1025:
1118:
41:
1017:
956:
The looting of Rome, and the consequent removal of
Clement from any real role in the war, prompted frantic action on the part of the French. On 30 April 1527, Henry VIII and Francis signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging to combine their forces against Charles. Francis, having finally drawn Henry
989:
Doria, however, soon deserted the French for
Charles. The siege collapsed as plague broke out in the French camp, killing most of the army along with Foix and Navarro. Andrea Doria's offensive in Genoa (where he soon broke the blockade of the city and forced the surrender of the French at
863:, was released from his captivity in Madrid and returned to France, where he quickly announced his intention to assist Clement. Thus, on 22 May 1526, the League of Cognac was signed by Francis, Clement, Venice, Florence, and the
891:
family organized an attack on Rome to exploit the Papacy's moment of weakness, defeating the Papal forces and briefly seizing control of the city in
September 1526. They were soon paid off and left the city
402:
1099:. Finally, Francesco was permitted to return to Milan—Charles having abandoned his earlier plan to place Alessandro de' Medici on the throne, in part due to Venetian objections—for the sum of 900,000
1024:
1072:
itself and the various points dealing with
Charles de Bourbon, who, having been killed two years prior, was no longer a candidate for leading an independent Kingdom of Provence. The final
373:
437:
407:
412:
611:
366:
432:
397:
467:
505:
447:
1615:
1550:
427:
359:
279:
1620:
1565:
1052:
to Italy shortly before. The final terms largely mirrored those of the Treaty of Madrid three years earlier; Francis surrendered his rights to
1560:
1535:
604:
1570:
1600:
1575:
1083:
to meet with the Pope. Clement absolved the participants of the sack of Rome and promised to crown
Charles. In return, he received
745:
597:
930:, now in command of the Papal armies, proved unable to resist them; and when the Duke of Bourbon was killed, the underpaid armies
1605:
1032:
Following the defeat of his armies, Francis sought peace with
Charles. The negotiations began in July 1529 in the border city of
1625:
1610:
498:
1505:
1160:, and from then on Florence became a hereditary realm of the powerful Medici dynasty, ending centuries of republican rule.
995:
767:
305:
578:
698:
1489:
1464:
1446:
1427:
1412:
1390:
1372:
1336:
1321:
1112:
491:
462:
678:
310:
1545:
1148:
in 1530, and, although the Prince of Orange himself was killed, the
Imperial army won a decisive victory and the
1076:, signed on 3 August, removed France from the war, leaving Venice, Florence, and the Pope alone against Charles.
1041:
962:
101:
45:
1555:
323:
1540:
887:, but Imperial troops marched into Lombardy and soon forced Sforza to abandon Milan. Meanwhile, the powerful
848:
788:
740:
693:
641:
532:
919:
671:
666:
661:
651:
646:
636:
567:
562:
557:
547:
537:
527:
248:
939:
28:
1525:
708:
1091:; cities which the Republic of Venice was forced to surrender—along with her remaining possessions in
1580:
1520:
1342:
1153:
1121:
452:
1590:
1585:
860:
683:
1354:
1595:
1378:
978:
951:
927:
442:
1137:
1068:
before his sons were to be released. Removed, however, were both the humiliating surrender of
266:
1530:
935:
872:
341:
1515:
1510:
1149:
1133:
820:
422:
204:
8:
1452:
1141:
1096:
999:
931:
901:
856:
836:
750:
730:
457:
417:
328:
300:
94:
1314:
The Black Bands of
Giovanni: Infantry and Diplomacy During the Italian Wars (1526–1528).
1145:
844:
812:
808:
735:
472:
243:
220:
209:
199:
1485:
1460:
1442:
1438:
1423:
1408:
1386:
1368:
1350:
1332:
1317:
1073:
1069:
1011:
852:
832:
800:
792:
720:
214:
179:
174:
146:
131:
87:
1367:
Translated by Isola van den Hoven-Vardon. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2002.
1157:
915:
804:
725:
332:
314:
289:
284:
270:
261:
252:
141:
105:
1095:—to Charles in exchange for being permitted to retain the holdings she had won at
875:, thwarted in his requests to have the treaty signed in England, refused to join.
1037:
703:
688:
152:
884:
816:
796:
755:
225:
136:
1405:
Weapons and
Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics.
