We Shall Overcome - Knowledge

722: 294:, that, no matter who made them, they were soon attributed to the minister of the parish whence they sprang. And I always wondered, about these, whether they had always a conscious and definite origin in some leading mind, or whether they grew by gradual accretion, in an almost unconscious way. On this point, I could get no information, though I asked many questions, until at last, one day when I was being rowed across from Beaufort to Ladies' Island, I found myself, with delight, on the actual trail of a song. One of the oarsmen, a brisk young fellow, not a soldier, on being asked for his theory of the matter, dropped out a coy confession. "Some good spirituals," he said, "are start jess out o' curiosity. I been a-raise a sing, myself, once." 422:, about how much the song had stuck with him. When, in 1959, Guy Carawan succeeded Horton as music director at Highlander, he reintroduced it at the school. It was the young (many of them teenagers) student-activists at Highlander, however, who gave the song the words and rhythms for which it is currently known, when they sang it to keep their spirits up during the frightening police raids on Highlander and their subsequent stays in jail in 1959–1960. Because of this, Carawan has been reluctant to claim credit for the song's widespread popularity. In the PBS video 1078:

Music, and Hollis Music, holds the publishers' rights, to 50% of the royalty earnings. Seeger explained that he registered the copyright under the advice of TRO, who showed concern that someone else could register it. "At that time we didn't know Lucille Simmons' name", Seeger said. Their royalties go to the "We Shall Overcome" Fund, administered by Highlander under the trusteeship of the "writers". Such funds are purportedly used to give small grants for cultural expression involving African Americans organizing in the U.S. South.

30: 322:", also known as "The Sicilian Mariners Hymn", first published by a London magazine in 1792 and then by an American magazine in 1794 and widely circulated in American hymnals. The second half of "We Shall Overcome" is essentially the same music as the 19th-century hymn "I'll Be All Right". As Victor Bobetsky summarized in his 2015 book on the subject: "'We Shall Overcome' owes its existence to many ancestors and to the constant change and adaptation that is typical of the folk music process." 370:, a founding member of People's Songs and its director for three years, learned it from Horton's version in 1947. Seeger writes: "I changed it to 'We shall'... I think I liked a more open sound; 'We will' has alliteration to it, but 'We shall' opens the mouth wider; the 'i' in 'will' is not an easy vowel to sing well ...." Seeger also added some verses ("We'll walk hand in hand" and "The whole wide world around"). 537:

valley shall be exalted. And every mountain and hill shall be made low. The rough places will be made plain and the crooked places straight. And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together. This will be a great day. This will be a marvelous hour. And at that moment—figuratively speaking in biblical words—the morning stars will sing together and the sons of God will shout for joy

57: 5118: 381:("Labor's Troubador"), and the Elm City Four. (Songs on the album were: "I Ain't No Stranger Now", "Too Old to Work", "That's All", "Humblin' Back", "Shine on Me", "Great Day", "The Mill Was Made of Marble", and "We Will Overcome".) During a Southern CIO drive, Glazer taught the song to country singer Texas Bill Strength, who cut a version that was later picked up by 4-Star Records. 2617:... is a record of the 1961 protest in Albany, Georgia, when, two weeks before Christmas, 737 people brought the town nearly to a halt to force its integration. The record's never been reissued and that's a shame, as it's a moving document of a community through its protest songs, church services, and experiences in the thick of the civil rights struggle."—Nathan Salsburg, host, 255:, using pentatonic intervals, with ample space allowed for improvised interpolation, the addition of "blue" thirds and sevenths, and frequently featuring short refrains in which the congregation could join. Tindley's importance, however, was primarily as a lyricist and poet whose words spoke directly to the feelings of his audiences, many of whom had been freed from 59: 63: 62: 58: 64: 2535:, Folkways Records, produced by Guy and Candie Carawan, and the Highlander Center. Field recordings from 1960 to 1988, with the Freedom Singers, Birmingham Movement Choir, Georgia Sea Island Singers, Doc Reese, Phil Ochs, Pete Seeger, Len Chandler, and many others. Smithsonian-Folkways CD version 1990. 536:

With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to speed up the day. And in the words of prophecy, every

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states: "Last year at a strike, we opened every meeting with a prayer, and singing that good old song, 'We Will Overcome'." This statement implied that the song was well-known, and it was also the first acknowledgment of such a song having been sung in both a secular context and a mixed-race setting.

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Tindley's "I'll Overcome Some Day" was believed to have influenced the structure for "We Shall Overcome", with both the text and the melody having undergone a process of alteration. The tune has been changed so that it now echoes the opening and closing melody of "No More Auction Block For Me", also

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The United Mine Workers was racially integrated from its founding and was notable for having a large black presence, particularly in Alabama and West Virginia. The Alabama branch, whose membership was three-quarters black, in particular, met with fierce, racially-based resistance during a strike in

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that had been composed in the 1930s and had its copyright registered in 1954. The WSOF lawsuit did not invoke this theory, focusing instead on the original belief that the song stemmed from "We Will Overcome". The lawyer backing Gamboa's suit, Mark C. Rifkin, was previously involved in a case that

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by Zilphia Horton, Guy Carawan, Frank Hamilton, and Pete Seeger, of a work entitled "I'll Overcome", with no known original author. Horton's heirs, Carawan, Hamilton, and Seeger share the artists' half of the rights, and The Richmond Organization (TRO), which includes Ludlow Music, Essex, Folkways

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publication containing "We Will Overcome" had therefore expired in 1976. Additionally, it was argued that the registered copyrights only covered specific arrangements of the tune and "obscure alternate verses", that the registered works "did not contain original works of authorship, except to the

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From the sleeve notes to Bob Dylan's "Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3" – "...it was Pete Seeger who first identified Dylan's adaptation of the melody of this song for the composition of "Blowin' in the Wind". Indeed, Dylan himself was to admit the debt in 1978, when he told journalist Marc Rowland:

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education. But Septima Clarke, a Charleston schoolteacher (who was director of education at Highlander and after the civil rights movement was elected year after year to the Charleston, S.C. Board of Education) always preferred 'shall.' It sings better." He also reaffirmed that the decision to

300:"Once we boys," he said, "went for to tote some rice, and de nigger-driver, he keep a-calling on us; and I say, 'O, de ole nigger-driver!' Den another said, 'First thing my mammy told me was, notin' so bad as a nigger-driver.' Den I made a sing, just puttin' a word, and den another word." 61: 507:

We shall overcome. We shall overcome. Deep in my heart I do believe we shall overcome. And I believe it because somehow the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice. We shall overcome because Carlyle is right; "no lie can live forever". We shall overcome because

690:, with special emphasis on the phrase 'I do believe.' This song's message of hope gave protesters strength to carry on until the powers-that-be themselves finally gave up hope themselves. In the Prague of 1964, Seeger was stunned to find himself being whistled and booed by crowds of 65: 259:

only 36 years before he first published his songs, and were often impoverished, illiterate, and newly arrived in the North. "Even today," wrote musicologist Horace Boyer in 1983, "ministers quote his texts in the midst of their sermons as if they were poems, as indeed they are."

