323:. Challenging a short publicity review appearing in that magazine's April 8 issue, which described KDKA as "The First Broadcaster", Taylor asserted that "It is true KDKA was the first to broadcast Sunday church services regularly, but this cörporation, operating a station in Medford Hillside, 1XE, was the first to broadcast a regular daily schedule, when police reports for the City of Boston were sent out every night together with musical programs. This 'first' business is a mighty hard thing to prove. DeForest was broadcasting intermittently in 1915, and so were we. KDKA was the first to broadcast weekly, but we were the first to broadcast daily, which is quite a difference." (The next issue of the magazine made amends by running a biography of Harold Power, that featured a full page photograph with the caption "His realization of the universal importance of radio broadcasting led to the establishment of the world's first station in 1921.") Taylor apparently believed that, following its debut on November 2, 1920 (initially as 8ZZ), KDKA had broadcast only on Sundays for an extended period of time. However, KDKA actually inaugurated daily programming on December 21, 1920, several months before the May 21, 1921 start of 1XE's daily police report service.
126:
168:
20:
195:
broadcasts, the department promulgated a new rule, effective
December 1, 1921, that broadcasting stations would now have to hold a Limited Commercial license which included an authorization to use one or both of two newly designated broadcasting wavelengths: 360 meters (833 kHz) for "entertainment" and 485 meters (619 meters) for "market and weather reports". AMRAD applied for this new license for its station, which was issued on February 7, 1922 with the randomly assigned call letters of WGI, and authorized the use of 360 meters. This was the second broadcasting station license issued in Massachusetts, following Westinghouse's
55:
159:
part to generate interest in receivers sold by AMRAD. A notable development was the adoption of a daily schedule beginning on May 21, 1921, when 1XE began broadcasting, each evening at 7:20 p.m., "information as to fugitives, stolen automobiles, and similar information of interest to outlying police" that had been collected at Boston police headquarters for dissemination by the radio station. Music was also included with these broadcasts.
134:
AMRAD received several profitable military contracts, and appears to have been one of the few civilian organizations allowed to conduct radio transmissions during the war. On
February 21, 1919, a few months before the October 1919 lifting of the general ban on civilian transmitters, AMRAD announced that it would attempt to establish two-way radiotelephone communication with the
206:. Eddie Dunham later took over this role, and allegedly palmed an extra $ 5 weekly fee given to him by the publishers in exchange for providing additional promotion for the magazine. In April 1922 it was announced that thirteen members of the Tufts faculty had volunteered to give lectures over WGI, which was thought to be the first use of radio to present college lectures.
23:"Main Factory of the American Radio and Research Corporation. Medford Hillside, Mass. Home of Amrad Radio. Showing at extreme right Research and Engineering Laboratories and Broadcasting Station WGI, the Pioneer Radiophone for Broadcasting to the Layman Public." (Caption from 1922 company advertisement)
79:
near Boston, Power arranged with the local high school to teach a year-long evening radio course, with the provision that he would not be paid unless at least one of his students went on to qualify as a commercial operator. He continued to teach while attending college, and also worked as a shipboard
242:
purchased the AMRAD assets out of bankruptcy. In addition to resuming factory production, it was said there were plans to resume WARC's operation "before many weeks", using a new 500-watt transmitter. In late
February it was further reported that the station would be back on the air with an improved
146:
reported that as a demonstration "a concert by radiophone will be given from the
Medford radio station" the next day, and a month later Filene's department store advertised the sale of radio receivers that were "a creation of a company out in Medford", and which had been used to listen "to a concert
133:
AMRAD began operating an experimental station, 1XE, in 1917. After the United States entered World War One, an executive order issued on April 7, 1917 made it illegal for civilians to possess working radio receivers, and the government took control of most of the radio industry. During the conflict
83:
Power graduated from Tufts in 1914 with a degree in engineering. The next year he and several fellow Tufts graduates founded AMRAD, which was described as dedicated to improving existing receiver design and advancing radio technology. The new company, with Power the president, was headquartered in a
41:
