937:
946:
883:
874:
919:
928:
422:
96:
865:
910:
955:
901:
991:
973:
982:
964:
1000:
813:. They were found to be mostly carriers of haplogroup H and U. The individuals displayed even closer genetic links to Iron Age populations of southern Scandinavia than those of Kowalewko did. Males and females at Masłomęcz were more closely related to each other than those at Kowalewko. They also carried fewer samples of U5b, and displayed less strong genetic links to the Yamanya culture, Corded Ware culture, Bell Beaker culture and Unetice culture than earlier Wielbark samples from Kowalewko.
3413:
892:
450:
335:
639:' account of their origin. While such Scandinavian influence may well have played a part, the identical geographical extent and persistent use of Oksywie cemeteries suggest that the Wielbark Culture emerged from previous human settlements in the area, with new groups of Scandinavian immigrants making contributions to it as they arrived.
553:
were somewhat, but not entirely, abandoned. This expansion was swifter and on an even larger scale than previous ones, and represented a significant shift of
Wielbark power towards the south. Archaeological and linguistics evidence suggest that the expansion involved both men, women and children. The
765:
were also frequent. It was found that the mtDNA of the RoiA populations was largely similar to that of medieval populations, although they displayed closer genetic relations to populations of northern and central Europe, while medieval populations on the other hand displayed closer genetic relations
365:
The
Wielbark culture is primarily differentiated from its predecessor the Oksywie culture by the introduction of inhumation as opposed to cremation, which began around 1 AD. Notably, the Wielbark culture used both rituals. Despite this, there is also evidence for continuity between the two cultures.
852:
with SNPs below L1237, Z2039 and P109, 1 I2a1b1, 1 J2b2a1, 1 J2a1a, 2 N1a, 2 R1a1a, 1 with derived R1a-M458, and 6 R1b (three of them with SNPs below U106). Such results show that the
Wielbark culture was dominated by Y-hgs most frequently observed in ancient Northern European populations. This
843:
Y-chromosome analysis of Goths from the Masłomęcz group cemeteries in southeastern Poland. A total of 14 individuals (78%) represents the Y chromosome haplogroups most closely related to the
Scandinavian population. Thirteen individuals were classified into subclades of haplogroup I1, four to
318:
The "first modern description" of the culture was not until the work of
Ryszard Wołągiewicz in the 1970s. The cemetery's completeness and long period of use was the reason this site was chosen to name the culture, which "spans all the phases of Wielbark culture as well as phases predating its
369:
The neighbouring
Przeworsk culture, on the other hand, long continued to practice cremation, and whereas Wielbark burials never included weapons, Przeworsk burials often did. In the second century AD however, the burial practices of the Wielbark culture began to spread into Przeworsk areas.
511:. Whether the Wielbark culture was an outgrowth of the Oksywie culture or represents a new population is disputed. The increasing density of Wielbark centuries after its establishment suggests that it experienced significant population growth during its existence.
362:. Bodies were normally cremated and there were few grave goods, if any. This began to change, possibly reflecting increasing social stratification. The Wielbark culture, for example, is distinguished by its occasional use of monumental "barrow" burials.
785:
Stolarek et al. (2018) examined the mtDNA of 60 individuals buried at the
Wielbark cemetery of Kowalewko in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. The majority of the individuals carried types of haplogroup H and U. Notably, they displayed higher frequencies of
603:
The
Wielbark culture has been described by archaeologists as a culture which continued both Germanic and non-Germanic people, which developed from the previous Oksywie material culture, with some influences from Scandinavia. Roman authors described the
395:
The
Wielbark culture appears to have practiced mixed agriculture. Their lack of agricultural expertise made their fields less fertile, which caused the population to be quite mobile. Several settlements however remained stable for hundreds of years.
574:. Though historically controversial, it is now universally accepted that the origins of the Chernyakhov culture lie primarily in the Wielbark culture, and that the former represents a culture dominated by the Goths and other Germanic peoples.
530:. Rather than being entirely replaced, archaeological evidence suggest that the Przeworsk were to a certain extent absorbed by the Wielbark. The southward expansion of the Wielbark burial habits has been connected with the beginning of the
1607:
Stolarek, Ireneusz; Zenczak, Michal; Handschuh, Luiza; Juras, Anna; Marcinkowska-Swojak, Malgorzata; Spinek, Anna; Dębski, Artur; Matla, Marzena; Kóčka-Krenz, Hanna; Piontek, Janusz; Figlerowicz, Marek (24 July 2023).
847:
Stolarek et al. (2023) tested several individuals buried in
Wielbark culture cemeteries. The Y-chromosomes were 1 E (E1b1b1a1b1a), 1 F, 5 G2a (two G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a2 and three more with derived subclades), 19
936:
206:
429:
Another feature of the Wielbark culture was the use of bronze to make ornaments and accessories. Silver was used seldom and gold rarely. Iron appears to have been used extremely rarely. In 2000, in
4668:
4266:
437:, Pomerania, a cemetery of Oksywie and Wielbark cultures was found. These reached their height before the emigration of the population to the south began. A bronze kettle depicts males wearing the
4246:
853:
observation agrees with the autosomal results, as the individuals analysed were shifted towards peoples inhabiting Northwestern Europe, so that much of their ancestry had a Scandinavian origin.
410:
The Wielbark culture displays several characteristics similar to those of the Chernyakhov culture. This includes the creation of handmade bowl-shaped ceramics, the wearing by females of
794:
lineage) than preceding and succeeding populations in the area. Compared to some ancient DNA samples, the male mitochondrial mix was found to be most closely related to Iron Age
4899:
4881:
315:
culture was named after the once-Prussian village, known in German as Willenberg, where a burial place with over 3,000 tombs, was discovered and partially recorded in 1873.
95:
4842:
4403:
4261:
945:
5156:
882:
4893:
820:
to 16 individuals buried at the Kowalewko archeological site associated with the Wielbark culture. In total, 8 out of 16 samples were assigned to haplogroup
4251:
1585:
4312:
918:
577:
Isolated pockets of the Wielbark culture continued to exist in current northern Poland until the 5th century AD. From then it was replaced by the
4386:
3793:
3651:
658:
who are later described in Roman and Greek sources further south, living north of the imperial border on the Danube. Along with the neighbouring
4302:
1709:
1682:
187:
1013:
873:
721:
were indistinguishable in terms of non-metrical dental traits, though this does not exclude the possibility of genetically different origins.