2683:. Excerpt: "Key folk songs in the catalog, as arranged by a number of folklorists, are 'We Shall Overcome,' 'Kisses Sweeter Than Wine' 'On Top Of Old Smokey,' 'So Long, It's Been Good To Know You,' 'Goodnight Irene,' 'If I Had A Hammer,' 'Tom Dooley,' and 'Rock Island Line.'" 1098:. The WSOF was working on a documentary about the song and its history, and were denied permission to use the song by TRO-Ludlow. The suit sought to have the copyright status of the song clarified, and the return of all royalties collected by the companies from its usage. 354:(later Highlander Research and Education Center), said she learned it from Simmons. Horton was Highlander's music director during 1935–1956, and it became her custom to end group meetings each evening by leading this, her favorite song. During the presidential campaign of 1156:

On January 26, 2018, TRO-Ludlow agreed to a final settlement, under which it would no longer claim copyright over the melody or lyrics to "We Shall Overcome". In addition, TRO-Ludlow agreed that the melody and lyrics were thereafter dedicated to the public domain.

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of "We Shall Overcome," based on a recording of Pete Seeger's version, sung with the SNCC Freedom Singers on the 1963 live Carnegie Hall recording, and the 1988 version by Pete Seeger sung at a reunion concert with Pete and the Freedom Singers on the anthology,

346:. To keep up their spirits during the cold, wet winter of 1945–1946, one of the strikers, a woman named Lucille Simmons, led a slow "long meter style" version of the gospel hymn, "We'll Overcome (I'll Be All Right)" to end each day's picketing. Union organizer 2493:(1968), reprinted in a single edition. The book includes a major new introduction by Guy and Candie Carawan, words and music to the songs, important documentary photographs, and firsthand accounts by participants in the civil rights movement. Available from 783:. As the audience became upset, Friggebo tried to calm them down by proposing everyone sing "We Shall Overcome". This statement is widely regarded as one of the most embarrassing moments in Swedish politics. In 2008, the newspaper 1107:

copyright the song was a defensive measure, with his publisher apparently warning him that "if you don't copyright this now, some Hollywood types will have a version out next year like 'Come on Baby, We shall overcome tonight

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of the Southern District of New York issued an opinion that there were insufficient differences between the first verse of the "We Shall Overcome" lyrics registered by TRO-Ludlow, and the "We Will Overcome" lyrics from

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Then he began singing, and the men, after listening a moment, joined in the chorus as if it were an old acquaintance, though they evidently had never heard it before. I saw how easily a new "sing" took root among

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The suit acknowledged that Seeger himself had not claimed to be an author of the song, stating of the song in his autobiography, "No one is certain who changed 'will' to 'shall.' It could have been me with my

495:, King recited the words from "We Shall Overcome" in his final sermon, delivered in Memphis on Sunday, March 31. He had done so in a similar sermon he gave previously in 1965 to an interfaith congregation at 1085:

that was denied permission to use the song in a documentary on its history. The suit alleged that the TRO-Ludlow copyright claims were invalid because the copyright had not been renewed as required by

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Boyer, , p. 113. "Tindley was a composer for whom the lyrics constituted its major element; while the melody and were handled with care, these elements were regarded as subservient to the text."

1128:, he notably disputed the song's claimed origins and copyright registration with an alternate theory, suggesting that "We Shall Overcome" was actually derived from "If My Jesus Wills", a hymn by 282:

of June 1867, with a comment by Higginson reflecting on how such songs were composed (i.e., whether the work of a single author or through what used to be called "communal composition"):

2199: 315:". Thus similarities of melodic and rhythmic patterns imparted cultural and emotional resonance ("the same feeling") towards three different, and historically very significant songs. 1388:"Blowin' in the Wind" has always been spiritual. I took it off a song called "No More Auction Block" – that's a spiritual, and "Blowin' in the Wind sorta follows the same feeling..." 1641: 446:

and civil rights activism. Seeger has also publicly, in concert, credited Carawan with the primary role of teaching and popularizing the song within the civil rights movement.

2386: 2116: 414:, visited Highlander in the early 1950s where they also would have heard Zilphia Horton sing the song. In 1957, Seeger sang for a Highlander audience that included Dr. 39: 1918: 4871: 3151: 949: 1690:

From the first King had liked to cite these same inspiration passages. "The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice" is from the writings of

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contained a summary on the purported history of the song, stating that "We Shall Overcome" was "probably adapted from the 19th-century hymn, 'I'll Be All Right

2503:: Julius Lester, editorial assistant. Ethel Raim, music editor: Additional musical transcriptions: Joseph Byrd Guy Carawan. New York: Oak Publications, 1963. 4649: 2299: 1946: 2814: 2541:. 2-disc set, includes the full concert, starring Pete Seeger, with the Freedom Singers, Columbia # 45312, 1989. Re-released 1997 by Sony as a box CD set. 698:. But those same crowds had loved and adopted his rendition of 'We Shall Overcome.' History is full of such ironies – if only you are willing to see them. 4943: 4791: 591:, facing a mounting torrent of criticism for not moving fast enough on civil rights enforcement in the 1980s, sang "We Shall Overcome" hand in hand with 1283: 741:

included "We Shall Overcome" on the "NPR 100" list of most important American songs of the 20th century. As a reference to the line, in 2009, after the

5212: 5103: 2485:: Compiled and edited by Guy and Candie Carawan; foreword by Julian Bond (New South Books, 2007), comprising two classic collections of freedom songs: 2361: 1055:

released their version of the song as a single and music video in 2022. Their version can also be found on the expanded edition of their 2021 album,

1149:(specifically, the aforementioned replacement of "will" with "shall", and changing "down in my heart" to "deep in my heart") for it to qualify as a 191:(TRO) asserted a copyright on the "We Shall Overcome" lyrics, registered in 1960. In 2017, in response to a lawsuit against TRO over allegations of 195:, a U.S. judge issued an opinion that the registered work was insufficiently different from the "We Will Overcome" lyrics that had fallen into the 176:

and helped make it widely known. Since its rise to prominence, the song, and songs based on it, have been used in a variety of protests worldwide.

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of Monteagle, Tennessee—an adult education school that trained union organizers. She taught it to many others, including People's Songs director

366:, with an introduction by Horton saying that she had learned it from the interracial FTA-CIO workers and had found it to be extremely powerful. 4948: 480:, himself a Southerner, used the phrase "we shall overcome" in addressing Congress on March 15, 1965, in a speech delivered after the violent " 2326: 4856: 3189: 3108: 846:" which became a popular patriotic/spiritual song during the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in schools. This song also came to be used by the 339: 318:

Music scholars have also pointed out that the first half of "We Shall Overcome" bears a notable resemblance to the famous lay Catholic hymn "

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the Unitarian abolitionist minister who was King's favorite theologian. Compare the transcript of this 1957 speech given in Washington, D.C.

