1073:
1112:
1064:
128:
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1423:
1057:
941:
1103:
902:
1043:
1437:
1006:
859:
877:
1080:
116:
1034:
976:
1049:
996:
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989:
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1027:
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1409:
682:
1019:
154:
1451:
614:. According to the report of this meeting that Shackley sent to the State Department, Hashemi said Ghorbanifar had "fantastic" contacts with Iran, but the CIA had designated him one year earlier as a "fabricator". At the meeting, Shackley told Hashemi and Ghorbanifar that the United States was willing to discuss arms shipments in exchange for the four Americans kidnapped in
1096:
800:
1488:
633:
Buckley was close to a gibbering wretch. His words were often incoherent; he slobbered and drooled and, most unnerving of all, he would suddenly scream in terror, his eyes rolling helplessly and his body shaking. The CIA consensus was that he would be blindfolded and chained at the ankles and wrists
621:
Major
General Carl Stiner stated that "Buckley's kidnapping had become a major CIA concern. Not long after his capture, his agents either vanished or were killed. It was clear that his captors had tortured him into revealing the network of agents he had established." According to the United States,
557:
to a
Hezbollah team that had been training for a kidnapping operation for months. The message instructed the team to prepare for the operation, which was set to take place in a couple of days. The note identified the target of the operation as "an American senior intelligence officer". Barkay adds
774:
represents him, surrounded by about 132 other stars (as of
January 2021) representing CIA officers killed in the line of duty. Approximately 35 of the stars are for unnamed agents whose identities have not been revealed for national security reasons. His name and year of death are recorded in the
1470:
According to the biographical information distributed by the CIA, Buckley was "an avid reader of politics and history" and "a collector and builder of miniature soldiers." The latter hobby enabled him to become a principal artisan in the creation of a panorama at the
578:
had warned
Buckley that he was in danger, but Buckley told him that "I have a pretty good intelligence network. I think I'm secure." However, according to Stiner, Buckley continued to live in his apartment and travel the same route to and from work every day.
1475:
Battlefield
Tourist Center near his native Medford, Massachusetts. The press release also said he owned an antique shop and was an amateur artist and a collector of fine art. It called him "a very private and discreet individual".
552:
David Barkay, a former officer in Israel's intelligence unit 504, asserts that a spy from
Hezbollah delivered a note to his operatives (Barkay among them) six days before the kidnapping occurred. The note contained a message from
2110:
Lerner, K. Lee; Lerner, Brenda
Wilmoth; et al. (Design and pictures by Dean Dauphinais, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Mary K. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Luke Rademacher, Kate Scheible; printing by Rhnonda Williams) (2003) .
582:
It was thought that one of the reasons he was kidnapped along with two other
Americans at different times in Beirut was because of the upcoming trial of 17 Iranian-backed militants that was about to begin in Kuwait.
2605:, "U.S./Iranian Contacts and the American Hostages"-"Maximum Version" of NSC Chronology of Events, dated November 17, 1986, 2000 Hours – Top Secret, Chronology, November 17, 1986, 12 pp. (UNCLASSIFIED)
527:
wrongly announced that they had also killed the CIA station chief, not yet knowing the station chief was
Buckley. Their announcement was the first real indication that he was on a Hezbollah "hit list".
763:. Among Buckley's civilian awards are the Freedom Foundation Award for Lexington Green Diorama, Collegium and Academy of Distinguished Alumni Boston University. The William F. Buckley Memorial Park in
626:. Interpreters noticed puncture marks indicating he was injected with narcotics. According to several sources, as a result of his torture, he signed a 400-page statement detailing his CIA activities.
1551:
647:
announced that it had executed
Buckley. After Buckley's death, Hezbollah's concern for other hostages' health increased, with Hezbollah captors inquiring about the hostages' health and well-being.
2801:
2712:
40:
2669:
515:
In 1983, Buckley succeeded Ken Haas as the Beirut Station Chief/Political Officer at the U.S. Embassy. Buckley was successfully rebuilding the network of agents lost in and due to the
3092:
1756:
2741:
1869:
2115:. In Cusack, Stephen; Scheible, Kate; Bealmar, Erin; Cerrito, Joan; Craddock, Jim; Schwartz, Carol; Tomassini, Christine; Tyrkus, Michael J.; Gareffa, Peter (eds.).
