120:. Exercise in water can also prevent overheating through continuous cooling of the body. Older people are more prone to arthritis, osteoporosis, and weak joints, therefore water aerobics is the safest form of exercise for these conditions. Research studies can teach us about the benefits the elderly can receive by participating in water aerobics. In a study done in Brazil, “Effects of water-based exercise in obese older women: Impact of short-term follow-up study on anthropometric, functional fitness and quality of life parameters” the effects of long-term water aerobics was tested. Although it did not conclude exactly as planned, their test subjects did experience improved aerobic capacity, muscle endurance, and better overall life quality. The water also provides a stable environment for elderly with less balance control and therefore prevents injury.
69:
105:
joints. In fact, before water aerobics water, injury therapy used the benefits of water. The water also helps to reduce lactic acid buildup. Another obvious benefit to water exercise is the cooling effect of the water on the system. With the average temperature in a group fitness pool being around 78 degrees F (26 °C) , this temperature will force the body to burn calories to stay at homeostasis while also maintaining a cool, comfortable atmosphere with less sweat noticeable to the participant.
950:
109:
20:
960:
129:
seen that not as many calories are burned as would be in some other activities. Though aquatic activities in general expend more energy than many land-based activities performed at the same pace due to the increased resistance of water, the speed with which movements can be performed is greatly reduced.
42:
typically in waist deep or deeper water. Water aerobics is a form of aerobic exercise that requires water-immersed participants. Most water aerobics is in a group fitness class setting with a trained professional teaching for about an hour. The classes focus on aerobic endurance, resistance training,
128:
Water aerobics has a few disadvantages from a practicality standpoint. Aqua aerobics requires access to a swimming pool via facilities, and in addition to any membership fees to access facilities, classes may cost extra. Although aquatic exercise greatly reduces the risk of injury, it is typically
55:
While similar to land aerobics, in that it focuses on cardiac training, water aerobics differs in that it adds the component of water resistance and buoyancy. Although heart rate does not increase as much as in land-based aerobics, the heart is working just as hard, and underwater exercise actually
104:
According to Moreno (1996) and her quotes from Huey, an
Olympic athlete trainer, the benefits of water resistance training include the activation of opposing muscle groups for a balanced workout. The push and pull of the water allows both increased muscle training and a built-in safety barrier for
84:
and water pole dancing. Water aerobics is beneficial to a multitude of participants because the density of the water allows easy mobility for those with arthritis, obesity, and other conditions. Further, it is an effective way for people of all ages to incorporate aerobics and muscle-strengthening
100:
Most land-based aerobic exercisers do not incorporate strength training into their schedules, and therefore, adding aquatic exercise can greatly improve their health. As stated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (2018), “Adults should also do muscle-strengthening activities of
359:
Rica, Roberta
Luksevicius; Carneiro, Renata Meireles Mendes; Serra, Andrey Jorge; Rodriguez, Daniel; Junior, Francisco L. Pontes; Bocalini, Danilo Sales (2013). "Effects of water-based exercise in obese older women: Impact of short-term follow-up study on anthropometric, functional fitness and
59:
Exercising in the water is not only aerobic, but also strength-training oriented due to the water resistance. Moving your body through the water creates a resistance that will activate muscle groups. Hydro aerobics is a form of an aerobic exercise that requires water-immersed participants.
101:
moderate or greater intensity and that involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week, as these activities provide additional health benefits.” Over time, water aerobics can lead to a reduction of blood pressure and resting heart rate, which will improve health overall.
310:
88:
The performance of movement while suspended in water where the feet cannot touch the bottom surface, resulting in a non-impact, high-resistant, total body exercise workout, is known as
440:
85:
into their weekly exercise schedule. Most classes last for 45–55 minutes. People do not even have to be strong swimmers to participate in water aerobics.
314:
205:
Taunton, J. E.; Rhodes, E. C.; Wolski, L. A.; Donelly, M.; Warren, J.; Elliot, J.; McFarlane, L.; Leslie, J.; Mitchell, J.; Lauridsen, B. (1996).