4408:
3449:
5625:
5610:
1810:
5620:
5615:
5045:
2323:
2061:
1018:
927:
2272:
1945:
430:
399:
A characteristic of the Wielbark culture, which it had in common with southern Scandinavia, was the raising of stone covered mounds,
809:, Poland. The remains were from the 2nd to 4th centuries AD. Based on archaeological evidence, these individuals were assumed to be
4322:
3370:
5418:
4241:
3504:
3388:
2065:
4297:
5024:
4396:
4077:
4050:
3894:
3474:
1970:
1580:
3918:
3906:
3778:
3766:
3636:
3489:
3484:
3479:
1511:
1492:
1461:
1411:
1392:
1373:
1354:
1332:
1281:
1241:
1217:
1198:
1160:
1116:
1085:
103:
4117:
4097:
5630:
5450:
4713:
4287:
4122:
4112:
4107:
3935:
3930:
3882:
3877:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3754:
3739:
3688:
3663:
3574:
3564:
3499:
3494:
677:
The cemeteries may give some indication in evidence as to which settlements could have been established directly by Goths.
4231:
3668:
4360:
4292:
1949:
4256:
392:. A complex series of wooden bridges and causeways built by the Wielbark culture were probably connected to this trade.
5403:
5162:
322:
Many of the cemetery stones were moved, and many graves were damaged by the early discoverers, particularly during the
180:
4317:
1023:
5233:
5116:
5081:
4307:
2469:
2259:
2251:
2079:
1837:
1795:
1767:
1739:
4019:
4447:
4062:
3442:
2431:
421:
312:
17:
5168:
4164:
3393:
2601:
1823:
131:
2210:
Zenczak M, Handschuh L, Juras A, Marcinkowska-Swojak M, Philips A, Piontek J, Stolarek I, Figlerowicz M (2017).
1696:
The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the Early Middle Ages. 500BC‒500AD
646:, many historians and archaeologists believe that the culture was politically dominated by the ancestors of the
354:
began to be more influential in northern Europe, there was relative consistency in burial practices between the
5645:
3383:
2651:
2456:
2316:
2025:
1931:
909:
5433:
5408:
4413:
1042:"he Wielbark and Przeworsk systems have come to be understood as thoroughly dominated by Germanic-speakers...
864:
5388:
4910:
4365:
4215:
4092:
2155:"Goth migration induced changes in the matrilineal genetic structure of the central-east European population"
1573:
173:
5174:
4921:
4420:
4381:
2532:
2098:"A mosaic genetic structure of the human population living in the South Baltic region during the Iron Age"
5640:
4625:
4152:
4039:
3829:
3706:
3435:
3398:
2411:
2212:"Y-chromosome haplogroup assignment through next generation sequencing of enriched ancient DNA libraries"
787:
598:
3911:
3901:
3846:
2037:"Odontological Analysis of Central European Populations from the Roman Period and the Early Middle Ages"
541:
In the first half of the 3rd century AD, the Wielbark culture expanded southwards along the Vistula and
5563:
4859:
4854:
4708:
4133:
4102:
3749:
3469:
2564:
2559:
1731:
954:
770:
of eastern and southern Europe. The mtDNA of the RoIA samples were found to be more closely related to
746:
702:
123:
112:
3997:
900:
5558:
5445:
4984:
3416:
2596:
2503:
2496:
2474:
2309:
1979:
1919:
Gothic connections: Contacts between eastern Scandinavia and the southern Baltic coast 1000 BC-500 AD
1721:
4267:
Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)
407:
and variations of cobble cladding. These stone circles might have been places of communal meetings.
5537:
5192:
5001:
4990:
4979:
2636:
2621:
2436:
2421:
2236:
3549:
5139:
5134:
5051:
4916:
4848:
4831:
4723:
4718:
4690:
4236:
3621:
2751:
2641:
2631:
2626:
2446:
2426:
2383:
2071:
1829:
1787:
990:
791:
682:
400:
373:
Instead, the artifacts found are mostly ornaments and costumes, although a few graves have shown
339:
3616:
5087:
4870:
4484:
4352:
4147:
3949:
3834:
3696:
3153:
2586:
2581:
2508:
2403:
555:
418:, the practice of both cremation and inhumation, and the lack of weapons deposited in burials.
4270:
4055:
4024:
1856:"Ancient DNA Reveals Matrilineal Continuity in Present-Day Poland over the Last Two Millennia"
377:, these being the only warrior attributes found. The people of the Wielbark culture used both
5226:
4905:
4875:
4740:
4673:
3678:
2451:
2341:
2159:
2102:
972:
837:
578:
534:. By 200 AD, people of the Wielbark culture appear to have been recruited as soldiers in the
296:
83:
4127:
3940:
3820:
566:
in the late 3rd century AD, which by the 4th century AD would cover a huge area between the
5092:
5057:
4703:
4504:
4489:
4157:
3771:
3606:
3458:
2542:
2513:
2416:
2172:
2115:
1941:
1873:
762:
758:
754:
276:. By the late 3rd century AD, the Wielbark culture had expanded into the area of the upper
5187:
Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution
4479:
4138:
3569:
1953:
8:
5527:
5128:
4995:
4949:
4768:
4758:
4590:
4499:
4474:
4221:
4087:
3744:
3378:
2591:
2017:
1671:, Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 9, Warszawa-Braunschweig, pp. 227–239
1575:
Y-chromosome analysis of Goths from the Maslomecz group cemeteries in southeastern Poland
799:
594:
563:
482:
281:
127:
4955:
4034:
2176:
2119:
1973:[A grave with Roman imports from Czarnówko, Lębork district, Pomerania, Poland]
1877:
1636:
1609:
805:
Stolarek et al. (2019) examined the mtDNA of 27 individuals from a Wielbark cemetery in
5589:
5476:
5423:
5104:
5075:
5063:
5012:
4961:
4926:
4763:
4524:
4226:
4072:
4029:
4002:
3992:
3872:
3867:
3734:
3729:
3646:
3611:
3559:
3554:
2761:
2613:
2552:
2441:
2373:
2349:
2193:
2154:
2136:
2097:
1923:
1896:
1855:
981:
514:
During the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, the Wielbark culture expanded into the lakelands (
5413:
4825:
4544:
4014:
3923:
3788:
701:
and Krajenskian lakelands (Odry and Węsiory sites) reaching into the Koszalin region (
5502:
5438:
5393:
5180:
5122:
5098:
4967:
4836:
4813:
4748:
4509:
4494:
3853:
3719:
3658:
3631:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3530:
2537:
2388:
2363:
2255:
2198:
2141:
2075:
2036:
2021:
1927:
1901:
1833:
1791:
1763:
1735:
1703:
1676:
1641:
849:
829:
734:
718:
697:. Appearing in the later 1st century, this type is found between the Vistula and the
686:
659:
523:
404:
261:
159:
73:
5466:
1988:
1669:
Interacting Barbarians. Contacts, Exchange and Migrations in the First Millennium AD
5568:
5522:
5512:
5428:
5219:
5150:
5144:
5006:
4932:
4864:
4819:
4656:
4514:
3783:
3673:
3641:
3581:
2960:
2332:
2243:
2232:
2188:
2180:
2131:
2123:
2007:
1891:
1881:
1815:
1631:
1621:
963:
817:
667:
531:
323:
273:
241:
143:
119:
5471:
5398:
753:(13) were examined. Wielbark samples were found to be primarily carrying types of
260:
in the 1st century AD, and subsequently expanded southwards at the expense of the
248:. It displays cultural links not only with its neighbours, but also with southern
5542:
5497:
5481:
5110:
5018:
4973:
4887:
4753:
4730:
4529:
4519:
4469:
4199:
4081:
3759:
3626:
3601:
2569:
2547:
2491:
2461:
2345:
2168:
2111:
2011:
1917:
1886:
1781:
1753:
1725:
500:
411:
253:
218:
210:
151:
69:
3982:
5635:
5584:
5532:
5352:
5286:
5069:
4585:
3977:
3683:
3544:
3243:
3027:
2691:
2378:
2184:
2127:
1819:
1626:
833:
825:
806:
738:
713:
Odontological analysis revealed that the Central European populations from the
499:
The Wielbark culture emerged in the 1st century AD around the same area as the
999:
5604:
5242:
5029:
4635:
4336:
4044:
3889:
3539:
3002:
2965:
2925:
2791:
2520:
2479:
2287:
2274:
1913:
1805:
1777:
1759:
1749:
1717:
821:
771:
670:
cultural horizon. In the past, the Wielbark culture was often connected with
663:
269:
163:
3104:
5579:
5574:
5281:
5256:
4600:
4539:
4451:
4067:
2696:
2686:
2669:
2486:
2202:
2145:
1905:
1645:
802:
samples. The females were most similar to Early-Middle Neolithic farmers.
714:
632:
492:
438:
351:
5337:
689:
next to them, reflect Scandinavian burial customs with a concentration in
366:
This is interpreted as being caused by an evolution in spiritual culture.
5291:
4662:
4640:
3701:
3178:
3136:
3059:
2972:
2840:
2830:
2741:
2525:
742:
671:
628:
582:
300:
249:
1665:"The Gothic migration through Eastern Poland – archaeological evidences"
694:
518:
and Krajenskian lakes) and stretched southwards, into the region around
458:
5367:
4698:
4630:
4007:
3427:
3355:
3143:
3126:
3074:
3064:
3049:
3017:
3007:
2885:
2835:
2711:
2706:
2674:
2393:
779:
550:
535:
389:
378:
245:
5306:
562:, the Wielbark culture played a decisive role in the formation of the
508:
5517:
5342:
4620:
4580:
3961:
3858:
3350:
3345:
3335:
3268:
3173:
3069:
3032:
3022:
2982:
2935:
2930:
2880:
2820:
2746:
2736:
2716:
2679:
2664:
571:
559:
542:
415:
382:
289:
5372:
5327:
5322:
5266:
2211:
1971:"Ein Grab mit römischen Importen aus Czarnówko,Kr. Lêbork (Pommern)"
1691:
1664:
1426:
619:
The Gutones have traditionally been equated to the ancestors of the
519:
504:
434:
229:
archaeological complex which flourished on the territory of today's
4595:
3972:
3967:
3323:
3308:
3288:
3273:
3253:
3228:
3213:
3208:
3188:
3158:
3148:
3099:
3089:
3084:
2915:
2900:
2875:
2855:
2825:
2815:
2810:
2781:
2776:
2766:
2701:
2659:
2368:
2301:
1860:
1610:"Genetic history of East-Central Europe in the first millennium CE"
636:
546:
515:
343:
277:
226:
147:
51:
5357:
5347:
5271:
4570:
3340:
3328:
3318:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3258:
3248:
3223:
3163:
3121:
3094:
3012:
2945:
2940:
2920:
2910:
2865:
2860:
2850:
2845:
2786:
2771:
2721:
1248:
891:
795:
690:
678:
643:
624:
613:
605:
527:
467:
359:
265:
257:
5211:
1783:
Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe
295:
In the 5th century AD, the Wielbark culture was replaced by the
5362:
5301:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4560:
3360:
3313:
3298:
3263:
3238:
3203:
3198:
3131:
3116:
3054:
2992:
2977:
2955:
2905:
2895:
2890:
2803:
2798:
2756:
2726:
750:
698:
674:, but such theories have been dismissed by modern scholarship.
655:
567:
558:
in 238 is probably connected with this expansion. North of the
285:
230:
41:
449:
5332:
5276:
5261:
4575:
4565:
3233:
3218:
3193:
3183:
3168:
3111:
3079:
3044:
3039:
2997:
2987:
2870:
2731:
2574:
1606:
1288:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
810:
775:
767:
730:
651:
647:
620:
609:
355:
319:
emergence and thus dating to the earlier, pre-Roman period".
237:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
5186:
3303:
2950:
1869:
374:
268:. This expansion has been associated by historians such as
1554:
1260:
774:
than any other modern population, while similarities with
681:
cemeteries on the Baltic Sea in Poland, which have raised
334:
5296:
4247:
Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania
1344:
1342:
1322:
1320:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1135:
832:
under the subclade I1-L1237 of the I1-Z63 branch, one to
284:
to its south, which encompassed a large area between the
1427:"Les origines des Goths et la civilisation de Wielbark."
1123:
1092:
1075:
1073:
4404:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
1307:
1305:
1303:
1499:
1480:
1449:
1399:
1361:
1339:
1317:
1224:
1468:
1205:
1186:
1070:
388:
The Wielbark culture played an important role in the
1542:
1300:
1104:
1014:
Migrations of Wielbark and Przeworsk cultures people
414:
brooches on each shoulder, the presence of Germanic
4252:
Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig
1530:
1380:
1060:
1058:
741:(RoIA) with that of populations from Poland in the
1809:
1437:
1968:
1518:
1294:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
745:. 24 samples of mtDNA from the Wielbark sites of
5602:
1055:
4446:
4387:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
1969:Maczynska, Magdalena; Rudnicka, Dorota (2004).
1716:
1254:
475: Wielbark culture in the early 3rd century
233:from the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD.