622:
Buckley had undergone 15 months of torture by Hezbollah before his death. After Buckley's kidnapping, three videos of Buckley being tortured were sent to the CIA in
2448:
1340:
3521:
448:
787:, but has not said whether any of these were issued posthumously (although at least one award of the Exceptional Service Medal must have been made posthumously).
3516:
1578:
2112:
2497:
1934:
1918:
321:. Hezbollah later claimed they executed him in October 1985, but another American hostage disputed that, believing that he died five months prior, in June.
1541:
2424:
2202:
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at Arlington on May 13, 1988, just short of three years after his presumed death date. At the service, attended by more than 100 colleagues and friends,
1992:
Versteegh, C.H.M.; van Dam, N.; Zürcher, E.J.; Peters, R.; Motzki, H.; Berserik, Françoise; de Jong, Teus; Beets, Nij; Pel, Henk, eds. (June 19, 2000).
3085:
2793:
1958:
2235:
2116:
2016:
3481:
2260:
Byrne, Malcolm; Kornbluh, Peter; Blanton, Thomas (November 24, 2006). James, Edgar N.; Soderberg, Nancy E.; Sloan, Cliff; Kranich, Nancy (eds.).
1362:
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In a summary of the content of a video taken approximately seven months after the kidnapping, Buckley's appearance was described as follows:
3531:
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eulogized Buckley, saying, "Bill's success in collecting information in situations of incredible danger was exceptional, even remarkable."
586:
He was apparently tortured over the 15 months of his capture, using drills to his joints and general beating with blunt force instruments.
549:
population of Lebanon became increasingly radicalized and started to target Westerners and Western-owned infrastructure such as embassies.
178:
3491:
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that it's possible that the information about the impending kidnapping did not reach the CIA due to an "egotistical" dispute between the
563:
3486:
1191:
740:
240:
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On March 16, 1984, Buckley was kidnapped by Hezbollah from his apartment building when he was leaving for work. Army Major General
3501:
3476:
2466:
1653:
466:
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651:
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1814:
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Buckley may have been working for the CIA while in Mexico in 1963, but this is unconfirmed. His CIA employment kept him in
455:
443:
In 1960, Buckley joined the 320th Special Forces Detachment, which became the 11th Special Forces Group, and attended both
421:
183:
173:
3536:
2261:
440:(CIA), from 1955 to 1957. He was also employed as a librarian in the Concord, Winchester and Lexington public libraries.
333:
20:
2376:
516:
501:
444:
157:
661:) attached to the United Nations Observation Group Beirut on December 27, 1991, after they were dumped on a road near
3526:
3461:
2940:
2003:. Rabdoub University Faculty of Social Sciences (Doctoral thesis (PhD in letters)) (in English and Dutch). Nijmegen:
1382:
693:
An agency memorial service was held in August 1987 to commemorate his death. A public memorial service was held with
299:
248:
3541:
3466:
1428:
1247:
776:
760:
707:
There is a small park (dedicated May 30, 2010) with a memorial in his memory in the main square of his hometown of
256:
2489:
1300:
459:
2735:
2372:"Reflections on Beirut Rules: the wider consequences of US foreign and security policy in Lebanon in the 1980s"
1218:
744:
1072:
2277:
1969:
520:
2226:
3278:
2004:
666:
478:
437:
325:
303:
193:
132:
95:
3418:
3368:
1993:
1312:
1276:
752:
644:
485:(1987), Buckley was involved in approving CIA assassinations undertaken by controversial CIA operative
314:
99:
2932:
Man Without a Gun: One Diplomat's Secret Struggle to Free the Hostages, Fight Terrorism, and End a War
1588:
1111:
1063:
2615:
2273:
2086:
1442:
1387:
870:
843:
784:
368:
264:
2371:
1944:
1928:
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acknowledged in an unclassified note that Buckley probably died on June 3, 1985, of a heart attack.
3313:
2763:
1959:"Stephens: Iran's Unrequited War: The mullahs are at war with us. Maybe we should return the favor"
1352:
1317:
1138:
595:
3036:
This book contains a thinly disguised portrait of Buckley in the form of the character Tom Rogers.
1608:
3308:
1963:
1290:
764:
708:
353:
252:
2434:
2212:
895:
545:
and socially unstable country, but throughout 1983 this instability increased dramatically. The
2957:
1645:
1472:
1331:
349:
67:
2881:(2003) . Westby, Jerry; Tauber, Sara; Burns, Vince; Axelsen, Diana E.; Peterson, Kate (eds.).
