1540:
1524:
1508:
100:
415:
129:
466:
433:
1193:, daughter of Duke Gian Galeazzo, in 1389, whose marriage contract established that, in the event of the extinction of the Visconti dynasty, the title of Duke of Milan went to Valentina's descendants. Louis XII, claiming to be the legitimate heir of the Viscontis, invaded the Milanese state in 1499, driving out Ludovico il Moro. The former Sforza ruler tried in vain to counter the transalpine troops, even asking the Emperor for help, but only managed to briefly recapture the capital and a few other lands. Defeated and taken prisoner in
86:
1020:
788:
706:
8424:
5409:
484:
117:
8414:
1288:
5398:
502:
8434:
1142:
1358:) in exchange for the withdrawal of imperial claims on Milan, also due to the fact that Charles V did not want to clash with the Venetians, and he knew he didn't have the means to succeed, because the Venetians were too concerned that Milan not fall into the hands of foreigners powers, given that they did not consider themselves "capable of occupying it nor proportionate to be able to hold it".
1160:
therefore deteriorated: Gian
Galeazzo had in fact married a niece of the King of Naples, who took the side of the legitimate heir. Ludovico il Moro responded by encouraging King Charles VIII of France to reclaim the Kingdom of Naples, as until 1442 the Neapolitan throne had belonged to Charles
1492:
Under the
Spanish viceroys from 1535, Milan became one of the contributors to the Spanish king's army. At the time Lombardy had the most developed manufacturing and commercial economy anywhere in the world, making it a valuable tool for the Spanish military: an armory of paramount strategic
1493:
importance. In addition to resources, Milan also provided soldiers. During the 1635–1659 Franco-Spanish War, Milan sent and paid for on average 4,000 soldiers per year to the
Spanish crown, with many of these men serving in the Low Countries against the Dutch States Army.
2116:
1839:
2348:
768:. After a period marked by tensions between the various members of the powerful family, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, nephew of Bernabò, came to power with a coup in 1385 and gradually unified the vast family domains scattered across
1361:
Francesco II Sforza died without heirs in 1535, opening a new question for the succession to the throne. In this period, to be precise in 1532, Francesco II Sforza requested and obtained from Pope
Clement VII the elevation of
1255:, which saw the defeat of the Swiss army, the French sovereign deposed Maximilian and installed himself on the ducal throne. Despite the defeat, the Swiss managed to retain the territories along the road that leads from the
833:
The duchy, as defined in the diploma of 1395, included the territory surrounding Milan, between the Adda and Ticino rivers, but the dominions of Gian
Galeazzo Visconti extended beyond, including 26 towns and spanned from
2142:
128:
2245:
2090:
1097:
was signed in 1454. With this document
Francesco Sforza and Alfonso of Aragon were recognized respectively as Duke of Milan and King of Naples, the Republic of Venice extended its dominion up to the
850:. Milan thus became one of the five major states of the Italian peninsula in the 15th century. The House of Visconti had been expanding their dominions for nearly a century, under the reigns of
1425:
The government of the
Habsburgs of Austria was characterized by significant administrative reforms, which the sovereigns of the Austrian house - inspired by the principles of the so-called
1326:. The Duke was quickly overwhelmed by Charles troops, but managed to maintain control over some cities and strongholds of the duchy. Thanks to the Republic of Venice which ceded the entire
756:, expanding the area of Visconti influence over the surrounding regions. An equal policy of enlargement and consolidation was pursued in the second half of the century by their successors:
2038:
2194:
2168:
1986:
1539:
2645:
7683:
1386:
claimed the duchy by making war. The latter, claiming it as an imperial fief upon the extinction of the Sforza, obtained control of the duchy and installed his son
1134:
usurped the throne of the duchy. Ludovico il Moro, son of
Francesco Sforza, managed to obtain the guardianship of his nephew Gian Galeazzo and confine him to the
1507:
1523:
7877:
2533:
Gregory Hanlon. "The Hero of Italy: Odoardo
Farnese, Duke of Parma, his Soldiers, and his Subjects in the Thirty Years' War." Routledge: May 2014. pp. 116–117.
6813:
1390:
there with an imperial diploma signed in
Brussels on 11 October 1540 and made public in 1554. Philip's possession of the duchy was finally recognized by King
721:, who resumed the policy of territorial expansionism inherited from the city's municipality. One of the first Visconti exponents to lead the Lombard city was
8243:
8468:
8379:
5822:
6833:
5748:
7751:
2638:
1177:
In 1495 Charles VIII was expelled from the Peninsula by a League composed of many Italian states, the Holy Roman Empire, the Spanish Empire and the
1918:
7298:
4468:
1045:, having previously married Filippo Maria Visconti's illegitimate daughter Bianca Maria, conquered the city and restored the duchy, founding the
6793:
7892:
2297:
1904:
99:
614:, Milan experienced a period of great prosperity with the introduction of the silk industry, becoming one of the wealthiest states during the
7756:
6843:
4500:
7969:
6448:
5806:
5131:
4483:
2631:
775:
It is said that the territories subject to his dominion earned Gian Galeazzo in one year, in addition to the ordinary income of 1,200,000
664:
of 1815 restored many other states which he had destroyed, but not the Duchy of Milan. Instead, its former territory became part of the
5095:
4025:
2524:
Gregory Hanlon. "The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats and European Conflicts, 1560–1800." Routledge: 1997. p. 54.
2374:
7795:
5229:
591:
to the south. The duchy was at its largest at the beginning of the 15th century, at which time it included almost all of what is now
1190:
8463:
7663:
6767:
5445:
5136:
1422:, which however had strong autonomy from Milan - was further reduced, reaching a much smaller extension than present-day Lombardy.
133:
The Duchy of Milan in its period of greatest expansion, between the end of the 14th century and the beginning of the 15th century.
6747:
4701:
2996:
1564:
753:
8503:
3913:
2450:
5885:
7847:
7521:
5632:
5379:
4542:
1122:, son of Francesco Sforza, due to his government considered by many to be tyrannical, was murdered in a conspiracy. His son,
6483:
6352:
5979:
5975:
1271:
of 1516 confirmed the possession of the Duchy of Milan to the French. Francis of Valois governed the duchy until 1521, when
961:
in 1380, and Gian Galeazzo greatly expanded Milan's dominions, first eastwards, with the conquest of the Venetian cities of
8513:
7616:
7611:
6979:
6385:
6028:
5481:
5176:
4451:
4259:
3298:
3016:
1398:. The duchy, having lost all forms of independence, was then reduced to a regional state subjected to foreign domination.
1395:
8488:
8303:
8278:
8218:
7678:
6798:
4505:
4368:
3811:
3554:
3502:
726:
5667:
1813:
1445:'s victorious campaign in northern Italy in 1796, the duchy, entrusted to an interim government junta, was ceded to the
8394:
7445:
6762:
6698:
6420:
6400:
5875:
5607:
5570:
5224:
4809:
4436:
4269:
4030:
3693:
3364:
2220:
7810:
6914:
8523:
8437:
8399:
7929:
7511:
7420:
6818:
6362:
5915:
5545:
4456:
4431:
4274:
3805:
3413:
2594:
2575:
2556:
2475:
1074:
822:. The nomination was ratified and celebrated in Milan on 5 September 1395. Gian Galeazzo Visconti also obtained the
7711:
6395:
5879:
5657:
4828:
4109:
3995:
2654:
1165:. In 1494 Charles VIII conquered Naples, upsetting the balance between the various Italian states and starting the
7087:
7022:
7897:
7648:
7440:
7227:
7027:
6576:
6511:
6097:
5999:
4952:
4864:
4711:
4706:
4537:
4405:
3823:
1473:
665:
7566:
7082:
6526:
6410:
2012:
8263:
8203:
8175:
7934:
7668:
7606:
7405:
6823:
6536:
6516:
6488:
6405:
6380:
6240:
6048:
5955:
5895:
5862:
4900:
4488:
3965:
3799:
3703:
3647:
2805:
1138:, where in 1494 he died in such mysterious circumstances that many suspicions gathered around Ludovico himself.