WGI was widely known as "The AMRAD station", and initially gained national prominence for its innovative programs. However, AMRAD soon faced severe financial problems that curtailed the station's operations. In early 1925 the call letters briefly changed to WARC, but within a few weeks the station
158:
market. This focus would radically change with the development of the "broadcasting boom" in the early 1920s, which by the end of 1922 saw the establishment of over 500 broadcasting stations in the United States. As part of this trend, the amount of programming broadcast over 1XE was expanded, in
234:
in nearby
Schenectady, NY) and also to work the name of the parent company into the call letters", and the station made its first broadcast using the new call sign on the evening of March 17, 1925. But station operations were suspended three weeks later, when, on April 7, 1925, AMRAD filed for
194:
The
Department of Commerce was responsible for regulating radio at this time, and initially there were no formal regulations about stations making broadcasts intended for the general public. Responding to an increase in the number of stations, especially amateur, that were making entertainment
141:
1XE was revived after the conclusion of the war, and the station reportedly began experimental voice and music broadcasts in 1919. However, information about any entertainment broadcasts, both before and immediately after World War One, is very limited. In 1930, one former employee remembered
263:
In early 1922 Harold Power was quoted as stating that "In the spring of 1921 we started the world's first daily regular broadcasting schedule". The article in which this statement appeared additionally asserted that "With the growing importance of radio many are claiming to have originated
226:
AMRAD had a reputation for being poorly managed. Despite its early experience in the radio field, it had difficulty keeping up with advances, especially in the production of receivers for the general public. This led to significant financial losses when it tried to sell large quantities of
80:
operator during the summers, in order to fund his education. While at Tufts he helped form the Tufts
College Wireless Society, serving as its president. The club built a high-powered spark amateur radio station with the call sign 1JJ, which was located at Paige Hall.
235:
bankruptcy, with estimated debts of $ 500,000 versus assets of $ 192,000. It was announced that Tufts
College had purchased the company's land, property and radio station, and arranged a five-year lease of the assets back to AMRAD to allow it to continue operations.
243:
antenna system "just as soon as a suitable location for a Boston studio has been found". And in August 1926, it was announced that
Crosley was planning to establish a shortwave transmitter that would be used to relay programs from its station in Cincinnati, Ohio,
319:, and apparently were unaware of most of the broadcasting activities that had taken place prior to the establishment of either station. An example was a letter, written by AMRAD advertising manager H. M. Taylor, which appeared in the April 29, 1922 issue of
147:
given in
Medford". However, during this period the broadcasts appear to have been irregularly conducted. AMRAD's primary focus after the war was adopting the radiotelephone for personal communication, and a November 1920 article about the company in the
38:. WGI received its initial broadcasting license on February 7, 1922. However, the station had previously made regular broadcasts under an experimental license as 1XE, which were the first organized broadcasts in the Boston area.
84:
small building on Tufts' Medford Hillside campus. The attempted construction of an unusually tall radio tower at the site suffered an embarrassing collapse onto adjacent train tracks; it was replaced by a shorter structure.
267:
However, there are well documented examples of earlier organized broadcasting, including some on a daily basis that occurred prior to 1XE's inauguration of its own daily schedule. Activities in the United States included:
116:
aboard, Power contacted the ship by radiotelephone and over a three hour period transmitted a concert to showcase his radiotelephone transmitter. The younger Morgan was duly impressed, and became AMRAD's primary sponsor.
213:
began his career at WGI. However, in the summer of 1924 it was announced that Emery, who had been the program director and most prominent performer, was leaving the station to take a position at a new station,
62:
The American Radio and Research Corporation (AMRAD), which operated WGI, was founded by Harold J. Power (born 1893), who traced his interest in radio (then called "wireless telegraphy") to school lessons about
99:
transmitters, which could be used for audio transmissions. He also employed an imaginative demonstration to publicize his work for a key investor. Power was well known by the family of the famed millionaire
497:, February 1, 1917. The "1" in 1XE's call sign indicated that the station was located in the First Radio Inspection district, while the "X" signified that it was operating under an Experimental license.