2520:
1422:
313:
Buckley's cover was as a political officer at the U.S. Embassy. He was kidnapped by the group
3208:
3178:
3173:
3133:
3070:
2848:
2700:
2304:
2046:
1796:
1259:
1213:
1086:
825:
493:(2005) Joseph Trento claims that Buckley was "one of Shackley's oldest and dearest friends."
244:
2045:. Bloomsbury Modern History/I.B. Tauris General Middle East History (1st ed.). London:
1542:"Hostages in Lebanon: Israelis are guarded; another seven Americans held hostage in Lebanon"
1102:
1056:
3456:
3451:
3423:
3403:
3288:
2834:
2305:"Chapter 3 – The Reagan Administration's Balancing Act: Confusion in Washington and Tehran"
1806:
1687:
1457:
1235:
611:
940:
8:
3398:
3343:
3198:
2130:
1689:
Prelude to Terror: The rogue CIA and the legacy of America's private intelligence network
1285:
670:
542:
384:
2281:
1661:
901:
755:
with bronze star from the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. Among his CIA awards are the
477:
In 1965 (or 1963, according to one source), Buckley rejoined the CIA in what became the
3383:
3283:
3233:
3218:
3163:
3102:
2926:
2581:
2401:
2314:
1751:
1546:
1501:
1436:
1377:
1201:
1157:
724:
701:
603:
357:
295:
223:
121:
1779:
541:
In recent history, Lebanon has been considered by American Intelligence agencies as a
451:. He was assigned as an A-Detachment commander and later as a B-Detachment commander.
3393:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3358:
3328:
3318:
3268:
3059:
3049:
3027:
3017:
2983:
2973:
2936:
2910:
2900:
2896:
2882:
2862:
2852:
2704:
2534:
2530:
2405:
2393:
2340:
2330:
2144:
2134:
2090:
2058:
2008:
1899:
1828:
1820:
1810:
1711:
1703:
1693:
1414:
1173:
1167:
780:
771:
756:
748:
732:
728:
686:
665:. His body was returned to the United States on December 28, 1991, and was buried at
658:
486:
433:
425:
413:
372:
337:
329:
276:
260:
227:
1079:
1042:
1005:
594:
On November 22, 1985, Ted Shackley, Buckley's friend and recruiter, traveled to the
3348:
3333:
3258:
3188:
3168:
3158:
2969:
2918:
2870:
2844:
2385:
2322:
2269:
2262:"The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On: Documents Spotlight Role of Reagan, Top Aides"
2159:
2122:
2050:
1802:
Beirut Rules: The Murder of a CIA Station Chief and Hezbollah's War Against America
1726:
1613:
1493:
1207:
1185:
858:
429:
281:
2389:
2218:
2187:
375:
in Armor. He continued his military education at the Engineer Officer's Course at
3338:
3293:
3253:
3193:
3138:
3118:
3003:
2930:
2524:
2318:
2308:
2182:
1800:
876:
364:
2001:
The battle for South Lebanon: The radicalization of Lebanon's Shi'ites 1982–1985
1048:
995:
967:
960:
953:
946:
932:
925:
918:
3363:
3353:
3263:
3143:
2878:
2623:
2458:
2178:"William Buckley Murdered: Captive CIA Agent's Death Galvanized Hostage Search"
1686:
Trento, Joseph John; et al. (Design by Maria E. Torres) (April 29, 2005).
1507:
1408:
1033:
975:
662:
554:
509:
1832:
912:
352:, on May 30, 1928. He grew up on south Main Street in the neighboring town of
3445:
3413:
3031:
2987:
2965:
2888:
2866:
2840:
2708:
2397:
2344:
2078:
2012:
1715:
1265:
1253:
1241:
497:
39:
3063:
2914:
2326:
3323:
3298:
3248:
3238:
3183:
3123:
2556:
2453:
2234:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. B-3.