859:
260:
228:
7631:
7460:
7217:
8349:
8180:
7783:
7761:
7716:
7658:
7636:
7450:
7222:
6904:
6693:
6678:
5763:
5627:
5580:
5151:
4982:
4869:
4400:
4395:
3688:
3622:
3421:
3153:
3076:
2927:
1411:
1383:
1303:
1272:
638:
7012:
1761:
8493:
7653:
7621:
7152:
7017:
6453:
5833:
5642:
5438:
4910:
4849:
4834:
4686:
4547:
4000:
1973:
1181:, but only three years later, in 1498, the Duke of Orléans, who had become King of France with the name of
855:
673:
7641:
6974:
2064:
8359:
7626:
7526:
7157:
6609:
6541:
5510:
5254:
4972:
4818:
4600:
4510:
4410:
4296:
4264:
3949:
3817:
3769:
3460:
2947:
7077:
6984:
1922:
1186:
8478:
8354:
8344:
8308:
8150:
8052:
7561:
6924:
6571:
6458:
6370:
6342:
5969:
5939:
5744:
5575:
5309:
4937:
4757:
4664:
4637:
4572:
4446:
3980:
3906:
3763:
3757:
3708:
3698:
3128:
3113:
2976:
6944:
6899:
2568:
Giangaleazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan (1351–1402): a study in the political career of an Italian despot
740:
In the first half of the following century, his nephews and great-grandsons who came to govern Milan:
286:
116:
8508:
8473:
8077:
7840:
7480:
7430:
7288:
7187:
6683:
6556:
6521:
6473:
6375:
5987:
5871:
5560:
5530:
5525:
5339:
5105:
5028:
4992:
4010:
3975:
3970:
3875:
3158:
1038:
1014:
455:
438:
6105:
2271:
1418:. During the 18th century, the surface area of the duchy - despite its unification in 1745 with the
8483:
8328:
7425:
7308:
7268:
7207:
7202:
7142:
6561:
6551:
6337:
6040:
5951:
5652:
5354:
5344:
5324:
5294:
5249:
4947:
4789:
4721:
4691:
4671:
4552:
4228:
4193:
3990:
3781:
3133:
2986:
2922:
819:
85:
7805:
6884:
6117:
5637:
1787:
8518:
8498:
8458:
8032:
8002:
7475:
7333:
7177:
7117:
7067:
6969:
6566:
6531:
6478:
6113:
5983:
5947:
5677:
5550:
5535:
5431:
5234:
4997:
4854:
4824:
4799:
4716:
4676:
4615:
4514:
4279:
4249:
3869:
3544:
3436:
3398:
2893:
2823:
1162:
1135:
1027:
642:
6668:
8389:
8145:
7919:
7766:
7338:
7273:
6777:
6663:
6546:
6506:
6150:
5943:
5602:
5592:
4932:
4920:
4696:
4681:
4373:
4015:
3829:
3775:
3723:
3713:
3549:
3492:
3163:
2549:
Absolutism in Renaissance Milan. Plenitude of power under the Visconti and the Sforza 1329–1535
2501:"La Scuola per i 150 anni dell'Unità d'Italia - Gli austriaci - Il governo del Lombardo-Veneto"
1735:
1710:
1560:
1450:
1426:
1407:
1370:, after it had obtained in 1530 the title of city and bishopric according to the same methods.
1157:
1113:
1082:
1034:
803:
765:
650:
557:
215:
6909:
2065:"Ludovico Sforza detto il Moro: ascesa e caduta di un principe del Rinascimento | Studenti.it"
8208:
8100:
8057:
7212:
6622:
6443:
6332:
6271:
6199:
6109:
5810:
5490:
5239:
5166:
5146:
5060:
5009:
4767:
4747:
4557:
4151:
4119:
4005:
3985:
3899:
3793:
3637:
3589:
3575:
3403:
3143:
3056:
3006:
2685:
2668:
1446:
1229:
1217:
1119:
1116:
into Italy in 1494, except for some Swiss incursions which resulted in the Peace of Lucerne.
1105:
584:
473:
358:
300:
7746:
7147:
6934:
6894:
6853:
5827:
8427:
8369:
8165:
8072:
8042:
8027:
7833:
7721:
7390:
7353:
7343:
7283:
7182:
7162:
7057:
6869:
6688:
5565:
5555:
5090:
4905:
4794:
4772:
4426:
4324:
4208:
4076:
3841:
3718:
3657:
3642:
3565:
3529:
3485:
3475:
3253:
3225:
3031:
2875:
2773:
2717:
1454:
1251:
managed to re-establish its sovereignty over the Milanese duchy. In 1515, after the bloody
1123:
1109:
646:
491:
343:
7247:
7037:
6959:
8:
8313:
8293:
8273:
8238:
8170:
8082:
7949:
7790:
7546:
7531:
7415:
7395:
7348:
7328:
7132:
7127:
7072:
7042:
6808:
6433:
6390:
6347:
6276:
6245:
6016:
5995:
5961:
5867:
5837:
5768:
5612:
5585:
5485:
5374:
5364:
5319:
5085:
5050:
5045:
4762:
4383:
4319:
4239:
3863:
3594:
3497:
3480:
3470:
3325:
3248:
3071:
3066:
3001:
2901:
2811:
1433:, the suppression of ecclesiastical censorship and the development of the silk industry.
1379:
1315:
1291:
1276:
1252:
1244:
1066:
1023:
745:
709:
The Viscontis' dominions in the 14th century, before the foundation of the Duchy of Milan
189:
7536:
7237:
2500:
863:
761:
8417:
8253:
8228:
8130:
8007:
7959:
7954:
7944:
7882:
7551:
7541:
7516:
7470:
7435:
7293:
7002:
6879:
6752:
6250:
6230:
5890:
5778:
5505:
5349:
5334:
5314:
5171:
5112:
5065:
4987:
4844:
4814:
4804:
4779:
4752:
4659:
4652:
4588:
4344:
4339:
4056:
3787:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3652:
3617:
3612:
3570:
3534:
3393:
3288:
3210:
3183:
3123:
3026:
3011:
2849:
2829:
1898:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1442:
1391:
1387:
1311:
1178:
1078:
1042:
757:
669:
661:
654:
621:
From the late 15th century, the Duchy of Milan was contested between the forces of the
580:
273:
6874:
6803:
1685:
1660:
1610:
1429:- also introduced in their Lombard territories: for example, the rearrangement of the
8413:
8155:
8125:
8115:
8105:
8022:
8012:
7997:
7864:
7731:
7673:
7506:
7278:
7252:
7242:
7232:
7167:
7122:
7052:
7032:
7007:
6954:
6929:
6194:
5721:
5662:
5617:
5476:
5299:
5289:
5161:
5075:
5040:
4967:
4957:
4735:
4605:
4519:
4349:
4329:
4303:
4291:
4086:
4081:
4066:
4061:
4046:
3632:
3627:
3560:
3519:
3513:
3354:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3061:
3041:
2991:
2981:
2962:
2581:
2571:
2552:
1415:
1323:
1225:
1221:
1198:
1146:
1058:
1041:, which soon faced revolts and attacks from its neighbors. In 1450 mercenary captain
741:
718:
700:
634:
626:
622:
588:
561:
420:
256:
166:
91:
5752:
8374:
8323:
8318:
8258:
8223:
8135:
8092:
8062:
7984:
7902:
7872:
7363:
7358:
7323:
7303:
7062:
6939:
6838:
6742:
6204:
6044:
5369:
5191:
5141:
5122:
5117:
5070:
4977:
4915:
4895:
4883:
4839:
4642:
4622:
4610:
4473:
4354:
4071:
3934:
3926:
3849:
3431:
3426:
3349:
3283:
3278:
3148:
3118:
3086:
2942:
2887:
2866:
2844:
2623:
2424:
2399:
1481:
1343:
1319:
1307:
1264:
1131:
843:
792:
689:
677:
545:
537:
156:
152:
64:
50:
7741:
5773:
4441:
2618:
1480:. The kingdom ceased to exist when the remaining portion of it was annexed to the
1306:
in a strong position within the Italian peninsula, Francesco II Sforza joined the
8384:
8298:
8268:
7992:
7909:
7806:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
7556:
7496:
7410:
7318:
7192:
7172:
7137:
6919:
6889:
6828:
6438:
6428:
6324:
6209:
6101:
6058:
5818:
5726:
5597:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5156:
5080:
4942:
4461:
4359:
4244:
4144:
4051:
3372:
3340:
3335:
3315:
3178:
3138:
3108:
3091:
3051:
3036:
3021:
2952:
2937:
2854:
2834:
2707:
1477:
1419:
1299:
1268:
1046:
899:
851:
749:
734:
722:
611:
567:
At that time, it included twenty-six towns and the wide rural area of the middle
7465:
3230:
1453:
in 1797. But already in 1796 the French had established the vassal state of the
1104:
The political balance achieved with the Peace of Lodi lasted until the death of
645:. The duchy remained an Austrian possession until 1796 when a French army under
8288:
8233:
8187:
8140:
7964:
7887:
7400:
7313:
7197:
6949:
6772:
6757:
6658:
6632:
6617:
6498:
6093:
6087:
5991:
5672:
5622:
5500:
5454:
5412:
5359:
5329:
5274:
5181:
5055:
5002:
4962:
4632:
4627:
4478:
4378:
4286:
4234:
4188:
4156:
4114:
4091:
3855:
3751:
3745:
3345:
3320:
3193:
3188:
3173:
3168:
3098:
3081:
3046:
2839:
2817:
2761:
2700:
1635:
1070:
1019:
958:
903:
769:
630:
604:
576:
553:
378:
36:
5905:
1762:"Ducato di Milano: origini e storia dei Visconti e degli Sforza | Studenti.it"
1366:, a city to which his family had always been deeply linked, to the capital of
8452:
8047:
6964:
5814:
5731:
5540:
5284:
4925:
4495:
4183:
4161:
4020:
3539:
3377:
2881:
2755:
2727:
2585:
2323:
1256:
1228:, son of Ludovico il Moro, on the Milanese throne. Between 1512 and 1515 the
1127:
1094:
1086:
954:
811:
196:
8213:
8110:
7914:
7736:
7726:
7455:
6994:
6848:
6673:
6189:
5965:
5647:
5495:
5402:
5209:
5014:
4784:
4388:
4254:
4203:
4178:
2912:
2767:
2747:
2451:"MILANO NEL SETTECENTO: L'ASSOLUTISMO ILLUMINATO DI MARIA TERESA D'AUSTRIA"
1472:
on 9 June 1815, the Duchy of Milan was not restored but became part of the
1248:
1166:
1098:
937:(Emilia) in 1346 and several territories in southwestern Piedmont in 1347:
923:
776:
714:
243:
186:
7047:
8364:
8067:
7974:
7856:
6637:
6463:
6032:
5910:
5304:
5244:
5214:
4567:
4198:
3465:
3330:
1468:
After the defeat of Napoleon, on the basis of the decisions taken by the
1367:
942:
787:
730:
615:
568:
524:
6627:
1037:, died in 1447 without a male heir, the Milanese declared the so-called
7939:
7825:
7501:
6235:
5515:
4562:
4171:
1090:
1089:, however, endangered the structure of the Venetian possessions in the
930:
907:
883:
796:
705:
572:
950:
8248:
8017:
6468:
6225:
6125:
5900:
5802:
5736:
2732:
1339:
1213:
1182:
649:
conquered it, and it ceased to exist a year later as a result of the
1287:
866:
and Gian Galeazzo Visconti: during the rule of Azzone Visconti, the
8283:
8160:
8037:
6642:
5520:
5219:
5204:
5199:
5100:
4134:
4129:
3450:
2932:
2737:
2680:
1575:
1430:
1363:
1335:
1331:
1062:
915:
887:
835:
827:
596:
592:
7924:
7800:
7771:
6281:
6266:
5423:
4166:
3891:
2712:
2673:
1185:, assert his claims on the Duchy of Milan: one of his ancestors,
998:
994:
974:
966:
938:
919:
891:
871:
600:
173:
1457:
on the territories of the Duchy of Milan, which merged with the
1026:
the condottiere of the Golden Ambrosian Republic notably at the
6737:
6291:
6286:
6063:
4859:
3220:
2143:"Luigi XII re di Francia, detto il Padre del popolo - Treccani"
1792:
Skuola.net - Portale per Studenti: Materiali, Appunti e Notizie
1327:
1202:
1194:
1150:
1002:
981:(briefly, from 1388 to 1390), and later southwards, conquering
970:
962:
911:
879:
867:
847:
839:
815:
1141:
7778:
6052:
5716:
4139:
3922:
3198:
2722:
2695:
1355:
1347:
1101:
and the Holy Italian League against the Turks was concluded.