43:
606:
264:
broadcasting and doubtless radio engineers and others considered it, but it is Harold J. Power to whom credit belongs for not only having the idea, but actually carrying it into execution."
238:
Although there would be occasional statements that WARC's broadcasts would be restarted, the station appears to have permanently gone off the air at this time. In December 1925
202:
Station employees were willingly drafted to provide programming during the evenings the station was on the air, including Eunice Randall, who read children's stories from
290:
in New York City, during 1916-1917 (including a widely heard election night broadcast in November 1916), and after the war resumed the broadcasts from 1919-1920.
151:
reviewed the possibility of using wireless telephones for communication, particularly in automobiles, but didn't make any references to broadcasting activities.
230:
In early 1925 WGI's call letters were changed to WARC, in order "to avoid confusion with stations with nearly similar names (note: most likely the powerful
2521:
71:
radio receiver at his home in Everett, Massachusetts when he was only 10 years old. At the age of 16, he became a commercial operator aboard the steamship
142:"playing phonograph records and reading jokes out of magazines in between pieces" beginning in the late summer of 1920. A report in the November 21, 1920
2511:
879:
426:
199:
in East Springfield, although AMRAD personnel were quick to point out that its broadcasts over 1XE had started months before WBZ began operating.
251:
noted that WARC was "definitely out of business", as it was one of 30 stations nationally that had failed to apply with the recently established
2531:
625:, March 1, 1922, page 2. Limited Commercial license, serial #289, issued February 7, 1922 for operation on 360 meters for a three month period.
2506:
2516:
167:
2501:
767:
2300:
1988:
1946:
1875:
1418:
1408:
1393:
1375:
2496:
2397:
891:
863:
847:
831:
474:
125:
2445:
247:, for retransmission by WARC. However, there is no sign that the station ever returned to the airwaves. Finally, in May 1927 the
953:
171:
Eunice Randall was an AMRAD engineer who in the summer of 1922 read children's stories on Tuesday and Thursday nights for WGI.
2420:
902:
1503:
590:
410:
799:
622:
394:
378:
490:
2526:
2474:
931:
815:
31:
46:
for two more years, but it never actually resumed broadcasting before being formally deleted in early 1927.
30:
was an early radio broadcasting station, licensed to the American Radio and Research Corporation (AMRAD) of
276:
conducted regular weekly broadcasts beginning as early as 1912. This station was the forerunner of today's
42:
suspended operations when the parent company filed for bankruptcy. WARC would continue to be listed on the
1765:
716:
339:
19:
946:
701:
634:
783:
297:, and, as the "California Theater" station, conducted daily transmissions beginning around April 1920.
2430:
2425:
227:
out-of-date equipment. J. P. Morgan, Jr. reportedly invested, fruitlessly, $ 800,000 in the company.
2435:
2402:
2184:
1162:
993:
252:
2415:
1435:
210:
1367:
2464:
2392:
2387:
1528:
939:
88:
362:
2457:
2326:
894:) listed two days later, December 23, 1920, as the date when KDKA's daily broadcasts began.
293:
De Forest later transferred 2XG's transmitter to San Francisco, where it was relicensed as
8:
1517:
87:
During the first two decades of radio development, transmissions were primarily made by
2321:
1554:
129:
Tufts professor Edward H. Rockwell broadcasting an educational lecture over WGI (1922)
239:
64:
2331:
1521:
331:
113:
76:
54:
961:
154:
AMRAD's business was initially oriented toward government contracts and the small
1124:
980:
273:
183:
5.30 p. m.—Closing report on farmers' produce market (transmitted on 485 meters)
561:
519:
455:
2382:
971:
104:, having previously worked as a radio operator aboard the family's steam yacht
548:"Wireless Receiving Set as a Toy: Telephone Instruments on Sale at Filene's",
304:
station, the "Detroit News Radiophone", began daily programming (initially as
2490:
967:
917:
904:
315:
AMRAD staff displayed a special desire to claim priority over Westinghouse's
283:
155:
35:
95:
dots-and-dashes. Power recognized the importance of the recent invention of
101:
1922:
1694:
96:
286:
provided regular broadcasts from his "Highbridge" experimental station,
189:
6:45 p.m—"Bank Aid in the Extension of Business" by Alston H. Garside.
