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in Europe (in 1940). Kolff's first prototype dialyzer was developed in 1943, built from orange juice cans, used auto parts, and sausage casings. Over a two-year span, Kolff had attempted to treat 15 people with his machine, but all had died. In 1945, Kolff successfully treated his first patient, a
486:
Kolff is considered to be the Father of
Artificial Organs, and is regarded as one of the most important physicians of the 20th century. He obtained more than 12 honorary doctorates at universities all over the world, and more than 120 international awards, among them the
410:
against the German occupation. Simultaneously, Kolff developed the first functioning artificial kidney. He treated his first patient in 1943, and in 1945 he was able to save a patient's life with hemodialysis treatment. In 1946 he obtained a PhD degree
431:
When the war ended, Kolff donated his artificial kidneys to other hospitals to spread familiarity with the technology. In Europe, Kolff sent machines to London, Amsterdam, and Poland. Another machine sent to Dr. Isidore
Snapper at
455:
he developed the first production artificial kidney, the Kolff
Brigham Artificial Kidney, manufactured by the Edward A. Olson Co. in Boston Massachusetts, and later the Travenol Twin-Coil Artificial Kidney.
1619:
1614:
548:. On February 29, 2012, Yad Vashem recognized Willem Johan Kolff and his wife as Righteous Among the Nations, for their part in concealing a Jewish medical colleague and his son.
488:
80:
956:
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in New York City was used to perform the first human dialysis in the United States on
January 26, 1948 under the supervision of Drs. Alfred P. Fishman and Irving Kroop.
350:. He emigrated in 1950 to the United States, where he obtained US citizenship in 1955, and received a number of awards and widespread recognition for his work.
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The article was written by Sven T. Davies and the
Encyclopedia was published by the University of Utah Press. ISBN 9780874804256. Archived from
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386:. This prompted Kolff to perform research on artificial renal function replacement. Also during his residency, Kolff organized the first
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463:'s Division of Artificial Organs and Institute for Biomedical Engineering in 1967, where he was involved in the development of the
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88:
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541:, the inventor of the silicone spiral coil membrane lung and pioneer of artificial organ development, was inspired by Kolff.
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Trahanas, John M.; Kolobow, Mary Anne; Hardy, Mark A.; Berra, Lorenzo; Zapol, Warren M.; Bartlett, Robert H. (2016).
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to maintain heart and pulmonary function during cardiac surgery. He also improved on his dialysis machine. At
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included him in its list of the 100 Most
Important Persons of the 20th Century. He was a co-nominee with
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471:, who survived for four months, with the heart still functioning at the time of Clark's death.
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family. He made his major discoveries in the field of dialysis for kidney failure during the
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949:
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Kolff died three days short of his 98th birthday on
February 11, 2009, in a care center in
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on the subject. It marks the start of a treatment that has saved the lives of millions of
8:
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928:- Groningen, The Netherlands. Research Institute within the UMCG named after W. J. Kolff
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beginning in 1971, credited Kolff with inspiring him to develop the first permanent
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Editor, Ă–GV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade
Association. Ă–GV. Austria.
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The Nuts and Bolts of Life: Willem Kolff and the
Invention of the Kidney Machine
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In 1950, Kolff left the
Netherlands to seek opportunities in the US. At the
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382:. One of his first patients was a 22-year-old man who was slowly dying of
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917:- Kampen, The Netherlands foundation honouring the life and work of Kolff
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857:
Inventor for Life: The Story of W. J. Kolff, Father of Artificial Organs
1460:
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1203:
1150:
1029:
761:""Treating Lungs"- The Scientific Contributions of Dr. Theodor Kolobow"
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211:
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326:(February 14, 1911 – February 11, 2009) was a pioneer of
367:
666:
Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis: A Text Book of Dialysis
1620:
Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
359:
127:
42:
725:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
1615:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
489:
Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh
339:
81:
Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh
366:, Kolff was the eldest of a family of 5 boys. Kolff studied
758:
920:
525:
for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003.
467:, the first of which was implanted in 1982 in patient
575:"Willem J. Kolff, M.D, Ph.D. Biography and Interview"
898:
on November 3, 2022 and retrieved on June 12, 2024.