2209:
1560:
1167:
252:. The Wielbark culture replaced the preceding
5227:
4391:Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania
3443:
2317:
1987:(2). Verlag Henrich Editionen. Archived from
1019:Origins and expansion of the Wielbark culture
181:
5151:Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement
4674:Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians
4409:Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland
1662:
236:The Wielbark culture is associated with the
27:Archaeological culture in present-day Poland
2348:origin primarily identified as speakers of
2006:
1692:"The society of Wielbark culture, AD 1‒300"
708:
549:. Meanwhile, Pomeranian settlements by the
5234:
5220:
3450:
3436:
2324:
2310:
1708:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1689:
1681:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1510:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1491:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1460:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1410:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1391:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1372:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1353:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1331:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1280:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1240:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1216:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1197:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1159:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1129:
1115:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
1098:
1084:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeather2012 (
844:haplogroup R1a and one to haplogroup J2b.
425:Reconstruction of a Wielbark culture house
188:
174:
2192:
2135:
1895:
1885:
1698:, vol. 4, Warszawa, pp. 217‒255
1635:
1625:
3457:
2231:
2152:
2095:
1804:
1776:
1548:
1424:
1311:
642:Based upon the accounts of Jordanes and
616:as living in the same approximate area.
448:
420:
333:
4242:Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
3389:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
2067:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
2034:
1748:
1536:
1505:
1486:
1474:
1455:
1405:
1386:
1367:
1348:
1326:
1275:
1235:
1211:
1192:
1154:
1110:
1079:
14:
5603:
5491:Historical and prehistoric inhabitants
4397:Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany
4078:Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939
1912:
1581:European Association of Archaeologists
1443:
244:, and played an important role in the
5215:
4795:
4445:
4187:
3779:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3637:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3517:
3431:
2305:
2096:Stolarek, Ireneuz (6 February 2018).
2013:Early Germanic Literature and Culture
1940:
1853:
1694:, in Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz (ed.),
1524:
1064:
526:, which is often associated with the
5451:Third Millennium John Paul II Bridge
4669:WWII flight and expulsion of Germans
2331:
798:and late Neolithic Central European
4361:Evangelical State Church in Prussia
4088:Free City of Danzig 1920–1939
2059:
1950:pl:Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu
1180:
828:, 3 samples belonged to haplogroup
385:techniques for burying their dead.
280:, where it possibly influenced the
24:
5626:Archaeological cultures in Ukraine
5611:Archaeological cultures in Belarus
5404:General Stefan Grot-Rowecki Bridge
4188:
3518:
2224:
1588:from the original on 19 March 2023
824:. Out of the samples dated to the
503:, around the present day towns of
329:
25:
5657:
5621:Archaeological cultures in Poland
5616:Archaeological cultures of Europe
5460:Channels and artificial waterways
5241:
5082:North German Confederation Treaty
729:Juras et al. (2014) compared the
5571:(likely named after the Vistula)
4257:Apostolic Administration of Tütz
3669:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952
3412:
3411:
2153:Stolarek, Ireneuz (1 May 2019).
2035:Piontek, Janusz (January 2007).
1667:, in Cieśliński; Kontny (eds.),
1584:. 31 August – 3 September 2022.
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
733:of the Wielbark culture and the
94:
4165:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
4134:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998
4103:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975
3919:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3394:Christianization of Scandinavia
1854:Juras, Anna (22 October 2014).
1825:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
1727:The Goths in the Fourth Century
1600:
1566:
1418:
1036:
816:Zenczak et al. (2017) assigned
299:, which is associated with the
264:, which is associated with the
4313:Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień
4123:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
4113:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
4108:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
4020:Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo
3936:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
3931:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3816:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
3811:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
3806:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
3801:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3689:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
3664:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3384:Christianization of the Franks
2457:Continental Germanic mythology
2252:Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis
2064:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
2010:; Read, Malcolm Kevin (2004).
13:
1:
5419:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Bridge
4366:Pomeranian Evangelical Church
4303:Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg
4216:Christianization of Pomerania
4093:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
4063:Free City of Danzig 1807–1814
2041:Humanbiologia Budapestinensis
1946:"The Goths in Greater Poland"
1295:Maczynska & Rudnicka 2004
1049:
5175:Treaty of Good Neighbourship
5025:Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
4796:
4714:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
4421:Pentecostal Church in Poland
4382:Protestant Church in Germany
4118:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
4098:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975
1887:10.1371/journal.pone.0110839
1755:The Fall of the Roman Empire
1663:Andrzejowski, Jacek (2019),
1024:Wielbark culture and burials
588:
306:
7:
5631:Iron Age cultures of Europe
5169:German–Polish Border Treaty
5163:German Reunification Treaty
4414:Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław
4153:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
4040:State of the Teutonic Order
3830:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
3707:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
3399:Christianization of Iceland
2246:; Munkhammar, Lars (eds.).
1578:. 28th EAA Annual Meeting.
1255:Heather & Matthews 1991
1007:
724:
599:Origin stories of the Goths
581:, which is associated with
10:
5662:
5058:Polish Partitions Treaties
2185:10.1038/s41598-019-43183-w
2128:10.1038/s41598-018-20705-6
1732:Liverpool University Press
1655:
1627:10.1186/s13059-023-03013-9
1425:Kazanski, Michael (2020),
856:
592:
444:
215:Wielbark-Willenberg-Kultur
5551:
5490:
5459:
5381:
5315:
5249:
5038:
4942:
4806:
4802:
4791:
4739:
4689:
4682:
4649:
4553:
4462:
4458:
4441:
4374:
4344:
4335:
4280:
4262:Prelature of Schneidemühl
4207:
4198:
4194:
4183:
4073:Posen-West Prussia Region
3960:
3845:
3717:
3528:
3524:
3513:
3465:
3407:
3369:
2650:
2612:
2402:
2356:
2339:
2237:"The Goths in ca. 311 AD"
1690:Cieśliński, Adam (2016),
79:
65:
57:
47:
37:
5538:Vistula delta Mennonites
5193:Treaty of Accession 2003
4650:Major demographic events
4222:Diocese of Wollin/Cammin
3912:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
3907:Brandenburgian Pomerania
3767:Brandenburgian Pomerania
3470:10,000 BC – 600 AD
2637:North Germanic languages
2622:Germanic parent language
2216:Anthropological Genetics
1029:
737:, both belonging to the
709:Physical characteristics
485:in the early 4th century
5434:Silesian–Dąbrowa Bridge
5060:(1772/1773, 1793, 1795)
4463:Archaeological cultures
3622:Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
2642:West Germanic languages
2632:East Germanic languages
2627:Proto-Germanic language
2447:Proto-Germanic folklore
2384:Romano-Germanic culture
2072:Oxford University Press
1830:Oxford University Press
1788:Oxford University Press
792:Western Hunter-Gatherer
5564:Vistula–Oder offensive
5088:Peace of Prague (1866)
4683:Languages and dialects
4353:Protestant Reformation
4148:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4051:Pomeranian Voivodeship
3950:Pomeranian Voivodeship
3895:Pomeranian Voivodeship
3835:Pomeranian Voivodeship
3697:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1431:Dossiers d'Archéologie
522:. Here it ejected the
496:
426:
350:Before 1 AD, when the
347:
272:with the contemporary
222:
214:
106:protohistory of Poland
5646:Prehistory of Prussia
5559:Vistula–Bug offensive
5389:Anna Jagiellon Bridge
4929:(1448/1468/1472/1479)
4298:Archdiocese of Gdańsk
4288:Archdiocese of Berlin
3679:Bezirk Neubrandenburg
3550:Principality of Rügen
2452:Anglo-Saxon mythology
2342:Ethnolinguistic group
2160:Nature Communications
2103:Nature Communications
2060:Rau, Andreas (2018).