92:
75:, making the Boston to New York run. In order to earn money to attend
2283:
2241:
2134:
2099:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2050:
2045:
2030:
1998:
1956:
1917:
1902:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1709:
1704:
1689:
1684:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1604:
1540:
1512:
1352:
1322:
1312:
1272:
1257:
1167:
1098:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1048:
1038:
1033:
1008:
335:
287:
2224:
1719:
2347:
2251:
1929:
1754:
1579:
1023:
886:, April 16, 1922, page 2. (worldradiohistory.com) An April 8, 1922
338:
Pierre, SD (both claiming circa 1915 as start up dates) as well as
305:
231:
196:
2295:
2246:
2189:
2174:
2169:
2139:
2114:
2084:
2057:
1961:
1912:
1897:
1853:
1833:
1823:
1749:
1724:
1699:
1634:
1619:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1388:
1383:
1357:
1342:
1317:
1287:
1267:
1252:
1237:
1195:
1182:
1177:
316:
277:
68:
112:
approached the United States from a European voyage with banker
2124:
1939:
1934:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1664:
1659:
1564:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1282:
963:
343:
327:
309:
308:) in August 1920. This station was the forerunner of today's
138:
as it approached Boston with President Woodrow Wilson aboard.
1773:
1569:
326:
Other existing radio stations which claim pre-1920 roots are
187:
6.30 p.m.—Boston police reports. Boston Police headquarters.
16:
Radio station in Medford Hillside, Massachusetts (1919–1927)
2367:
2362:
2352:
2305:
2290:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2236:
2231:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2179:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2094:
2089:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1951:
1907:
1890:
1885:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1828:
1729:
1714:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1654:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1347:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1277:
1262:
1247:
1242:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1205:
1200:
1190:
1172:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1043:
1028:
1018:
1013:
1003:
998:
988:
215:
520:"Herald Announcer Tells Stories of Evolution of the Radio"
294:
244:
1545:
Radio Voie du Salut (Haitian Creole/English religion)
784:"Election Returns Flashed by Radio to 7,000 Amateurs"
562:"Talking by Wireless as You Travel by Train or Motor"
427:"The Rise and Fall of WGI, Boston's Pioneer Station"
870:, May 6, 1922, pages 10-11. (worldradiohistory.com)
854:, April 29, 1922, page 18. (worldradiohistory.com)
369:, Volume 10 (1922), Advertising Section, page VII.
838:, April 8, 1922, page 11. (worldradiohistory.com)
218:, being constructed by the Edison Light Company.
2488:
481:, April 8, 1922, page 7. (worldradiohistory.com)
613:, January 22, 1923, page 8. (fultonhistory.com)
367:Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers
178:WGI schedule for January 22, 1923 (360 meters)
58:Advertisement for AMRAD radio receivers (1922)
947:
745:"Failed to Apply for Radio Station License",
433:, June 1999, page 36. (worldradiohistory.com)
67:given in 1904. Power built his first simple
2522:Defunct radio stations in the United States
506:"Wilson Will Come to Pier in Navy Cutter",
120:
954:
940:
816:"The News Radiophone To Give Vote Results"
568:, November 7, 1920, Woman's Section page.