474:In 1976 Kolff became a corresponding member of the
451:, with funding from New York real estate developer
662:
645:"Kolff, 'father of artificial organs,' dies at 97"
509:Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
391:67-year-old woman, from kidney failure using his
1551:
705:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
653:, February 11, 2009. Accessed February 11, 2009.
423:or chronic kidney failure patients ever since.
476:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
957:
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921:Familievereniging Kolff Family Association
529:, who worked in Kolff's laboratory at the
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621:
589:
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639:
637:
635:
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443:, he was involved in the development of
491:in 1964, the Golden Plate Award of the
89:Gairdner Foundation International Award
1552:
683:
595:
945:
663:John Francis Maher (1 January 1989).
630:
1570:Dutch emigrants to the United States
334:, as well as in the entire field of
16:Dutch medical researcher (1911–2009)
932:Obituary in the Telegraph newspaper
13:
878:
703:"Willem Johan Kolff (1911 - 2009)"
14:
1641:
1610:Dutch Righteous Among the Nations
902:
374:, and continued as a resident in
874:. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 1987.
872:Genesis of the artificial kidney
501:AMA Scientific Achievement Award
426:
180:
1625:20th-century American inventors
1391:/ John Frederick Grassle (2013)
809:
752:
733:American Academy of Achievement
583:American Academy of Achievement
493:American Academy of Achievement
1585:University of Groningen alumni
937:Obituary in the New York Times
739:
717:
695:
567:
558:
353:
1:
1101:Ernest John Christopher Polge
602:Texas Heart Institute Journal
551:
406:, where he was active in the
338:. Willem was a member of the
1605:American medical researchers
1575:20th-century Dutch inventors
777:10.1097/MAT.0000000000000323
690:New York Times: "DAVID ROSE"
449:Brigham and Women's Hospital
7:
844:. Sutton Publishing, 2003.
10:
1646:
1590:University of Utah faculty
891:Utah History Encyclopedia.
834:
596:Cooley, Denton A. (2009).
1470:
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1196:
1117:William Hayward Pickering
1061:
992:Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir
980:
911:at the University of Utah
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162:
152:
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119:
76:
53:
28:
21:
1630:Leiden University alumni
669:. Springer. p. 33.
324:Willem Johan "Pim" Kolff
1258:/ Keith J. Sainsbury /
859:. B&V Media, 2007.
417:University of Groningen
1600:American nephrologists
1429:Emmanuelle Charpentier
1048:Frank Sherwood Rowland
915:Willem Kolff Stichting
459:He became head of the
384:chronic kidney failure
817:"Yad Vashem Web Site"
749:, March 2, 2009, p.18
342:family, an old Dutch
1534:John Michael Wallace
926:W.J. Kolff Institute
870:Patrick T. McBride,
434:Mount Sinai Hospital
380:Groningen University
133:De kunstmatige nier
1580:Dutch nephrologists
1518:/ Kazuo Hagimoto /
1357:Tadamitsu Kishimoto
1087:Jacques-Louis Lions
729:www.achievement.org
579:www.achievement.org
445:heart-lung machines
421:acute kidney injury
370:in his hometown at
104:Wilhelm Exner Medal
1595:People from Leiden
1496:Robert A. Weinberg
1478:Robert G. Gallager
1423:Steven D. Tanksley
1409:Theodore Friedmann
1312:Victor A. McKusick
1270:Masatoshi Takeichi
1218:Timothy R. Parsons
1214:John B. Goodenough
1208:Kimishige Ishizaka
1183:Jack L. Strominger
1179:W. Wesley Peterson
1159:Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
1155:Joseph Engelberger
1131:Edward F. Knipling
886:"Kolff, Willem J."
531:University of Utah
523:William H. Dobelle
461:University of Utah
207:Seven Laws of Noah
23:Willem Johan Kolff
1547:
1546:
1516:Masataka Nakazawa
1510:Christopher Field
1395:Yasuharu Suematsu
1339:Shun-ichi Iwasaki
1298:Peter Shaw Ashton
1238:Benoit Mandelbrot
1232:Andrzej Tarkowski
1052:Elias James Corey
676:978-0-89838-414-7
643:Moore, Carrie A.