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civil rights activism. It quickly became the movement's unofficial anthem. Seeger and other famous folksingers in the early 1960s, such as

1521: 5177: 4826: 4821: 4609: 4591: 3323: 3227: 2645:, recorded in the field 1960–88 and edited and annotated by Guy and Candie Carawan, released in 1990 as Smithsonian-Folkways CD SF 40032. 1745: 1645: 2524: 5192: 3372: 3069: 2273: 2547:. Box CD set, with the Freedom Singers, Fanny Lou Hammer, and Bernice Johnson Reagon. Smithsonian-Folkways CD ASIN: B000001DJT (1997). 4928: 3479: 3176: 2651:

including full streaming versions of Pete Seeger's classic 1963 live Carnegie Hall recording and Bruce Springsteen's tribute version.

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The words "We shall overcome" are sung emphatically at the end of each verse in a song of Northern Ireland's civil rights movement,

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1908 and was crushed. See Daniel Letwin, "Interracial Unionism, Gender, and Social Equality in the Alabama Coalfields, 1878–1908",

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in 1989, during the intense weeks of the Velvet Revolution, hundreds of thousands of people sang this haunting music in unison in

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The song made its first recorded appearance as "We Shall Overcome" (rather than "We Will Overcome") in 1952 on a disc recorded by

4877: 3260: 2860: 492: 2676: 1893:"CAIN: Events: Civil Rights - "We Shall Overcome" .... published by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA; 1978)" 749:, a man holding the banner, "WE HAVE OVERCOME" was seen near the Capitol, a day after hundreds of people posed with the sign on 203:. In January 2018, the company agreed to a settlement under which it would no longer assert any copyright claims over the song. 3238: 650: 2562: 2394: 2220: 1258: 1081:

In April 2016, a lawsuit was filed against TRO and Ludlow by the We Shall Overcome Foundation (WSOF), a group led by producer

4614: 2729: 1171: 1119:", and that "I'll Overcome Some Day" was a "possible source" and may have originally been adapted from "I'll Be All Right". 1094:

extent of the arrangements themselves", and that no record of a work entitled "I'll Overcome" existed in the database of the

920: 721: 617: 111:, while the modern version of the song was first said to have been sung by tobacco workers led by Lucille Simmons during the 5000: 3464: 3412: 3358: 2755: 2091: 710: 2027: 5207: 4978: 3407: 3343: 2701: 2494: 1843: 235:

6:9: "And let us not be weary in doing good, for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not." The first stanza began:

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Authorized Profile of Guy Carawan with history of the song, "We Shall Overcome" from the Association of Cultural Equity

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Even of this last composition, however, we have only the approximate date and know nothing of the mode of composition.

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Recorded by Guy Carawan, produced for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee by Guy Carawan and Alan Lomax. "

2456: 2009: 1793: 1755: 1728: 1412: 542: 1176: 231:" are among the best known. The published text bore the epigraph, "Ye shall overcome if ye faint not", derived from 4958: 4700: 3301: 3166: 3053: 1550: 718:. The movement in Northern Ireland was keen to emulate the movement in the US and often sang "We shall overcome". 1322:

James Fuld tentatively attributes the change to the version by Atron Twigg and Kenneth Morris. See James J. Fuld,

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radio station on October 1, 1993, and as a result it found its way back to South Africa in the later years of the

4985: 4973: 3449: 3387: 2633: 730: 662:"We Shall Overcome" was adopted by various labor, nationalist, and political movements both during and after the 107:. The origins of the song are unclear; it was thought to have descended from "I'll Overcome Some Day," a hymn by 737:

The melody was also used (crediting it to Tindley) in a symphony by American composer William Rowland. In 1999,

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stronghold, the song became popular on college campuses during the late 1970s. It was the struggle song of the

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on Hootenany Records (Hoot 104-A) (Folkways, FN 2513, BCD15720), where it is identified as a Negro Spiritual.

4995: 4938: 4737: 3074: 3047: 2865: 2677:"Howie Richmond Views Craft Of Song: Publishing Giant Celebrates 50 Years As TRO Founder", by Irv Lichtman, 5172: 5147: 5122: 5088: 4990: 4846: 4831: 4455: 3975: 3499: 3295: 3202: 3091: 2595: 932: 910: 851: 297:

My dream was fulfilled, and I had traced out, not the poem alone, but the poet. I implored him to proceed.

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As published in copyright registration numbers EU 645288 (27 October 1960) and EP 179877 (7 October 1963).

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We Shall Overcome: The Complete Carnegie Hall Concert, June 8, 1963, Historic Live recording June 8, 1963

1435: 1086: 1018: 485: 227:, Tindley was the author of approximately 50 gospel hymns, of which "We'll Understand It By and By" and " 5182: 4968: 4836: 4806: 3790: 3545: 3434: 3364: 2830: 1339: 750: 496: 331: 273: 224: 116: 4634: 4465: 4435: 4370: 3855: 3494: 3474: 3444: 3353: 3282: 3255: 3221: 2964: 2745: 877:. Hazarika, who had heard the song during his days in the United States, also translated the song to 588: 399: 188: 146: 5227: 5187: 5162: 4535: 4495: 4020: 3925: 3333: 3277: 3270: 3243: 3183: 3064: 2974: 2898: 2666: 2550:

Durman, C 2015, 'We Shall Overcome: Essays on a Great American Song edited by Victor V. Bobetsky',

1150: 865:, there are two versions, both of which are popular among schoolchildren and political activists. " 769: 606:

adopted "we shall overcome" as a slogan and used it in the title of its retrospective publication,

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Gamboa had shown interest in investigating the origins of "We Shall Overcome"; in a book entitled

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stepped in with his and Seeger's version as song leader at Highlander, which was then focused on

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Judgment days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the laws that changed America

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My Song Is My Weapon: People's Songs, American Communism, and the Politics of Culture, 1930–50

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We Shall Overcome – The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968–1978

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Horace Clarence Boyer, "Charles Albert Tindley: Progenitor of Black-American Gospel Music",

406:, picked up Seeger's version. Hamilton's friend and traveling companion, fellow-Californian 4953: 4841: 4639: 4520: 4425: 4235: 3865: 3018: 2750: 1785: 1779: 1470: 935:(SFI), the largest student organisation in the country. The song translated into the local 902: 625: 612: 555: 513: 481: 439: 1973: 1038: 551:

during the strikes and grape boycotts of the late 1960s. The song was notably sung by the