1818:; Spawforth, Antony;
579:Sukow-Dziedzice group
452:
424:
342:in northern Poland –
337:
297:Sukow-Dziedzice group
84:Sukow-Dziedzice group
5446:Świętokrzyski Bridge
4922:Thorn, Second (1466)
4323:Diocese of Włocławek
4293:Diocese of Bydgoszcz
3902:Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn
3772:Starostwo of Draheim
3617:Pomerania-Rügenwalde
3607:Pomerania-Neustettin
3459:History of Pomerania
2018:Boydell & Brewer
782:were also detected.
5409:John Paul II Bridge
5013:Wehlau and Bromberg
4271:Gorzów Wielkopolski
4237:Diocese of Roskilde
4056:Chełmno Voivodeship
4025:Duchy of Białogarda
3379:Gothic Christianity
2284: /
2177:2019NatSR...9.6737S
2120:2018NatSR...8.2455S
1878:2014PLoSO...9k0839J
1561:Zenczak et al. 2017
1278:, pp. 117–120.
1157:, pp. 103–107.
800:Bell Beaker culture
595:Origin of the Goths
564:Chernyakhov culture
483:Chernyakhov culture
282:Chernyakhov culture
124:Bronze and Iron Age
34:
5641:Prehistoric Poland
5590:Vistula University
5477:Vistula Spit canal
5424:Poniatowski Bridge
5117:Molotov–Ribbentrop
5105:Prussian Concordat
5039:1700–present
4900:Eberswalde, Second
4709:Central Pomeranian
4626:German Pomeranians
4591:Slavic Pomeranians
4480:Ertebølle-Ellerbek
4308:Diocese of Pelplin
4232:Diocese of Chełmno
4227:Diocese of Kolberg
4128:Słupsk Voivodeship
4030:Duchy of Lubiszewo
4003:Duchy of Pomerelia
3941:Słupsk Voivodeship
3873:House of Pomerania
3868:Duchy of Pomerania
3821:Słupsk Voivodeship
3794:List of placenames
3735:House of Pomerania
3730:Duchy of Pomerania
3652:List of placenames
3612:Pomerania-Stargard
3560:House of Pomerania
3555:Duchy of Pomerania
3505:1945–present
2762:Germani cisrhenani
2470:Funerary practices
2374:Pre-Roman Iron Age
2350:Germanic languages
2254:. pp. 71–96.
2062:"Wielbark Culture"
1942:Makiewicz, Tadeusz
1924:Uppsala University
1257:, pp. 63, 91.
545:towards the upper
497:
427:
348:
223:Kultura wielbarska
38:Geographical range
32:
5598:
5597:
5503:Przeworsk culture
5439:Solidarity Bridge
5394:Cross-City Bridge
5382:Notable crossings
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
4882:Eberswalde, First
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4510:Nordic Bronze Age
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4331:
4330:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4139:Toruń Voivodeship
3854:Farther Pomerania
3720:Farther Pomerania
3659:Enclave of Police
3632:Swedish Pomerania
3597:Pomerania-Wolgast
3592:Pomerania-Schlawe
3587:Pomerania-Stettin
3531:Western Pomerania
3425:
3424:
2597:Gothic and Vandal
2389:Germanic Iron Age
2364:Nordic Bronze Age
2346:Northern European
2288:54.033°N 19.050°E
2233:Kokowski, Andrzej
1816:Hornblower, Simon
818:Y-DNA haplogroups
757:, while types of
735:Przeworsk culture
719:Early Middle Ages
666:places it in the
660:Przeworsk culture
554:Gothic attack on
524:Przeworsk culture
262:Przeworsk culture
198:
197:
160:Przeworsk culture
132:Early Middle Ages
89:
88:
74:Przeworsk culture
16:(Redirected from
5653:
5569:Vistula, Indiana
5552:Related articles
5513:Lusatian culture
5508:Wielbark culture
5429:Siekierki Bridge
5236:
5229:
5222:
5213:
5212:
5181:Polish Concordat
5145:Helsinki Accords
5099:Polish Concordat
4860:Stralsund (1370)
4855:Stralsund (1354)
4804:
4803:
4793:
4792:
4687:
4686:
4657:Migration Period
4545:Dębczyn (Denzin)
4460:
4459:
4443:
4442:
4342:
4341:
4318:Diocese of Toruń
4205:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4185:
4184:
4035:Duchy of Świecie
3998:Danish Pomerelia
3993:Polish Pomerelia
3986:
3861:
3674:Bezirk Frankfurt
3647:Stralsund Region
3582:Pomerania-Demmin
3526:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3415:
3414:
3371:Christianization
2961:Ripuarian Franks
2333:Germanic peoples
2326:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2265:
2248:Wulfila 311-2011
2241:
2219:
2206:
2196:
2149:
2139:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2031:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1994:on 7 August 2007
1993:
1976:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1956:on 14 April 2012
1952:. Archived from
1937:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1828:(4th ed.).
