685:, United Irishmen,... French emissaries and a monstrous tail of et ceteras" as a "scarecrow". Conscious as he was that opinion among the United Irish and Defenders was running in the direction of a French-assisted insurrection, Drennan nonetheless tasks the Lord Lieutenant with averting a "rude and revolutionary collision". He directs Fitzwilliam's immediate attention to reform: "full and final" Catholic Emancipation, the promotion of manufactures to provide employment for the landless, and a system of "universal education" that can "assimilate all religions". But this, he concedes, was but a "bill for partial reform".
557:, in short every rational being shall have equal weight in electing representatives", Drennan did not care to disabuse him. He pleaded only for a "common sense" reading of the United Irish commitment to a democratic franchise. It might be "some generations", he proposed, before "habits of thought, and the artificial ideas of education" are so "worn out" that it would appear "natural" that women should exercise the same rights as men. But he allowed that, until that day, "neither women nor reason should have their full and proper influence in the world".
478:... it is my fixed opinion that no reform in parliament, and consequently no freedom, will ever be attainable by this country, but by a total separation from Britain. ... I believe a reform must lead rapidly to a separation and a separation to a reform. The Catholics in this country are much more enlightened and less under the trammels of a Priesthood than is imagined—it is improper to keep up religious controversy, when all should make a common cause, and it is said that you take up too much time speaking against
319:
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religionists". While
Presbyterians might be enamoured of "general liberty and equality", for Catholics their creed was still their "first object". To her husband Samuel, Drennan suggested that this was the "true cause" of disunity between Presbyterians and Catholics: "the former love the French openly and the Catholics almost to a man hate them secretly. And why? Because they have overturned the Catholic religion in that country and threaten to do so throughout the world."
467:, Drennan himself had cautioned that "the Catholics of this day are absolutely incapable of making good use of political liberty". Drennan denied inconsistency. The "circumstances of the times as well as the persons" had changed "in the very manner wished for": "to commercial interest, a middle and a mediating rank had rapidly grown up in the Catholic community" producing an "enlargement of mind", "energy of character" and "self dependence".
47:
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own efforts. He cautioned
Catholics against replicating "the errors, the follies, and the crimes of past and present administrations, in perpetuating a distinctness, a separating instead of an associating spirit". He proposed organising the campaign through Emancipation Clubs "where the Protestant and Catholic should sit alternatively and a Catholic and Protestant chairman elected in their turn".
763:'s aborted attempt to renew the insurrection in July 1803. What, before the extensive nature of the planning and preparation was known, appeared to have been little more than a bloody street brawl, struck Drennan as a "mad business". But he remained loyal to Emmet's family, attending old Mrs Emmet who was to die then days before a sentence of death was passed on her son, and helping his sister
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practice at the revolution ... and illustrated in the plains of
America". Consistent with "the fundamental article of the British Constitution that holds taxation to be "inseparable" from representation", where people are denied legislative power they have "the same reason to complain as the Americans had lately, on the other side of the Atlantic, or as the Catholics had at our doors".
449:
Ireland, I shall do whatever lies in my power to forward a brotherhood of affection, an identity of interests, a communion of rights, and a union of power among
Irishmen of every religious persuasion, without which every reform must be partial, not national, inadequate to the wants, delusive to the wishes, and insufficient for the freedom and happiness of this country.
597:, as citizen Capet, was guillotined, Drennan regarded it as "necessary to save the French Republic", although certain to serve Britain by making war with France popular. His sister, however, confessed herself "turned, quite turned, against the French," and feared that the Revolution was "all farther than ever from coming to good".
463:. Bruce saw the test as going far beyond what the town had celebrated in the American and French revolutions: Drennan was proposing universal suffrage. In Ireland, this would "give the Roman Catholics who are ten times more numerous as Presbyterians ten times as much power". Bruce recalled that, in his fifth
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Drennan died in
Belfast in 1820. His funeral followed his instructions: "let six poor Protestants and six poor Catholics get a guinea apiece for carriage of me, and a priest and a dissenting clergyman with any friends that choose." On the way to the Clifton Street graveyard, his cortege stopped for a
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He continued to criticise the manner of the Union's passage, its administration and its deadening effect on political life. But he did not join calls for the restoration of an Irish parliament. Calls for repeal, he suggested, created "division amongst reformers in the two islands" at a time when they
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Consistent with his father's teaching from the pulpit of
Belfast's First Presbyterian, on religious matters Drennan deferred to conscience rather than to doctrine, or to civil authority. In this light "Christianity properly called" had, in his view, "scarcely appeared on this earth since the death of
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which, together, they had celebrated in 1791: "so full of checks that it will not move". The sovereign body of the institution was an annual general meeting of subscribers. They elected both boards of managers and visitors, but with a complicated system of rotation "to preclude the possibility of the
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The journal (which was to run for 77 issues) promised that while "intemperate political discussion would be excluded", where facts give rise "to those political differences that agitate the public mind", in "the spirit of true constitutional patriotism" "explanation" would be provided. Drennan found
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In
September 1793 he was of the opinion that Siberia might be "better suited to be a republic than Ireland". In opposition to "the supposed alliance" between the Presbyterians and the Catholics, he anticipated "a coalition of the Protestant gentry and the Catholics of consequence ..., an alliance to
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In June, Drennan circulated in Dublin, and forwarded to McTier in
Belfast a further document, outlining in greater detail the same proposition: an "Irish Brotherhood" that would overcome "the distinctions of rank, of property, and of religious persuasion" through a programme of public education and
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Other, more regular, themes included the need for a general education system, freedom of the press, and abolition of the slave trade. But