8: 5232: 5142: 4716: 4677: 4225: 4185: 4135: 4045: 4005: 3980: 3935: 3740: 3695: 3540: 3520: 3489: 3484: 3427: 3338: 3128: 3081: 3031: 2992: 2225: 835: 824: 790: 715: 470: 411: 287: 2387:"Wolf Haldenstein Frees the Copyright to we Shall Overcome, the US's Most Powerful Song" 1609:, book published as part of Bear Family Records 10-CD box set issued in Germany in 1996. 1366: 5038: 4801: 4785: 4778: 4757: 4749: 4743: 4706: 4540: 4450: 4430: 4355: 4335: 4325: 4305: 4220: 4105: 4050: 3995: 3900: 3680: 3595: 3249: 3233: 3213: 2979: 2944: 2871: 2659: 1103: 1027: 1006: 898: 466: 1867: 4901: 4816: 4811: 4771: 4415: 4400: 4365: 4145: 4065: 4010: 3795: 2954: 2949: 2821: 2807: 2800: 2761: 2452: 2253: 2044: 1789: 1751: 1724: 1699:. Address Delivered at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, Washington D.C. 1957-05-17. 1586: 1408: 1129: 1057: 979: 878: 820: 785: 671: 641: 596: 562: 389: 363: 200: 128: 2686: 1607:

Songs for Political Action: Folkmusic, Topical Songs And the American Left 1926–1953

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credits Carawan with teaching and singing the song at the founding meeting of the

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and their wives link arms and sing "We Shall Overcome" at the dedication of the

541:"We Shall Overcome" was sung days later by over fifty thousand attendees at the 5117: 5098: 4682: 4530: 4515: 4445: 4395: 4360: 4345: 4330: 4290: 4270: 4260: 4215: 4200: 4180: 3950: 3920: 3910: 3880: 3870: 3780: 3750: 3550: 3171: 3123: 3013: 995: 870: 687: 667: 578: 477: 347: 311:

used the same melodic motif from "No More Auction Block" for his composition, "

134: 2627:, excerpts from various articles, liner notes, etc. about "We Shall Overcome". 2142: 1326:(noted by Wallace and Wallechinsky)1966; New York: Dover, 1995). According to 1069:

The copyright status of "We Shall Overcome" was disputed in the late 2010s. A

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is right; "truth crushed to earth will rise again". We shall overcome because

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Farm Workers and the Churches: The Movement in California and Texas, Volume 8

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In 1959, the song began to be associated with the civil rights movement as a

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In 1950, the CIO's Department of Education and Research released the album,

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Voices Of The Civil Rights Movement: Black American Freedom Songs 1960–1966

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Sing for Freedom: The Story of the Civil Rights Movement Through Its Songs

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Clark, B. & Borchert, S 2015, "Pete Seeger, Musical Revolutionary",

2509:, compiled and edited by Guy and Candie Carawan. Oak Publications, 1968. 909:, becoming one of the bestselling Bengali records. It was a favorite of 644:'s re-interpretation of the song was included on the 1998 tribute album 4692: 4350: 4280: 4250: 4120: 4095: 4040: 3940: 3555: 3525: 1696: 1327: 1034: 862: 813: 805: 772: 500: 455: 410:, learned the song from Hamilton. Carawan and Hamilton, accompanied by 378: 272:

known from its refrain as "Many Thousands Gone". This was number 35 in

165: 150: 87: 2630: 2327:"Federal Judge Rules First Verse Of 'We Shall Overcome' Public Domain" 1567:

Dunaway, 1990, 222–223; Seeger, 1993, 32; see also, Robbie Lieberman,

1440:"Drossiana. Number XXXVIII. The Sicilian Mariner's Hymn to the Virgin" 74:

performs "We Shall Overcome" at the White House in front of President

4670: 4140: 4125: 961: 936: 928: 765: 726: 566: 458: 308: 192: 180: 169: 71: 2274:"'Happy Birthday' Legal Team Turns Attention to 'We Shall Overcome'" 1947:"Derry and 'We Shall Overcome': 'We plagiarised an entire movement'" 869:" (আমরা করবো জয়)”, is a literal translation by Bengali folk singer 338:

union (FTA-CIO), who were mostly female and African American, began

4030: 663: 419: 947:, using the same tune of the original. Later, it was published in 4619: 971: 823:

performed the song during the memorial-concert in Oslo after the

808:

fame released a new version of the song as a protest against the

794: 780: 1026:, were sent to space on the first test flight of the spacecraft 438:, in 1960. From there, it spread orally and became an anthem of 172:, sang the song at rallies, folk festivals, and concerts in the 4687: 2300:"Judge throws out 57-year-old copyright on 'We Shall Overcome'" 1335: 924: 809: 793:

recording of the event as the best political clip available on

691: 679: 1631:

of March 15, 1965, accessed March 28, 2007 on HistoryPlace.com

1111:". Furthermore, the liner notes of Seeger's compilation album 388:(soloist) and The Jewish Young Singers (chorus), conducted by 187:

issue which contained "We Will Overcome" expired in 1976, but

3422: 2092:"Orion Flight Test to Carry Mementos and Inspirational Items" 991: 987: 839: 831: 569:

crowds in choruses from the rooftop of his car while touring

2117:"Maria Elena Walsh, Argentine writer and singer, dies at 80" 1324:

The Book of World-Famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk

19:

This article is about the protest song. For other uses, see

1571:(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995) p. 46, p. 185 461:

led a crowd of 3,000 in singing "We Shall Overcome" at the

223:

that was first published in 1901. A noted minister of the

206: 2585: 2501:

We Shall Overcome! Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement

1583:

Where Have All The Flowers Gone – A Musical Autobiography

953:, the monthly magazine of SFI in Malayalam as well as in 646:

Where Have All the Flowers Gone: The Songs of Pete Seeger

450:

Use in the 1960s civil rights and other protest movements

2518:

We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law

2266: 547:

Farmworkers in the United States later sang the song in

4872:

Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

4650:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)" 2451:, (orig. pub. 1981, reissued 1990). Da Capo, New York, 2248:

Gamboa, Isaias; Henry, JoAnne F.; Owen, Audrey (2012).