351:
1499:
1385:
Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
1360:
542:
1470:
970:
958:
760:
631:
515:
184:
158:
32:
907:
840:
191:
713:
1117:
973:
had quickly joined the French and seized much of the Genoese fleet—to
589:
1136:
alone continued to resist the Imperial forces, which were led by the
1049:
994:), together with the decisive defeat of a French relief force under
40:
1125:
1057:
1016:
923:
784:
1084:
1080:
1061:
1033:
888:
1092:
1088:
1053:
991:
974:
911:
864:
483:
1065:
1044:
for her nephew the Emperor (leading to its being known as the
1100:
966:
868:
871:, who desired to throw off the Imperial hegemony over them.
1048:, Peace of the Ladies), Charles himself having sailed from
1036:; they were conducted primarily between Francis's mother
1400:
Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1937.
1064:, and was obliged to pay a ransom of two million golden
1002:, ended Francis's hopes of regaining his hold on Italy.
977:, where it proceeded to dig itself in for an extended
1475:
A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century.
799:—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including the
48:, 1530, fought during the War of the League of Cognac
938:. His escape was made possible by the Swiss Guards'
1316:Pisa: Pisa University Press, Edizioni Plus, 2005.
1106:
1005:
1407:Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
1497:
906:Charles V now gathered a force of 14,000 German
1079:Charles, having arrived in Genoa, proceeded to
381:
1347:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History
934:the city, forcing the Pope to take refuge at
605:
499:
367:
16:Seventh phase of the Italian Wars (1526-1530)
1422:New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1993.
1435:Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars.
1156:was then installed as Duke of Florence by
612:
598:
506:
492:
374:
360:
1144:engaged the armies of the Emperor at the
957:VIII into the League, sent an army under
847:, began to organize an alliance to drive
1616:16th century in the Republic of Florence
1116:
1023:
1015:
1551:Wars involving the Republic of Florence
1484:3 vols. New York: Facts on File, 2005.
619:
1621:16th century in the Republic of Venice
1498:
883:The League quickly seized the town of
1566:Wars involving the Republic of Venice
1040:for the French and her sister-in-law
593:
487:
355:
1561:Wars involving the Republic of Genoa
1536:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
1480:Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod.
1331:New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
996:Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol
13:
1420:Florence: The Biography of a City.
1128:by the victorious Imperial troops.
945:
100:Transformation of Florence into a
14:
1637:
1571:Wars involving the Duchy of Milan
984:
783:(1526–30) was fought between the
1601:16th century in the Papal States
1477:London: Methuen & Co., 1937.
1349:18, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 34–43.
878:
513:
39:
1576:Wars involving the Papal States
1459:New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
1290:
1107:Fall of the Florentine Republic
1006:Barcelona, Cambrai, and Bologna
963:Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto
895:
1606:1520s in the Holy Roman Empire
1277:
1264:
1247:
1234:
1221:
1208:
1195:
1182:
1169:
910:mercenaries and 6,000 Spanish
1:
1626:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1611:1530 in the Holy Roman Empire
1365:Emperor Charles V, 1500–1558.
1306:
1113:Siege of Florence (1529–1530)
831:Shocked by the defeat of the
1345:. "Dynasty Forged by Fire."
1152:surrendered ten days later.
7:
1506:War of the League of Cognac
781:War of the League of Cognac
385:War of the League of Cognac
280:Henry of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
22:War of the League of Cognac
10:
1642:
1140:. A Florentine army under
1124:was installed as ruler of
1110:
1009:
949:
899:
826:
1327:Baumgartner, Frederic J.
922:; the forces combined at
627:
576:
523:
393:
234:
118:
52:
38:
26:
21:
1163:
1379:Guicciardini, Francesco
29:French–Habsburg rivalry
1546:Wars involving England
1418:Hibbert, Christopher.
1129:
1029:
1021:
952:Siege of Naples (1527)
928:Francesco Guicciardini
926:and advanced on Rome.
235:Commanders and leaders
1556:Wars involving France
1482:Encyclopedia of Wars.
1383:The History of Italy.
1154:Alessandro de' Medici
1122:Alessandro de' Medici
1120:
1111:Further information:
1027:
1019:
950:Further information:
900:Further information:
873:Henry VIII of England
1541:Wars involving Spain
1457:A History of Venice.
1453:Norwich, John Julius
1312:Arfaioli, Maurizio.
1150:Republic of Florence
1134:Republic of Florence
859:, having signed the
843:, together with the
821:Republic of Florence
580:Full list of battles
205:Republic of Florence
1142:Francesco Ferruccio
1042:Margaret of Austria
1000:Battle of Landriano
902:Sack of Rome (1527)
837:Italian War of 1521
621:Franco-Spanish wars
329:Francesco Ferruccio
301:Francis I of France
267:Philibert of Châlon
102:hereditary monarchy
95:Florentine Republic
1398:Francis the First.