Drennan's chief preoccupations remained the government's failure to deliver on the promise of political equality for Catholics, its corrupting "courtship" of the
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who had just come of age. It attacked absentee landlords who "riot in the wantonness of luxury" while leaving management of their estates to an agent, "whose principle business is to ingratiate himself with his master, by squeezing the uttermost farthing of rack-rent out of the starved bellies of a
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family, "liberal in her mind and of a democratical turn in politics". In
September 1803, just three days before Emmet's trial, their four-month daughter took ill and died. In 1806, his financial independence, secured by an inheritance from a cousin, Drennan gave up his faltering medical practice in
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When United Irish leadership still at liberty sought to muster their members in arms in May and June 1798, Drennan continued in Dublin, the heavily garrisoned capital in which no rebel demonstration proved possible. But while "the authorities did not molest him in any way in the run-up or aftermath
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Drennan wanted it to be "the business of every Irishman to cultivate the democratic spirit, which the Presbyterians first infused into them". But it was clear that in Drennan this was not a spirit that a liberal Viceroy might satisfy. Drennan believed that the right to representation should no more
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in the course of the Veto Controversy. In campaigning to remove the remaining sacramental barriers to their participation in Parliament and the higher offices of state, Catholics might help restore a sense of public spirit to Irish society, but not if they determined to do so exclusively by their
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In calling for "equality of suffrage" and "constitutional democracy", "the people in the North of Ireland" are not, as the Lord Lieutenant may have been given to suppose, "infected by what are called French principles". Rather they are "obstinately attached to the principles of Locke as put into
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While alerted, following her brother's arrest, that her letters were being opened and read by the authorities, McTier refused to be cowed, assuring Drennan that "in these times I never will be gagged". Yet she often advised caution, seeming to welcome her brother's growing distance from the inner
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For Drennan, the greater problem presented by the course of the French Revolution was not the violence but the impact on Catholic opinion of the overturning of religion. The Catholics, he advised Martha, "are still more religionists than politicians, and the Presbyterians more politicians than
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I, - AB in the presence of God, do pledge myself to my country, that I will use all my abilities and influence in the attainment of an impartial and adequate representation of the Irish nation in parliament: and as a means of absolute and immediate necessity in accomplishing this chief good of
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Volunteer companies parade on Bastille Day, 1792, Belfast High Street. In line with Drennan's proposals, the celebration was spread out over two days and involved the display and parading of the flags of France, America, Poland (whose constitutionalist revolution was also being celebrated) and
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immediately discerned "a deep-laid scheme again to bring the Presbyterian Synod within the ranks of democracy". His suspicions appeared confirmed when, in 1816, it was reported that at a St. Patrick's Day dinner board members and staff had raised a succession radical toasts to Drennan for his
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and an "equal representation of all the people" in parliament. Employing, as Drennan had proposed "much of the secrecy and somewhat of the ceremonial of Free-Masonry", the Society spread rapidly across the Presbyterian districts of the north, to Dublin and, in alliance with the
821:, in persuading a town meeting "to facilitate and render less expensive the means of acquiring education; to give access to the walks of literature to the middle and lower classes of society; to make provision for the instruction of both sexes... " in a new institution.
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Drennan also proposed that discipline would rely on "example" rather than on the "manual correction of corporal punishment". He was doubtlessly inspired by a man he described as having dedicated his life to banishing "fear and drudgery from junior education",
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are returned "by less than one hundred persons" Having "the whole return of members to serve in parliament", men of "rank, fortune and connection" in the kingdom are formed into "a political party" in "league... against the population of the country".
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depend on property than upon a sacramental test. In making "the poor and the rich reciprocally dependent", only a universal franchise recognises the "action and reaction of self-interest" as a "constant and universal" principle of public welfare.
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Drennan wrote: "Is it not curious... that I, who was one of the patriarchs of the popular societies, should... be excluded and treated as a frigid neutralist, until I... throw myself, as other patriot suicides, into the gulf of a prison".
354:. Ostensibly formed to secure Ireland against a French invasion, the Volunteer companies were soon arming and parading in support of the "inalienable rights" of Irishmen. A convergence of Volunteers upon Dublin in 1782 helped
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might in time realise the original aim of his conspiracy: "a full, free and frequent representation of the people" "What", he asked a Belfast town meeting in 1817, "is a country justly considered, but a free constitution"?
564:, published two direct addresses to Irish women, both of which "appealed to women as members of a critically-debating public". The first (21 December 1797), signed "Philoguanikos", was probably that of the paper's founder,
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Letters of Orellana, an Irish Helot to the seven northern counties not represented in the National Assembly of Delegates, held in Dublin, 1784, for obtaining a more equal representation of the people in the Parliament of
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and its bloody suppression, Drennan resolved to "be content to get the substance of reform more slowly" and with "proper preparation of manners or principles"." As a token of this resolve, in Belfast he led a group of
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The letter insists that the only plot afoot in Ireland is "the plot of Protestant Ascendancy" to represent Presbyterians as Jacobins engaged in "a reformer, republican and regicide plot", and to "stitch together" the
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Now was the time for patriot Churchmen and Presbyterians to display "zeal in politics and moderation in religion" and as Irishmen, "nurtured by the same maternal earth", to join with Catholics in a "sacred compact".