285:
207:"Effect of land-based and water-based fitness programs on the cardiovascular fitness, strength and flexibility of women aged 65-75 years"
447:
610:
557:
116:
The mitigation of gravity makes water aerobics safe for individuals able to keep their heads out of water, including the
268:
963:
684:
603:
989:
984:
576:
433:
737:
43:
and creating an enjoyable atmosphere with music. Different forms of water aerobics include: aqua
747:
999:
994:
953:
879:
667:
596:
516:
485:
335:
187:
154:
490:
846:
627:
619:
531:
68:
8:
874:
799:
645:
385:
144:
30:(waterobics, aquarobics, aquatic fitness, aquafitness, aquafit) is the performance of
869:
920:
377:
373:
264:
234:
226:
389:
311:"EFFECTS OF A 24-WEEK DEEP WATER AEROBIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS"
899:
889:
784:
662:
562:
480:
369:
218:
149:
92:. Benefits of this method include less stress on the back, hips, knees and ankles.
257:
925:
824:
456:
403:
191:
789:
769:
742:
640:
526:
521:
39:
588:
978:
859:
764:
230:
80:
New aquatic formats are arising into the exercise world, with ideas such as:
35:
283:
935:
819:
804:
779:
727:
707:
697:
652:
547:
381:
206:
81:
73:
238:
915:
864:
831:
814:
809:
754:
732:
702:
635:
475:
138:
894:
854:
657:
159:
222:
930:
495:
339:
836:
722:
108:
31:
425:
794:
774:
759:
717:
692:
552:
117:
19:
884:
470:
712:
500:
44:
358:
204:
286:"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition"
112:
A water aerobics class incorporating flotation devices.
186:. Vol. 14, no. 3. Sherman Oaks. p. 30.
284:
U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (2018).
50:
256:
976:
308:
618:
604:
441:
254:
182:Moreno, Bobbi (May 1996). "Making a Splash".
177:
175:
23:A water aerobics class at an Aquatic Centre.
250:
248:
47:, water yoga, aqua aerobics, and aqua jog.
38:. It is done mostly vertically and without
611:
597:
448:
434:
362:Geriatrics & Gerontology International
172:
527:Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
141:, a similar program for surgical patients
245:
107:
67:
18:
333:
977:
181:
63:
592:
429:
959:
558:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
455:
13:
51:Variation from land-based aerobics
14:
1011:
421:
404:"Calories Burned During Exercise"
263:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
958:
949:
948:
374:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00889.x
123:
309:Piotrowska-Calka, E.E. (2010).
56:pumps more blood to the heart.
396:
352:
334:Duxbury, Andrew (2006-02-28).
327:
302:
277:
198:
1:
360:quality of life parameters".
165:
7:
620:Water sports and activities
132:
95:
10:
1016:
944:
908:
845:
683:
626:
571:
540:
509:
463:
406:. nutristrategy.com. 2007
16:Type of aerobic exercise
870:Outrigger canoe racing
255:White, Martha (1995).
113:
77:
34:in water such as in a
24:
880:Synchronized swimming
486:Bad Ragaz Ring Method
155:Synchronised swimming
111:
71:
22:
532:Relaxation technique
875:Synchronized diving
685:Activities on water
628:Activities in water
90:deep water aerobics
64:Variation of format
865:Dragon boat racing
145:Underwater cycling
114:
78:
25:
972:
971:
921:Modern pentathlon
586:
585:
223:10.1159/000213794
1007:
990:Aerobic exercise
962:
961:
952:
951:
900:Water volleyball
890:Water basketball
613:
606:
599:
590:
589:
563:Physical therapy
481:Aquatic aerobics
450:
443:
436:
427:
426:
415:
414:
412:
411:
400:
394:
393:
356:
350:
349:
347:
346:
331:
325:
324:
322:
321:
315:Biology of Sport
306:
300:
299:
297:
296:
281:
275:
274:
262:
252:
243:
242:
202:
196:
195:
184:American Fitness
179:
150:Swimming (sport)
32:aerobic exercise
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1004:
985:Aquatic therapy
975:
974:
973:
968:
940:
904:
841:
679:
622:
617:
587:
582:
567:
536:
505:
491:Burdenko Method
459:
457:Aquatic therapy
454:
424:
419:
418:
409:
407:
402:
401:
397:
357:
353:
344:
342:
336:"Water Fitness"
332:
328:
319:
317:
307:
303:
294:
292:
282:
278:
271:
253:
246:
203:
199:
180:
173:
168:
135:
126:
98:
66:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1013:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
970:
969:
967:
966:
956:
945:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
910:
906:
905:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
851:
849:
843:
842:
840:
839:
834:
829:
828:
827:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
790:Stone skipping
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
751:
750:
743:Paddleboarding
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
689:
687:
681:
680:
678:
677:
675:Water aerobics
672:
671:
670:
660:
655:
650:
649:
648:
638:
632:
630:
624:
623:
616:
615:
608:
601:
593:
584:
583:
581:
580:
572:
569:
568:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
544:
542:
541:Related topics
538:
537:
535:
534:
529:
524:
522:Proprioception
519:
513:
511:
507:
506:
504:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
467:
465:
461:
460:
453:
452:
445:
438:
430:
423:
422:External links
420:
417:
416:
395:
368:(1): 209–214.