515:in 2003. In 1990
376:internal medicine
372:Leiden University
336:artificial organs
321:
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174:Among the Nations
166:
165:
153:Doctoral students
121:Scientific career
115:
108:
101:
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57:February 11, 2009
39:February 14, 1911
1637:
1385:C. Grant Willson
1173:Marc Van Montagu
1147:Takashi Sugimura
1081:Xavier Le Pichon
1026:Donald Henderson
1022:Georges Vendryes
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465:artificial heart
441:Cleveland Clinic
348:Second World War
332:artificial heart
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144:Doctoral advisor
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1538:Ronald M. Evans
1524:Karl Deisseroth
1520:Gero Miesenböck
1492:Bert Vogelstein
1488:Martin A. Green
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1447:Max Dale Cooper
1433:Jennifer Doudna
1405:Yutaka Takahasi
1327:
1274:Erkki Ruoslahti
1256:Akira Fujishima
1224:Tim Berners-Lee
1192:
1187:Don Craig Wiley
1073:W. Jason Morgan
1057:
1016:Theodore Maiman
1002:Willem J. Kolff
976:
970:
905:
888:article in the
881:
879:Further reading
855:Herman Broers.
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527:Robert Jarvik
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1389:Jean Fréchet
1371:Brian Druker
1367:Janet Rowley
1349:Ken Thompson
1266:Makoto Nagao
1228:Anne McLaren
1169:Jozef Schell
1097:Gerhard Ertl
1091:John J. Wild
1077:Dan McKenzie
1042:Robert Gallo
1034:Frank Fenner
1012:Gurdev Khush
896:the original
890:
871:
856:
841:
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764:
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745:Milestones,
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728:
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697:
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650:Deseret News
648:
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605:
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546:Philadelphia
543:
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511:in 2002 the
497:Harvey Prize
485:
473:
469:Barney Clark
458:
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430:
402:, he was in
400:World War II
397:
393:hemodialysis
357:
328:hemodialysis
323:
322:
132:
120:
97:Harvey Prize
69:Pennsylvania
59:(2009-02-11)
1565:2009 deaths
1560:1911 births
1290:Albert Fert
1246:Seiji Ogawa
1107:Frank Press
973:Japan Prize
505:Japan Prize
364:Netherlands
354:Netherlands
111:Japan Prize
47:Netherlands
1554:Categories
1461:Rattan Lal
1437:Adi Shamir
1284:Akira Endo
1204:Ian McHarg
1151:Bruce Ames
1030:Isao Arita
975:recipients
709:24 January
552:References
513:Russ Prize
453:David Rose
408:resistance
388:blood bank
255:Lithuanian
221:By country
212:Yad Vashem
35:1911-02-14
1304:Vint Cerf
1165:Leo Esaki
1141:Masao Ito
785:1058-2916
614:0730-2347
499:in 1972,
395:machine.
344:patrician
285:Ukrainian
260:Norwegian
250:Hungarian
172:Righteous
803:26720733
368:medicine
358:Born in
275:Romanian
235:Croatian
230:Austrian
884:(1994)
835:Sources
822:28 July
794:4790827
623:2676591
398:During
280:Serbian
1540:(2024)
1526:(2023)
1512:(2022)
1498:(2021)
1484:(2020)
1463:(2019)
1453:(2018)
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1133:(1995)
1129:Jr. /
1123:(1994)
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994:(1985)
863:
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482:Impact
404:Kampen
360:Leiden
265:Polish
245:German
137:(1946)
135:
128:Thesis
114:(1986)
107:(1980)
100:(1972)
92:(1966)
84:(1964)
77:Awards
71:, U.S.
43:Leiden
1471:2020s
1332:2010s
1197:2000s
1062:1990s
981:1980s
340:Kolff
240:Czech
861:ISBN
846:ISBN
824:2018
799:PMID
781:ISSN
711:2016
671:ISBN
610:ISSN
269:list
54:Died
29:Born
789:PMC
773:doi
618:PMC
415:at
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