1627:
443:
268:
P. Haupt (1878) first recognized that the qatala past tense found in West
Semitic was an innovation, and that the Akkadian prefixed past tense must be archaic. It was F. Hommel, however, who recognized the implications of this for the subgrouping of Semitic; cf. Hommel(1883: 63, 442; 1892: 92–97;
198:
is debated. In older classifications, it is grouped with the South
Semitic languages. However, Hetzron and Huehnergard connect it more closely with the Northwest Semitic languages, to form
298:
1668:
475:
1043:
1000:
975:
447:
1033:
1018:
1028:
425:
396:
369:
342:
285:
Die semitischen Volker und
Sprachen als erster Versuch einer Encyclopadie der semitischen Sprach- und Alterthums-Wissenschaft
300:
The Balaam Text from Deir ʻAlla Re-evaluated: Proceedings of the
International Symposium Held at Leiden, 21–24 August 1989
1063:
1058:
990:
1707:
1687:
1661:
995:
985:
468:
1258:
308:
130:
980:
890:
1053:
1038:
1692:
1561:
1048:
757:
150:
1702:
1654:
911:
904:
461:
202:. Some Semiticists continue to argue for the older classification, based on the distinctive feature of
616:
1697:
1477:
864:
840:
827:
563:
543:
508:
199:
70:
1269:
967:
1311:
1248:
858:
513:
191:
75:
1642:
416:
Faber, Alice (2013) . "Genetic
Subgrouping of the Semitic Languages". In Hetzron, Robert (ed.).
689:
526:
498:
173:
949:
230:
190:
Ethiopic and South
Arabian show particular common features, and are often grouped together as
1605:
1208:
933:
602:
588:
44:
386:
359:
332:
1532:
1274:
667:
8:
1546:
1215:
1158:
1086:
1072:
943:
738:
699:
138:
1389:
1279:
90:
1634:
1518:
1343:
1222:
1095:
920:
878:
743:
536:
484:
421:
392:
365:
338:
304:
284:
263:
195:
184:
166:
134:
104:
49:
1598:
1553:
1539:
1372:
1331:
1294:
1199:
1185:
1151:
1121:
1102:
897:
871:
846:
822:
796:
789:
729:
712:
684:
660:
552:
259:
180:
177:
162:
158:
146:
123:
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955:
851:
717:
707:
154:
142:
115:
39:
803:
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1482:
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1336:
1284:
1165:
1005:
833:
243:
119:
1681:
1626:
1462:
1457:
1381:
1143:
723:
203:
126:
divides the
Semitic language family into two branches: Eastern and Western.
637:
420:. Routledge language family descriptions. London: Routledge. pp. 3–15.
1405:
280:
108:
962:
782:
207:
32:
644:
595:
129:
The West
Semitic languages consist of the clearly defined sub-groups:
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651:
623:
247:
1326:
1368:
766:
630:
1572:
572:
442:
211:
194:. The proper classification of Arabic with respect to other
231:
The
Semitic Languages: An International Handbook, Chapter V
297:
Hoftijzer, Jacob; Kooij, Gerrit Van der (January 1991).
210:was a Northwest Semitic language spoken in ancient
384:
330:
1679:
385:Huehnergard, John; Pat-El, Na’ama (2013-10-08).
361:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook
331:Huehnergard, John; Pat-El, Na’ama (2013-10-08).
296:
242:
1662:
469:
1669:
1655:
476:
462:
248:"The subgrouping of the Semitic languages"
357:
224:
107:. The term was first coined in 1883 by
1680:
258:(1). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 61–84.
483:
457:
415:
103:are a proposed major sub-grouping of
1621:
326:
324:
322:
320:
13:
1604:Languages between parentheses are
14:
1719:
435:
317:
206:. Some linguists also argue that
1625:
441:
364:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 2.
264:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00044.x
252:Language and Linguistics Compass
358:Weninger, Stefan (2011-12-23).
1608:of the language on their left.
378:
351:
290:
274:
236:
1:
217:
1641:. You can help Knowledge by
176:, meanwhile, consist of the
7:
10:
1724:
1620:
409:
114:The grouping supported by
16:Group of Semitic Languages
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83:
64:
40:Linguistic classification
38:
26:
21:
1601:or historical languages.
