423:-leased building, and a building housing education programs. He also created several Cherokee buildings targeted at industry building; such as a garment manufacturing company with Cherokee employees, the Cherokee Nation Builders Corporation (with Cherokee Indian construction crews), and skills training programs to assimilate to the new industrialized world as well as crafts and child care training for women at home. He also established a national Cherokee newspaper and oversaw the Tribal Housing Authority, which offered low-cost housing to Cherokees. Keeler helped establish the Cherokee Foundation and through legal legislation attained $ 14,789,000 from the federal government over land dispute. He also presided over the drafting of a new Cherokee constitution in 1975 in his final year as chief.
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than anybody else, but they should still have all the rights of everyone else." He also advocated hard work of
Indians as means to progress stating that "Indians cannot win friends by force and that militancy damages constructive causes." In 1971, Keeler was democratically elected as Chief of the Cherokee Nation, this was the first democratic election of chief since 1903. Ross Swimmer, who followed Keeler as Chief after Keeler decided not to run for a second term—stated that Keeler "was the Cherokee tribe. He was the one who established the tribe and he did a lot of it with his own money and energy."
25:
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forced to retire in 1973 due to reaching the company's mandatory retirement age. His success with
Phillips Petroleum drew the attention of the federal government and displayed him as a leader who could be appointed to higher positions. Keeler was quoted as saying "easterners... are aghast" at finding he was Indian due to his success in the oil industry.
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as a child and lived with his grandmother due to his mother's ill health. She instilled into him "Indian ways" and
Cherokee principles of morality. His mother eventually returned and attempted to raise him with white principles and pushed for him to assimilate. The starkly contrasting influences from
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Milam was the first
Cherokee Principal Chief appointed since the tribal governments had been abolished, just before Oklahoma was proclaimed as a state. Milam had established an executive committee to assist him in governing the tribe. Both Indian Commissioner John R. Nichols and the U.S. Government
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as chief chemist. The family moved back to
Bartlesville in 1941, where their youngest son was born. During World War II, he supervised the construction of a new refinery Phillips built in Mexico. After the end of the war, he was promoted to manager of Phillips' refining department in Bartlesville.
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Keeler's work with
Phillips Petroleum was quite a step forward for Indians of the time. He managed to climb through the ranks of a white-owned company despite being a Cherokee Indian. After working for nearly half a century with Philips Petroleum, he rose to CEO of the company in 1968 until he was
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in the late 1950s. Also, while serving as Chief, he did not endorse the radical change of the late 1960s and 1970s but instead promoted more conservative changes and equality. He actively supported education and welfare work among his people, stating "Indians should not be entitled to more rights
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Keeler created tribal institutions such as the
Cherokee Nation Builders Corporation and a national Cherokee newspaper. He helped establish the Cherokee Foundation and attain $ 14 million from the federal government over a land dispute. He led the drafting of a new Cherokee constitution in 1975.
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In 1948 he was selected as vice chairman of the tribe's executive committee. Both the
Cherokee National Council and the Oklahoma congressional delegation recommended that President Truman appoint Keeler as Chief in 1949, following the death of the previous principal chief,
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Both of Bill Keeler's paternal and maternal grandfathers, George B. Keeler and Nelson F. Carr, were white men who had settled in
Cherokee territory and married Cherokee women. They were notable for their roles in founding the community that is now
364:. During a period from 1945 to 1972 he also served as chairman of the executive committee of the Texas Cherokees and Associate Bands and was instrumental in getting the 1836 Treaty of Bowles Village brought before the
411:." He promoted infrastructure building within Cherokee land while serving as chief. Although Keeler would eventually manage to create great leaps in Cherokee infrastructure and life, he did not promote
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326:. The couple married in Kansas City on September 15, 1933. They remained in Kansas City, where their first two sons were born, until 1939, when he transferred to the Phillips refinery in
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238:, where he became chief executive officer at the end of a long career with the company. Throughout his life he also worked in the federal government for the advancement of Indians.
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Keeler also promoted and accomplished infrastructure building in the
Cherokee nation. The Cherokee Nation owned several office Buildings including the Tribal Business Office, a
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House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Disposition of Judgment Funds of the Cherokee Nation or Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. 87 H.R. 11590. June 19, 1962. Page 3.
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House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Disposition of Judgment Funds of the Cherokee Nation or Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. 87 H.R. 11590. June 19, 1962.