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management falling into the hands of a few individuals". The academic direction was likewise entrusted not to a Principal or a Headmaster, but rather to a group of senior teachers sitting as the Board of Masters.
380:) assembly in the pocket of the Kingdom's largest landowners it was because no counterweight could be found in the absence of the great body of the nation that the English-dependant "feudality" had dispossessed.
845:. Manson, whose portrait was to hang in the new institution, in the 1760s had taught children literacy in his Donegall Street school "without the discipline of the rod" and on "the principle of amusement".
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in Paris, Drennan proposed that "the murder of the prisoners is one of those things which must be openly condemned and perhaps tacitly approved". With the enemies of the Revolution triumphant under the
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As in the 1790s, while he deemed Catholic emancipation essential, Drennan's overriding goal remained a union of Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter that could advance and carry parliamentary reform.
865:, and to "The exiles of Erin" under "the wing of the republican eagle" in the United States. Despite the resignations of the board members present (Drennan at the time was in England), including
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was otherwise non-denominational, but opened in 1814 with a collegiate department that, for the first time in Ireland, allowed for the certification of candidates for the Presbyterian ministry.
667:, a fifty-six-page "letter". More copies were to sell in Belfast and the North (for which, Drennan confessed, the letter was "chiefly designed") than any pamphlet of the period save Paine's
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in June 1794, and as the leadership began to seriously consider prospects for an insurrection, Drennan appears to have dropped out of the inner counsels of the United Irishmen. To his sister
712:, that which prevented Catholics from being sworn in as members of parliament. But this was at the cost of his position. After just six months in post, Fitzwilliam was recalled to London.
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William Drennan (an Anglicization of the Irish clan name Ó Draighnáin) was born in the manse of First Presbyterian Church, Rosemary Street, Belfast, in 1754. He was the son of Reverend
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Christ". He had no sympathy at all for the Sabbatarianism that was the mark of Old Light and evangelical Protestantism: "the abolition of Sunday" he suggested, "would be a blessing".
593:, it was "no time to weigh nice points of morality"--"if a boat escapes from a wreck be sinking with the weight of men, some of them ought to be thrown to the sea". When January 1793
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paper in Dublin called on all active citizen-soldiers to stand to arms. Drennan was the suspected author. He was also being investigated for knowledge of meetings between his friend
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It may be a testament to his sister's influence that when William Bruce protested that an "impartial" representation of the Irish nation implied that not only Catholics but also "
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in Dublin in 1790 but due, he believed, to his "dabbling in politics", he was never admitted to the Fellowship. Yet undaunted, in January 1795 he addressed to the newly arrived
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counsels of the United Irishmen. In part, this appears to have been a concern for her brother's safety, but also an aversion, greater than Drennan's, to revolutionary violence.
729:", this was not at the price of Drennan retiring his pen. The "Marcus letters", published in Dublin in 1797–8, include the appeal to women,. accused Fitzwilliam's successor,
942:-not of any party; the ascendancy of Christianity, not of any Church". Rejecting anything indicative of religious establishment, after the Union he objected not only to the
616:". "The Catholics", he wrote, "may save themselves, but it is the Protestants must save the nation". In the Dublin Society, Drennan was equally suspicious of the party of
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In May 1793 Drennan was arrested on a charge of sedition. In response to the government's suppression of the Volunteers, an address, published under the name of Marcus in
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in Dublin had "two strings to their bow", one to deal with the government, the other to treat with the Society: and its strategy was to go with the one that would promise
171:" which, in the cause of representative government, committed "Irishmen of every religious persuasion" to a "brotherhood of affection". Drennan had been active in the
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In 1809 the Magazine contained a '"Letter addressed to a Young Nobleman Just Entering Upon the Possession of a Great Estate'". The piece was clearly aimed at the new
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keep everything much as it is". In January 1795, in the hope of binding Catholics to the cause of reform, he went so far as to support a call to resist the French.
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maintain their country". In autobiographical verses written in 1806, Drennan presents the failure to attain Irish independence as a measure of a life unfulfilled:
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Addressed to his "fellow slaves", they were the earliest expressions of his support for political engagement with the country's Catholic majority. If the
752:. If Ireland was to face "the cruel alternative of uniting forever with England, or separate forever", then "in the name of God and nature" it should "
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Drennan's creation within the Dublin Society of a "private junto" has been suggested as one of the reasons for the willingness of the Catholic printer
187:, he sought to advance democratic reform through his continued journalism and through education. With other United Irish veterans, Drennan founded the
1160:. Through his daughter Sarah, who married John Andrews, of a prominent family of flax merchants, Drennan had several notable descendants, including:
1113:(1795)--source for the image of Ireland as the "Emerald Isle"—as the most perfect of modern songs. Anticipating the struggle to come, Drennan wrote:
568:. The second (1 February 1798), calling on women to rally for the democratic cause, is signed "Marcus". New evidence suggests that this was Drennan.
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At the same time, Drennan retained his distrust of a distinct, organised, Catholic interest, such as had begun to re-emerge under the leadership of
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imposition to defend what Drennan called "the restless power of reason". Consistent with a popularisation of Hutcheson by his friend in Edinburgh
779:(October 1803), Drennan decries "a man who could subscribe To hang that friend at Last Whom future history will describe The Brutus of Belfast."
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and the Greatest Happiness of the Greater Number its end—its general end Real Independence to Ireland, and Republicanism its particular purpose.