2213: 1073:

was made for the song in 1960, which is credited as an

276:'s collection of Negro Spirituals that appeared in the 4896:

African American founding fathers of the United States

3244:

Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement

3109:

John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights

2602:

Freedom in the Air: Albany Georgia. 1961–62. SNCC #101

1338:

and it was sung by former slaves who fled there after

2716: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 960:"We Shall Overcome" was a prominent song in the 2010 325: 263:

A letter printed on the front page of February 1909,

2655:"Pete Seeger & the story of 'We Shall Overcome'" 2250:

We Shall Overcome: Sacred Song On The Devil's Tongue

2143:"Dropkick Murphys "We Shall Overcome" (Music Video)" 1125:

We Shall Overcome: Sacred Song On The Devil's Tongue

666:. In his memoir about his years teaching English in 595:

on a trip to meet with the black communities of the

4944:

Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument

2417:"Stipulation and Order of Dismissal With Prejudice" 1520:Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving, eds. (1978). 1519: 1016:was among several works of art, including the poem 632:featured the song on its worship CD for that year: 484:" attacks on civil rights demonstrators during the 251:Tindley's songs were written in an idiom rooted in 133:, as a contribution of and with an introduction by 1549:Kytle, Ethan J.; Roberts, Blain (March 15, 2015). 1404:We Shall Overcome: Essays on a Great American Song 1239: 2557:Graham, D 2016, "Who Owns 'We Shall Overcome'?", 122:In 1947, the song was published under the title " 5134: 3480:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 2526:We Shall Overcome: A Song that Changed the World 1574: 1355:, Second Edition (Norton, 1971): 546–47, 159–60. 1153:derivative work eligible for its own copyright. 1089:at the time, and that the copyright of the 1948 885:" (আমি হ'ম সফল). Another version, translated by 3470:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 3403:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights 3289:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County 2669:, essay on the history of "We Shall Overcome," 2247: 2028:Roger Waters releases "We Shall Overcome" video 1334:, "No More Auction Block For Me" originated in 1276: 1113:If I Had a Hammer: Songs of Hope & Struggle 636:, featuring worship leader Donn Thomas and the 418:, who remarked on the way to his next stop, in 336:Food, Tobacco, Agricultural, and Allied Workers 4949:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument 1750:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 80. 4857:List of lynching victims in the United States 3190:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 2702: 2292: 1777: 1743: 1548: 1133:invalidated copyright claims over the song " 725:U.S. President Barack Obama, Vice President 350:, who was the wife of the co-founder of the 3324:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 2221:"'We Shall Overcome' belongs to Cincinnati" 2187: 2185: 1784:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 1495: 1407:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 1–13. 1396: 1394: 3373:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership 2709: 2695: 1944: 488:, thus legitimizing the protest movement. 5213:Songs involved in royalties controversies 4929:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument 1618:Dunaway, 1990, 222–223; Seeger, 1993, 32. 1496:Brink, Emily; Polman, Bert, eds. (1988). 1365:Higginson, Thomas Wentworth (June 1867). 1364: 703:'Prague Symphony', Praha Publishing, 2008 628:. In 1997, the Christian men's ministry, 604:Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association 432:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 113:1945–1946 Charleston Cigar Factory strike 103:that is associated heavily with the U.S. 16:Protest song of the civil rights movement 4964:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 2999:University of Georgia desegregation riot 2449:How Can I Keep from Singing: Pete Seeger 2182: 2089: 1400: 1391: 1167:Civil rights movement in popular culture 720: 657: 577:chose to broadcast as the anthem of the 4878:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 4615:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus" 4610:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round" 2472:, PBS Home Video 174, 1990, 58 minutes. 2010:Ledarbloggens Youtubiana – hela listan! 1353:The Music of Black Americans: A History 1195: 982:in the past. The song was sung in both 648:as well as on Springsteen's 2006 album 624:leading the song shortly before 1972's 493:assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 211:"I'll Overcome Some Day" was a hymn or 207:Origins as gospel, folk, and labor song 5135: 4792:African-American women in the movement 3239:White House Conference on Civil Rights 3070:"Segregation now, segregation forever" 2667:"Something About That Song Haunts You" 2252:. Beverly Hills, California: Amapola. 2071:"The African American Bhupen Hazarika" 1704: 1580: 1434: 1256: 1218:11: No. 2 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 103–132. 651:We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions 3228:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections 2690: 2561:, 14 April, accessed 28 April 2017, 2045:"Lyrics of Hum Honge Kaamyab (Hindi)" 1916: 1667:"Hearing Voices - Radio Transcript #" 1177:Christian child's prayer § Spirituals 1172:Timeline of the civil rights movement 716:internment policy of the British Army 392:, co-produced by Ernie Lieberman and 5001:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument 3465:Regional Council of Negro Leadership 3413:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 3359:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights 2831:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company 2756:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore 2324: 1817: 1719:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 1710: 1468: 573:in 1966. It was also the song which 525:Yet that scaffold sways the future, 358:, "We Will Overcome" was printed in 3408:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 3344:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 3009:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address 2621:, East Village Radio, January 2007. 2462:___, "The We Shall Overcome Fund". 2359: 2123:. Associated Press. 11 January 2011 1064: 844:Hum Honge Kaamyab (हम होंगे कामयाब) 491:Four days before the April 4, 1968 240:The world is one great battlefield, 13: 5178:Songs of the civil rights movement 4852:African-American churches attacked 3418:Montgomery Improvement Association 3393:Georgia Council on Human Relations 3378:Council of Federated Organizations 3349:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 3102:16th Street Baptist Church bombing 3060:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot 2866:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom 2770:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 2554:, vol. 8, iss. 3, pp. 185–187 2552:Music Reference Services Quarterly 2476: 2000:, Media General. January 20, 2009. 1945:McClements, Freya (4 March 2017). 1844:"Government Reform: Fire Them All" 1526:. pp. 806–809. Archived from 1257:Graham, David A. (14 April 2016). 