990:
982:
978:
934:
875:
520:
386:
142:
2013:"Francesco Sforza | Renaissance Ruler of Milan | Britannica"
6121:
6036:
4647:
4124:
2690:
1351:
1282:
1260:
986:
946:
895:
382:
6014:
2091:"Ludovico Sforza duca di Milano, detto il Moro - Treccani"
1814:"Gian Galeazzo Visconti e la nascita del Ducato di Milano"
802:
The duchy was officially established on 11 May 1395, when
2596:
The Count of Virtue, Giangaleazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan
1937:
1788:"1300: dalla signoria milanese dei Visconti agli Sforza"
713:
The fate of the city of Milan was intertwined since the
560:, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important
587:
to the north, and separated from the Mediterranean by
575:. During much of its existence, it was wedged between
5769:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
1401:
2653:
2375:"Milano, dalla dominazione spagnola all'Illuminismo"
2221:"Francis I - Charles V, Rivalry, Italy | Britannica"
2117:"VISCONTI, Valentina, duchessa d'Orleans - Treccani"
1736:"I Visconti, storia e segreti dei signori di Milano"
1373:
870:
in Piedmont had been conquered in 1331, followed by
4406:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
1840:"GIAN GALEAZZO Visconti, duca di Milano - Treccani"
1208:
1052:
2565:
2039:"Galeazzo Marìa Sforza duca di Milano - Treccani"
1959:(Northampton, Massachusetts, 1936–37) pp. 46, 52.
1876:
1238:
1008:
929:The brothers Luchino and Giovanni Visconti added
8450:
2349:"FRANCESCO II Sforza, duca di Milano - Treccani"
1611:"::: Storia di Milano ::: dal 1201 al 1225"
1172:
672:as its king. In 1859, Lombardy was ceded to the
6313:
3839:
2195:"Francésco II Sforza duca di Milano - Treccani"
2169:"Massimiliano Sforza duca di Milano - Treccani"
1273:Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor
830:with the imperial eagle in the new ducal flag.
1987:"Francésco I Sforza duca di Milano - Treccani"
1302:on 24 February 1525, which left the forces of
782:
779:, another 800,000 in extraordinary subsidies.
7841:
5958:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
5439:
3907:
2639:
564:, which had been ruling the city since 1277.
56:
42:
5633:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
3042:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
1686:"Storia di Milano ::: dal 1776 al 1800"
1661:"Storia di Milano ::: dal 1701 al 1725"
1216:remained Duke of Milan until 1512, when the
1065:and therefore entered into an alliance with
1061:had not abandoned its desire to expand into
16:Former duchy in Italy (1395–1447; 1450–1796)
2566:Bueno de Mesquita, Daniel Meredith (1941).
1955:Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II),
1126:, governed under the regency of his mother
28:
8469:States and territories established in 1395
7848:
7834:
5446:
5432:
3914:
3900:
2646:
2632:
2592:
1943:
1903:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1496:
894:(Lombardy) in 1334, the Lombard cities of
127:
7752:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
2570:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1517:(Under the Visconti and Sforza dynasties)
7855:
7757:Colonial universities in the Philippines
1310:against Charles: together with him, the
1298:After the decisive French defeat in the
1286:
1283:Third and last Sforza's rule (1521–1535)
1140:
1018:
786:
704:
6748:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
2997:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
1565:List of governors of the Duchy of Milan
1436:
8451:
7701:
1888:
1414:, the Duchy of Milan was ceded to the
1294:, the last Sforza that ruled the Duchy
7829:
7700:
7596:
7595:
6719:
6597:
6312:
6171:
6139:
6076:
6013:
5928:
5851:
5791:
5705:
5694:
5466:
5465:
5427:
3895:
2627:
2546:
2272:"Francesco I e la battaglia di Pavia"
1864:
1594:
1465:, of which Milan became the capital.
1275:, raised Maximilian's young brother,
6029:Captaincy General of the Philippines
5521:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
4452:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1605:
1603:
8433:
7878:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
7732:Indochristian painting in New Spain
5852:
2551:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1970:A History of Milan under the Sforza
1882:
653:, when Austria ceded it to the new
13:
7970:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
6699:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
6172:
5453:
3921:
2246:"Francesco I di Valois - Treccani"
1402:Austrian Habsburg rule (1714–1796)
933:(present-day Switzerland in 1342,
660:After the defeat of Napoleon, the
293:1499–1512, 1515–1522 and 1524–1525
14:
8535:
8400:Historiography in the Middle Ages
5929:
5792:
5673:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
3806:United Provinces of Central Italy
2612:
2599:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode
1891:The English cyclopedia: geography
1600:
1374:Spanish Habsburg rule (1556–1707)
8432:
8423:
8422:
8412:
7784:Criollos in the colonial society
7712:Spanish missions in the Americas
6834:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
5408:
5407:
5396:
2655:List of historic states of Italy
1538:
1522:
1506:
1209:Second Sforza's rule (1512–1515)
1205:, where he died on 27 May 1508.
814:by means of a diploma signed in
810:of Milan, obtained the title of
500:
482:
464:
431:
413:
115:
98:
84:
8464:1796 disestablishments in Italy
7898:Christianity in the Middle Ages
7893:Decline of Hellenistic religion
7811:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
5695:
5137:Orders, decorations, and medals
3788:Provisional Government of Milan
2527:
2518:
2493:
2468:
2443:
2417:
2392:
2367:
2341:
2316:
2290:
2264:
2238:
2213:
2187:
2161:
2135:
2109:
2083:
2057:
2031:
2005:
1979:
1962:
1949:
1911:
1870:
1858:
1832:
1806:
1711:"I Visconti, Signori di Milano"
1156:Relations between Ludovico and
1053:First Sforza's rule (1450–1499)
8176:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
6140:
5863:Captaincy General of Guatemala
5571:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
2987:City of Fiume and its District
2278:(in Italian). 24 February 2023
1780:
1754:
1728:
1703:
1678:
1653:
1628:
1588:
1279:, to the throne of the duchy.
1239:Second French rule (1515–1521)
1009:Ambrosian Republic (1447–1450)
1:
8504:1395 establishments in Europe
8350:Disability in the Middle Ages
8023:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
7955:Rise of the Venetian Republic
7762:General Archive of the Indies
7023:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
6694:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
6679:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
5628:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
5581:War of the Spanish Succession
5546:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
3422:County of Apulia and Calabria
2928:Campagna e Marittima Province
1581:
1412:War of the Spanish Succession
1384:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1173:First French rule (1499–1512)
1093:and after 4 years of war the
1033:When the last Visconti duke,
729:in 1262 and who defeated the
694:
639:War of the Spanish Succession
6720:
5834:Captaincy General of Yucatan
5764:Union with Holy Roman Empire
5743:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
5658:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
2298:"Cognac, Lega di - Treccani"
1476:, a constituent land of the
1197:in 1500, he was deported to
674:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
7:
8514:Former monarchies of Europe
6598:
6314:Administrative subdivisions
5511:War of the League of Cognac
5177:Water supply and sanitation
4601:Italian geographical region
4469:Monarchy and the World Wars
4411:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
4297:War of the Sicilian Vespers
3950:Timeline of Italian history
3824:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
3818:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3770:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
2948:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1957:The Commentaries of Pius II
1569:
1487:
1474:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1114:King Charles VIII of France
783:Visconti's rule (1395–1447)
666:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
633:from 1556 and it passed to
370:750,000 in the 17th century
299:• Protectorate of the
10:
8540:
8489:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
8151:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
7028:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
7013:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
6915:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
6077:
5813:), Western United States (
5706:
5576:Portuguese Restoration War
5096:Inventions and discoveries
4506:Fall of the Fascist regime
4489:Fourth War of Independence
4447:Expedition of the Thousand
4437:Second War of Independence
3764:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3758:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
3159:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
3129:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3114:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
2593:Chamberlin, E. R. (1965).