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Convinced that the object of many of the Catholic members was "selfish" (i.e. focused on emancipation rather than constitutional reform), with
885:(the "father of Irish botany") had already withdrawn from the Society rather than accept the presence of Dr. James MacDonnell. In the wake of
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1079:(1797), a eulogy to the eve-of-rebellion United Irish martyr, electrified the public and contributed to the cries of "Remember Orr" at the
733:, of bringing to the people of Ireland only massacre, rape, desolation and terror. In January 1799 Drennan published an open letter to the
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954:), also to acceptance, as a condition for final Catholic Emancipation, of a British Crown veto in the papal appointment of Irish bishops.
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1589:"William Drennan to Samuel McTier, 21st May 1791 (Agnew, Drennan-McTier Letters, vol. 1, p. 357). Category Archives: William Drennan"
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In Ireland, he noted, the aristocracy had "seconded" the "revolution of '82". But directly represented in one house of parliament,
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grants) and the "long-drawn-out pointless and wasteful folly" of the war with France (for which he continued to pillory the late
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400:, revived the spirit of Volunteerism in Belfast and its Presbyterian hinterland, Drennan proposed to his friend Samuel McTier
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2614:'Violently Democratic and Anti-Conservative'? An Analysis of Presbyterian "Radicalism" in Ulster, 1800-1852. (Doctoral thesis)
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Belfast politics: or, A collection of the debates, resolutions, and other proceedings of that town in the years 1792, and 1793
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226:(1694-1746), a new generation of Scottish thinkers had drawn on the republican ethos of Presbyterian resistance to royal and
263:"the most influential physician of his generation". He then returned to Belfast in 1778 and set up practice specialising in
2471:"Making hay when the sun don't shine: the Rev. William Richardson, science and society in early nineteenth-century Ireland"
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and its parliament, Drennan, consistent with his letters to Pitt, was at first defiant. He urged Irishmen to enter into a "
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2582:'Violently Democratic and Anti-Conservative'? An Analysis of Presbyterian "Radicalism" in Ulster c 1800-1852. (PhD Thesis)
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When Drennan had first returned from Dublin in 1807, William Bruce attempted a reconciliation. He proposed Drennan to his
620:, regarding both Tandy ("always running to the Catholics"") and his plebeian following as unreliable. He also saw Tone,
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secure London's recognition of Ireland's legislative independence, but failed in 1783 to secure parliamentary reform.
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Cullen, Louis. (1993), "The internal politics of the United Irishmen", in D. Dickson, D. Keogh and K. Whelan eds.,
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612:, Drennan had promoted a secret "inner Society" in Dublin (the McTiers in Belfast were to tell no one) which was "
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the presiding chairman, it was several years before the government was persuaded to restore its grant of £1,500.
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where he quickly became involved in the patriotic and democratic politics of the capital agitated by news of the
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whose husband was detained. With his own sister, Martha, Drennan shared disgust at the subscription made by Dr.
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At the first meeting of the Society in Dublin in November 1791 Drennan won unanimous consent for his draft of a
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Already in 1790, Drennan had made it clear to Bruce that he was committed to Ireland's "total separation" from
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Drennan, William (1991). "Intended Defence on a Trial for Sedition, in the Year 1794". In Larkin, John (ed.).
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merchants, and professional gentlemen, including the banker and former United Irishman (and state prisoner),
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1043:" was there "indication that William Drennan had moderated his politics or regretted his past involvements".
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the opportunity for such explanation not only in commentary, but in biographical sketches and book reviews.
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Ian McBride (1993), "William Drennan and the Dissenting Tradition", in D. Dickson, D. Keogh and K. Whelan,
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538:. She read, sometimes in advance of her brother, most of the radical writers of her time, including Paine,
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should be joining forces "to seek parliamentary reform". (a conviction expressed in his admiration for
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At its first meeting in Belfast in October 1791, the "conspiracy", calling itself at the suggestion of
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1911:"'Womanish Epistles?' Martha McTier, Female Epistolarity and Late Eighteenth-Century Irish Radicalism"
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155:(23 May 1754 – 5 February 1820) was an Irish physician and writer who moved the formation in
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From his days in Edinburgh Drennan sustained a faithful forty-year correspondence with his sister
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2056:"The Dublin Society of United Irishmen and the Politics of the Carey-Drennan Dispute, 1792-1794"
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William Drennan, Belfast Monthly Magazine, 7 (1811) quoted in Jonathan Jeffrey Wright (2013),
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On 8 February 1800, Drennan made "his own union With England": he married Sarah Swanwick from
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1862:. Submitted for the degree of PhD, University of York, Department of History. pp. 69–70
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A Courteous Reply to the Remarks of Presbyter Relative to the Belfast Academical Institution
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The "Natural Leaders" and their World: Politics, Culture and Society in Belfast c.1801-1832
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1856:'What Can Women Give But Tears': Gender, Politics and Irish National Identity in the 1790s
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Drennan tried to revive his dwindling medical practice. He had become a licentiate of the
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MacDonagh, Oliver (1975). "The Politicization of the Irish Catholic Bishops, 1800-1850".
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in 1777) as cause to "congratulate the people of Belfast and all mankind". He joined the
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by his father's successor in the pulpit of the First Presbyterian in Rosemary Street,
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in Belfast to the reward for the capture of Emmet's confederate, their mutual friend
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correspondence with like-minded societies in throughout Ireland, Britain and France.
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211:) and Nancy, he was one of only three of their eleven children who survived infancy.
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Smyth, Jim (2012). "Wolfe Tone's Library: The United Irishmen and "Enlightenment"".