209:Longtime Boston radio and TV personality
664:Radio Manufacturers of the 1920s: Vol. 1
623:"New Stations: Commercial Land Stations"
166:
124:
53:
18:
2512:1925 disestablishments in Massachusetts
2446:List of radio stations in Massachusetts
800:"'Broadcasting' News by Radiotelephone"
790:, January 1917, page 650. (archive.org)
768:"Musical Concert by Wireless Telephone"
717:"Pioneer Station to Return to Air Soon"
607:"Tonight's Radio Programs: Station WGI"
475:"Tufts College Has First Radio Faculty"
470:
468:
2489:
732:"Crosleys to Enter Short Wave Field",
535:"Georgians to Visit Boston Tomorrow",
2532:Radio stations disestablished in 1927
935:
522:by Robert Northrop to Jack Rutledge,
491:"New Stations: Special Land Stations"
442:"Tufts Student to Serve on Corsair."
91:, which were only capable of sending
44:government rosters of active stations
2507:1919 establishments in Massachusetts
702:"AMRAD Company is Bought by Crosley"
675:"WGI Changes Call Letters to WARC",
465:
255:for a license to remain on the air.
2517:Defunct mass media in Massachusetts
2470:3. Under a "Shared Time" agreement.
688:"Tufts Acquires Radio Properties",
666:by Alan Douglas, 1988, pages 39-40.
611:Greenfield (Massachusetts) Recorder
13:
2502:Radio stations established in 1919
880:"The Spread of Radio Broadcasting"
401:, March–April 1922, pages 493-495.
258:
14:
2543:
2467:with extended nighttime coverage.
848:"1XE Claims Broadcasting Record"
411:"Tufts College Wireless Station"
395:"Radio Broadcasting to Millions"
49:
2497:Radio stations in Massachusetts
873:
857:
841:
825:
809:
793:
777:
761:
752:
739:
726:
710:
695:
682:
669:
657:
644:
635:"Came the Dawn of Broadcasting"
628:
616:
600:
591:"With Our Radiophone Listeners"
584:
571:
555:
542:
529:
513:
500:
2416:Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyard
650:"Review of Last Night Radio",
577:"Boston Police Use Wireless",
484:
449:
436:
420:
404:
388:
372:
356:
1:
1583:by frequency & subchannel
1534:TNT Radio Boston (Vietnamese)
822:, August 31, 1920, pages 1-2.
802:(letter from Lee de Forest),
734:Omaha (Nebraska) World Herald
552:, December 21, 1920, page 18.
350:
1527:Talking Information Center (
850:(letter from H. M. Taylor),
723:, February 27, 1926, page 2.
539:, November 21, 1920, page 9.
510:, February 21, 1919, page 6.
456:"Music Sent by the Wireless"
415:Popular Electricity Magazine
108:. On March 18, 1916, as the
7:
806:, April 23, 1921, page 936.
788:The Electrical Experimenter
736:, August 22, 1926, page 53.
417:, June 1913, pages 228-229.
340:The University of Wisconsin
330:Schenectady NY (founded by
10:
2548:
2426:Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester
1518:Radio Maria Estados Unidos
707:, January 9, 1926, page 2.
526:, August 3, 1930, page 10.
524:Brownsville (Texas) Herald
185:6 p. m.—Late news flashes.
2393:Lowell-Lawrence-Haverhill
2376:
2340:
2314:
1763:
1578:
1552:
1501:
1434:
1366:
1122:
978:
774:, July 23, 1912, page 19.
679:, March 18, 1925, page 7.
654:, July 16, 1924, page 21.
462:, March 27, 1916, page 8.
272:In San Jose, California,
2460:station with notability.
758:Chapple (1922) page 495.
749:, May 12, 1927, page 11.
692:, April 7, 1925, page 7.
385:, December 1922, page 5.
346:in Madison (circa 1916).
253:Federal Radio Commission
181:5 p. m.—Children's hour.
121:Experimental station 1XE
892:"The First Broadcaster"
884:Radio Broadcasting News
832:"The First Broadcaster"
641:, August 1930, page 44.
581:, May 21, 1921, page 1.
221:
211:Bob "Big Brother" Emery
2527:Medford, Massachusetts
2465:Clear-channel stations
2421:New Bedford-Fall River
962:Radio stations in the
495:Radio Service Bulletin
431:Popular Communications
191:
172:
162:
130:
89:spark-gap transmitters
59:
24:
1529:radio reading service
918:42.40847°N 71.11901°W
597:, July 1922, page 56.