2173:
1609:"Former Hostage Says Buckley Died Five Months Before Date Given by Captors"
1346:
1306:
1224:
1179:
831:
813:
808:
736:
698:
436:. It was during this time that Buckley began his first employment with the
396:
392:
376:
318:
235:
231:
2054:
1011:
3303:
3273:
3223:
3153:
3113:
2830:
1649:
1152:
988:
981:
720:
575:
388:
219:
209:
2129:. Gale virtual reference library. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: (
885:
3243:
3128:
2892:
2826:
546:
417:
271:
205:
1118:
1026:
849:
3408:
524:
367:
officer and served in that capacity for two years, but then attended
2224:
681:
356:. He graduated from high school there in 1947, and then joined the
3213:
3203:
2576:
500:
from 1965 to 1970, and he was promoted in his military capacity to
380:
2148:
1824:
1707:
1018:
3013:
615:
599:
153:
84:
2043:
Violence and Diplomacy in Lebanon: The Troubled Years, 1982–1988
3045:
3009:
623:
559:
307:
3100:
2962:
Journey into Madness: Medical Torture and the Mind Controllers
1692:(2nd ed.). New York City: Carroll & Graf Publishers.
1991:
607:
505:
2662:"Burial Detail: Buckley, William F. (Section 59, Grave 346)"
2462:
2007:/Uitgeverij Bulaaq (Bulaaq Publishers). pp. 197–246.
1654:"William Buckley: The spy who never came in from the cold"
1450:
1095:
610:'s counterintelligence division. Also at the meeting was
1747:"Remains of C.I.A. official are flown to U.S. for rites"
657:
Buckley's remains were recovered by Major Jens Nielsen (
799:
2935:. Times Books – Random House. pp. 334 (Buckley).
2225:
President's Special Review Board (February 26, 1987).
1859:"Boston University Honors CIA Officer William Buckley"
310:
from 1984 until his kidnapping and execution in 1985.
2447:
Anderson, Jack; Van Atta, Dale (September 28, 1988).
2127:
Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security
775:"Book of Honor" at the wall. The CIA awarded him the
512:(1972), Egypt (1972–1978), and Pakistan (1978–1979).
428:
and completed his studies, graduating in 1955 with a
2642:
2490:"A Delta Force encounter with a Hezbollah operative"
2259:
2030:– via Radboud Repository (Radboud University).
1894:
1892:
1890:
1483:
2668:. Arlington National Cemetery. (Official website).
618:, although Buckley was already dead at this point.
2266:National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book
1968:
2825:
2430:
2208:
1940:
1924:
1887:
1566:
504:in May 1969. After leaving Vietnam, he served in
3443:
2533:: Adventures Unlimited Press. pp. 255–259.
2526:Tales From Langley: The CIA From Truman to Obama
2446:
1784:. Stoneham Public Library. Stoneham High School.
317:in March 1984, and held hostage and tortured by
3522:United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
2172:
1868:. Boston University Army ROTC. April 29, 2022.
1550:. Vol. CXXXIV, no. 129. p. A10.
719:Among Buckley's decorations and awards are the
634:and kept in a cell little bigger than a coffin.
458:, Vietnam, or MACV, as a senior advisor to the
19:For other people named William F. Buckley, see
3517:United States Army personnel of the Korean War
2449:"CIA Official Tortured to Death, Gave Secrets"
2228:Report of the President's Special Review Board
1994:"Chapter Six: Escalation (May 1983–June 1984)"
472:
16:US Army officer, CIA station chief (1927–1985)
3086:
1535:
1533:
521:Marine Corps barracks bombing in October 1983
2109:
1778:Stoneham, Mass Stoneham High School (1947).
2521:"Chapter 39) The Murder of William Buckley"
2176:; Babcock, Charles R. (November 25, 1986).
1755:. Vol. CXL, no. 102. p. A3.
1281:with silver Hourglass device and "M" device
454:Colonel Buckley served in Vietnam with the
343:
3093:
3079:
2836:Shadow Warriors: Inside the special Forces
2703:: McNaughton Newspapers, Inc. p. A7.
1794:
1530:
564:Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate
38:
2737:Memorial in Stoneham, Massachusetts, USA.
2005:Radboud University (Radboud Universiteit)
714:
536:
383:, the Advanced Armor Officer's Course at
3001:
2761:
2302:
2166:
1956:
1805:(1st ed.). New York City: Berkley (
1777:
1681:
1679:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
680:
3044:. A Mandarin paperback (2nd ed.).
2877:
2733:
2715:from the original on September 12, 2021
2603:United States National Security Council
2569:
2487:
2412:from the original on September 12, 2021
2077:
2022:from the original on September 15, 2021
1740:
1738:
1736:
1584:
1554:from the original on September 13, 2018
652:United States National Security Council
531:
481:. According to Leslie Cockburn's book,
328:and is commemorated with a star on the
3482:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
3444:
3002:Ignatius, David (December 24, 2013) .