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An Address to the Volunteers of Ireland by the Author of an address to Edmund Burke
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and achieved renown with addresses to the public as his "fellow slaves" and to the
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and therefore willing to vouch for the Catholic majority. He had written to Bruce:
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With Sarah Swanwick, Drennan had one surviving daughter and four sons. His sons
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services to the cause of Catholic Emancipation and Parliamentary reform, to the
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Drennan came to national attention with the publication in 1784 and 1785 of his
275:, the practice, then widespread, of inoculating the skin of healthy people with
1840:, 620/20/1. William Drennan, 'Plan of Parliamentary Representation for Ireland'
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for this purpose, with a paper on his own inoculation experiments in England).
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A Protest from one of the people of Ireland against a union with Great Britain
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Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
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Unusual Suspects: Pitt's Reign of Alarm and the Lost Generation of the 1790s
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In February 1792 Drennan was identified as the author in the pages of the
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that linked individual conscience in matters of faith with the collective
1732:. Belfast: Belfast Historical and Educational society. pp. 176–177.
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and the dissident Quaker John Hancock, Drennan began publication of the
832:, mocked Drennan's proposed system of governance. He compared it to the
628:, leading proponents of a union with the agrarian secret societies, the
207:(1696-1762) and Anne Lennox (1718-1806). With his older sisters Martha (
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The Fall and Rise of the Irish Nation: The Catholic Question, 1690-1830
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known primarily for his seminal work 'Journey to the Centre of Drennan'
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239:
116:
2001:
Drennan to Samuel McTier, 17 January 1793, in D. A. Chart ed. (1931),
251:
After graduating with an MA from Glasgow, Drennan studied medicine in
745:
252:
279:
to prevent a more serious case of the disease. (Sixteen years later
889:, in 1803 MacDonnell made a public subscription for the capture of
276:
1730:
William Drennan: Selected Writings: The Irish Volunteers 1775-1790
646:
810:
156:
76:
2404:
Royal Belfast Academical Institution. Centenary Volume 1810-1910
1152:(a noted poet) and William Drennan wrote a biography of him for
486:
Yet Drennan harboured his doubts. In the wake of the April 1793
479:
328:
295:
284:
160:
2620:. Department of History, University of Durham. pp. 23–28.
2419:"Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Persons: David Manson"
1130:, the school he had founded. His headstone inscription reads:
796:. She was, he assured his sister, a spiritual partner, from a
2144:
The United Irishmen: Republicanism, Radicalism and Rebellion,
571:
291:
195:(1795) with its reference to Ireland as the "Emerald Isle".
1337:
The United Irishmen: Republicanism, Radicalism and Rebellion
2904:
May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1820
2588:. Department of History, University of Durham. p. 147.
2556:
May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1820
2526:
May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1820
1888:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. pp. 220–221, 286–287.
1886:
May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1820
1691:
1565:
A Deeper Silence: The Hidden Origins of the United Irishmen
1490:
May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1820
1054:
In his last years, Drennan published two volumes of verse,
222:. Through his father's mentor, the Irish moral philosopher
1005:
Then the scroll seemed to shrivel and vanish in the night;
2783:
Address to a town meeting in Belfast, as reported by the
2660:. Glasgow: Cameron, Ferguson & Company. p. 418.
1039:
and other leading English reformers). But nowhere in his
916:
Presbyterian clergy (Drennan denounced the acceptance of
719:
338:), Drennan greeted news of Britain's first defeat in the
2406:. Belfast: M'Caw, Stevenson & Orr. pp. 204–205.
1705:
1703:
1069:(1817). Drennan's literary output is largely forgotten.
704:
Fitzwilliam publicly endorsed a bill brought forward by
692:, they continue to control the other. Two-thirds of the
310:
19:
For the merchant and politician in Ontario, Canada, see
16:
Irish poet, physician and political activist (1754-1820)
2528:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. pp. 254, 258–259.
191:. As a poet, he is remembered for his eve-of-rebellion
995:
Still shrinking from praise, tho' in search of a name
946:
for Presbyterian ministers but (aligning himself with
509:(who had fled the country) and an agent of the French
2347:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 155–156.
2320:. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission. p. 517.
1954:. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission. p. 415.
1700:
1542:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 84.
2898:
Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography
1517:. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission. p. 29.
1211:
1001:
A vision of glory, which flashed through the storm,
2380:Controversies in Ulster Presbyterianism, 1790-1836
999:And stretch'd forth his arm to the beckoning form,
744:and to incorporate the country with England under
2558:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. pp. 273–76.
1255:Second letter to the Right Honorable William Pitt
1133:Pure, just, benign: thus filial love would trace
957:
787:
408:club—no party title—the Brotherhood its name—the
404:a benevolent conspiracy—a plot for the people—no
238:oppressive government, Drennan was later to cite
2918:
1618:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. pp. 41–42.
1361:. Dublin: Academic Press. p. Appendix 128.
639:—a committed democrat equally suspicious of the
2180:
2178:
1952:The Drennan-McTier Letters: 1794-1801. Volume 1
1269:Letter to the Right Honorable Charles James Fox
938:In 1792 Drennan proposed: "My toast should be--
801:Dublin and, with Sarah, moved back to Belfast.
529:
517:. Following his successful defence at trial by
167:. He was the author of the Society's original "
2318:The Drennan-McTier Letters: 1794-1801.Volume 2
1515:The Drennan-McTier Letters: 1794-1801.Volume 1
1003:INDEPENDENCE shot past him in letter of light,
108:University of Glasgow, University of Edinburgh
2733:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 61–62.
