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336:) spends a large part of its day wallowing. When mud holes are unavailable, the rhino will deepen puddles with its feet and horns. One 20-month study of wallowing behaviour found they will visit no more than three wallows at any given time. After two to 12 weeks using a particular wallow, the rhino will abandon it. Typically, the rhino will wallow around midday for two to three hours at a time before foraging for food. Although in zoos the Sumatran rhino has been observed wallowing less than 45 minutes a day, the study of wild animals found 80–300 minutes per day spent in wallows. Captive individuals deprived of adequate wallowing have quickly developed broken and inflamed skins,
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after wallowing, the wet mud provides a cooling, and probably protecting, layer on the body. When pigs enter a wallow, they normally dig and root in the mud before entering with the fore-body first. They then wriggle the body back and forth, and rub their faces in the mud so all of the body surface is covered. Before they leave the wallow, they often shake their heads and body, often finishing with rubbing against a tree or a stone next to the wallow. When indoors and hot, domestic pigs often attempt to wallow on wet floor surfaces and in the dunging areas.
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Although temperature regulation seems to be the main motivation for wallowing in pigs, they will still wallow in colder weather. While many have suggested that pigs wallow in mud because of a lack of sweat glands, pigs and other wallowing animals may have not evolved functional sweat glands because
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Pigs lack functional sweat glands and are almost incapable of panting. To thermoregulate, they rely on wallowing in water or mud to cool the body. Adult pigs under natural or free-range conditions can often be seen to wallow when air temperature exceeds 20 °C. Mud is the preferred substrate;
640:
65:. Wallowing is often combined with other behaviours to fulfil its purpose; for example, elephants will often blow dirt over themselves after wallowing to create a thicker "coating", or pigs will allow the mud to dry before rubbing themselves on a tree or rock to remove
379:), for example, do not wallow. Even within the red deer species, there is variation between sub-species and breeds in wallowing behaviour. For example, although wapiti do wallow, they and crossbreds are less inclined to wallow than European red deer.
362:
Many deer perform wallowing, creating wallow sites in wet depressions in the ground, eventually forming quite large sites (2–3 m across and up to 1 m deep). However, it has been claimed that only some species of deer wallow;
100:
473:
Pal, B.C. and
Bhattacharyya, A., (1986). Wallowing behavior and wallows used by great Indian one-horned Rhinoceros at Garumara and Jaldapara wildlife sanctuaries, West Bengal, India. Proc. Zoologic. Soc., Calcutta, 35:
316:. It has been argued that wallowing behaviour and the desire to be in shallow, murky water could have been a step to the evolution of whales and other marine mammals from land-dwelling mammals.
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Many functions of wallowing have been proposed although not all have been tested by rigorous scientific investigation. Proposed functions include:
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274:– Some animals urinate in a wallow before entering and rolling in it, presumably as a form of scent-marking behaviour
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Rhythm of daily activity and behavior of
European bison in the Bialowieze Forest in the period without snow cover
680:
936:
Ng, J., S.C.; Zainal-Zahari, Z.; Nordin, A. (2001). "Wallows and wallow utilization of the
Sumatran rhinoceros (
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Wallowing behavior of
American bison (Bos bison) in Tallgrass Prairie: An examination of alternate explanations
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Vestergaard, K.S. and Bjerg, B., (1996). Wallowing behavior in fattening pigs, In: I.J.H. Duncan,
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Review of wallowing in pigs: Description of the behaviour and its motivational basis
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655:"Warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) - Long-legged, fast and not at all defenceless"
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436:
185:
692:
Cabon-Racyznska, R.M., Krasinska, Z.A., Krasinska, J.M. and Wojcik, J.M. (1987).
603:
581:(1982). Adaptive behavioral strategies, In: J.W. Thomas and D.E. Toweill, (Eds).
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940:) in a natural enclosure in Sungai Dusun Wildlife Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia".
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Behavior of the endangered tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis Heude) in captivity
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Zhi-Tao, L., Jan-Hua, D., Yan-Ling, S., Zhi-Gao, Z. and Qiong, Z. (2007).
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62:
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Tick defense strategies in bison: the role of grooming and hair coat
340:, eye problems, inflamed nails, hair loss and have eventually died.
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602:. Current Zoology (formerly Acta Zoologica Sinica), 53(3): 417-424
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Proc. Thirtieth
International Cong. International Soc. Appl. Ethol.
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57:. Some definitions include rolling about in dust, however, in
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Social behavior of the
American buffalo (Bison bison bison)
681:
Quantitative analysis of wallowing in a confined bison herd
54:
883:"My No-Soap, No-Shampoo, Bacteria-Rich Hygiene Experiment"
830:
Deer of the World: Their
Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology
108:
White rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) wallowing in mud.
160:
46:
718:
McMillan, B.R., Cottam, M.R. and
Kaufman, D.W. (2000).
585:
Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. pp. 219-278
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wallowing was a part of their behavioural repertoire.
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male during the rut and its function in reproduction
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History, range, and home life of the northern bison
567:Behavior of elk (Cervus canadensis) during the rut
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308:Pigs are genetically related to animals such as
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549:. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 132: 1-13
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45:during which an animal rolls about or lies in
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985:BBC Nature - Elephants videos, news and facts
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722:. The American Midland Naturalist, 144:X
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350:Self-anointing in animals § Ungulates
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256:(preventing dehydration) – hippopotamus (
705:Momongan, V.G. and Walde, G.I., (1993).