446:, 1 June 1913, p. 11.
204:The Youth's Companion
175:
170:
128:
57:
22:
2412:Other nearby regions
2327:One Financial Center
866:by George H. Flint,
550:Boston Evening Globe
397:by John B. Chapple,
102:John Pierpont Morgan
2348:RadioBDC (internet)
923:42.40847; -71.11901
914: /
537:Boston Sunday Globe
2473:4. Transmits from
2381:Radio stations in
2322:John Hancock Tower
1555:NOAA Weather Radio
566:Boston Sunday Post
173:
149:Boston Sunday Post
131:
60:
25:
2484:
2483:
2315:Transmitter sites
1497:
1496:
972:metropolitan area
864:"Harold J. Power"
429:by Donna Halper,
399:National Magazine
381:(advertisement),
365:(advertisement),
136:George Washington
114:J. P. Morgan, Jr.
65:Guglielmo Marconi
2539:
2475:Worcester County
2332:Prudential Tower
1364:
1363:
956:
949:
942:
933:
932:
929:
928:
926:
925:
924:
919:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
895:
877:
871:
861:
855:
845:
839:
829:
823:
813:
807:
804:Electrical World
797:
791:
781:
775:
765:
759:
756:
750:
743:
737:
730:
724:
714:
708:
699:
693:
686:
680:
673:
667:
661:
655:
648:
642:
637:by Doty Hobart,
632:
626:
620:
614:
604:
598:
588:
582:
575:
569:
559:
553:
546:
540:
533:
527:
517:
511:
504:
498:
488:
482:
472:
463:
453:
447:
440:
434:
424:
418:
408:
402:
392:
386:
376:
370:
360:
332:General Electric
32:Medford Hillside
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2450:
2409:
2372:
2336:
2310:
1759:
1582:
1574:
1557:
1548:
1493:
1430:
1362:
1118:
974:
960:
922:
920:
916:
913:
908:
905:
903:
901:
900:
898:
878:
874:
862:
858:
846:
842:
830:
826:
814:
810:
798:
794:
782:
778:
772:San Diego Union
766:
762:
757:
753:
744:
740:
731:
727:
715:
711:
700:
696:
687:
683:
674:
670:
662:
658:
649:
645:
633:
629:
621:
617:
605:
601:
589:
585:
576:
572:
560:
556:
547:
543:
534:
530:
518:
514:
505:
501:
489:
485:
473:
466:
454:
450:
441:
437:
425:
421:
409:
405:
393:
389:
377:
373:
361:
357:
353:
274:Charles Herrold
261:
259:Priority status
224:
192:
188:
186:
184:
182:
180:
165:
123:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2385:
2383:Greater Boston
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2368:WZBR (1410 AM)
2365:
2363:WYAJ (97.7 FM)
2360:
2355:
2353:WDIS (1170 AM)
2350:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
985:
983:
976:
975:
959:
958:
951:
944:
936:
897:
896:
872:
856:
840:
824:
808:
792:
776:
760:
751:
738:
725:
709:
694:
681:
668:
656:
643:
627:
615:
599:
583:
570:
554:
541:
528:
512:
499:
483:
464:
448:
435:
419:
403:
387:
371:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
324:
313:
298:
291:
281:
260:
257:
223:
220:
174:
164:
161:
122:
119:
51:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2544:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:Digital radio
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1504:FM subcarrier