2647:
1757:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. p. 167.
1116:In the shift of a moment a darkness--a dream.
782:
2275:
2175:
1492:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. p. 98.
1139:And link the Patriot with his Country's name
1009:In the shift of a moment a darkness--a dream
376:remained an almost exclusively an Anglican (
283:advertised the much safer practice of using
2188:A Letter to his Excellency Earl Fitzwilliam
872:
759:Drennan was taken by surprise in Dublin by
2630:Belfast Monthly Magazine, iv, 1819, p. 117
2468:
2401:
2285:Letter to the Right Honorable William Pitt
2039:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1802:
1796:
1782:. London: Barrie and Jenkins. p. 75.
1248:Letter to the Right Honorable William Pitt
1031:and the coverage his magazine extended to
572:The French Revolution and Catholic opinion
198:
45:
2801:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. p. 59.
2682:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2014:
1983:Drennan-McTier Letters, Volume 1, p. XLIX
1926:
1777:
1692:William Bruce and Henry Joy, ed. (1794).
1240:Letter to his Excellency Earl Fitzwilliam
1137:The Emerald Isle may grant a wider claim
997:He trod on the brink of precipitate fame;
929:
271:poor house, in 1782 he proposed smallpox
129:Letter to his Excellency Earl Fitzwilliam
2402:Fisher, Joseph R.; Robb, John H (1913).
2108:
1974:Drennan-McTier Letters, Volume 1, p. 445
1806:A History of Women in Ireland, 1500-1800
1752:
1727:
1696:. Belfast: H. Joy & Co. p. 145.
1537:
1135:The virtues hallowing this narrow space
317:
214:Like his father, Drennan studied at the
2828:The Cabinet of Irish Literature. Vol. 2
2820:
2818:
2416:
2340:
2281:
2184:
1908:
1902:
1852:
1638:
1562:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1356:
1194:, managing director of the shipbuilder
740:assailing his proposals to abolish the
396:in France, and its spirited defence by
2919:
2851:"William Drennan: Patriot and Radical"
2657:The life and times of Daniel O'Connell
2610:
2553:
2542:
2523:
2383:. Ph.D Thesis, University of Cambridge
2376:
2370:
1883:
1836:National Archives of Ireland, Dublin,
1616:Soul on Fire: a Life of Thomas Russell
1581:
1487:
1441:
1439:
1178:Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland
1014:Later, he appeared to relent. The new
720:1798 Rebellion and Emmet's rising 1803
632:, as "entwined in Catholic trammels".
248:as his "prime authority on politics".
2962:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
2724:
2722:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2464:
2462:
2315:
2191:(Third ed.). Dublin: J. Chambers
2053:
1949:
1879:
1877:
1848:
1846:
1659:
1613:
1512:
1386:
1300:
1007:And all the illumin'd horizon became,
912:laborious and industrious tenantry".
647:Appeal for "constitutional democracy"
2824:
2815:
2796:
2728:
2653:
2113:. Cork: Mercier Press. p. 116.
2005:, Belfast Stationery Office, p. 182.
1853:Kennedy, Catriona (September 2004).
1809:. New York: Routledge. p. 222.
1667:"Category Archives: William Drennan"
1645:. New York: M E Sharpe. p. 70.
1445:
1375:
1128:Royal Belfast Academical Institution
1126:few minutes outside what is now the
2957:Alumni of the University of Glasgow
2136:
1642:Selected Documents in Irish History
1436:
1389:"William Drennan, his Medical Life"
881:, but Drennan declined. His friend
490:, he complained privately that the
444:to be entered into by every member.
363:Letters of Orellana, an Irish Helot
305:
13:
2891:
2719:
2633:
2578:
2459:
2417:Drennan, William (February 1811).
2410:
1874:
1843:
1275:Fugitive pieces in verse and prose
1187:Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
1049:
387:
14:
2973:
2766:, University of Liverpool Press (
2664:from the original on 31 July 2021
2288:. Dublin: James Moore. p. 17
1083:: Ireland Drennan depicts as a:
1062:(1815), and a translation of the
775:. In a poem sketched for Martha,
560:The paper of the Dublin society,
267:. As a visiting physician to the
1671:assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
1593:assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
1567:. Faber and Faber. p. 136.
1212:Pamphlets, Letters, Publications
1169:High Court of Justice in Ireland
28:William Brennan (disambiguation)
2865:
2843:
2790:
2777:
2756:
2747:
2676:
2624:
2604:
2592:
2572:
2517:
2450:
2441:
2395:
2361:
2334:
2309:
2300:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2166:
2157:
2127:
2102:
2047:
2008:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1943:
1830:
1771:
1746:
1721:
1712:
1685:
1673:. February 2020. pp. 15–16
1632:
1607:
1595:. February 2020. pp. 15–16
1556:
1158:A Compendium of Irish Biography
973:
731:John Pratt, 1st Marquess Camden
327:Sharing the sympathies of many
255:under the experimental chemist
189:Belfast Academical Institution
183:. After the suppression of the
1992:quoted Johnstone (1990), p. 73
1531:
1506:
1481:
1414:
1350:
1329:
1294:
1174:Sir James Andrews, 1st Baronet
958:Catholic political association
940:The Sovereignty of the People-
887:Robert Emmet's abortive rising
850:Belfast Academical Institution
788:Belfast Academical Institution
580:When news reached them of the
426:Society of the United Irishmen
1:
2873:"The Clifton Street Cemetery"
2611:Nelson, Julie Louise (2005).
