125:.
1109:.
1090:.
1079:.
1034:.
983:.
888:.
778:.
665:.
607:ru
550:.
515:.
499::
495:;
491::
454:,
450:,
380:,
376:,
2916:e
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2727:v
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2325:v
2237:.
2157:.
2134:.
2056:.
2017:.
1979:.
1954:.
1913:.
1857:.
1816:.
1796::
1598:.
1543:'
1503:.
793:(
754:.
482:(
369:)
365:(
57:.
34:.
20:)
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