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Bill Keeler's parents were William and Sarah Louisa Carr, both of whom were of Cherokee descent. William was a stockman who had traveled from Bartlesville to the
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Refinery even before he graduated. While living there, he met Ruby Lucille Hamilton, who had graduated from the nursing school at Trinity Lutheran Hospital in
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his mother and grandmother conflicted Keeler in his early life, but he ultimately successfully assimilated into white society. He began working part-time for
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on various construction sites at age sixteen while still in high school, and continued during the summers while attending college. Keeler graduated from the
267:. Carr owned the sawmill and grist mill in town. George Keeler was one of the men involved in drilling the first oil well in what would become the state of
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368:. He resigned that post in 1972. Under President Johnson's Administration, Keeler was appointed as a member of the National Advisory Committee for the
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286:. During high school and college, he spent his summers working on construction sites for Phillips Petroleum Company. In 1924, Blanche married
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348:. Keeler continued to build on the Milam model, and would remain in the chief position until 1975, having been reappointed by Presidents
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in 1908 to buy cattle. Sarah was then expecting her fourth child, but decided to accompany her husband. She delivered their first son in
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Keeler's success in the oil industry and work with the federal government coincided with his older, more conservative upbringing.
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appointed Keeler chairman of a task force to find ways to improve utilization of native labor. Also under President Johnson, the
226:(April 5, 1908 – August 24, 1987) was an American engineer, oilman, and tribal chief. He was the last appointed and first elected
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and Associate Bands from 1939 until 1972. In 1971, he became the Cherokees' first elected chief since 1903.
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282:. Only two of their children survived to adulthood: Bill and a sister, Blanche. Young Bill attended
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395:, an Indian activist during the 1960, once mockingly described him as "a little brown American."
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Program and was put on the President's Committee on Economic Opportunity. Alaskan Governor
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He died in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, on August 24, 1987, after four years of failing health.
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W.W. Keeler Papers, TCAB Files, Cherokee National Historical Society, Tahlequah, Oklahoma
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Some consider Keeler to be the most influential person to the Cherokee nation aside from
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652:"In petroleum, Indian affairs he is a leader: Cherokee Chief leads Phillips oil firm".
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Cobb, Daniel M. (2008). Native Activism in Cold War America. United Press of Kansas.
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Lowe, Marjorie. "Let's Make It Happen" W. W. Keeler and Cherokee Renewal.
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Oil Man: The Story Of Frank Phillips & The Birth of Phillips Petroleum
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384:, appointed Keeler to head a group to with the focus of reorganizing the
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http://www.oklahomaheritage.com/HallofFame/SearchbyName.aspx%7COklahoma
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in 1949. He also served as chairman for the executive committee of the
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Keeler accepted a full-time engineering position at Phillips'
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1161:, acting principal chief of the Union Cherokee (1862–1863)
926:(also known as Ogan'sto', "Groundhog Sausage") (1778–1785)
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Keeler reached Phillips' mandatory retirement age in 1973.
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accepted Milam's committee as a legally constituted body.
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1167:, acting principal chief of the Union Cherokee (1863)
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501:. "Adams, Kenneth Stanley." (1983) Greenwood Press.
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Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders
938:(or "Corntassel," "Tassel," Kaiyatahee) (1783–1788)
564:Agnew, Brad. "Keeler, William Wayne (1908–1987).
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310:with a degree in chemical engineering in 1930.
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566:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
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1687:American businesspeople in the oil industry
739:Heritage Association:Oklahoma Hall of Fame.
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48:. Please do not remove this message until
16:American engineer, oilman and tribal chief
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68:Learn how and when to remove this message
718:. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago. X.
242:appointed him as Principal Chief of the
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1702:Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation
873:, "emperor" of the Cherokees until 1730
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688:
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1372:William W. Hastings (January 22, 1936)
776:Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation
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228:Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation
104:Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation
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656:. April 2, 1967 – via ProQuest.
516:. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago.
1667:20th-century American businesspeople
749:Cherokee Nation Tribal Complex (OK).
698:Native Activism in Cold War America.
685:
639:Contemporary American Indian Leaders
489:Contemporary American Indian Leaders
314:Career at Phillips Petroleum Company
18:
1366:Charles J. Hunt (December 27, 1928)
1244:(1905–1906); also president of the
1238:(1903–1905); deposed by the council
716:A Historical Sketch of the Cherokee
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514:A Historical Sketch of the Cherokee
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230:in the 20th century. Educated as a
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1697:People from Bartlesville, Oklahoma
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14:
1718:
955:(or Scolaguta) (served 1788–1794)
509:(v. 1).Available on Google Books.