2540:
1558:
1549:(Under Austrian Habsburgs)
1449:by the Habsburgs with the
1396:Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
1012:
826:to quarter the Visconti's
698:
687:
683:
595:and parts of what are now
8408:
8337:
8196:
8091:
8078:Mongol invasion of Europe
7983:
7863:
7796:Slavery in Spanish Empire
7707:
7696:
7602:
7591:
7489:
7383:
7376:
7261:
7110:
7103:
7096:
7083:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
6993:
6862:
6824:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
6786:
6730:
6726:
6715:
6684:Barcelona Trading Company
6651:
6608:
6604:
6593:
6497:
6449:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
6419:
6361:
6323:
6319:
6308:
6259:
6218:
6182:
6178:
6167:
6146:
6083:
6024:
5956:Venezuela, part of Guyana
5935:
5858:
5809:, Central United States (
5798:
5712:
5701:
5690:
5541:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
5526:Expulsion of the Moriscos
5472:
5461:
5392:
5190:
5036:
5027:
4891:
4882:
4870:Security and intelligence
4743:
4734:
4596:
4587:
4530:
4457:Third War of Independence
4432:First War of Independence
4419:
4312:
4221:
4102:
4039:
3958:
3942:
3933:
3876:Free Territory of Trieste
3736:
3666:
3605:
3588:
3512:
3449:
3412:
3394:Principality of Benevento
3386:
3363:
3308:
3297:
3239:
3209:
2961:
2911:
2865:
2796:
2783:
2746:
2661:
1976:(London, 1907) pp. 56–60.
1554:
1533:(Under Spanish Habsburgs)
1224:from Lombardy and placed
1039:Golden Ambrosian Republic
1015:Golden Ambrosian Republic
516:
460:Golden Ambrosian Republic
443:Golden Ambrosian Republic
392:
374:
364:
357:
353:
342:• Annexation to the
340:
330:
320:
310:
297:
283:
270:
253:
249:
239:
235:
222:
209:
205:
195:
182:
172:
162:
148:
138:
126:
114:
80:
73:
23:
8524:Spanish Empire in Europe
7737:Quito painting tradition
7727:Cusco painting tradition
7088:García López de Cárdenas
7078:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
6985:Felipe González de Ahedo
6905:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
5482:Conquest of the Americas
4548:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
4543:Institutional referendum
3782:Italian United Provinces
3134:Principality of Piombino
2923:Patrimony of Saint Peter
1889:Knight, Charles (1855).
1877:Bueno de Mesquita (1941)
1380:King Francis I of France
1136:Visconti Castle of Pavia
1005:in Umbria also in 1402.
8033:Investiture Controversy
8003:Second Bulgarian Empire
7522:Comuneros (New Granada)
7299:Balearic Islands (1558)
7018:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
6945:Ruy López de Villalobos
6900:Miguel López de Legazpi
6814:García de Toledo Osorio
5678:Western Sahara conflict
5668:Independence of Morocco
5608:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
5551:Piracy in the Caribbean
5536:French Wars of Religion
5071:Emigration and diaspora
4280:Guelphs and Ghibellines
4265:the Sardinian Judicates
3870:Italian Social Republic
3545:Principality of Taranto
3437:Principality of Taranto
3399:Principality of Salerno
3154:Bishopric of Tarantasia
2977:Bishopric of Bressanone
2894:Duchy of the Pentapolis
1640:Encyclopedia Britannica
1497:Historical coat of arms
1163:Capetian House of Anjou
1112:, and the incursion of
1110:the Florentine Republic
1028:battle of Bosco Marengo
1001:in Emilia in 1402, and
549:
57:
8390:Post-classical history
8146:Fall of Constantinople
8053:Capet–Plantagenet feud
7920:First Bulgarian Empire
7767:Colonial Spanish Horse
7441:Colonia del Sacramento
6664:Spanish treasure fleet
6241:Royal Decree of Graces
4953:Science and technology
4901:Italian regions by GDP
4702:Marine protected areas
4374:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3776:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3550:Terra Sancti Benedicti
3454:(from the 9th century)
3164:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1561:List of dukes of Milan
1451:Treaty of Campo Formio
1427:enlightened absolutism
1295:
1235:controlled the duchy.
1189:, had in fact married
1158:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1153:
1083:fall of Constantinople
1030:
918:(Emilia) in 1336, and
804:Gian Galeazzo Visconti
799:
710:
651:Treaty of Campo Formio
558:Gian Galeazzo Visconti
541:
216:Gian Galeazzo Visconti
121:Duchy of Milan in 1499
43:
29:
6925:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
6885:Juan Sebastián Elcano
6200:Council of the Indies
5561:Spanish–Moro conflict
5531:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
5491:Treaty of Tordesillas
5152:Public administration
4260:the Holy Roman Empire
3794:Republic of San Marco
3576:Crown Colony of Malta
3404:Principality of Capua
3144:Marquisate of Saluzzo
3007:County of Santa Fiora
2669:Etruscan civilization
1740:Connessioni Culturali
1690:www.storiadimilano.it
1665:www.storiadimilano.it
1615:www.storiadimilano.it
1290:
1144:
1022:
842:and from present-day
820:Wenceslaus of Bohemia
790:
708:
688:Further information:
556:, created in 1395 by
478:Old Swiss Confederacy
332:• Austrian rule
312:• Habsburg rule
261:Wenceslaus of Bohemia
149:Common languages
8370:Medieval reenactment
8166:Renaissance Humanism
8073:Medieval Warm Period
8043:Republic of Florence
7857:European Middle Ages
7722:Mesoamerican Codices
7446:Comuneros (Paraguay)
7284:Siege of Castelnuovo
6870:Christopher Columbus
6689:Consulate of the Sea
6669:Casa de Contratación
6260:Titles and positions
5653:Spanish–American War
5643:Liberal constitution
5486:Asia and the Pacific
5380:World Heritage Sites
4835:Council of Ministers
4573:Coronavirus pandemic
3971:Currency and coinage
3590:French Revolutionary
3530:State of the Presidi
3254:Republic of Florence
3226:Domini di Terraferma
2876:Exarchate of Ravenna
2774:Western Roman Empire
2718:Nuragic civilization
2547:Black, Jane (2009).