351:
326:
301:
276:
269:
259:Water exercise
244:
217:(4): 204–210.
197:
170:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
134:
131:
125:
122:
97:
94:
65:
62:
52:
49:
28:Water aerobics
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1012:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
980:
965:
957:
955:
947:
946:
943:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:Sailing races
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
907:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Dinghy racing
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
833:
830:
826:
823:
822:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Riverboarding
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
688:
686:
682:
676:
673:
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
647:
644:
643:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
614:
609:
607:
602:
600:
595:
594:
591:
579:
578:
574:
573:
570:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
543:
539:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
512:
508:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
466:
462:
458:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
432:
431:
428:
405:
399:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
355:
341:
337:
330:
316:
312:
305:
291:
287:
280:
272:
270:0-87322-726-3
266:
261:
260:
251:
249:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
201:
193:
189:
185:
178:
176:
171:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
130:
124:Disadvantages
121:
119:
110:
106:
102:
93:
91:
86:
83:
75:
70:
61:
57:
48:
46:
41:
37:
36:swimming pool
33:
29:
21:
1000:Water sports
995:Hydrotherapy
936:Yacht racing
909:Competitions
820:Water skiing
805:Wakeboarding
780:Skimboarding
738:Kneeboarding
728:Kiteboarding
708:Cable skiing
698:Bodyboarding
674:
668:synchronized
653:Scuba diving
646:synchronized
575:
548:Hydrotherapy
476:Aqua running
408:. Retrieved
398:
365:
361:
354:
343:. Retrieved
329:
318:. Retrieved
304:
293:. Retrieved
289:
279:
258:
214:
210:
200:
183:
127:
115:
103:
99:
89:
87:
82:aqua cycling
79:
74:Aqua cycling
58:
54:
27:
26:
916:Boat racing
847:Team sports
832:Windsurfing
815:Wakesurfing
810:Wakeskating
755:Parasailing
733:Kiteboating
703:Bodysurfing
636:Aquajogging
517:Dive reflex
211:Gerontology
139:Aquajogging
979:Categories
895:Water polo
855:Canoe polo
658:Snorkeling
464:Techniques
410:2008-01-07
345:2008-01-07
320:2013-11-10
295:2021-11-17
290:health.gov
166:References
160:Water polo
931:Triathlon
496:Halliwick
340:About.com
231:0304-324X
192:212429370
954:Category
837:Yachting
825:barefoot
785:Skurfing
723:Kayaking
713:Canoeing
663:Swimming
577:Category
510:Concepts
390:10343236
382:22694304
188:ProQuest
133:See also
96:Benefits
40:swimming
964:Commons
795:Surfing
775:Sailing
760:Rafting
748:standup
718:Fishing
693:Boating
553:Massage
239:8832268
118:elderly
885:Waboba
800:Tubing
770:Rowing
641:Diving
471:Ai Chi
388:
380:
267:
237:
229:
190:
501:Watsu
386:S2CID
76:class
45:Zumba
378:PMID
265:ISBN
235:PMID
227:ISSN
370:doi
219:doi
72:An
981::
384:.
376:.
366:13
364:.
338:.
313:.
288:.
247:^
233:.
225:.
215:42
213:.
209:.
174:^
612:e
605:t
598:v
449:e
442:t
435:v
413:.
392:.
372::
348:.
323:.
298:.
273:.
241:.
221::
194:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.