1813:
1801:
1773:
1745:
1713:
1707:
1699:
1686:
1680:
1672:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1273:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1152:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1043:
1040:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
532:Marcomannic Wars
490:
480:
474:
465:
456:
324:Second World War
274:Marcomannic Wars
242:Germanic peoples
209:
202:Wielbark culture
190:
183:
176:
156:Wielbark culture
144:Lusatian culture
98:
91:
90:
35:
33:Wielbark culture
31:
21:
18:Wielbark Culture
5661:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5547:
5543:Vistula Germans
5498:Oksywie culture
5486:
5482:Bydgoszcz Canal
5455:
5414:Łazienki Bridge
5377:
5311:
5245:
5240:
5210:
5197:
5111:Reichskonkordat
5034:
4943:1500–1700
4938:
4911:Brześć Kujawski
4871:Raciążek (1404)
4807:1200–1500
4798:
4775:
4735:
4731:Standard German
4724:West Pomeranian
4719:East Pomeranian
4678:
4645:
4549:
4454:
4425:
4370:
4327:
4276:
4190:
4171:
4158:Gmina Biały Bór
4082:Polish Corridor
4015:Duchy of Gdańsk
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3956:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3847:Lauenburg-Bütow
3841:
3760:Pomerania-Stolp
3723:
3722:
3713:
3627:Pomerania-Barth
3602:Pomerania-Stolp
3533:
3520:
3509:
3500:1933–1945
3495:1806–1933
3490:1500–1806
3485:1300–1500
3480:1100–1300
3461:
3456:
3426:
3421:
3403:
3365:
2646:
2608:
2570:Gothic alphabet
2462:Norse mythology
2398:
2352:
2335:
2330:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2239:
2227:
2225:Further reading
2222:
2169:Nature Research
2112:Nature Research
2086:
2084:
2082:
2050:
2048:
2028:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1974:
1959:
1957:
1934:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1820:Eidinow, Esther
1798:
1770:
1742:
1701:
1700:
1674:
1673:
1658:
1653:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1136:
1130:Cieśliński 2016
1128:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1099:Cieśliński 2016
1097:
1093:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1010:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
727:
711:
685:, and solitary
601:
591:
501:Oksywie culture
495:
488:
486:
478:
476:
472:
470:
463:
461:
454:
447:
332:
330:Characteristics
309:
254:Oksywie culture
205:
194:
162:
158:
154:
152:Oksywie culture
150:
146:
130:
126:
122:
105:
70:Oksywie culture
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5659:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5587:
5585:Vistula Lagoon
5582:
5577:
5572:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5533:Vistula Veneti
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5467:Augustów Canal
5463:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5239:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5216:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5004:
5002:Stettin (1653)
4999:
4993:
4991:Stettin (1630)
4988:
4982:
4980:Stettin (1570)
4977:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4953:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4930:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:Łęczyca (1433)
4903:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4810:
4808:
4800:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4695:
4693:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4586:Vistula Veneti
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:Linear Pottery
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4348:
4346:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4211:
4209:
4202:
4200:Roman Catholic
4192:
4191:
4189:Ecclesiastical
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4150:
4142:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3978:Tuchola Forest
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3944:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3864:
3862:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3824:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3784:Stettin Region
3776:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3686:
3684:Bezirk Rostock
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:Stettin Region
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3552:
3547:
3545:Northern March
3542:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3521:
3519:Administrative
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3475:600–1100
3472:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3028:Thracian Goths
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Roman Iron Age
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2293:54.033; 19.050
2267:
2266:
2260:
2244:Kaliff, Anders
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2207:
2150:
2093:
2080:
2057:
2032:
2026:
2008:Murdoch, Brian
2004:
1966:
1938:
1932:
1914:Kaliff, Anders
1910:
1851:
1838:
1806:Heather, Peter
1802:
1796:
1778:Heather, Peter
1774:
1768:
1750:Heather, Peter
1746:
1740:
1722:Matthews, John
1718:Heather, Peter
1714:
1687:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1614:Genome Biology
1599:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1508:, p. 392.
1498:
1489:, p. 679.
1479:
1467:
1458:, p. 222.
1448:
1436:
1417:
1408:, p. 413.
1398:
1379:
1370:, p. 130.
1360:
1351:, p. 147.
1338:
1329:, p. 592.
1316:
1299:
1287:
1259:
1247:
1238:, p. 146.
1223:
1214:, p. 134.
1204:
1195:, p. 139.
1185:
1166:
1134:
1132:, p. 222.
1122:
1103:
1101:, p. 219.
1091:
1082:, p. 125.
1069:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
997:
995:
988:
986:
979:
977:
970:
968:
961:
959:
952:
950:
943:
941:
934:
932:
925:
923:
916:
914:
907:
905:
898:
896:
889:
887:
880:
878:
871:
869:
862:
858:
855:
826:Roman Iron Age
739:Roman Iron Age
726:
723:
710:
707:
635:as related in
590:
587:
487:
477:
471:
462:
453:
446:
443:
331:
328:
308:
305:
196:
195:
193:
192:
185:
178:
170:
167:
166:
140:
139:
135:
134:
116:
115:
109:
108:
104:Prehistory and
100:
99:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
67:
63:
62:
61:ca. 100–400 AD
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5658:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5472:Przekop Wisły
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5399:Gdańsk Bridge
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5243:Vistula River
5237:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5157:Two Plus Four
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5140:Warsaw (1970)
5138:
5136:
5135:Moscow (1970)
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5052:Frederiksborg
5050:
5048:(1719 / 1720)
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Soldin (1466)
4915:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4832:Soldin (1309)
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4790:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4691:West Germanic
4688:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4182:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:Contemporary
4143:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:Royal Prussia
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:Contemporary
3945:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3924:Köslin Region
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3890:Royal Prussia
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:List of Dukes
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3851:classified as
3848:
3844:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:Contemporary
3825:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:Köslin Region
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:Schlawe-Stolp
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:List of Dukes
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:Contemporary
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:List of Dukes
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Billung March
3538:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Crimean Goths
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2966:Salian Franks
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2404:Early culture
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2263:
2261:9789155486648
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2083:
2081:9780191744457
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1841:
1839:9780191735257
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1797:9780199892266
1793:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1769:9780330529839
1765:
1761:
1760:Pan Macmillan
1757:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1741:9780853234265
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1549:Stolarek 2018
1545:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1483:
1477:, p. 87.
1476:
1471:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1312:Stolarek 2019
1308:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1113:, p. 56.