391:. Routledge. p. 5.
337:. Routledge. p. 6.
1708:Semitic language stubs
1688:West Semitic languages
1637:-related article is a
448:West Semitic languages
174:East Semitic languages
101:West Semitic languages
891:Christian Palestinian
603:Ancient North Arabian
418:The Semitic languages
388:The Semitic Languages
334:The Semitic Languages
991:Koy Sanjaq Christian
668:Pre-classical Arabic
450:at Wikimedia Commons
131:Modern South Arabian
834:Ashurian and Hatran
1693:1883 introductions
905:Jewish Palestinian
161:, and the extinct
1703:Semitic languages
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1635:Semitic languages
1615:
1614:
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1585:
1582:
1581:
1513:
1512:
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1508:
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1242:
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1238:
1081:
1080:
1044:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
841:Jewish Babylonian
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751:
485:Semitic languages
446:Media related to
427:978-0-415-41266-7
398:978-1-136-11580-6
371:978-3-11-025158-6
344:978-1-136-11580-6
196:Semitic languages
151:Northwest Semitic
135:Old South Arabian
105:Semitic languages
97:
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1698:1880s neologisms
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1629:
1622:
1357:
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1317:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1254:
1253:
1122:northern dialect
797:Biblical Aramaic
790:Imperial Aramaic
772:
771:
763:
762:
661:Nabataean Arabic
578:
577:
569:
568:
544:Canaano-Akkadian
478:
471:
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1578:
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1361:
1348:
1299:
1260:
1235:
1173:
1077:
1019:Urmia Christian
935:
928:
815:
809:
748:
708:Egyptian Arabic
694:
690:Modern Standard
673:
558:
520:
487:
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372:
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200:Central Semitic
89:
71:Central Semitic
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1721:
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1700:
1695:
1690:
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1630:
1613:
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1244:
1241:
1240:
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1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1155:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1134:
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1125:
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1099:
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1089:
1083:
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1041:
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1023:
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1014:
1011:
1003:
998:
993:
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958:
953:
940:
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930:
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882:
875:
861:
856:
855:
854:
849:
844:
837:
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819:
817:
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810:
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804:Middle Aramaic
800:
793:
786:
778:
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750:
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747:
746:
741:
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700:Dialect groups
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984:
982:
979:
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969:
966:
964:
961:
957:
954:
952:
951:
947:
946:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
931:
923:
922:
918:
914:
913:
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886:
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876:
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866:
862:
860:
859:Judeo-Aramaic
857:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:
838:
836:
835:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
821:
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801:
799:
798:
794:
792:
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787:
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764:
761:
759:
755:
745:
742:
740:
737:
731:
728:
727:
726:
725:
724:Siculo-Arabic
721:
720:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
703:
701:
697:
691:
688:
686:
683:
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658:
654:
653:
649:
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635:
633:
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628:
626:
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621:
619:
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614:
612:
611:
607:
606:
605:
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585:
583:
579:
576:
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561:
555:
554:
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546:
545:
541:
540:
539:
538:
534:
533:
531:
529:
528:
523:
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510:
507:
506:
505:
502:
500:
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496:
494:
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479:
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456:
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269:1926: 75–82).
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192:South Semitic
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175:
170:
169:languages).
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132:
127:
125:
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106:
102:
92:
88:
86:
82:
77:
76:South Semitic
74:
72:
69:
68:
67:
63:
56:
53:
52:
51:
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47:
46:
43:
41:
37:
34:
31:
25:
20:
1643:expanding it
1632:
1617:
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1571:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1445:
1428:
1386:East Gurage
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1113:
1101:
1094:
1059:Urmia Jewish
968:Northeastern
948:
919:
910:
903:
896:
889:
884:
877:
870:
863:
839:
832:
802:
795:
788:
781:
739:Mesopotamian
722:
666:
659:
650:
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
594:
589:Proto-Arabic
587:
551:
542:
535:
525:
503:
417:
387:
380:
360:
353:
333:
299:
292:
281:Fritz Hommel
276:
267:
255:
251:
238:
226:
189:
171:
128:
113:
109:Fritz Hommel
100:
98:
65:Subdivisions
55:West Semitic
54:
45:Afro-Asiatic
29:distribution
22:West Semitic
1533:Hadramautic
1519:Old Arabian
1458:West Gurage
1382:East Gurage
1261:ern Arabian
963:Neo-Mandaic
885:Palestinian
783:Old Aramaic
208:Eteocypriot
187:languages.