1500:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
984:
982:
977:
973:
969:
968:Massachusetts
965:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
937:
934:
930:
927:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
869:
865:
860:
853:
849:
844:
837:
833:
828:
821:
817:
812:
805:
801:
796:
789:
785:
780:
773:
769:
764:
755:
748:
747:Boston Herald
742:
735:
729:
722:
718:
713:
706:
703:
698:
691:
690:Boston Herald
685:
678:
677:Boston Herald
672:
665:
660:
653:
652:Boston Herald
647:
640:
636:
631:
624:
619:
612:
608:
603:
596:
592:
587:
580:
574:
567:
563:
558:
551:
545:
538:
532:
525:
521:
516:
509:
508:Boston Herald
503:
496:
492:
487:
480:
476:
471:
469:
461:
457:
452:
445:
444:Boston Herald
439:
432:
428:
423:
416:
412:
407:
400:
396:
391:
384:
383:Popular Radio
380:
379:"AMRAD Radio"
375:
368:
364:
359:
355:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
303:
302:Detroit News'
299:
296:
292:
289:
285:
284:Lee de Forest
282:
279:
275:
271:
270:
269:
265:
256:
254:
250:
249:Boston Herald
246:
241:
240:Powel Crosley
236:
233:
228:
219:
217:
212:
207:
205:
200:
198:
190:
179:
169:
160:
157:
156:amateur radio
152:
150:
145:
139:
137:
127:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
94:
90:
85:
81:
78:
77:Tufts College
74:
70:
66:
56:
50:Early history
47:
45:
39:
37:
36:Massachusetts
33:
29:
21:
2357:
1125:FM frequency
981:AM frequency
899:
887:
883:
875:
867:
859:
851:
843:
835:
827:
820:Detroit News
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
763:
754:
746:
741:
733:
728:
721:Radio Digest
720:
712:
705:Radio Digest
704:
697:
689:
684:
676:
671:
663:
659:
651:
646:
639:Radio Digest
638:
630:
618:
610:
602:
594:
586:
578:
573:
565:
557:
549:
544:
536:
531:
523:
515:
507:
502:
494:
486:
478:
460:Boston Globe
459:
451:
443:
438:
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
390:
382:
374:
366:
358:
320:
301:
266:
262:
248:
237:
229:
225:
208:
203:
201:
193:
177:
176:
153:
148:
144:Boston Globe
143:
140:
135:
132:
110:Philadelphia
109:
105:
86:
82:
72:
61:
40:
27:
26:
1436:Translators
921: /
888:Radio World
868:Radio World
852:Radio World
836:Radio World
579:Boston Post
479:Radio World
321:Radio World
97:vacuum tube
2491:Categories
2431:Providence
909:71°07′08″W
906:42°24′30″N
351:References
93:Morse code
2436:Worcester
2403:Worcester
1766:call sign
1558:frequency
890:article (
2442:See also
2358:WGI/WARC
342:station
2458:Part 15
2341:Defunct
2301:WZMW-LP
2296:WZMR-LP
2247:WXKS-FM
2190:WUMB-FM
2175:WSHL-FM
2170:WROR-FM
2140:WPLM-FM
2115:WMLN-FM
2085:WLAS-LP
2058:WKLB-FM
1989:WFPR-LP
1962:WEEI-FM
1947:WCDV-LP
1913:WBUR-FM
1898:WBPG-LP
1876:WBNU-LP
1854:WBCA-LP
1834:WATD-FM
1824:WAEM-LP
1755:107.9-2
1750:107.9-1
1745:107.3-3
1740:107.3-2
1735:107.3-1
1730:106.7-1