1112:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
983:
978:
974:
969:
965:
960:
956:
951:
947:
942:
938:
933:
929:
924:
920:
915:
911:
906:
902:
897:
893:
888:
884:
879:
875:
870:
866:
861:
860:
854:
851:
845:
841:
839:
836:, and one to
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
790:(a typically
789:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
722:
720:
716:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:stone circles
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
664:Peter Heather
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
600:
596:
586:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
494:
484:
469:
460:
451:
442:
440:
436:
432:
423:
419:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
401:stone circles
397:
393:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
363:
361:
357:
353:
345:
341:
336:
327:
325:
320:
316:
314:
304:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:Peter Heather
267:
263:
259:
256:on the lower
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
191:
186:
184:
179:
177:
172:
171:
169:
168:
165:
164:Polish tribes
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
102:
101:
97:
93:
92:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
30:
19:
5580:Vistula Spit
5575:Vistula Land
5507:
4876:Thorn, First
4704:Low Prussian
4661:
4534:
4505:Comb Ceramic
4490:Funnelbeaker
4452:anthropology
4351:
4269:with see in
4214:
4068:West Prussia
3983:Chełmno Land
2697:Anglo-Saxons
2687:Adrabaecampi
2670:Bucinobantes
2412:Architecture
2269:
2247:
2215:
2164:
2158:
2107:
2101:
2085:. Retrieved
2066:
2049:. Retrieved
2044:
2040:
2012:
1996:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1984:
1978:
1958:. Retrieved
1954:the original
1918:
1865:
1859:
1843:. Retrieved
1824:
1782:
1754:
1726:
1695:
1668:
1617:
1613:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1579:
1574:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1537:Piontek 2007
1532:
1520:
1506:Heather 2012
1501:
1487:Heather 2012
1482:
1475:Heather 2010
1470:
1456:Heather 2012
1451:
1439:
1430:
1420:
1406:Heather 2012
1401:
1387:Heather 2012
1382:
1368:Heather 2012
1363:
1349:Heather 2012
1327:Heather 2012
1290:
1276:Heather 2012
1250:
1236:Heather 2012
1212:Heather 2012
1207:
1193:Heather 2012
1188:
1155:Heather 2012
1125:
1111:Heather 2012
1106:
1094:
1080:Heather 2012
1038:
846:
842:
815:
804:
784:
755:haplogroup H
728:
715:Roman period
712:
676:
662:, historian
641:
633:Gothiscandza
618:
602:
576:
540:
513:
498:
493:Roman Empire
439:Suebian knot
428:
409:
398:
394:
387:
372:
368:
364:
352:Roman empire
349:
340:stone circle
321:
317:
310:
294:
240:and related
235:
201:
199:
155:
29:
5528:Pomeranians
5250:Tributaries
5030:Lund (1679)
4843:Ueckermünde
4741:West Slavic
4663:Ostsiedlung
4641:Slovincians
4500:Corded Ware
4475:Maglemosian
3702:Brandenburg
3137:Nahanarvali
3060:Hilleviones
2973:Frisiavones
2841:Cananefates
2831:Burgundians
2742:Banochaemae
2592:Anglo-Saxon
2543:Anglo-Saxon
2509:Anglo-Saxon
2492:Anglo-Saxon
2475:Anglo-Saxon
2291: /
2087:20 February
2051:20 February
1960:20 February
1872:: e110839.
1845:20 February
1444:Kaliff 2001
743:Middle Ages
672:Early Slavs
629:Scandinavia
583:Early Slavs
441:hairstyle.
403:, solitary
301:Early Slavs
250:Scandinavia
80:Followed by
66:Preceded by
5605:Categories
5368:Sandomierz
5093:Versailles
4996:Westphalia
4769:Slovincian
4759:Pomeranian
4699:Low German
4631:Kashubians
4525:Pomeranian
4448:Demography
4345:Historical
4337:Protestant
4208:Historical
4047:1466–1793
4008:Samborides
3883:Partitions
3755:Partitions
3575:Partitions
3356:Vinoviloth
3144:Marcomanni
3127:Helveconae
3105:Heaðobards
3075:Istvaeones
3065:Ingaevones
3050:Hermunduri
3018:Ostrogoths
3008:Greuthungi
2886:Chattuarii
2712:Angrivarii
2707:Ampsivarii
2675:Lentienses
2504:Literature
2394:Viking Age
2027:157113199X
1998:28 January
1933:9150614827
1620:(1): 173.
1065:Juras 2014
1050:References
780:West Slavs
778:and other
593:See also:
551:Baltic Sea
536:Roman Army
416:longhouses
390:Amber Road
379:inhumation
246:Amber Road
113:Chronology
5518:Vistulans
5353:Włocławek
5343:Bydgoszcz
5338:Grudziądz
5129:Zgorzelec
5046:Stockholm
4985:Franzburg
4894:Perleberg
4764:Kashubian
4621:Velunzani
4581:Vidivarii
4495:Havelland
4273:1945–1972
4141:1975–1998
4130:1975–1998
3962:Pomerelia
3943:1975–1998
3859:Pomerelia
3823:1975–1998
3351:Vidivarii
3346:Victohali
3336:Vangiones
3269:Thuringii
3174:Nuithones
3070:Irminones
3033:Visigoths
3023:Thervingi
2983:Gambrivii
2936:Dulgubnii
2931:Dauciones
2881:Chasuarii
2821:Brondings
2747:Bastarnae
2737:Baiuvarii
2717:Armalausi
2680:Raetovari
2614:Languages
2582:Symbology
2442:Folklore
2437:Festivals
1808:(2012b).
1780:(2012a).
1525:Makiewicz
807:Masłomęcz
749:(11) and
747:Kowalewko
703:Grzybnica
699:Kashubian
589:Ethnicity
572:Don River
560:Black Sea
516:Kashubian
431:Czarnówko
383:cremation
307:Discovery
290:Don River
207:‹See Tfd›
128:Antiquity
120:Stone Age
4968:Augsburg
4962:Grimnitz
4927:Prenzlau
4797:Treaties
4749:Polabian
4596:Prissani
4535:Wielbark
4515:Lusatian
3973:Kociewie
3968:Kashubia
3417:Category
3324:Hasdingi
3309:Usipetes
3289:Tubantes
3274:Toxandri
3254:Tencteri
3229:Suarines
3214:Sicambri
3209:Semnones
3189:Reudigni
3159:Mattiaci
3149:Marsacii
3100:Lombards
3090:Lacringi
3085:Juthungi
2916:Corconti
2901:Cherusci
2876:Charudes
2856:Chaedini
2826:Bructeri
2811:Bateinoi
2782:Eburones
2777:Condrusi
2772:Caeroesi
2767:Atuatuci
2702:Ambrones
2665:Brisgavi
2660:Alemanni
2538:Paganism
2427:Clothing
2422:Calendar
2369:Germania
2235:(2011).
2203:31043639
2171:: 6737.
2167:(6737).
2146:29410482
2114:: 2455.
2110:(2455).