1287:
1098:And, by worse, domestic hate.
1094:Crumbled by a foreign weight:
437:, across the Irish midlands.
52:
2947:Medical doctors from Belfast
2831:. London: Blackie & Sons
2654:Luby, Thomas Clarke (1870).
2644:Mansergh (2003), pp. 116-117
2017:Belfast, Portraits of a City
1780:Belfast: Portraits of a City
1359:The Trial of William Drennan
1207:Stuart Drennan, screenwriter
530:The enfranchisement of women
340:American War of independence
334:(few without kindred in the
218:, a centre of the Scottish
7:
2799:Ulster Liberalism 1778-1876
2731:Ulster Liberalism 1778-1876
2163:Durey (1994) p. 96 note 30.
1109:, is said to have esteemed
1060:Glendalough and Other Poems
653:Royal College of Physicians
428:, resolved on the complete
10:
2978:
2875:. Culture Northern Ireland
2469:Blackstock, Allan (2011).
2456:Whelan (2020), pp. 170-171
2306:Whelan (2020), pp. 254-258
2019:. London. pp. 72–74.
2015:Johnstone, Robert (1990).
1909:Kennedy, Catriona (2004).
1778:Johnstone, Robert (1990).
1639:Altholz, Josef L. (2000).
1563:Stewart, A. T. Q. (1993).
1387:Hayes, Randal (May 1999).
1339:. Dublin: Lilliput Press.
1303:Eighteenth-Century Studies
988:Solemn League and Covenant
863:South American Revolutions
783:Constitutionalist reformer
708:to repeal the last of the
511:Committee of Public Safety
442:solemn declaration or test
290:In 1783, Drennan moved to
269:Belfast Charitable Society
165:Society of United Irishmen
146:Society of United Irishmen
25:
18:
2697:10.1017/S0018246X00008669
2487:10.1017/S0021121400002728
2341:Johnson, Kenneth (2013).
2282:Drennan, William (1799).
2185:Drennan, William (1795).
2109:Mansergh, Martin (2003).
2072:10.1017/S0018246X00014710
1928:10.1080/09612020400200404
1753:Bartlett, Thomas (1992).
1143:
1090:Heap of uncementing sand!
1016:United Kingdom Parliament
899:Belfast Monthly Magazine.
430:emancipation of Catholics
142:
122:
112:
104:
84:
62:
44:
37:
2729:Hall, Gerald R. (2011).
2599:Belfast Monthly Magazine
2475:Irish Historical Studies
2146:Dublin: Lilliput Press,
1538:Courtney, Roger (2013).
1218:A letter to Edmund Burke
1120:
1041:Belfast Monthly Magazine
982:which abolished the old
879:Belfast Literary Society
873:Belfast Monthly Magazine
582:September 1792 massacres
515:Reverend William Jackson
507:Archibald Hamilton Rowan
392:In May 1791, as news of
179:urging "full and final"
173:Irish Volunteer movement
26:Not to be confused with
21:William Melville Drennan
2853:. Ulster History Circle
2753:Mansergh (2003), p. 118
2554:Whelan, Fergus (2020).
2524:Whelan, Fergus (2020).
2481:(147): (396–411), 407.
2447:Courtney (2013), p. 170
2263:Mansergh (2003), p. 116
2227:Drennan 1795, pp. 40-41
2054:Durey, Michael (1994).
1884:Whelan, Fergus (2020).
1488:Whelan, Fergus (2020).
1455:Oxford University Press
1165:William Drennan Andrews
828:, now principal of the
614:Protestant but National
245:Treatises on Government
199:Enlightenment education
2825:Read, Charles (1884).
2685:The Historical Journal
2601:, July 1809, pp. 29-37
2579:Nelson, Julie Louise.
2377:Brooke, Peter (1981).
2154:, (pp. 176-196) p.190.
2060:The Historical Journal
1915:Women's History Review
1396:Ulster Medical Journal
1012:
930:Religion and the State
777:Epigraph-on the Living
735:British Prime Minister
503:The Rights of Irishmen
484:
451:
414:
324:
2797:Hall, Gerald (2011).
2172:Durey (1994), 100-101
2111:The Legacy of History
1803:O'Dowd, Mary (2016).
1709:Bruce and Joy, p. 135
1614:Quinn, James (2002).
1315:10.1353/ecs.2012.0023
1150:John Swanwick Drennan
992:
476:
446:
402:
321:
216:University of Glasgow
181:Catholic emancipation
2367:Bardon (1982), p. 80
2316:Agnew, Jean (1999).
1950:Agnew, Jean (1999).
1728:Courtney, E (1998).
1718:Bruce and Joy, p.149
1513:Agnew, Jean (1999).
1111:When Erin First Rose
909:Marquis of Downshire
637:William Paulet Carey
300:Revolution in France
193:When Erin First Rose
2937:Irish obstetricians
2423:The Belfast Monthly
2254:Drennan 1795, p. 47
2245:Drennan 1795, p. 41
2218:Drennan 1795, p. 32
2133:Durey (1994), p. 99
2066:(1): (89–111), 96.
2003:The Drennan Letters
1422:"Dr William Cullen"
978:In response to the
926:as "the trumpet").