1396:Hackett, Francis.
1146:Battle of Gavinana
1130:
1030:
1022:
936:Castel Sant'Angelo
920:Charles of Bourbon
845:Republic of Venice
813:Kingdom of England
809:Republic of Venice
342:Malatesta Baglioni
311:Vicomte de Lautrec
249:Charles de Bourbon
221:Kingdom of Navarre
210:Kingdom of England
200:Republic of Venice
1526:Conflicts in 1530
1439:Osprey Publishing
1298:Emperor Charles V
1285:History of Venice
1272:Emperor Charles V
1259:Francis the First
1255:Emperor Charles V
1242:Emperor Charles V
1229:Emperor Charles V
1190:Emperor Charles V
1074:Treaty of Cambrai
1012:Treaty of Cambrai
853:Italian Peninsula
833:Kingdom of France
801:Kingdom of France
793:Holy Roman Empire
776:
775:
587:
586:
538:League of Cambrai
481:
480:
350:
349:
324:Francesco Maria I
215:Republic of Genoa
180:Swiss mercenaries
175:Kingdom of France
147:Republic of Genoa
132:Holy Roman Empire
114:
113:
88:Treaty of Cambrai
46:Siege of Florence
1633:
1433:Konstam, Angus.
1301:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1219:
1216:History of Italy
1212:
1206:
1203:History of Italy
1199:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1177:History of Italy
1173:
1158:Pope Clement VII
1138:Prince of Orange
1020:Pope Clement VII
916:Georg Frundsberg
914:soldiers led by
861:Treaty of Madrid
805:Pope Clement VII
622:
614:
607:
600:
591:
590:
553:League of Cognac
518:
508:
501:
494:
485:
484:
388:
386:
376:
369:
362:
353:
352:
337:
319:
306:Comte de St. Pol
290:Ferrante Gonzaga
285:Georg Frundsberg
275:
262:Antonio de Leyva
257:
168:League of Cognac
142:Duchy of Ferrara
106:Pope Clement VII
81:Habsburg victory
54:
53:
43:
19:
18:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1581:1520s in France
1521:1520s conflicts
1496:
1495:
1309:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1257:, 68; Hackett,
1252:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1115:
1109:
1038:Louise of Savoy
1028:Louise of Savoy
1014:
1008:
987:
954:
948:
946:Siege of Naples
904:
898:
881:
829:
791:—primarily the
777:
772:
623:
620:
618:
588:
583:
572:
519:
514:
512:
482:
477:
403:Sienese Maremma
389:
384:
382:
380:
346:
333:
315:
294:
271:
253:
230:
196:
164:
153:Duchy of Mantua
84:
70:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:1520s in Italy
1588:
1586:1530 in France
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1494:
1493:
1478:
1468:
1450:
1431:
1416:
1401:
1394:
1376:
1361:Blockmans, Wim
1358:
1340:
1325:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1246:
1233:
1220:
1214:Guicciardini,
1207:
1201:Guicciardini,
1194:
1181:
1175:Guicciardini,
1167:
1165:
1162:
1108:
1105:
1046:Paix des Dames
1007:
1004:
986:
985:Siege of Genoa
983:
947:
944:
897:
894:
880:
877:
828:
825:
817:Duchy of Milan
774:
773:
771:
770:
765:
764:
763:
758:
753:
746:Coalition Wars
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
717:
716:
711:
706:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
628:
625:
624:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
585:
584:
577:
574:
573:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
524:
521:
520:
511:
510:
503:
496:
488:
479:
478:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
394:
391:
390:
379:
378:
371:
364:
356:
348:
347:
345:
344:
339:
326:
321:
308:
303:
297:
295:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
264:
259:
246:
240:
237:
236:
232:
231:
229:
228:
226:Duchy of Milan
223:
218:
212:
207:
202:
197:
195:
194:
188:
182:
177:
171:
165:
163:
162:
156:
150:
144:
139:
134:
128:
121:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
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109:
98:
91:
83:
82:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1638:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:1530 in Italy
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1490:0-8160-2851-6
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:Oman, Charles
1469:
1466:
1465:0-679-72197-5
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:1-85532-504-7
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:0-393-03563-8
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:0-8018-5531-4
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1391:0-691-00800-0
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:0-340-73110-9
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:Black, Jeremy
1341:
1338:
1337:0-312-12072-9
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:88-8492-231-3
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
903:
893:
890:
886:
879:Initial moves
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:dominions of
786:
782:
769:
766:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
633:
630:
629:
626:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
595:
592:
582:
581:
575:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
517:
509:
504:
502:
497:
495:
490:
489:
486:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
392:
387:
377:
372:
370:
365:
363:
358:
357:
354:
343:
340:
338:
336:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
318:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
296:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
274:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
256:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
239:
238:
233:
227:
224:
222:
219:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
122:
117:
107:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
85:
80:
79:
77:
74:
73:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1531:Italian Wars
1481:
1474:
1456:
1434:
1419:
1404:
1403:Hall, Bert.
