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constantly move with changes in temperatures, putting stress on the waterproofing systems. One of the leading causes of waterproof deck system failures is the movement of underlying substrates (plywood) that cause too much stress on the membranes resulting in a failure of the system. While beyond the scope of this reference document, waterproofing of decks and balconies is a complex of many complimentary elements. These include the waterproofing membrane used, adequate slope-drainage, proper flashing details, and proper construction materials.
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516:. This is suitable for protection against light rain, but after a short time water will penetrate. A water-resistant garment is similar, perhaps slightly more resistant to water but also not rated to resist a specific hydrostatic head. A garment described as waterproof will have a water-repellent coating, with the seams also taped to prevent water ingress there. Better waterproof garments have a
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and corrosion but encapsulation is needed to become truly waterproof. Even though it is possible to find waterproof wrapping or other types of protective cases for electronic devices, a new technology enabled the release of diverse waterproof smartphones and tablets in 2013. This method is based on a special
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Waterproof packaging or other types of protective cases for electronic devices can be found. A new technology enabled the release of various waterproof smartphones and tablets in 2013. A study from 2013 found that nano-textured surfaces using cone shapes produce highly water-repellent surfaces. These
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Waterproofing methods have been implemented in many types of objects, including paper packaging, cosmetics, and more recently, consumer electronics. Electronic devices used in military and severe commercial environments are routinely conformally coated in accordance with IPC-CC-830 to resist moisture
390:
Another specialized area of waterproofing is rooftop decks and balconies. Waterproofing systems have become quite sophisticated and are a very specialized area. Failed waterproof decks, whether made of polymer or tile, are one of the leading causes of water damage to building structures and personal
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work within the matrix of a concrete structure, giving the concrete itself a waterproof quality. There are two main types of integral waterproofing systems: the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic systems. A hydrophilic system typically uses a crystallization technology that replaces the water in the
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is used for many products, each of them has a very specific area of application, and when manufacturer specifications and installation procedures are not followed, the consequences can be severe. Another factor is the impact of expansion and contraction on waterproofing systems for decks. Decks
352:
Tanking: This is waterproofing used where the below-ground structure will be sitting in the water table continuously or periodically. This causes hydrostatic pressure on both the membrane and structure and requires full encapsulation of the basement structure in a
367:(DPM) to the walls with a polythene DPM under the slab. With higher grade DPM, some protection from short-term Hydrostatic pressure can be gained by transitioning the higher quality wall DPM to the slab polythene under the footing, rather than at the footing face.
363:: This is waterproofing used where the water table is lower than the structure and there is good free-draining fill. The membrane deals with the shedding of water and the ingress of water vapor only, with no hydrostatic pressure. Generally, this incorporates a
146:
is the process of making an object, person or structure waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions. Such items may be used in wet environments or
554:
coating a thousand times thinner than a human hair which protects electronic equipment from damage due to the penetration of water. Several manufacturers use the nano coating method on their smartphones, tablets, and digital cameras.
512:. Typical descriptions are "showerproof", "water resistant", and "waterproof". These terms are not precisely defined. A showerproof garment will usually be treated with a water-resisting coating, but is not rated to resist a specific
426:
concrete with insoluble crystals. Various brands available in the market claim similar properties, but not all can react with a wide range of cement hydration by-products and thus require caution. Hydrophobic systems use
840:
Checco, Antonio; Atikur Rahman; Charles T. Black (October 21, 2013). "Robust
Superhydrophobicity in Large-Area Nanostructured Surfaces Defined by Block-Copolymer Self Assembly".
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waterproof garment would retain body sweat and become clammy. Waterproof garments specify their hydrostatic rating, ranging from 1,500 for light rain, to 20,000 for heavy rain.
235:
In construction, a building or structure is waterproofed with the use of membranes and coatings to protect contents and structural integrity. The waterproofing of the
930:
Checco, Antonio; Atikur Rahman; Charles T. Black (2014). "Robust
Superhydrophobicity in Large-Area Nanostructured Surfaces Defined by Block-Copolymer Self Assembly".
470:
The standards for waterproofing bathrooms in domestic construction have improved over the years, due in large part to the general tightening of building codes.
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and sometimes waterproof. Roofing materials are generally designed to be water-resistant and shed water from a sloping roof, but in some conditions, such as
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injury when they fail. Where major problems occur in the construction industry is when improper products are used for the wrong application. While the term
600:
ASTM D779 – Standard Test Method for
Determining the Water Vapor Resistance of Sheet Materials in Contact with Liquid Water by the Dry Indicator Method
387:
growth, causing significant damage and air quality issues. Properly waterproofing foundation walls is required to prevent deterioration and seepage.
744:
597:
C1127 – Standard Guide for Use of High Solids
Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface
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can also be made waterproof by using a variety of methods including but not limited to, the application of beeswax, waterproofing spray, or
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Waterproof garments are intended for use in weather conditions which are often windy as well as wet and are usually also wind resistant.