2480:digilander.libero.it
2476:"Milano napoleonica"
1461:in 1797 to form the
1455:Transpadane Republic
1437:The end of the Duchy
1081:and his allies. The
993:in Tuscany in 1399,
953:. Bernabò conquered
882:(Piedmont) in 1332,
496:Transpadane Republic
344:Transpadane Republic
322:• Spanish rule
8494:Italian city-states
8083:Kingdom of Portugal
7950:Old Church Slavonic
7935:Anglo-Saxon England
7451:Cartagena de Indias
7073:Diego de Mazariegos
7043:Pere Fages i Beleta
6910:Sebastián de Ocampo
6391:Provincias Internas
6363:Captaincies General
6277:Municipal president
6246:School of Salamanca
6017:Spanish East Indies
5996:Misiones Orientales
5868:Spanish West Indies
5832:, Central America (
5779:Pyrénées-Orientales
5732:Union with Portugal
5623:Napoleonic invasion
5603:War of Jenkins' Ear
4911:Automotive industry
4850:Metropolitan cities
4396:Early Modern period
4369:Kingdom of Sardinia
4320:Italian city-states
3864:Free State of Fiume
3812:Kingdom of Sardinia
3555:Neapolitan Republic
3503:Kingdom of Sardinia
3498:Republic of Sassari
3326:Catepanate of Italy
3249:Republic of Cospaia
3072:Duchy of Montferrat
3067:March of Montferrat
3002:County of Guastalla
2902:Exarchate of Africa
1316:Florentine Republic
1277:Francesco II Sforza
1253:Battle of Marignano
1243:Under the reign of
1201:, to the Castle of
1130:, until his uncle,
1085:, conquered by the
1073:, and with Emperor
1067:Alfonso V of Aragon
1024:Bartolomeo Colleoni
997:in Umbria in 1400,
886:(Tuscany) in 1333,
752:and the Archbishop
676:, which became the
637:in 1707 during the
573:hills of Montferrat
190:hereditary monarchy
8264:In popular culture
8229:Crusading movement
8101:Hundred Years' War
7960:Civitas Schinesghe
7945:Carolingian Empire
7930:Kingdom of Croatia
7883:Barbarian kingdoms
7747:Academia Antártica
7702:Other civil topics
7068:Pánfilo de Narváez
6970:Sebastián Vizcaíno
6935:Andrés de Urdaneta
6895:Juan Ponce de León
6880:Ferdinand Magellan
6854:Bernardo de Gálvez
6753:Indian auxiliaries
6251:Trial of residence
6231:Laws of the Indies
6015:Asia and Oceania (
5876:Dominican Republic
4973:Telecommunications
4340:Maritime republics
3694:Lucca and Piombino
3571:Malta Protectorate
3535:Duke of San Donato
3289:Republic of Ancona
3211:Republic of Venice
3124:Duchy of Mirandola
3012:Duchy of Guastalla
2850:Duchy of Tridentum
2830:Duchy of Benevento
2797:Barbarian kingdoms
2455:www.homolaicus.com
2400:"L'epoca spagnola"
2225:www.britannica.com
2017:www.britannica.com
1879:, pp. 174–301
1470:Congress of Vienna
1463:Cisalpine Republic
1459:Cispadane Republic
1443:Napoleon Bonaparte
1416:Austrian Habsburgs
1410:, which ended the
1394:in 1559, with the
1392:Henry II of France
1312:Republic of Venice
1296:
1191:Valentina Visconti
1179:Kingdom of England
1154:
1149:1487 securing the
1106:Lorenzo de' Medici
1079:Francesco I Sforza
1031:
800:
731:Della Torre family
711:
670:Emperor of Austria
662:Congress of Vienna
655:Cisalpine Republic
647:Napoleon Bonaparte
629:. It was ruled by
581:Republic of Venice
274:Ambrosian Republic
8479:House of Visconti
8446:
8445:
8355:Basic topics list
8156:Swiss mercenaries
8106:Wars of the Roses
8013:Kingdom of Poland
7998:Holy Roman Empire
7865:Early Middle Ages
7823:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7692:
7691:
7597:Spanish conquests
7587:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7372:
7371:
7053:Pedro de Alvarado
7038:Gaspar de Portolà
7033:Pedro de Valdivia
7008:Francisco Pizarro
6960:Nicolás de Ovando
6955:Alonso de Ercilla
6930:Alonso de Salazar
6763:Ships of the line
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6304:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6135:
6134:
6092:Northern Africa (
6088:Equatorial Guinea
6072:
6071:
6009:
6008:
5924:
5923:
5847:
5846:
5838:Spanish Caribbean
5811:Spanish Louisiana
5787:
5786:
5722:Crown of Castille
5686:
5685:
5663:Spanish Civil War
5638:Adams–Onís Treaty
5618:Nootka Convention
5566:Thirty Years' War
5556:Eighty Years' War
5477:Catholic Monarchs
5467:Timeline–immersed
5421:
5420:
5388:
5387:
5023:
5022:
4958:Southern question
4878:
4877:
4810:Political parties
4758:Foreign relations
4730:
4729:
4583:
4582:
4304:Kingdom of Naples
4292:Kingdom of Sicily
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3732:
3731:
3699:Massa and Carrara
3584:
3583:
3561:Hospitaller Malta
3520:Kingdom of Naples
3514:Kingdom of Sicily
3445:
3444:
3355:Duchy of Sorrento
3274:Republic of Genoa
3269:Republic of Siena
3264:Republic of Massa
3259:Republic of Lucca
2992:County of Gorizia
2982:Corsican Republic
2963:Holy Roman Empire
2404:www.melegnano.net
1944:Chamberlin (1965)
1818:Navigli Reloading
1636:"Milan – History"
1324:Kingdom of France
1226:Maximilian Sforza
1147:battle of Crevola
1059:Venetian republic
860:Giovanni Visconti
808:Dominus Generalis
795:for control over
717:with that of the
701:Lordship of Milan
627:Kingdom of France
623:Habsburg Monarchy
589:Republic of Genoa
585:Swiss Confederacy
583:to the east, the
552:) was a state in
530:
529:
512:
511:
508:
507:
448:
447:
425:Lordship of Milan
301:Swiss Confederacy
224:• 1792–1796
211:• 1395–1402
167:Roman Catholicism
30:Ducatus Mediolani
8531:
8509:Christian states
8474:History of Milan
8436:
8435:
8426:
8425:
8416:
8375:Medieval studies
8219:Church and State
8093:Late Middle Ages
7985:High Middle Ages
7903:Christianization
7873:Migration Period
7850:
7843:
7836:
7827:
7826:
7698:
7697:
7664:Chibchan Nations
7593:
7592:
7562:Santiago de Cuba
7421:Guadalupe Island
7381:
7380:
7108:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7063:Diego de Almagro
6940:Antonio de Ulloa
6844:Ambrosio Spinola
6839:Pedro de Zubiaur
6809:Alfonso d'Avalos
6799:Antonio de Leyva
6743:Army of Flanders
6728:
6727:
6717:
6716:
6606:
6605:
6595:
6594:
6321:
6320:
6310:
6309:
6180:
6179:
6169:
6168:
6137:
6136:
6110:Peñón of Algiers
6074:
6073:
6011:
6010:
5926:
5925:
5849:
5848:
5831:
5789:
5788:
5703:
5702:
5692:
5691:
5613:Seven Years' War
5586:Queen Anne's War
5463:
5462:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5425:
5424:
5411:
5410:
5403:Italy portal
5400:
5399:
5340:National symbols
5034:
5033:
4889:
4888:
4741:
4740:
4594:
4593:
4474:Kingdom of Italy
4401:Napoleonic Italy
3940:
3939:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3850:Kingdom of Italy
3837:
3836:
3603:
3602:
3432:County of Sicily
3427:County of Aversa
3350:Byzantine Sicily
3336:Theme of Lucania
3306:
3305:
3284:Republic of Pisa
3279:Republic of Noli
3149:Duchy of Spoleto
3119:Duchy of Merania
3017:Kingdom of Italy
2943:Duchy of Ferrara
2888:Duchy of Perugia
2867:Byzantine Empire
2845:Duchy of Spoleto
2812:Ostrogothic rule
2794:
2793:
2662:Pre-Roman period
2648:
2641:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2589:
2562:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2276:www.storicang.it
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1974:Edward Armstrong
1968:Cecilia M. Ady,
1966:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1921:. Archived from
1915:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1607:
1598:
1597:, pp. 68–72
1592:
1542:
1526:
1510:
1482:Kingdom of Italy
1320:Pope Clement VII
1308:League of Cognac
1265:Canton of Ticino
1259:to the gates of
1187:Louis of Orleans
1132:Ludovico il Moro
1043:Francesco Sforza
864:Bernabò Visconti
856:Luchino Visconti
844:Canton of Ticino
793:Battle of Arbedo
690:History of Milan
678:Kingdom of Italy
635:Habsburg Austria
542:Ducato di Milano
504:
503:
486:
485:
468:
467:
452:
451:
435:
434:
417:
416:
410:
409:
394:
393:
349:15 November 1796
131:
119:
102:
88:
68:
60:
54:
46:
44:Ducato di Milano
40:
32:
21:
20:
8539:
8538:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8484:House of Sforza
8449:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8404:
8385:Neo-medievalism
8333:
8269:Itinerant court
8192:
8087:
8008:Georgian Empire
7993:Norman Conquest
7979:
7925:Frankish Empire
7859:
7854:
7824:
7815:
7791:Old inquisition
7703:
7688:
7598:
7571:
7527:Trinidad (1797)
7497:La Noche Triste
7485:
7481:San Juan (1797)
7431:San Juan (1595)
7368:
7257:
7097:Notable battles
7092:
7058:Martín de Ursúa
6989:
6920:Alonso de Ojeda
6890:Juan de la Cosa
6875:Pinzón brothers
6858:
6829:John of Austria
6804:Martín de Goiti
6782:
6722:
6703:
6647:
6600:
6581:
6493:
6489:Terra Australis
6484:Río de la Plata
6429:Castilla de Oro
6415:
6357:
6353:Río de la Plata
6315:
6296:
6255:
6214:
6210:Santa Hermandad
6174:
6155:
6151:Terra Australis
6142:
6131:
6098:Spanish Morocco
6079:
6068:
6059:Northern Taiwan
6020:
6005:
5976:Río de la Plata
5931:
5920:
5854:
5853:Central America
5843:
5825:
5794:
5783:
5727:Crown of Aragon
5708:
5697:
5682:
5598:Bourbon Reforms
5468:
5457:
5452:
5422:
5417:
5397:
5384:
5355:Public holidays
5186:
5132:Life expectancy
5019:
4874:
4790:Law enforcement
4726:
4579:
4526:
4515:Social Republic
4479:Colonial Empire
4462:Capture of Rome
4415:
4308:
4217:
4110:Ancient peoples
4098:
4035:
3996:Historic states
3954:
3929:
3920:
3890:
3881:
3835:
3738:
3737:Post-Napoleonic
3728:
3662:
3598:
3592:
3580:
3522:
3518:
3517:(1130–1816) and
3516:
3508:
3453:
3441:
3408:
3382:
3373:Emirate of Bari
3359:
3346:Theme of Sicily
3341:Duchy of Naples
3316:Duchy of Amalfi
3301:
3293:
3241:
3240:Other Republics
3235:
3213:
3205:
3199:County of Tenda
3179:County of Savoy
3139:Duchy of Reggio
3109:Duchy of Mantua
3037:March of Friuli
2969:
2967:
2965:
2957:
2953:Duchy of Urbino
2938:Duchy of Castro
2915:
2907:
2861:
2855:Duchy of Tuscia
2835:Duchy of Friuli
2798:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2758:(753 BC–509 BC)
2742:
2657:
2652:
2615:
2602:
2600:
2578:
2559:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2069:www.studenti.it
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1925:on 9 April 2022
1917:
1916:
1912:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1766:www.studenti.it
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1715:www.storico.org
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1572:
1567:
1559:Main articles:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1499:
1490:
1478:Austrian Empire
1447:French Republic
1439:
1420:Duchy of Mantua
1408:Treaty of Baden
1404:
1376:
1300:Battle of Pavia
1285:
1269:Treaty of Noyon
1241:
1211:
1175:
1161:ancestors, the
1055:
1047:House of Sforza
1017:
1011:
914:(Lombardy) and
890:(Piedmont) and
878:(Lombardy) and
852:Azzone Visconti
785:
735:Battle of Desio
723:Ottone Visconti
719:Visconti family
703:
697:
692:
686:
612:House of Sforza
562:Visconti family
523:
501:
495:
483:
477:
465:
459:
442:
432:
424:
414:
367:
366:• Estimate
346:
333:
323:
313:
303:
290:
276:
263:
225:
212:
155:
134:
122:
110:
109:
108:
106:
103:
95:
94:
89:
75:
69:
62:
55:
48:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8537:
8527:
8526:
8521:
8519:Former duchies
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8499:Italian states
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8459:Duchy of Milan
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8430:
8420:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8380:Misconceptions
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8341:
8339:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8200:
8198:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8188:Little Ice Age
8185:
8184:
8183:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8141:Western Schism
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8097:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7989:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7895:
7890:
7888:Late antiquity
7885:
7880:
7875:
7869:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7853:
7852:
7845:
7838:
7830:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7787:
7786:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7694:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7607:Canary Islands
7603:
7600:
7599:
7589:
7588:
7585:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7493:
7491:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7461:Túpac Amaru II
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7406:Bogotá savanna
7403:
7398:
7393:
7387:
7385:
7378:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7314:Spanish Armada
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7208:White Mountain
7205:
7203:Cape Celidonia
7200:
7198:English Armada
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7114:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
6999:
6997:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6975:Juan Fernández
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6950:Diego Columbus
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6778:Army of Africa
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6758:Spanish Armada
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6734:
6732:
6724:
6723:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6659:Manila galleon
6655:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6614:
6612:
6602:
6601:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6317:
6316:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6176:
6175:
6173:Administration
6165:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6094:Western Sahara
6090:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5992:Banda Oriental
5973:
5959:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5807:Coastal Alaska
5799:
5796:
5795:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5699:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5459:
5458:
5455:Spanish Empire
5451:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5428:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5405:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4963:Stock exchange
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4865:Municipalities
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4825:Prime Minister
4822:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4712:Regional parks
4709:
4707:National parks
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4616:Climate change
4608:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4381:
4379:Duchy of Savoy
4376:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4289:
4287:Lombard League
4284:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4209:Western Empire
4201:
4196:
4194:Roman conquest
4191:
4186:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4115:Italic peoples
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:Italian Empire
3846:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3800:Roman Republic
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3752:Duchy of Lucca
3749:
3746:Duchy of Genoa
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3600:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3321:Duchy of Gaeta
3318:
3312:
3310:
3303:
3299:Southern Italy
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3242:(c. 1000–1797)
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3194:County of Nice
3191:
3189:Duchy of Aosta
3186:
3181:
3176:
3169:Savoyard state
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Duchy of Milan
3101:
3099:Duchy of Ivrea
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2872:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2840:Duchy of Ivrea
2837:
2832:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2806:Odoacer's rule
2802:
2800:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2770:(27 BC–395 AD)
2765:
2764:(509 BC–27 BC)
2762:Roman Republic
2759:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2701:Cisalpine Gaul
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2613:External links
2611:
2610:
2609:
2590:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2505:www.150anni.it
2492:
2467:
2442:
2416:
2391:
2379:www.baroque.it
2366:
2340:
2315:
2289:
2263:
2237:
2212:
2186:
2160:
2134:
2108:
2082:
2056:
2030:
2019:. 8 April 2024
2004:
1978:
1961:
1948:
1946:, p. 196.
1936:
1910:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1831:
1805:
1779:
1753:
1727:
1702:
1677:
1652:
1627:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1438:
1435:
1403:
1400:
1375:
1372:
1284:
1281:
1245:King Francis I
1240:
1237:
1210:
1207:
1174:
1171:
1120:Galeazzo Maria
1071:King of Naples
1054:
1051:
1013:Main article:
1010:
1007:
959:Riva del Garda
784:
781:
770:Northern Italy
699:Main article:
696:
693:
685:
682:
631:Habsburg Spain
605:Emilia-Romagna
554:Northern Italy
550:Ducaa de Milan
534:Duchy of Milan
528:
527:
518:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
498:
488:
487:
480:
470:
469:
462:
449:
446:
445:
436:
428:
427:
418:
406:
405:
400:
390:
389:
379:Milanese scudo
376:
372:
371:
368:
365:
362:
361:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
298:
295:
294:
291:
284:
281:
280:
277:
271:
268:
267:
264:
254:
251:
250:
247:
246:
241:
240:Historical era
237:
236:
233:
232:
226:
223:
220:
219:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
193:
192:
184:
180:
179:
176:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
132:
124:
123:
120:
112:
111:
104:
97:
96:
90:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
71:
70:
58:Ducaa de Milan
27:
25:Duchy of Milan
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8536:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8439:
8431:
8429:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8411:
8410:
8407:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8336:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8186:
8182:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8094:
8090:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8048:Scholasticism
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7910:Rise of Islam
7908:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7851:
7846:
7844:
7839:
7837:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7770:
7769:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7742:Tapada limeña
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7699:
7695:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7601:
7594:
7590:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7488:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7375:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7334:Montes Claros
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7274:Vienna (1529)
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7102:
7099:
7095:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7003:Hernán Cortés
7001:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6995:Conquistadors
6992:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6965:Juan de Ayala
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6819:Duke of Savoy
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6718:
6714:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6618:Dollar (Peso)
6616:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6596:
6592:
6578:
6577:Santo Domingo
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6454:New Andalusia
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6401:Santo Domingo
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6325:Viceroyalties
6322:
6318:
6311:
6307:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6170:
6166:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6138:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6075:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6018:
6012:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5930:South America
5927:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5857:
5850:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5815:Spanish Texas
5812:
5808:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5793:North America
5790:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5774:Franche-Comté
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5704:
5700:
5693:
5689:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5449:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5414:
5406:
5404:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Years of Lead
4556:
4554:
4553:Economic Boom
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4496:Fascist Italy
4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Niçard exodus
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:Magna Graecia
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3912:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3838:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Duchy of Sora
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3378:Muslim Sicily
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2882:Duchy of Rome
2880:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2756:Roman Kingdom
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:Magna Graecia
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2577:9780521234559
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2558:9780199565290
2554:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2530:
2521:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2430:
2429:Divina Milano
2426:
2420:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1431:land register
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:Gotthard Pass
1254:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:Swiss cantons
1227:
1223:
1220:expelled the
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Bona of Savoy
1125:
1124:Gian Galeazzo
1121:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:Peace of Lodi
1092:
1088:
1087:Ottoman Turks
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:Frederick III
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Filippo Maria
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:Reggio Emilia
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:Duke of Milan
809:
805:
798:
794:
789:
780:
778:
773:
771:
767:
766:Gian Galeazzo
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
707:
702:
691:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:Imperial fief
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:to the west,
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
526:
522:
519:
517:Today part of
515:
499:
497:
494:
490:
489:
481:
479:
476:
472:
471:
463:
461:
458:
454:
453:
450:
444:
441:
437:
430:
429:
426:
423:
419:
412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
391:
388:
384:
380:
377:
373:
369:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
339:
335:
329:
325:
319:
315:
309:
305:
302:
296:
292:
288:
282:
278:
275:
269:
265:
262:
258:
252:
248:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
227:
221:
217:
214:
208:
204:
200:
198:
194:
191:
188:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
130:
125:
118:
113:
101:
93:
87:
79:
72:
66:
59:
52:
45:
38:
31:
22:
19:
8209:Architecture
8181:Great Famine
8171:Universities
8120:
8111:Hussite Wars
8028:Great Schism
7915:Papal States
7717:Architecture
7612:The Americas
7476:Newfoundland
7466:Túpac Katari
7456:Cuerno Verde
7391:Tenochtitlan
7223:Valenciennes
6980:Luis Fajardo
6849:Blas de Lezo
6794:Duke of Alba
6674:Spanish Road
6512:Buenos Aires
6421:Governorates
6190:Ayuntamiento
6183:Organization
5758:
5648:Carlist Wars
5496:Italian Wars
5240:Architecture
5210:Quattrocento
5167:Social class
5147:Prostitution
5061:Demographics
4983:Trade unions
4926:Central Bank
4768:Human rights
4748:Constitution
4531:Contemporary
4501:World War II
4389:Italian Wars
4334:
4313:Early modern
4255:Papal States
4233:Italy under
4179:Ancient Rome
3852:(1861–1946)
3830:Papal States
3658:Transpadania
3231:Stato da Màr
3103:
2913:Papal States
2824:Lombard rule
2788:Early Modern
2776:(395–476 AD)
2768:Roman Empire
2748:Ancient Rome
2601:. Retrieved
2595:
2567:
2548:
2529:
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2504:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2479:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2431:(in Italian)
2428:
2425:"Settecento"
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2378:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2355:(in Italian)
2352:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2304:(in Italian)
2301:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2275:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2252:(in Italian)
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2201:(in Italian)
2198:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2175:(in Italian)
2172:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2149:(in Italian)
2146:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2123:(in Italian)
2120:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2097:(in Italian)
2094:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2071:(in Italian)
2068:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2045:(in Italian)
2042:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1993:(in Italian)
1990:
1981:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1951:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:the original
1913:
1890:
1884:
1872:
1867:, p. 69
1865:Black (2009)
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1846:(in Italian)
1843:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1820:(in Italian)
1817:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1794:(in Italian)
1791:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1768:(in Italian)
1765:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1742:(in Italian)
1739:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
1595:Black (2009)
1590:
1545:
1529:
1513:
1502:Coat of arms
1491:
1467:
1440:
1424:
1405:
1377:
1360:
1297:
1292:Francesco II
1249:French Crown
1242:
1232:
1212:
1176:
1167:Italian Wars
1155:
1151:Val d'Ossola
1118:
1103:
1056:
1032:
957:in 1371 and
928:
924:Val Camonica
832:
823:
807:
801:
777:gold florins
774:
739:
715:13th century
712:
659:
641:as a vacant
620:
609:
571:east of the
566:
533:
531:
492:
474:
456:
439:
421:
403:Succeeded by
402:
397:
244:Early modern
105:Coat of arms
18:
8438:WikiProject
8365:Medievalism
8204:Agriculture
8068:Manorialism
8063:Communalism
8058:Monasticism
7975:Reconquista
7965:Kievan Rus'
7684:Philippines
7649:El Salvador
7269:Capo d'Orso
7153:St. Quentin
7128:Rome (1527)
6787:Strategists
6537:Guadalajara
6464:New Navarre
6459:New Castile
6444:La Luisiana
6396:Puerto Rico
6386:Philippines
6343:New Granada
6033:Philippines
5994:(Uruguay),
5990:(Bolivia),
5940:New Granada
5880:Puerto Rico
5826: [
5696:Territories
5516:Encomiendas
5305:Italophilia
5265:Coat of arm
5215:Cinquecento
5091:Immigration
5041:Aristocracy
4906:Agriculture
4800:Nationality
4773:LGBT rights
4687:Earthquakes
4568:Mani pulite
4484:World War I
4427:Unification
4420:Late modern
4384:Renaissance
4229:Middle Ages
4222:Middle Ages
4199:Roman Italy
3966:Citizenship
3878:(1947–1954)
3872:(1943–1945)
3866:(1920–1924)
3858:(1882–1960)
3842:unification
3832:(1814–1870)
3826:(1815–1866)
3820:(1816–1861)
3814:(1814–1860)
3808:(1859–1860)
3802:(1849–1850)
3796:(1848–1849)
3778:(1815–1859)
3772:(1814–1859)
3766:(1814–1859)
3760:(1814–1829)
3754:(1815–1847)
3748:(1815–1848)
3638:Parthenopea
3599:(1792–1815)
3557:(1647–1648)
3523:(1282–1816)
3505:(1324–1861)
3466:Agugliastra
3331:Longobardia
2968:independent
2818:Vandal rule
2619:About Milan
1645:17 December
1368:Vigevanasco
1108:, ruler of
977:(1388) and
943:Alessandria
668:, with the
616:Renaissance
569:Padan Plain
525:Switzerland
398:Preceded by
289:occupation
259:diploma of
107:(1395–1535)
8453:Categories
8360:Land terms
8314:Technology
8294:Philosophy
8274:Literature
8239:Demography
7940:Viking Age
7354:Somosierra
7344:Manila Bay
7218:Nördlingen
7158:Gravelines
6638:Columnario
6610:Currencies
6527:Concepción
6499:Audiencias
6474:New Toledo
6439:La Florida
6272:Corregidor
6236:Papal bull
6141:Antarctica
6049:Micronesia
5506:Golden Age
5375:Traditions
5365:Television
5350:Philosophy
5315:Literature
5255:Cathedrals
5225:Settecento
5086:Healthcare
5051:Corruption
5046:Censorship
4805:Parliament
4763:Government
4563:Maxi Trial
4511:Resistance
4240:Ostrogoths
4172:Messapians
4057:Villanovan
4047:Prehistory
4040:Prehistory
3709:Pontecorvo
3667:Monarchies
3653:Subalpinia
3618:Cispadania
3613:Cisalpinia
3595:Napoleonic
3302:(774–1139)
3214:(697–1797)
2916:(754–1870)
2878:(584–751)
2826:(568–774)
2324:"Vigevano"
1919:"VISCONTI"
1582:References
1441:Following
1218:Swiss army
1091:Aegean Sea
1077:, against
931:Bellinzona
908:Valtellina
884:Pontremoli
797:Bellinzona
746:Galeazzo I
727:archbishop
725:, elected
695:Background
610:Under the
599:, Veneto,
359:Population
266:1 May 1395
229:Francis II
183:Government
174:Demonym(s)
8345:Dark Ages
8254:Household
8249:Hastilude
8018:Feudalism
7659:Nicaragua
7637:Guatemala
7547:Pichincha
7532:Chacabuco
7471:Pensacola
7416:Mataquito
7396:Cajamarca
7377:New World
7349:Trafalgar
7253:Alhucemas
7133:Landriano
7118:Comuneros
7104:Old World
7048:Joan Orpí
6768:Royalists
6542:Guatemala
6469:New Spain
6406:Venezuela
6381:Guatemala
6338:New Spain
6333:Columbian
6226:Exequatur
6126:Cape Juby
5980:Argentina
5803:New Spain
5737:Gibraltar
5501:Habsburgs
5335:Mythology
5310:Libraries
5230:Ottocento
5172:Terrorism
5113:Languages
5066:Education
4988:Transport
4938:Companies
4845:Provinces
4815:President
4780:Judiciary
4753:Elections
4665:Volcanoes
4660:Volcanism
4653:Apennines
4638:Mountains
4606:Peninsula
4589:Geography
4520:Civil War
4245:Byzantium
4152:Etruscans
4087:Canegrate
4082:Golasecca
4067:Rinaldone
4062:Terramare
4052:Neolithic
3684:Guastalla
3674:Benevento
3606:Republics
3461:Judicates
3309:Byzantine
2966:and other
2904:(585–698)
2896:(554–752)
2890:(554–752)
2884:(533–751)
2869:(584–751)
2820:(435–534)
2814:(493–553)
2808:(476–493)
2799:(476–774)
2733:Iapygians
2586:837985673
2328:Italia.it
1899:cite book
1893:. London.
1546:1707–1796
1530:1580–1700
1514:1395–1535
1484:in 1866.
1406:With the
1388:Philip II
1344:Polignano
1340:Gallipoli
1304:Charles V
1263:(today's
1214:Louis XII
1183:Louis XII
926:in 1337.
910:in 1335,
791:The 1422
758:Matteo II
737:in 1277.
680:in 1861.