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1472:, or Flying Squirrel (1870–1875)
1455:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
1039:(1824–1828); principal chief of
491:. Cornwall Press, Inc. New York.
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1677:20th-century American engineers
1565:Olsey Bird Saunooke (1959–1963)
1508:, or Young Squirrel (1903–1907)
1369:Oliver P. Brewer (May 26, 1931)
1263:Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
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1672:20th-century American chemists
1529:Joseph A. Saunooke (1919–1923)
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295:Long Hair Clan of the Cherokee
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1682:20th-century Native Americans
700:United Press of Kansas. p.61.
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525:. (1995) St. Martin's Press.
431:Keeler was inducted into the
1637:Michell Hicks (2023–present)
1146:Indian Territory (1839–1907)
1055:head of government from 1813
533:. Available on Google Books.
441:The W. W. Keeler Complex in
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1707:University of Kansas alumni
1692:American chemical engineers
1246:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
1196:William P. Ross (1872–1875)
836:Early decentralized leaders
487:Gridley, Marion E. (1972).
284:Bartlesville public schools
244:Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
50:conditions to do so are met
10:
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965:Chickamauga/Lower Cherokee
751:Retrieved August 30, 2013.
612:Retrieved August 28, 2013.
608:The Chronicles of Oklahoma
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236:Phillips Petroleum Company
1568:Jarret Blythe (1963–1967)
1562:Jarret Blythe (1955–1959)
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1193:Lewis Downing (1867–1872)
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879:(also known as Ama-edohi)
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570:Retrieved April 15, 2012.
378:Secretary of the Interior
293:Keeler was born into the
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1345:Oklahoma/Cherokee Nation
1261:United Keetoowah Band of
696:Cobb, Daniel M. (2008).
386:Bureau of Indian Affairs
366:Indian Claims Commission
288:Kenneth S. "Boots" Adams
258:Early life and education
1423:Chad "Corntassel" Smith
714:Monney, James. (1975).
512:Monney, James. (1975).
448:
1287:Jim Pickup (1960–1967)
1251:William Charles Rogers
299:Bartlesville, Oklahoma
265:Bartlesville, Oklahoma
188:Bartlesville, Oklahoma
992:served from 1802–1807
433:Oklahoma Hall of Fame
324:Kansas City, Missouri
1482:Nimrod Jarrett Smith
1224:Samuel Houston Mayes
1083:Cherokee Nation West
1010:Cherokee Nation East
932:of Chota (1781–1783)
308:University of Kansas
224:William Wayne Keeler
207:University of Kansas
158:William Wayne Keeler
1590:Robert S. Youngdeer
1557:Osley Bird Saunooke
920:(ca. 1703–ca. 1780)
637:Gridley, Marion E.
443:Tahlequah, Oklahoma
320:Kansas City, Kansas
37:of this article is
1596:Jonathan L. Taylor
1518:Joseph A. Saunooke
1494:Andy Standing Deer
1488:Stillwell Saunooke
1343:Cherokee Nation of
1144:Cherokee Nation in
761:Political offices
413:native sovereignty
304:Phillips Petroleum
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1539:John A. Tahquette
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1449:
1429:S. Joe Crittenden
1361:William C. Rogers
1242:Frank J. Boudinot
1230:Thomas Buffington
877:Moytoy of Tellico
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783:Succeeded by
521:Wallis, Michael.
234:, he worked for
232:chemical engineer
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77:
70:
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1512:John Goins Welch
1506:Bird Saloloneeta
1441:Chuck Hoskin Jr.
1351:
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1327:George Wickliffe
1206:Dennis Bushyhead
1200:Charles Thompson
1184:John Ross (1866)
1049:Charles R. Hicks
918:Otacity Ostenaco
901:Moytoy of Citico
885:(1708/1711–1780)
825:Principal Chiefs
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240:President Truman
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1188:William P. Ross
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1457:(1824–present)
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641:. p. 111.