893:" (এক দিন সূর্যের ভোর, literally " 838:composed a literal translation in 743:first inauguration of Barack Obama 326:Role of the Highlander Folk School 28: 21:We Shall Overcome (disambiguation) 14: 5254: 5193:Songs about racism and xenophobia 4924:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 4797:Jews in the civil rights movement 2575: 2325:Karr, Rick (September 11, 2017). 2068: 1605:Ronald Cohen and Dave Samuelson, 1471:"Prayer of the Sicilian Mariners" 1340:Britain abolished slavery in 1833 970:, which compared the struggle of 764:" shot several immigrants around 543:funeral of Martin Luther King Jr. 5123:Civil rights movement portal 5116: 4959:Freedom Riders National Monument 4701:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 3302:1968 Olympics Black Power salute 3208:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches 3167:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests 3054:Second Emancipation Proclamation 2571:, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 20–29 2090:Siceloff, Steven (25 Nov 2014). 1041:wrote a Spanish version called " 529:Standeth God within the shadow, 253:African American folk traditions 86:Problems playing this file? See 55: 5223:American political catchphrases 4986:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum 4974:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 3450:National Council of Negro Women 3388:Deacons for Defense and Justice 2521:. Yale University Press, 2008. 2409: 2379: 2353: 2344: 2318: 2241: 2170: 2161: 2135: 2109: 2083: 2062: 2037: 2021: 2003: 1991: 1966: 1938: 1926:. Praha Publishing. p. 192 1910: 1885: 1860: 1836: 1811: 1802: 1771: 1737: 1684: 1659: 1634: 1621: 1612: 1599: 1561: 1542: 1513: 1489: 1462: 1428: 1381: 1358: 1332:The Folk Songs of North America 1311:The Journal of Southern History 1259:"Who Owns 'We Shall Overcome'?" 731:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 521:Truth forever on the scaffold, 2861:Mansfield school desegregation 2507:Freedom is a Constant Struggle 2491:Freedom Is A Constant Struggle 1469:Shaw, Robert, ed. (May 1794). 1345: 1316: 1313:LXI: 3 (August 1955): 519–554. 1302: 1230: 1221: 1216:The Black Perspective in Music 1208: 1189: 1096:United States Copyright Office 907:Bangladesh War of Independence 854:during international matches. 747:President of the United States 714:, which protested against the 694:when he spoke out against the 244:If in my heart I do not yield, 1: 4996:National Voting Rights Museum 4939:Civil Rights Movement Archive 4738:Lynching in the United States 4625:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" 3075:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 3048:University of Chicago sit-ins 2815:Davis v. Prince Edward County 2563:Who Owns 'We Shall Overcome'? 2441: 1204:. Philadelphia: Hall-Mack Co. 531:Keeping watch above his own. 523:Wrong forever on the throne. 137:, then-music director of the 4991:National Civil Rights Museum 4847:March on Washington Movement 4832:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 3296:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 1820:"Suddenly It Was All Action" 1818:Dowd, Maureen (1983-07-25). 1401:Bobetsky, Victor V. (2015). 1140:On September 8, 2017, Judge 933:Students Federation of India 852:India national football team 527:And behind the then unknown 454:In August 1963, 22-year old 215:composition by the Reverend 7: 4635:"This Little Light of Mine" 3383:Dallas County Voters League 3329:Atlanta Negro Voters League 3087:Letter from Birmingham Jail 2794:Brown v. Board of Education 1778:Thomas, Evan (2002-09-10). 1585:. Bethlehem, PA: Sing Out. 1551:"Birth of a Freedom Anthem" 1499:The Psalter Hymnal Handbook 1196:Tindley, C. Albert (1900). 1160: 1087:United States copyright law 1019:A Brave and Startling Truth 990:in the film, which starred 825:terrorist attacks in Norway 486:Selma to Montgomery marches 265:United Mine Workers Journal 10: 5259: 5208:Peter, Paul and Mary songs 5006:Olympic Black Power Statue 4969:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 4837:Holt Street Baptist Church 4807:16th Street Baptist Church 3791:Annie Bell Robinson Devine 3435:Nashville Student Movement 3365:An Appeal for Human Rights 2625:Susanne's Folksong-Notizen 751:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 497:Temple Israel of Hollywood 332:Charleston, South Carolina 274:Thomas Wentworth Higginson 225:Methodist Episcopal Church 117:Charleston, South Carolina 18: 5112: 5014: 4911: 4725: 4658: 4600: 4579: 4466:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson 4436:Modjeska Monteith Simkins 3508: 3500:Women's Political Council 3495:Wednesdays in Mississippi 3490:United Auto Workers (UAW) 3475:Southern Regional Council 3445:Northern Student Movement 3354:Committee for Freedom Now 3314: 3256:Memphis sanitation strike 3222:Voting Rights Act of 1965 3144: 2965:Savannah Protest Movement 2927: 2785: 2746:Journey of Reconciliation 2738: 2725: 1475:The Gentleman's Amusement 895:One Day The Sun Will Rise 775:and Immigration Minister 686:, both in English and in 634:The Making of a Godly Man 616:depicts march leader and 589:William Bradford Reynolds 375:Eight New Songs for Labor 189:The Richmond Organization 5168:American Christian hymns 5153:American patriotic songs 3334:Atlanta Student Movement 3278:Civil Rights Act of 1968 3203:1964–1965 Scripto strike 3184:Civil Rights Act of 1964 3082:1963 Birmingham campaign 2975:Civil Rights Act of 1960 2899:Civil Rights Act of 1957 1781:Robert Kennedy: His Life 1198:"I'll Overcome Some Day" 1182: 1001:In 2014, a recording of 362:(September 1948), 8, of 344:American Tobacco Company 246:I'll overcome some day. 242:With forces all arrayed; 4886:Voter Education Project 4640:"We Shall Not Be Moved" 4301:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 3736:Josephine Dobbs Clement 3157:Chester school protests 3152:Twenty-fourth Amendment 3114:Detroit Walk to Freedom 2856:Tallahassee bus boycott 2777:Baton Rouge bus boycott 2657:from 1968 interview on 1808:Dunaway ( 2008) p. 243. 1523:The People's Almanac #2 1202:New Songs of the Gospel 626:Bloody Sunday shootings 583:Anti-Apartheid Movement 436:Raleigh, North Carolina 185:People's Songs Bulletin 126:" in an edition of the 5104:Movement photographers 4341:Bernice Johnson Reagon 4061:Martin Luther King Sr. 4056:Martin Luther King Jr. 3626:William Holmes Borders 3398:Highlander Folk School 3283:Poor People's Campaign 3136:St. Augustine movement 2986:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 2909:Katz Drug Store sit-in 2880:Royal Ice Cream sit-in 2842:Montgomery bus boycott 1071:copyright registration 978:with the struggles of 955:Sarvadesheeya Ganangal 779:attended a meeting in 734: 706: 539: 534: 416:Martin Luther King Jr. 352:Highlander Folk School 306: 249: 217:Charles Albert Tindley 193:false copyright claims 139:Highlander Folk School 109:Charles Albert Tindley 33: 5238:Quotations from music 5203:Mahalia Jackson songs 4934:Civil Rights Memorial 4822:Bethel Baptist Church 4471:Charles Kenzie Steele 3916:Audrey Faye Hendricks 3821:Myrlie Evers-Williams 3801:Patricia Stephens Due 3771:Abraham Lincoln Davis 3706:Colia Lafayette Clark 3460:Operation Breadbasket 3455:National Urban League 3197:Katzenbach v. McClung 3065:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 2718:Civil rights movement 2631:Musical Transcription 2586:National Public Radio 1744:Alan J. Watt (2010). 1581:Seeger, Pete (1997). 1236:Boyer (1983), p. 113. 