1397:
1382:
1364:
1346:
1328:
1313:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1171:
1131:
1078:
1045:
1031:
988:
971:Andrea Doria
959:Odet de Foix
955:
905:
896:Sack of Rome
882:
830:
780:
778:
656:
632:Italian Wars
579:
552:
516:Italian Wars
383:
334:
316:
272:
254:
192:Swiss Guards
185:Papal States
167:
159:Papal States
125:Pro-Habsburg
124:
119:Belligerents
33:Italian Wars
27:Part of the
1516:1529 in law
1511:1527 in law
1296:Blockmans,
1270:Blockmans,
1253:Blockmans,
1240:Blockmans,
1227:Blockmans,
1188:Blockmans,
908:landsknecht
841:Clement VII
453:Capo d'Orso
438:South Italy
413:North Italy
217:(1526–1528)
187:(1526–1529)
155:(1528–1530)
149:(1528–1530)
93:End of the
1500:Categories
1329:Louis XII.
1307:References
1287:, 443–444.
1205:, 372–375.
1010:See also:
940:last stand
819:, and the
1355:1040-5992
1283:Norwich,
1097:Marignano
1050:Barcelona
857:Francis I
851:from the
849:Charles V
789:Charles V
756:1808–1814
751:1793–1795
741:1718–1720
736:1688–1697
731:1683–1684
726:1673–1678
721:1667–1668
714:1648–1653
709:1641–1659
704:1640–1659
699:1635–1659
694:1628–1631
684:1595–1598
679:1580–1583
672:1551–1559
667:1542–1544
662:1536–1538
657:1526–1529
652:1521–1526
647:1512–1516
642:1502–1504
637:1495–1498
568:1551–1559
563:1542–1546
558:1536–1538
548:1521–1526
533:1499–1504
528:1494–1498
458:Landriano
433:Catanzaro
408:Governolo
244:Charles V
60:1526–1530
1441:, 1996.
1437:Oxford:
1126:Florence
1070:Burgundy
1058:Flanders
965:through
924:Piacenza
785:Habsburg
473:Gavinana
468:Monopoli
463:Florence
398:Camollia
65:Location
1085:Ravenna
1081:Bologna
1062:Tournai
1034:Cambrai
998:at the
969:—where
889:Colonna
839:, Pope
835:in the
827:Prelude
335:†
317:†
273:†
255:†
1488:
1463:
1445:
1426:
1411:
1389:
1371:
1353:
1335:
1320:
1261:, 356.
1218:, 376.
1179:, 369.
1093:Apulia
1089:Cervia
1060:, and
1054:Artois
992:Savona
975:Naples
932:sacked
912:tercio
865:Sforza
815:, the
811:, the
807:, the
543:Urbino
448:Aversa
443:Naples
331:
313:
269:
251:
161:(1530)
108:(1532)
97:(1530)
90:(1529)
75:Result
1300:, 64.
1274:, 67.
1244:, 63.
1231:, 61.
1192:, 60.
1164:Notes
1101:scudi
979:siege
967:Genoa
869:Milan
797:Spain
428:Malfi
423:Pavia
137:Spain
69:Italy
1486:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1409:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1351:ISSN
1333:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1132:The
1087:and
1066:Ă©cus
961:and
918:and
885:Lodi
795:and
779:The
768:1823
761:1815
689:1625
418:Rome
57:Date
31:and
867:of
104:by
1502::
1473:.
1455:.
1381:.
1363:.
1103:.
1056:,
981:.
942:.
855:.
823:.
803:,
1492:.
1467:.
1449:.
1430:.
1415:.
1393:.
1375:.
1357:.
1339:.
1324:.
613:e
606:t
599:v
507:e
500:t
493:v
375:e
368:t
361:v
170::
127::
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