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corporation that paid the French State for the right to collect (and keep) certain taxes. Lavoisier was a shareholder and
Administrator of the Ferme générale and determined that the cost of building, staffing, and maintaining the wall would be compensated by better revenue collection. The wall's
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The Wall was five meters high and 24 km long, following the then-boundaries of the city of Paris. No buildings could be erected within 98 meters of its exterior or within 11 meters of its interior. The outside of the wall was flanked by boulevards. Along the inside, surveillance by customs
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In the early years of the French
Revolution, with the Wall scarcely finished, tax farming and the toll on goods were abolished. But in 1798 French municipalities were granted the octroi, which soon became their primary source of revenue. The city of Paris consequently took responsibility for
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tax-collection function made it very unpopular: a play on words of the time went "Le mur murant Paris rend Paris murmurant" ("The wall walling Paris keeps Paris murmuring") There was also an epigram:
476:'s auspices the Wall of the Ferme générale was quickly demolished and a series of boulevards constructed over its path. Municipal customs duties were collected until the 1940s.
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Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues de Paris et de ses monuments ("Dictionary of the administration and history of the streets of Paris and its monuments"), 1844–1849
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Unlike earlier walls, the
Farmers-General Wall was not intended to defend Paris from invaders but to enforce the payment of a toll on goods entering Paris ("
733:"L'Octroi de Paris (1798–1943): Bilan historiographique et perspectives de recherche" Article extrait de la revue Recherches contemporaines, n° 6, 2000–2001
460:, in 1787 worried about the very high cost of the construction and considered stopping the work, but never actually did so because it was so far advanced.
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maintaining the Wall and staffing its revenue officials. When in 1860 the suburban communes were annexed to Paris, the customs boundary moved out to the
456:, who witnessed the construction, dubbed the buildings "dens of the Tax Department metamorphosed into palaces with columns." The Finance Minister.
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Sur les traces des enceintes de Paris. Promenades au long des murs disparus ("Along the walls of Paris. Walking along the lost walls")
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and the mid 19th century. Built between 1784 and 1791, the 24 km wall crossed the districts of the
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La curieuse aventure des boulevards extérieurs ("The curious adventure of the outer boulevards")
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378:. The wall was demolished in the early 1860s, although elements of some of its gates remain.
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Dictionnaire historique des rues de Paris ("Historical dictionary of the streets of Paris"
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in a neo-classical or even classical style. The
Parisian writer (and tax critic)
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770:(in French). Paris: Éditions Parigramme / Compagnie parisienne du livre.
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512:. The wall itself was replaced by the route of the following streets:
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La Ferme a jugé nécessaire (The Ferme générale judges it necessary)
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718:"L'octroi: La fin tardive d'un impôt honni," Les Echos, 1 fév 2009
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Some portions of the wall still exist, such as the rotunda of the
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Et raccourcir notre horizon (And to shorten our horizon),
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officials was facilitated by a raised protected walkway (
390:"). It was commissioned by the nobleman and scientist
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De mettre Paris en prison (To put Paris in prison).
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Pour augmenter son numéraire (To increase its cash)
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
432:), except between the barrière d'Italie (now the
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806:Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution
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366:, roughly following the route now traced by
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
703:L'Octroi de Paris: histoire et legislation
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766:Gagneux, Renaud; Prouvost, Denis (2004).
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241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
468:, with duties collected at its numerous
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186:This article includes a list of general
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789:(in French). Les Éditions de Minuit.
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828:(in French). Éditions Albin-Michel.
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809:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
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448:designed its 62 toll gates (
110:"Wall of the Ferme générale"
18:Wall of the General Tax Farm
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824:Valmy-Baysse, Jean (1950).
785:Hillairet, Jacques (1985).
731:Claustre, Pierre-Francois.
681:"Mur des Fermiers Généraux"
10:
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794:Lazare, Félix and Louis.
701:Feugère, Édouard (1904).
685:Encyclopædia Universalis
628:Boulevard de Ménilmontant
612:Boulevard de Rochechouart
604:Boulevard des Batignolles
620:Boulevard de la Villette
616:Boulevard de la Chapelle
526:Boulevard Vincent-Auriol
326:built between the early
877:Fortifications of Paris
624:Boulevard de Belleville
600:Boulevard de Courcelles
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534:Boulevard Saint-Jacques
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454:Louis-Sébastien Mercier
442:Place Denfert-Rochereau
322:was one of the several
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803:Schama, Simon (1989).
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716:Marseille, Jacques.
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95:improve this article
636:Boulevard de Picpus
553:Boulevard Garibaldi
490:Place de Stalingrad
444:). Architect
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266:Place de Stalingrad
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404:tax farming
376:Paris Métro
336:Batignolles
328:Middle Ages
205:introducing
861:Categories
651:References
450:barrières)
436:) and the
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188:references
121:newspapers
50:improve it
474:Haussmann
440:(now the
364:Trocadéro
308:near the
56:talk page
667:Citizens
362:and the
562:On the
520:of the
516:On the
500:), the
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382:History
374:of the
340:Pigalle
201:improve
135:scholar
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608:Clichy
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372:line 6
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