1135:Happy Birthday to You 1005:arranged by composer 945:N. P. Chandrasekharan 914:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 887:Shibdas Bandyopadhyay 739:National Public Radio 724: 676: 658:Widespread adaptation 518: 510:William Cullen Bryant 505: 284: 237: 105:civil rights movement 32: 4979:other King memorials 4954:Freedom Rides Museum 4891:1960s counterculture 4842:Edmund Pettus Bridge 4521:Walter Francis White 4426:Alexander D. Shimkin 2935:New Year's Day March 2904:Ministers' Manifesto 2751:Executive Order 9981 2397:on 22 September 2020 2306:. September 11, 2017 1917:Allen, Mark (2008). 1713:"14. Another Martyr" 1697:"Give Us the Ballot" 1530:on February 25, 2015 1371:The Atlantic Monthly 903:Calcutta Youth Choir 901:and recorded by the 861:-speaking India and 834:, the renowned poet 674:, Mark Allen wrote: 618:Member of Parliament 514:James Russell Lowell 5173:Songs about freedom 5148:American folk songs 4717:Mary McLeod Bethune 4678:Sermon on the Mount 4645:"We Shall Overcome" 4226:William Lewis Moore 4006:Frank Minis Johnson 3981:Richie Jean Jackson 3936:Donald L. Hollowell 3741:Charles E. Cobb Jr. 3546:Gwendolyn Armstrong 3541:William G. Anderson 3521:Victoria Gray Adams 3485:The Freedom Singers 3339:Black Panther Party 3119:March on Washington 3032:Garner v. Louisiana 2993:Boynton v. Virginia 2226:Cincinnati Enquirer 2167:Seeger, 1993, p. 33 1848:The Harvard Crimson 1711:Kotz, Nick (2005). 897:") was arranged by 891:Ek Din Shurjer Bhor 850:for motivating the 836:Girija Kumar Mathur 791:Sveriges Television 565:, when he led anti- 471:March on Washington 412:Ramblin Jack Elliot 340:a five-month strike 330:In October 1945 in 313:Blowin' in the Wind 40:"We Shall Overcome" 5198:Roger Waters songs 5039:Michael Eric Dyson 4919:In popular culture 4802:Fifth Circuit Four 4786:Loving v. Virginia 4779:Hernandez v. Texas 4758:Buchanan v. Warley 4750:Separate but equal 4744:Plessy v. Ferguson 4707:Frederick Douglass 4541:Robert F. Williams 4451:Kelly Miller Smith 4431:Fred Shuttlesworth 4356:Frederick D. Reese 4336:George Raymond Jr. 4326:A. Philip Randolph 4306:Fay Bellamy Powell 4221:Queen Mother Moore 4106:Z. Alexander Looby 4051:Coretta Scott King 3996:Barbara Rose Johns 3976:Jimmie Lee Jackson 3901:William E. Harbour 3681:Stokely Carmichael 3596:Randolph Blackwell 3261:King assassination 3250:Loving v. Virginia 3234:March Against Fear 3214:How Long, Not Long 3092:Children's Crusade 3043:Cambridge movement 2980:Ax Handle Saturday 2945:Greensboro sit-ins 2872:Give Us the Ballot 2660:The Pop Chronicles 2636:2013-09-22 at the 2615:Freedom In the Air 2609:2019-10-12 at the 2464:Highlander Reports 2366:Hollywood Reporter 2177:Highlander Reports 1998:"We Have Overcome" 1555:The New York Times 1367:"Negro Spirituals" 1037:writer and singer 1007:Nolan Williams Jr. 941:Nammal Vijayikkum” 899:Ruma Guha Thakurta 827:on July 22, 2011. 819:On July 22, 2012, 735: 467:A. Philip Randolph 34: 5183:Pete Seeger songs 5130: 5129: 4902:Eyes on the Prize 4817:A.G. Gaston Motel 4812:Kelly Ingram Park 4772:Sweatt v. Painter 4456:Mary Louise Smith 4416:Cleveland Sellers 4401:Michael Schwerner 4366:Gloria Richardson 4146:Thurgood Marshall 4066:Bernard Lafayette 3796:John Wesley Dobbs 3310: 3309: 3024:Birmingham attack 3004:Rock Hill sit-ins 2955:Sibley Commission 2950:Nashville sit-ins 2822:Gebhart v. Belton 2808:Briggs v. Elliott 2801:Bolling v. Sharpe 2762:Sweatt v. Painter 2582:We Shall Overcome 2495:Highlander Center 2487:We Shall Overcome 2470:We Shall Overcome 2229:. Gannett Company 2015:, 2 October 2008 2013:Svenska Dagbladet 1897:Cain.ulster.ac.uk 1872:Cain.ulster.ac.uk 1671:Hearingvoices.com 1450:(5): 342, 385–386 1444:European Magazine 1438:(November 1792). 1351:Eileen Southern, 1130:Louise Shropshire 1058:Turn Up That Dial 1039:María Elena Walsh 1003:We Shall Overcome 980:African Americans 873:, re-recorded by 821:Bruce Springsteen 800:On June 7, 2010, 786:Svenska Dagbladet 756:As the attempted 672:Velvet Revolution 642:Bruce Springsteen 597:Mississippi Delta 563:Robert F. Kennedy 442:African American 424:We Shall Overcome 390:Robert De Cormier 334:, members of the 97:We Shall Overcome 66: 5250: 5121: 5120: 5084:Charles M. Payne 5069:Steven F. Lawson 5059:David Halberstam 5029:Clayborne Carson 4765:Hocutt v. Wilson 4712:W. E. B. Du Bois 4561:Sammy Younge Jr. 4546:Q. V. Williamson 4511:Wyatt Tee Walker 4376:Bernice Robinson 4321:Lincoln Ragsdale 4311:Rodney N. Powell 4206:Douglas E. Moore 4081:Sanford R. Leigh 4016:J. Charles Jones 3891:Fannie Lou Hamer 3806:Joseph Ellwanger 3766:Jonathan Daniels 3756:Claudette Colvin 3746:Annie Lee Cooper 3731:Kathleen Cleaver 3726:Eldridge Cleaver 3701:Shirley Chisholm 3591:Gloria Blackwell 3177:workers' murders 3124:"I Have a Dream" 3019:Anniston bombing 2970:Greenville Eight 2885:Little Rock Nine 2848:Browder v. Gayle 2736: 2735: 2711: 2704: 2697: 2688: 2687: 2649:NPR news article 2643:Sing for Freedom 2533:Sing for Freedom 2513:Alexander Tsesis 2435: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2421: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2393:. Archived from 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2197: 2189: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2069:Dutta, Pranjal. 2066: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2041: 2035: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1925: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1854: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1830: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1708: 1702: 1700: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1644:. Archived from 1638: 1632: 1627:Lyndon Johnson, 1625: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1578: 1572: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1398: 1389: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1362: 1356: 1349: 1343: 1320: 1314: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1254: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1219: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1193: 1118: 1110: 1065:Copyright status 1053:Dropkick Murphys 943:by SFI activist 927:, a traditional 905:during the 1971 704: 684:Wenceslas Square 463:Lincoln Memorial 356:Henry A. Wallace 279:Atlantic Monthly 124:We Will Overcome 68: 67: 51: 50: 46: 31: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5228:1900 quotations 5188:Joan Baez songs 5163:Bluegrass songs 5133: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5115: 5108: 5089:Thomas E. Ricks 5079:Diane McWhorter 5064:Vincent Harding 5049:Adam Fairclough 5016: 5010: 4907: 4862:Freedom Schools 4721: 4654: 4602: 4596: 4587:Omaha, Nebraska 4575: 4491:Hartman Turnbow 4481:Dorothy Tillman 4441:Glenn E. Smiley 4421:Charles Sherrod 4381:Jo Ann Robinson 4256:Charles Neblett 4246:Elijah Muhammad 4211:Harriette Moore 4171:Floyd McKissick 4156:Franklin McCain 4091:Stanley Levison 3956:T. R. M. Howard 3906:Vincent Harding 3836:Walter Fauntroy 3721:Xernona Clayton 3671:John H. Calhoun 3656:Aurelia Browder 3646:Stanley Branche 3641:Raylawni Branch 3621:Joseph E. Boone 3606:Ezell Blair Jr. 3601:Unita Blackwell 3576:Harry Belafonte 3516:Ralph Abernathy 3504: 3440:Nation of Islam 3316: 3306: 3140: 3097:Birmingham riot 3038:Albany Movement 2960:Atlanta sit-ins 2940:Sit-in movement 2923: 2919:Biloxi wade-ins 2891:Cooper v. Aaron 2781: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2673:, June 9, 2006. 2671:Complicated Fun 2638:Wayback Machine 2619:Root Hog or Die 2611:Wayback Machine 2578: 2479: 2477:Further reading 2444: 2439: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2360:Gardner, Eriq. 2358: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2280:. 12 April 2016 2272: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2204: 2202: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2149:. 