834:French constitution
804:In the wake of the
661:William Fitzwilliam
641:Committee Catholics
544:Mary Wollstonecraft
519:John Philpot Curran
488:Catholic Relief Act
422:Theobald Wolfe Tone
313:Letters of Orellana
2906:by Fergus Whelan,
2787:February 13, 1817:
2236:Drennan 1795, p.46
1447:Stephens, H. Morse
1202:performance artist
1154:Richard Davis Webb
984:Kingdom of Ireland
980:1800 Acts of Union
819:Dr. Robert Tennent
742:Kingdom of Ireland
679:Catholic Committee
622:Thomas Addis Emmet
610:Thomas Addis Emmet
492:Catholic Committee
465:Letter of Orellana
456:Belfast Newsletter
435:Catholic Defenders
325:
311:Volunteer and the
2912:978-1-78855-121-2
2808:978-1-84682-202-5
2772:978-1-84631-848-1
2740:978-1-84682-202-5
2565:978-1-78855-121-2
2535:978-1-78855-121-2
2354:978-0-19-163197-9
2327:978-1-874280-34-7
2120:978-1-85635-389-2
1961:978-1-874280-48-4
1895:978-1-78855-121-2
1816:978-0-582-40429-8
1764:978-0-7171-1577-8
1739:978-1-872078-05-2
1625:978-0-7165-2732-9
1549:978-1-909556-06-5
1524:978-1-874280-48-4
1499:978-1-78855-121-2
1368:978-0-7165-2457-1
1196:Harland and Wolff
587:Duke of Brunswick
548:Laetitia Barbauld
378:Church of Ireland
294:, and in 1789 to
224:Francis Hutcheson
150:
149:
2969:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
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2044:
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2012:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1838:Rebellion Papers
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1750:
1744:
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1411:
1409:
1407:
1393:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1354:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1298:
1200:Thomas Drennan,
1081:Battle of Antrim
1033:John Horne Tooke
964:Daniel O'Connell
952:Veto Controversy
948:Daniel O'Connell
854:Lord Castlereagh
824:His old nemesis
817:and his brother
769:James MacDonnell
765:Mary Anne Holmes
374:Irish parliament
306:Radical democrat
125:
99:Belfast, Ireland
95:
93:
73:
71:
57:
54:
49:
35:
34:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2952:United Irishmen
2917:
2916:
2900:by David Steers
2894:
2892:Further reading
2889:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2866:
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2854:
2849:
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2240:
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2231:
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2222:
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2213:
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2192:
2183:
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2121:
2107:
2103:
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2048:
2032:
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2013:
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1996:
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1987:
1982:
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1969:
1962:
1948:
1944:
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1453:. Vol. 6.
1451:William Drennan
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1072:In its day his
1056:Fugitive Pieces
1052:
1050:Literary legacy
1037:Francis Burdett
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815:William Tennent
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657:Lord Lieutenant
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566:Arthur O'Connor
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388:United Irishman
365:in the Belfast
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236:right to resist
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177:British Viceroy
153:William Drennan
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891:Thomas Russell
883:John Templeton
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806:1798 rebellion
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773:Thomas Russell
727:1798 Rebellion
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232:Dugald Stewart
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1101:
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1067:of Sophocles
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994:
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974:On the Union
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924:Edmund Burke
919:regium donum
917:
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902:
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843:David Manson
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776:
761:Robert Emmet
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618:Napper Tandy
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132:
128:
124:Notable work
117:Obstetrician
32:
2942:Irish poets
2932:1820 deaths
2927:1754 births
2785:News Letter
2429:: 126–132.
1471:|work=
1076:William Orr
1058:(1815) and
1029:Charles Fox
1020:Westminster
750:Westminster
555:every woman
496:and deliver
368:News Letter
273:variolation
135:William Orr
66:23 May 1754
56: 1790
2921:Categories
2387:12 October
2292:18 October
2195:15 October
1921:(4): 658.
1866:27 January
1822:18 October
1574:0571154867
1309:(3): 425.
1288:References
794:Shropshire
710:Penal Laws
498:the most.
394:revolution
352:Volunteers
344:Burgoyne's
265:obstetrics
240:John Locke
113:Occupation
92:1820-02-06
70:1754-05-23
2879:6 October
2857:6 October
2835:6 October
2713:159877081
2691:(1): 40.
2668:22 August
2511:161337874
2495:0021-1214
2272:Whelan, x
2096:143976314
2080:0018-246X
2035:cite book
1937:144607838
1473:ignored (
1463:cite book
1428:5 October
1406:5 October
1402:(1): 4–11
1323:146389991
798:Unitarian
746:the Crown
690:the Lords
683:Defenders
630:Defenders
595:Louis XVI
562:The Press
253:Edinburgh
228:episcopal
105:Education
79:, Ireland
2662:Archived
2503:41414836
2435:30073837
1074:Wake of
754:separate
348:Saratoga
336:colonies
323:Ireland.
277:smallpox
143:Movement
133:Wake of
131:(1795),
51:Drennan
2774:), p.75
2705:2638467
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1065:Electra
950:in the
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163:of the
157:Belfast
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1220:(1780)
1144:Family
859:French
624:, and
591:Verdun
546:, and
513:, the
480:Popery
424:, the
329:Ulster
296:Dublin
285:cowpox
161:Dublin
138:(1797)
2709:S2CID
2701:JSTOR
2618:(PDF)
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2507:S2CID
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2431:JSTOR
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1933:S2CID
1860:(PDF)
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1319:S2CID
1121:Death
663:, at
292:Newry
2908:ISBN
2881:2020
2859:2020
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1475:help
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861:and
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406:Whig
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159:and
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