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From the late 1990s to the 2010s, the construction industry has had technological advances in waterproofing materials, including
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The penetrations through a building envelope must be built in a way such that water does not enter the building, such as using
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ASTM D2099 – Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester
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Sometimes the same materials used to keep water out of buildings are used to keep water in, such as a pool or
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often refer to resistance to penetration of water in its liquid state and possibly under pressure, whereas
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456:-based materials that are very adhesive to create a seamless barrier around the outside of a structure.
383:, too much humidity can be a potential problem, so waterproofing is critical. Water seepage can lead to
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278:, the roofing must be waterproof. Many types of waterproof membrane systems are available, including
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ASTM D7281 – Standard Test Method for
Determining Water Migration Resistance Through Roof Membranes
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Within the waterproofing industry, below-ground waterproofing is generally divided into two areas:
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is another aspect of waterproofing. Masonry walls are built with a damp-proof course to prevent
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D6135 – Standard
Practice for Application of Self-Adhering Modified Bituminous Waterproofing
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using cone forms produce highly water-repellent surfaces. These nanocone textures are
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BS.8102:2009 – "Protection of Below Ground
Structures against Water from the Ground".
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Walls are not subjected to standing water, and the water-resistant membranes used as
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and jackets are used; for outdoor activities in rough weather there is a range of
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New membrane materials seek to overcome shortcomings in older methods like
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910:"Nano-cone textures generate extremely 'robust' water-repellent surfaces"
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lining designed to keep water out but allow trapped moisture to escape ("
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are designed to be porous enough to let moisture escape. Walls also have
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26:"Water protection" redirects here. For the environmental activism, see
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Process of making an object or structure waterproof or water-resistant
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ASTM D3393 – Standard
Specification for Coated Fabrics Waterproofness
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Waterproofing is used in reference to building structures (such as
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The hulls of boats and ships were once waterproofed by applying
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and more advanced membrane materials. Integral systems such as
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to block pores within the concrete, preventing water passage.
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sheeting is commonly used), or an additive to the concrete.
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Waterproofing conducted on the exterior of a freeway tunnel
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U.S. Department of Energy/Brookhaven
National Laboratory.
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624:– Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
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are durable, but many are unreliable for waterproofing.
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and special fittings for pipes, vents, wires, etc. Some
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205:, decks, or wet areas), watercraft, canvas, clothing (
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are available to control water, gases, or pollution.
251:, and includes roofing and waterproofing materials.
341:membrane (even under the concrete slab floor where
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63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
175:through a material or structure is reported as a
19:"Waterproof" redirects here. For other uses, see
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718:Lucy Shakespeare, 09-09-2016 (9 October 2016).
239:in construction specifications is listed under
167:refers to resistance to humidity or dampness.
884:"Waterproof phones and tablets make a splash"
783:"Waterproof phones and tablets make a splash"
562:A water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface
463:, since roofing cannot necessarily withstand
743:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
585:"nanocone" textures are superhydrophobic.
459:Waterproofing should not be confused with
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
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375:Waterproofing with two component system
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249:Construction Specifications Institute
630:– Horology — Water-resistant watches
241:07 - Thermal and Moisture Protection
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576:(extremely water-hating).
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759:"How to Waterproof Shoes"
488:A wax coating makes this
467:while waterproofing can.
450:high-density polyethylene
647:Bituminous waterproofing
566:A 2013 study found that
296:bituminous waterproofing
657:Durable water repellent
357:, under slab and walls.
952:10.1002/adma.201304006
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339:basement waterproofing
231:Basement waterproofing
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992:at Wikimedia Commons
568:nanotextured surfaces
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225:Further information:
151:to specified depths.
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817:(October 21, 2013).
688:Water Resistant mark
683:Truscon Laboratories
410:Also, many types of
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1010:Physical quantities
1005:Moisture protection
944:2014AdM....26..886C
652:Building insulation
379:In buildings using
365:damp proof membrane
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842:Advanced Materials
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55:Please help
50:verification
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825:October 22,
795:October 28,
490:Manila hemp
474:In clothing
439:pond liners
432:fatty acids
335:rising damp
300:EPDM rubber
272:ice damming
999:Categories
916:2021-02-04
894:2021-02-04
768:2020-04-14
705:References
492:waterproof
448:(PVC) and
393:waterproof
319:housewraps
280:felt paper
276:flat roofs
169:Permeation
164:damp proof
159:waterproof
149:underwater
83:newspapers
665:(used on
622:IEC 60529
589:Standards
506:raincoats
405:caulkings
284:tar paper
207:raincoats
203:basements
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960:24142578
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739:cite web
635:See also
628:ISO 2281
539:mink oil
535:Footwear
518:membrane
498:garments
430:or even
401:flashing
179:(MVTR).
940:Bibcode
763:wikiHow
673:Sika AG
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526:totally
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288:asphalt
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