145:(including
116:Semiticists
33:Middle East
1682:Categories
1562:Rijal Alma
1547:Qatabanian
1216:Himyaritic
1159:Phoenician
972:Christian
775:Historical
744:Peninsular
645:Taymanitic
596:Old Arabic
581:Historical
310:9004093176
233:, page 425
218:References
27:Geographic
1606:varieties
1597:indicate
1478:Sebat Bet
1442:Tt-group
1257:Eastern (
1209:Deir Alla
1087:Canaanite
1054:Trans-Zab
1039:Inter-Zab
921:Palmyrene
912:Samaritan
879:Nabataean
758:Northwest
713:Levantine
685:Classical
610:Dadanitic
303:. BRILL.
85:Glottolog
1554:Awsanian
1425:N-group
1344:Tigrinya
1223:Samalian
1200:Galilean
1193:Ugaritic
1138:Medieval
1131:Mishnaic
1115:Biblical
1096:Ammonite
1049:Sanandaj
1034:Betanure
1013:Chaldean
1010:Assyrian
996:Qaraqosh
986:Hértevin
898:Galilean
872:Lebanese
718:Maghrebi
678:Literary
652:Thamudic
638:Safaitic
624:Hasaitic
617:Dumaitic
537:Akkadian
492:Branches
287:, (1883)
246:(2008).
185:Akkadian
167:Ugaritic
139:Ethiopic
91:west2786
1599:extinct
1595:Italics
1540:Minaean
1467:Endegen
1394:Inneqor
1373:Argobba
1369:Amharic
1332:Dahalik
1304:Western
1295:Soqotri
1275:Ḥarsusi
1270:Baṭḥari
1186:Amorite
1152:Moabite
1103:Edomite
1073:Western
1029:Barzani
1025:Jewish
944:Central
936:Aramaic
865:Western
847:Mandaic
828:Eastern
823:Armazic
814:Dialect
767:Aramaic
730:Maltese
631:Hismaic
564:Central
553:Eblaite
509:Central
410:Sources
181:Eblaite
178:extinct
163:Amorite
159:Aramaic
149:), and
147:Maltese
50:Semitic
1573:Sabaic
1567:Razihi
1473:Mesqan
1447:Mesmes
1400:Wolane
1397:Ulbare
1390:Siltʼe
1378:Harari
1362:versal
1360:Trans-
1290:Shehri
1280:Hobyot
1230:Sutean
1178:Others
1144:Modern
1109:Hebrew
1001:Senaya
981:Bohtan
976:Barwar
956:Turoyo
950:Mlaḥsô
852:Syriac
816:groups
573:Arabic
424:
395:
368:
341:
307:
212:Cyprus
155:Hebrew
143:Arabic
1633:This
1527:Faifi
1496:Gyeto
1490:Gumer
1483:Chaha
1453:Muher
1436:Soddo
1430:Gafat
1419:Outer
1353:South
1337:Tigre
1327:Geʽez
1320:North
1285:Mehri
1249:South
1166:Punic
1064:Zakho
1006:Suret
514:South
118:like
1639:stub
1493:Gura
1487:Ezha
1463:Inor
1259:Mod-
934:Neo-
527:East
504:West
499:East
422:ISBN
393:ISBN
366:ISBN
339:ISBN
305:ISBN
183:and
172:The
165:and
122:and
99:The
1406:Zay
260:doi
1684::
319:^
283:,
266:.
254:.
250:.
214:.
157:,
141:,
137:,
133:,
111:.
1670:e
1663:t
1656:v
1645:.
1380:–
1371:–
1263:)
477:e
470:t
463:v
430:.
401:.
374:.
347:.
313:.
262::
256:2
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