639:Mooring, M.S. and Samuel, W.M., (1998).
596:Wallowing behavior of Hainan Eld’s deer
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493:"Common Warthog Phacochoerus africanus"
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802:"Hippopotamus-Hippopotamus amphibius"
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157:Male-male conflict social behaviour
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915:"The ethology of domestic animals"
371:) particularly like to wallow but
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744:. Ecology Monographs, 11: 347-412
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987:- Video of elephants wallowing
761:. BBC Wildlife. Archived from
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942:Journal of Wildlife and Parks
569:. Z. Tierpsychol., 24: 80-114
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328:Sumatran rhinoceros wallowing
27:Bathing in mud, water or snow
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756:"Face to face with big nose"
696:. Acta Theriol., 32: 335-372
683:. Acta Theriol., 30: 149-156
72:
7:
959:Deer Industry New Zealand.
881:Scott, Julia (2014-05-22).
804:. About.com. Archived from
709:. Asia Life Sci. 2: 241-250
491:Maryland Zoo in Baltimore.
382:
153:– pigs, warthogs, elephants
10:
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226:Relief from biting insects
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1128:Evolutionary neuroscience
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856:"Elk (Cervus Canadensis)"
643:. Behaviour, 135: 693-718
1081:Behavioral endocrinology
938:Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis
334:Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis
218:, elephant seals (genus
141:Phacochoerus aethiopicus
1276:Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
1056:Animal sexual behaviour
827:Valerius Geist (1998).
679:Reinhardt, V., (1985).
565:Struhsaker, T. (1967).
343:
296:Domestic pigs wallowing
1215:Tool use by non-humans
1168:Philosophical ethology
1113:Comparative psychology
1061:Animal welfare science
786:McHugh, T.S., (1958).
617:. 2012. Archived from
460:and D.B. Haley (Eds).
359:
329:
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258:Hippopotamus amphibius
109:
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740:Soper, J.D., (1941).
583:Elk of North America.
413:The Free Dictionary.
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348:Further information:
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248:Play in young animals
244:), warthog, elephants
151:Providing a sunscreen
147:(family Elephantidae)
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1321:William Homan Thorpe
1086:Behavioural genetics
1046:Animal consciousness
1041:Animal communication
790:. Zoologica, 4: 1-40
598:Cervus eldi hainanus
332:The Sumatran rhino (
133:Rhinoceros unicornis
18:Wallowing in animals
1076:Behavioural ecology
833:. Stackpole Books.
768:on January 12, 2012
754:Morris, D. (2005).
545:Bracke, M. (2011).
320:Sumatran rhinoceros
236:), American bison,
234:Bubalus mindorensis
192:), American bison (
190:Ceratotherium simum
34:A buffalo wallowing
1405:Behavioral Ecology
1326:Nikolaas Tinbergen
1118:Emotion in animals
1096:Cognitive ethology
887:The New York Times
728:2016-02-25 at the
615:"White rhinoceros"
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69:stuck in the mud.
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1331:Jakob von Uexküll
1101:Comfort behaviour
840:978-0-8117-0496-0
808:on April 15, 2013
389:Personal grooming
129:Indian rhinoceros
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43:comfort behaviour
16:(Redirected from
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1391:Animal Cognition
1384:Animal Behaviour
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63:dust bathing
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1281:Dian Fossey
1246:Marc Bekoff
1234:Ethologists
961:"Wallowing"
522:. About.Com
520:"Elephants"
437:"Wallowing"
415:"Wallowing"
373:fallow deer
194:Bison bison
179:Removal of
1183:Structures
1178:Stereotypy
900:2020-08-18
400:References
264:Camouflage
196:), warthog
125:Sus scrofa
1412:Behaviour
1355:Societies
1193:Honeycomb
966:April 15,
921:April 15,
895:0362-4331
866:April 15,
854:Keck, S.
812:April 16,
772:April 15,
665:April 15,
625:April 15,
579:Geist, V.
526:April 16,
498:April 16,
442:April 15,
420:April 15,
377:Dama dama
283:– Horses
281:selection
266:– warthog
145:elephants
127:), great
73:Functions
39:Wallowing
1452:Ethology
1446:Category
1431:Category
1376:Journals
1203:Instinct
1153:Learning
1148:Instinct
1123:Ethogram
1106:Grooming
1029:Branches
1022:Ethology
726:Archived
383:See also
365:red deer
220:Mirounga
211:moulting
137:warthogs
59:ethology
1133:Feeding
948:: 7–12.
230:tamaraw
175:), deer
90:Senegal
917:. 2001
893:
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314:whales
238:tapirs
1210:Swarm
1138:Hover
1091:Breed
766:(PDF)
759:(PDF)
474:79-83
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1198:Nest
1188:Hive
968:2013
923:2013
891:ISSN
868:2013
835:ISBN
814:2013
774:2013
667:2013
627:2013
528:2013
500:2013
444:2013
422:2013
344:Deer
312:and
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551:doi
167:),
161:elk
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