1725:105.7-1
1720:104.1-2
1715:104.1-1
1710:103.3-2
1705:103.3-1
1700:102.5-1
1695:101.7-2
1690:101.7-1
1685:100.7-3
1680:100.7-2
1675:100.7-1
1570:162.475
1565:162.425
1522:Spanish
1424:WLAS-LP
1419:WFPR-LP
1414:WBPG-LP
1409:WBNU-LP
1404:WBCA-LP
1394:WZMW-LP
1389:WZMR-LP
1384:WAEM-LP
1196:WMLN-FM
363:"AMRAD"
317:KDKA-AM
278:KCBS-AM
106:Corsair
69:coherer
2398:Nashua
2388:Boston
2125:WNG574
1935:WBZ-FM
1819:W291CZ
1814:W287CW
1809:W279BQ
1804:W271CU
1799:W271CG
1794:W268AM
1789:W267CE
1784:W266DA
1779:W243DC
1670:99.5-1
1665:98.5-2
1660:98.5-1
1655:97.7-1
1650:96.9-1
1645:94.5-2
1640:94.5-1
1635:93.7-1
1630:92.9-2
1625:92.9-1
1620:90.9-1
1615:89.7-3
1610:89.7-2
1605:89.7-1
1600:88.9-2
1595:88.9-1
1472:W271CU
1467:W271CG
1463:102.1
1400:102.9
964:Boston
344:WHA-AM
334:) and
328:WGY-AM
310:WWJ-AM
2453:Notes
1774:KHB35
1489:106.1
1484:105.3
1479:103.7
1459:101.5
1454:101.3
1449:101.1
1380:94.9
1358:107.9
1353:107.3
1348:106.7
1343:105.7
1338:104.9
1333:104.5
1328:104.1
1323:103.3
1318:102.5
1313:101.7
1308:100.7
1303:100.1
1212:91.7
1187:91.5
2306:WZRM
2291:WZLY
2274:WZLX
2269:WZBC
2264:WXRV
2259:WXLO
2242:WXKS
2237:WWRN
2232:WWDJ
2220:WWBX
2215:WVBF
2210:WUNR
2205:WUMZ
2200:WUMT
2195:WUMG
2185:WTBU
2180:WSRO
2165:WROL
2160:WRKO
2155:WRCA
2150:WRBB
2145:WQOM
2135:WPLM
2130:WNTN
2120:WMWM
2110:WMJX
2105:WMFO
2100:WMEX
2095:WMBR
2090:WLYN
2068:WKVB
2063:WKOX
2046:WJMN
2041:WJIB
2036:WJDA
2031:WILD
2026:WHRB
2021:WHHB
2016:WHAB
1999:WGBH
1994:WGAO
1984:WEZE
1979:WESX
1967:WERS
1957:WEEI
1952:WCRB
1918:WBWL
1908:WBRS
1903:WBQT
1886:WBOS
1881:WBNW
1871:WBMS
1859:WBGB
1849:WBIX
1844:WAZN
1839:WAVM
1829:WAMG
1502:Via
1444:96.5
1376:89.3
1368:LPFM
1298:99.9
1293:99.5
1288:99.1
1283:98.5
1278:97.7
1273:96.9
1268:95.9
1263:95.3
1258:94.5
1253:93.7
1248:92.9
1243:92.5
1238:91.9
1231:WUMG
1226:WUMT
1221:WMWM
1216:WAVM
1206:WZLY
1201:WUMZ
1191:WMFO
1183:91.3
1178:90.9
1173:90.3
1168:89.7
1163:89.3
1158:89.3
1153:89.1
1148:88.9
1143:88.5
1138:88.3
1133:88.1
1114:1600
1109:1550
1104:1530
1099:1510
1094:1470
1089:1460
1084:1430
1079:1390
1074:1360
1069:1330
1064:1300
1059:1260
1054:1230
1049:1200
1044:1150
1039:1120
1034:1090
1029:1060
1024:1030
336:KGFX
300:The
222:WARC
216:WEEI
73:Yale
2463:2.
2456:1.
2284:HD3
2279:HD2
2252:HD2
2225:HD2
2078:HD3
2073:HD2
2051:HD2
2009:HD3
2004:HD2
1972:HD2
1940:HD2
1930:WBZ
1923:HD2
1891:HD2
1864:HD2
1764:By
1590:650
1553:By
1541:kHz
1539:92
1513:kHz
1511:67
1123:By
1019:950
1014:890
1009:850
1004:740
999:680
994:640
989:590
979:By
882:,
595:QST
306:8MK
295:6XC
288:2XG
245:WLW
232:WGY
197:WBZ
163:WGI
28:WGI
2493::
970:,
966:,
834:,
818:,
786:,
770:,
719:,
609:,
593:,
564:,
493:,
477:,
467:^
458:,
413:,
34:,
2477:.
1531:)
1524:)
1520:(
955:e
948:t
941:v
312:.
280:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)