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297:. He moved to
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185:(aged 79)
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1602:Gerard Parker
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1524:David Blythe
1405:Ross Swimmer
1399:W. W. Keeler
1398:
1382:W. W. Keeler
1381:
1270:John Hitcher
1218:C. J. Harris
1155:(1839–1862)
1067:(1828–1839)
1052:
1033:(1811–1827)
889:Amouskositte
871:Wrosetasetow
861:Long Warrior
786:Ross Swimmer
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732:
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183:(1987-08-24)
139:Ross Swimmer
134:Succeeded by
111:
64:
55:
33:
1662:1987 deaths
1657:1908 births
1634:(2017–2023)
1628:(2015–2017)
1622:(2003–2015)
1616:(1999–2003)
1610:(1995–1999)
1608:Joyce Dugan
1598:(1987–1995)
1592:(1983–1987)
1586:(1973–1983)
1580:(1971–1973)
1578:Noah Powell
1574:(1967–1971)
1559:(1951–1955)
1553:(1947–1951)
1547:(1931–1947)
1541:(1927–1931)
1535:(1923–1927)
1533:Sampson Owl
1526:(1915–1919)
1520:(1911–1915)
1514:(1907–1911)
1502:(1899–1903)
1496:(1895–1899)
1490:(1891–1895)
1484:(1880–1891)
1478:(1875–1880)
1466:(1824–1839)
1437:(2011–2019)
1425:(1999–2011)
1419:(1995–1999)
1413:(1985–1995)
1407:(1975–1985)
1401:(1971–1975)
1384:(1949–1971)
1378:(1941–1949)
1363:(1907-1917)
1329:(2005–2016)
1323:(2000–2004)
1317:(1996–2000)
1311:(1991–1995)
1305:(1983–1991)
1299:(1979–1983)
1293:(1967–1979)
1284:(1954–1960)
1282:Jeff Tindle
1278:(1946–1954)
1272:(1939–1946)
1232:(1899–1903)
1226:(1895–1899)
1220:(1891–1895)
1214:(1887–1891)
1208:(1879–1887)
1202:(1875–1879)
1190:(1866–1867)
1179:Stand Watie
1159:Thomas Pegg
1136:(1839–1840)
1134:John Rogers
1128:John Looney
1118:(1838–1839)
1116:John Looney
1112:(1819–1838)
1106:(1817–1819)
1100:(1813–1817)
1094:(1810–1813)
1085:(1810–1839)
1073:(1833–1835)
1061:(1827–1828)
1027:(1801–1811)
1021:(1794–1801)
1012:(1794–1839)
1002:(1807–1809)
982:(1792–1802)
976:(1777–1792)
967:(1777–1809)
953:Hanging Maw
951:opposed by
903:(1759–1761)
897:(1753–1756)
891:(1741–1753)
867:(1729–1730)
857:(1716–1721)
769:J. B. Milam
346:J. B. Milam
127:J. B. Milam
122:Preceded by
1651:Categories
1614:Leon Jones
1500:Jesse Reed
1376:J.B. Milam
1315:Jim Henson
1276:Jim Pickup
1122:John Brown
1110:John Jolly
1043:'s faction
1031:Pathkiller
1000:Ta'gwadihi
990:Old Tassel
986:Doublehead
980:John Watts
936:Old Tassel
924:Oconostota
838:(pre-1794)
780:1949–1975
538:References
350:Eisenhower
164:1908-04-05
58:April 2018
35:neutrality
1470:Salonitah
1464:Yonaguska
1354:Appointed
1333:Joe Bunch
1309:John Ross
1303:John Hair
1153:John Ross
1065:John Ross
1041:Whitepath
1037:Big Tiger
1025:Black Fox
996:The Glass
930:Savanukah
909:(d. 1761)
847:(d. 1729)
435:in 1966.
405:John Ross
203:Education
116:1949–1975
112:In office
46:talk page
1417:Joe Byrd
1098:Degadoga
1092:The Bowl
1053:de facto
1051:(1827),
907:Uka Ulah
845:Outacite
829:Cherokee
269:Oklahoma
39:disputed
1392:Elected
895:Old Hop
855:Tugaloo
827:of the
479:Sources
358:Johnson
354:Kennedy
280:Dalhart
1604:(1995)
1253:(1906)
1130:(1839)
1124:(1839)
865:Tanasi
529:
505:
360:, and
195:Spouse
190:, U.S.
173:, U.S.
998:, or
362:Nixon
527:ISBN
503:ISBN
449:Note
178:Died
154:Born
32:The
863:of
853:of
421:BIA
1653::
705:^
687:^
671:^
635:{
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584:^
546:^
388:.
380:,
356:,
352:,
271:.
211:BS
817:e
810:t
803:v
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213:)
209:(
166:)
162:(
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
52:.
42:.
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