15 March 2022 2141: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2121:Washington Post 2115: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2088: 2084: 2067: 2063: 2053: 2051: 2049:Prayogshala.com 2043: 2042: 2038: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2008: 2004: 1996: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1952:The Irish Times 1943: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1920:Prague Symphony 1915: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1874: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1828: 1826: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1796: 1776: 1772: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1742: 1738: 1731: 1709: 1705: 1695: 1692:Theodore Parker 1689: 1685: 1675: 1673: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1651: 1649: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1604: 1600: 1593: 1579: 1575: 1566: 1562: 1547: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1518: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1494: 1490: 1480: 1478: 1467: 1463: 1453: 1451: 1436:Seward, William 1433: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1399: 1392: 1386: 1382: 1377:(116): 685–694. 1363: 1359: 1350: 1346: 1321: 1317: 1307: 1303: 1293: 1291: 1290:. 13 April 2016 1282: 1281: 1277: 1267: 1265: 1255: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1213: 1209: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1163: 1116: 1108: 1067: 967:My Name is Khan 875:Bhupen Hazarika 777:Birgit Friggebo 711:Free the People 705: 702: 660: 630:Promise Keepers 533: 530: 528: 526: 524: 522: 452: 328: 248: 245: 243: 241: 209: 93: 92: 84: 82: 81: 80: 79: 69: 56: 53: 48: 44: 43: 35: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5256: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5128: 5127: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5099:Akinyele Umoja 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4882: 4881: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4683:Mahatma Gandhi 4680: 4675: 4674: 4673: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4592:South Carolina 4589: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4531:Hosea Williams 4528: 4523: 4518: 4516:Hollis Watkins 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4446:A. Maceo Smith 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4396:Bernie Sanders 4393: 4388: 4386:Angela Russell 4383: 4378: 4373: 4371:David Richmond 4368: 4363: 4361:Walter Reuther 4358: 4353: 4348: 4346:Cordell Reagon 4343: 4338: 4333: 4331:George Raymond 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4291:Charles Person 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4261:Huey P. Newton 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4216:Harry T. Moore 4213: 4208: 4203: 4201:Cecil B. Moore 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4181:James Meredith 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4011:Clarence Jones 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3951:Zilphia Horton 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3921:Lola Hendricks 3918: 3913: 3911:Dorothy Height 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3881:Lawrence Guyot 3878: 3873: 3871:Jack Greenberg 3868: 3863: 3858: 3856:Andrew Goodman 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3781:Joseph DeLaine 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3751:Dorothy Cotton 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3696:J. L. Chestnut 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3631:Amelia Boynton 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3551:Arnold Aronson 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3368: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3224: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3172:Freedom Summer 3169: 3164: 3162:Bloody Tuesday 3159: 3154: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3079: 3078: 3077: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2882: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2818: 2811: 2804: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2766: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2740: 2733: 2723: 2722: 2714: 2713: 2706: 2699: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2674: 2664: 2652: 2646: 2628: 2622: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2577: 2576:External links 2574: 2573: 2572: 2569:Monthly Review 2565: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2522: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2467: 2460: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2408: 2378: 2352: 2343: 2317: 2291: 2265: 2259:978-0615475288 2258: 2240: 2212: 2181: 2169: 2160: 2134: 2108: 2082: 2061: 2036: 2034:, June 7, 2010 2020: 2002: 1990: 1965: 1937: 1909: 1884: 1859: 1835: 1810: 1801: 1794: 1770: 1756: 1736: 1729: 1703: 1683: 1658: 1642:"A new normal" 1633: 1620: 1611: 1598: 1591: 1573: 1560: 1541: 1512: 1488: 1461: 1427: 1413: 1390: 1380: 1357: 1344: 1315: 1301: 1275: 1238: 1229: 1220: 1207: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1162: 1159: 1147:People's Songs 1091:People's Songs 1066: 1063: 1009:and featuring 919:In the Indian 911:Prime Minister 883:Ami hom xophol 871:Hemanga Biswas 867:Amra Korbo Joy 770:Prime Minister 700: 668:Czechoslovakia 659: 656: 640:Promise Band. 579:Voice of Peace 519: 478:Lyndon Johnson 451: 448: 400:Frank Hamilton 364:People's Songs 360:Bulletin No. 3 348:Zilphia Horton 327: 324: 238: 208: 205: 147:Frank Hamilton 135:Zilphia Horton 129:People's Songs 83: 70: 54: 38: 37: 36: 27: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5255: 5244: 5243:Protest songs 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5094:Timothy Tyson 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5024:Taylor Branch 5022: 5021: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4867:Freedom songs 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733:Jim Crow laws 4731: 4730: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4630:"Oh, Freedom" 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556:Whitney Young 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4536:Kale Williams 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4496:Albert Turner 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486:A. P. Tureaud 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4391:Bayard Rustin 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4241:William Moyer 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4176:Joseph McNeil 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4161:Charles McDew 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4151:Benjamin Mays 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4136:Vivian Malone 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4111:Joseph Lowery 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4036:Clyde Kennard 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4026:Vernon Jordan 4024: 4022: 4021:Matthew Jones 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3986:T. J. Jemison 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3971:Jesse Jackson 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3861:Robert Graetz 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3851:Golden Frinks 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3811:Charles Evers 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3761:Vernon Dahmer 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3716:Septima Clark 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3636:Bruce Boynton 3634: 3632: 3629: 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