1980:Germania
1916:(2001).
1906:25337992
1861:PLOS One
1822:(eds.).
1752:(2010).
1724:(1991).
1704:citation
1677:citation
1646:37488661
1637:10364380
1592:6 August
1586:Archived
1181:Rau 2018
1008:See also
725:Genetics
717:and the
695:Götaland
668:Germanic
637:Jordanes
570:and the
547:Dniester
459:Götaland
344:Kashubia
313:Wielbark
288:and the
278:Dniester
227:Iron Age
225:) is an
148:Biskupin
52:Iron Age
5307:Wisłoka
5272:Dunajec
5123:Potsdam
4837:Templin
4814:Kremmen
4571:Lemovii
4554:Peoples
4530:Oksywie
4520:Jastorf
4470:Hamburg
3570:Gützkow
3341:Varisci
3329:Silingi
3319:Vandals
3294:Tulingi
3284:Triboci
3279:Treveri
3259:Teutons
3249:Taifals
3224:Sitones
3164:Nemetes
3122:Helisii
3095:Lemovii
3013:Gutones
2946:Firaesi
2941:Favonae
2921:Cugerni
2911:Cobandi
2866:Chamavi
2861:Chaemae
2851:Casuari
2846:Caritni
2816:Betasii
2787:Paemani
2722:Auiones
2587:Warfare
2565:Scripts
2533:Numbers
2357:History
2279:19°03′E
2276:54°02′N
2194:6494872
2173:Bibcode
2137:5802798
2116:Bibcode
2047:: 77–86
1897:4206425
1874:Bibcode
1811:"Goths"
1656:Sources
857:Gallery
850:I1-M253
796:Jutland
705:site).
691:Gotland
644:Tacitus
625:Scandza
614:Lemovii
606:Gutones
556:Histria
528:Vandals
509:Chełmno
468:Gotland
445:History
360:Vistula
266:Vandals
258:Vistula
5523:Polans
5373:Kraków
5363:Warsaw
5328:Elbląg
5323:Gdańsk
5316:Cities
5302:Wieprz
5287:Pilica
5267:Drwęca
5189:(1996)
5183:(1993)
5177:(1991)
5171:(1991)
5165:(1990)
5159:(1990)
5153:(1989)
5147:(1975)
5131:(1951)
5125:(1945)
5119:(1939)
5113:(1933)
5107:(1929)
5101:(1925)
5095:(1919)
5084:(1866)
5078:(1815)
5076:Vienna
5072:(1814)
5066:(1807)
5064:Tilsit
5054:(1720)
5021:(1660)
5015:(1657)
5009:(1656)
5007:Labiau
4998:(1648)
4987:(1627)
4976:(1569)
4974:Lublin
4970:(1555)
4964:(1529)
4958:(1525)
4956:Kraków
4952:(1521)
4935:(1493)
4933:Pyritz
4913:(1435)
4902:(1427)
4896:(1427)
4890:(1422)
4884:(1415)
4878:(1411)
4867:(1390)
4865:Pyzdry
4851:(1343)
4849:Kalisz
4845:(1327)
4839:(1317)
4828:(1282)
4822:(1250)
4820:Landin
4816:(1236)
4754:Polish
4616:Lutici
4611:Veleti
4606:Ukrani
4561:Gepids
4540:Gustow
4375:Extant
4281:Extant
3745:Cammin
3361:Warini
3314:Vagoth
3299:Tungri
3264:Thelir
3244:Swedes
3239:Sunici
3204:Saxons
3199:Rugini
3132:Manimi
3117:Diduni
3055:Heruli
2993:Gepids
2978:Frisii
2956:Franks
2906:Cimbri
2896:Chauci
2891:Chatti
2804:Nervii
2799:Morini
2757:Belgae
2752:Batavi
2727:Avarpi
2692:Angles
2652:Groups
2602:Viking
2548:Gothic
2526:Gothic
2432:Family
2258:
2201:
2191:
2144:
2134:
2078:
2024:
1930:
1904:
1894:
1868:(10).
1836:
1794:
1766:
1738:
1644:
1634:
751:Rogowo
687:stelae
679:Barrow
656:Gepids
568:Danube
520:Poznań
505:Gdańsk
491:
489:
481:
479:
473:
466:
464:
457:
455:
435:Lębork
412:fibula
405:stelae
286:Danube
231:Poland
219:Polish
211:German
138:Topics
48:Period
42:Poland
5636:Goths
5358:Płock
5348:Toruń
5333:Tczew
5277:Narew
5262:Bzura
5019:Oliva
4950:Thorn
4888:Melno
4826:Kępno
4636:Poles
4576:Rugii
4566:Goths
3234:Suebi
3219:Sciri
3194:Rugii
3184:Quadi
3169:Njars
3154:Marsi
3112:Lugii
3080:Jutes
3045:Harii
3040:Gutes
2998:Goths
2988:Geats
2926:Danes
2871:Chali
2792:Segni
2732:Baemi
2575:Runes
2560:Rings
2553:Norse
2521:Names
2514:Norse
2497:Norse
2480:Norse
2242:. In
2240:(PDF)
1992:(PDF)
1975:(PDF)
1814:. In
1433:(398)
1030:Notes
811:Goths
776:Balts
772:Poles
768:Slavs
731:mtDNA
652:Rugii
648:Goths
631:) to
623:from
621:Goths
610:Rugii
433:near
375:spurs
356:Rhine
238:Goths
58:Dates
5282:Nida
5257:Brda
5070:Kiel
4601:Rani
4450:and
3304:Ubii
2951:Fosi
2836:Buri
2256:ISBN
2199:PMID
2142:PMID
2089:2020
2076:ISBN
2053:2020
2022:ISBN
2000:2020
1962:2020
1928:ISBN
1902:PMID
1870:PLOS
1847:2020
1834:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1736:ISBN
1710:link
1683:link
1642:PMID
1594:2023
1512:help
1493:help
1462:help
1412:help
1393:help
1374:help
1355:help
1333:help
1282:help
1242:help
1218:help
1199:help
1161:help
1117:help
1086:help
838:I2a2
761:and
693:and
654:and
612:and
597:and
507:and
381:and
358:and
311:The
200:The
5297:Wda
5292:San
3857:or
3179:Osi
2487:Law
2417:Art
2344:of
2189:PMC
2181:doi
2132:PMC
2124:doi
1892:PMC
1882:doi
1632:PMC
1622:doi
834:R1b
788:U5b
766:to
543:Bug
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2250:.
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2043:.
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2020:.
2016:.
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1983:.
1977:.
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