336:1707–1796
326:1556–1707
316:1535–1796
306:1512–1515
279:1447–1450
163:Religion
76:1450–1796
74:1395–1447
8428:Category
8395:Timeline
8284:Minstrel
8279:Medicine
8161:Chivalry
8116:Burgundy
8038:Crusades
7669:Colombia
7654:Honduras
7567:Asomante
7552:Ayacucho
7542:Carabobo
7517:Curalaba
7294:Ceresole
7188:Gembloux
7148:Mühlberg
6863:Mariners
6721:Military
6643:Doubloon
6628:Maravedí
6572:Santiago
6479:Paraguay
6205:Germania
6045:Caroline
6000:Malvinas
5984:Paraguay
5944:Colombia
5886:Trinidad
5753:Sardinia
5593:Bourbons
5413:Category
5300:Internet
5290:Folklore
5220:Seicento
5205:Trecento
5200:Duecento
5162:Religion
5123:Regional
5101:Italians
5076:Gambling
4968:Taxation
4795:Military
4736:Politics
4538:Republic
4325:Florence
4250:Lombards
4189:Republic
4135:Samnites
4130:Picentes
4072:Apennine
4031:Railways
4011:Military
3959:By topic
3943:Overview
3927:articles
3643:Piedmont
3493:Oristano
3486:Logudoro
3476:Cagliari
3451:Sardinia
3184:Piedmont
2933:Holy See
2784:Medieval
2738:Picentes
2681:Samnites
2359:25 April
2353:Treccani
2333:25 April
2308:25 April
2302:Treccani
2282:25 April
2256:25 April
2250:Treccani
2230:25 April
2205:25 April
2199:Treccani
2179:25 April
2173:Treccani
2153:25 April
2147:Treccani
2127:25 April
2121:Treccani
2101:25 April
2095:Treccani
2075:25 April
2049:25 April
2043:Treccani
2023:25 April
1997:25 April
1991:Treccani
1850:25 April
1844:Treccani
1824:25 April
1798:25 April
1772:25 April
1746:25 April
1720:25 April
1576:Insubria
1570:See also
1488:Military
1364:Vigevano
1336:Monopoli
1332:Brindisi
1322:and the
1233:de facto
1063:Lombardy
973:(1388),
969:(1387),
965:(1387),
922:and the
916:Piacenza
906:and the
888:Vercelli
836:Piedmont
828:biscione
754:Giovanni
742:Matteo I
625:and the
597:Piedmont
593:Lombardy
375:Currency
257:Imperial
187:Princely
178:Milanese
8338:Related
8324:Warfare
8319:Theatre
8309:Slavery
8304:Science
8259:Hunting
8224:Cuisine
8197:Culture
8136:Castile
8131:England
7801:Asiento
7772:Mustang
7632:Yucatán
7627:Chiapas
7507:Tucapel
7339:Passaro
7289:Algiers
7279:Preveza
7248:Tetouan
7243:Vitoria
7233:Bitonto
7173:Antwerp
7168:Lepanto
7123:Bicocca
6599:Economy
6522:Charcas
6517:Caracas
6411:Yucatán
6282:Regidor
6267:Alcalde
6195:Cabildo
6102:Tripoli
6041:Mariana
5988:Charcas
5964:(Peru,
5948:Ecuador
5911:Bonaire
5906:Curazao
5891:Jamaica
5819:Florida
5370:Theatre
5345:Palaces
5325:Museums
5295:Gardens
5280:Fashion
5270:Cuisine
5250:Castles
5192:Culture
5142:Poverty
5118:Italian
5029:Society
5010:Welfare
4978:Tourism
4948:Exports
4916:Banking
4896:Economy
4884:Economy
4840:Regions
4722:Valleys
4692:Islands
4672:Beaches
4643:Prealps
4623:Geology
4611:Climate
4275:Normans
4235:Odoacer
4184:Kingdom
4167:Ligures
4103:Ancient
4077:Nuragic
4026:Postage
4001:Judaism
3991:Genetic
3981:Fashion
3976:Economy
3935:History
3724:Corsica
3714:Tuscany
3679:Etruria
3628:Liguria
3481:Gallura
3471:Arborea
3387:Lombard
3087:Tuscany
3077:Trieste
2713:Ligures
2674:Etruria
2541:Sources
2510:17 June
2485:17 June
2460:17 June
2435:17 June
2409:17 June
2384:17 June
1330:coast (
1328:Apulian
1267:). The
999:Bologna
995:Perugia
975:Belluno
967:Vicenza
951:Mondovì
939:Tortona
920:Brescia
892:Cremona
872:Bergamo
824:license
762:Bernabò
733:in the
684:History
601:Tuscany
546:Lombard
538:Italian
285:•
272:•
255:•
218:(first)
157:Italian
153:Lombard
139:Capital
65:Lombard
51:Italian
8418:Portal
8299:Poetry
8126:France
7779:Castas
7537:Boyacá
7512:Guiana
7502:Iguape
7426:Recife
7364:Mactan
7359:Annual
7324:Rocroi
7319:Leiden
7304:Djerba
7238:Bailén
7193:Ostend
7178:Azores
6773:Legión
6738:Tercio
6731:Armies
6633:Escudo
6562:Panamá
6557:Mexico
6552:Manila
6507:Bogotá
6292:Vecino
6287:Syndic
6118:Béjaïa
6078:Africa
6064:Tidore
5952:Panama
5916:Belize
5823:Mexico
5749:Sicily
5745:Naples
5707:Europe
5401:
5275:Design
5260:Cinema
5235:Anthem
5157:Racism
5106:People
5081:Health
4943:Energy
4933:Brands
4860:Comune
4855:Cities
4717:Rivers
4677:Canals
4360:Amalfi
4345:Venice
4204:Empire
4145:Veneti
4120:Latins
4092:Latial
3925:
3790:(1848)
3784:(1831)
3739:states
3704:Naples
3414:Norman
3221:Dogado
3092:Verona
3057:Mantua
3052:Istria
3032:Finale
3022:Ancona
2970:states
2790:states
2708:Veneti
2686:Latins
2603:22 May
2584:
2574:
2555:
1972:, ed.
1929:3 July
1695:1 July
1670:1 July
1620:1 July
1555:Rulers
1314:, the
1247:, the
1222:French
1203:Loches
1199:France
1195:Novara
1003:Assisi
971:Feltre
963:Verona
949:, and
912:Bormio
880:Novara
868:Ossola
848:Umbria
840:Veneto
816:Prague
806:, the
750:Azzone
603:, and
287:French
231:(last)
201:
61:
47:
33:
8329:Women
8289:Music
8244:Domes
8234:Dance
8121:Milan
7674:Chile
7642:Petén
7617:Aztec
7436:Bahia
7411:Penco
7401:Cusco
7329:Downs
7309:Tunis
7228:Ceuta
7213:Breda
7163:Malta
7143:Tunis
7138:Pavia
6652:Trade
6567:Quito
6532:Cusco
6371:Chile
6106:Tunis
6053:Palau
5970:Chile
5901:Aruba
5896:Haiti
5830:]
5759:Milan
5717:Spain
5360:Sport
5330:Music
5320:Media
5182:Women
5056:Crime
4921:Banks
4697:Lakes
4682:Caves
4633:Flora
4628:Fauna
4350:Genoa
4335:Milan
4330:Siena
4270:Arabs
4157:Celts
4140:Umbri
4016:Music
3986:Flags
3923:Italy
3840:Post-
3689:Italy
3633:Lucca
3623:Italy
3174:Savoy
3082:Turin
3062:Milan
3047:Ivrea
2723:Umbri
2696:Celts
1356:Trani
1348:Lecce
991:Siena
983:Lucca
979:Padua
935:Parma
900:Crema
876:Pavia
577:Savoy
521:Italy
493:1796:
475:1500:
457:1447:
440:1447:
422:1395:
387:soldo
143:Milan
37:Latin
7679:Inca
7622:Maya
7557:Guam
7490:Lost
7262:Lost
7183:Mons
6623:Real
6547:Lima
6434:Cuba
6376:Cuba
6348:Perú
6124:and
6122:Ifni
6114:Oran
6037:Guam
5966:Acre
5962:Peru
5872:Cuba
5751:and
5285:Flag
5015:Wine
5003:road
4998:rail
4829:List
4819:List
4648:Alps
4513:and
4355:Pisa
4125:Osci
4021:Name
4006:LGBT
3719:Elba
3648:Rome
3597:eras
3593:and
3566:Gozo
3365:Arab
3348:and
3027:Ceva
2691:Osci
2605:2023
2582:OCLC
2572:ISBN
2553:ISBN
2512:2024
2487:2024
2462:2024
2437:2024
2411:2024
2386:2024
2361:2024
2335:2024
2310:2024
2284:2024
2258:2024
2232:2024
2207:2024
2181:2024
2155:2024
2129:2024
2103:2024
2077:2024
2051:2024
2025:2024
1999:2024
1931:2020
1905:link
1852:2024
1826:2024
1800:2024
1774:2024
1748:2024
1722:2024
1697:2020
1672:2020
1647:2020
1622:2020
1563:and
1382:and
1378:The
1354:and
1352:Bari
1261:Como
1145:The
1099:Adda
1057:The
989:and
987:Pisa
947:Asti
904:Lodi
896:Como
874:and
764:and
532:The
385:and
383:lira
197:Duke
92:Flag
8214:Art
7384:Won
7111:Won
6219:Law
6116:,
5836:),
5817:),
5245:Art
4993:air
4785:Law
2786:and
846:to
838:to
818:by
8455::
6120:,
6112:,
6108:,
6104:,
6100:,
6096:,
6051:,
6047:,
6043:,
6039:,
6035:,
5998:,
5986:,
5982:,
5968:,
5954:,
5950:,
5946:,
5878:,
5874:,
5828:es
5821:,
5747:,
5484:,
2580:.
2503:.
2478:.
2453:.
2427:.
2402:.
2377:.
2351:.
2326:.
2300:.
2274:.
2248:.
2223:.
2197:.
2171:.
2145:.
2119:.
2093:.
2067:.
2041:.
2015:.
1989:.
1901:}}
1897:{{
1842:.
1816:.
1790:.
1764:.
1738:.
1713:.
1688:.
1663:.
1638:.
1613:.
1602:^
1350:,
1346:,
1342:,
1338:,
1334:,
1318:,
1169:.
1069:,
1049:.
985:,
945:,
941:,
902:,
898:,
862:,
858:,
854:,
772:.
760:,
748:,
744:,
657:.
618:.
607:.
548::
544:;
540::
381:,
7849:e
7842:t
7835:v
6128:)
6055:)
6031:(
6019:)
6002:)
5978:(
5972:)
5942:(
5882:)
5870:(
5840:)
5805:(
5755:)
5447:e
5440:t
5433:v
4831:)
4827:(
4821:)
4817:(
3915:e
3908:t
3901:v
2647:e
2640:t
2633:v
2607:.
2588:.
2561:.
2514:.
2489:.
2464:.
2439:.
2413:.
2388:.
2363:.
2337:.
2312:.
2286:.
2260:.
2234:.
2209:.
2183:.
2157:.
2131:.
2105:.
2079:.
2053:.
2027:.
2001:.
1933:.
1907:)
1854:.
1828:.
1802:.
1776:.
1750:.
1724:.
1699:.
1674:.
1649:.
1624:.
536:(
67:)
63:(
53:)
49:(
39:)
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