2956:
2488:Hand IV, George E. (January 4, 2020).
1795:Burton, Fred; Katz, Samuel M. (2018).
1744:
1685:
1644:
1589:Buckley, William Francis (Entries A-Z)
1572:
1539:
3547:Military personnel from Massachusetts
3074:
2925:
2774:from the original on October 18, 2021
2744:from the original on November 6, 2023
2672:from the original on October 16, 2020
2648:
2630:from the original on November 7, 2017
2547:from the original on November 6, 2023
2518:
2369:
2351:from the original on November 6, 2023
2310:Navigating Iran: From Carter to Obama
2040:
1875:from the original on October 19, 2022
1839:from the original on November 6, 2023
1676:
1629:
162:Paramilitary Operations Officer (CIA)
3039:
2690:
2620:United Nations Peacekeeping Missions
2596:
2500:from the original on January 5, 2020
1733:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
790:
759:, Exceptional Service Medallion and
294:(May 30, 1928 – June 3, 1985) was a
3532:Recipients of the Intelligence Star
2764:"Honoring the late William Buckley"
2693:"Memory of Buckley deserves better"
2570:Peraino, Kevin (January 16, 2008).
2241:from the original on April 10, 2023
1957:Stephens, Bret (October 22, 2012).
1759:from the original on March 15, 2018
1745:Binder, David (December 28, 1991).
21:William F. Buckley (disambiguation)
13:
3492:People from Medford, Massachusetts
2995:
2804:from the original on June 22, 2013
2377:Intelligence and National Security
2370:Karam, Jeffrey G. (May 12, 2020).
1363:South Vietnamese Parachutist badge
14:
3558:
3507:Recipients of the Soldier's Medal
3042:Seven spies who changed the world
2041:Salem, Elie (December 31, 1994).
1906:from the original on July 6, 2019
1594:
1383:United States Army Special Forces
300:United States Army Special Forces
3487:CIA personnel of the Vietnam War
2691:Wade, Kevin (January 26, 2017).
2081:(2009). Alterman, Shahar (ed.).
1486:
1465:
1449:
1435:
1429:Distinguished Intelligence Cross
1421:
1407:
1318:Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal
1248:Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
1117:
1110:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1010:
1004:
994:
987:
980:
974:
966:
959:
952:
945:
939:
931:
924:
917:
911:
900:
894:
884:
875:
869:
857:
848:
842:
830:
824:
812:
807:
798:
777:Distinguished Intelligence Cross
761:Distinguished Intelligence Cross
456:U.S. Military Assistance Command
257:Distinguished Intelligence Cross
152:
126:
114:
3502:American people murdered abroad
3477:American people executed abroad
3434:Names are in alphabetical order
2794:"Buckley, William Francis, LTC"
2786:
2755:
2727:
2684:
2654:
2608:
2580:. New York City. Archived from
2572:"The Death of Terror's Pioneer"
2563:
2519:Kross, Peter (April 15, 2014).
2512:
2481:
2440:
2431:Clancy, Stiner & Koltz 2002
2363:
2296:
2253:
2209:Clancy, Stiner & Koltz 2002
2103:
2071:
2034:
1985:
1950:
1941:Clancy, Stiner & Koltz 2002
1925:Clancy, Stiner & Koltz 2002
1851:
1540:Binder, David (June 27, 1985).
1341:Cambodia National Defense Medal
2762:Aliberti, Joe (June 1, 2010).
2699:. Kevin Wade: The Other Side.
1788:
1771:
1219:National Defense Service Medal
1143:with Star (denoting 2nd award)
767:, is dedicated to his memory.
449:Special Forces Officers Course
1:
3512:Recipients of the Silver Star
2734:Daderot (February 19, 2012),
2390:10.1080/02684527.2020.1762298
2274:The National Security Archive
2085:(in Hebrew) (2011 ed.).
1781:Stoneham High School yearbook
1514:
569:
371:(OCS) and was commissioned a
3472:American Cold War spymasters
2278:George Washington University
1797:"Chapter 4: The Soldier Spy"
1524:
1291:Army Overseas Service Ribbon
638:
589:
469:Hall of Fame in April 2022.
407:
189:Central Intelligence Agency
7:
3497:United States Army officers
3279:Charles Andrew MacGillivary
2768:Wicked Local / Stoneham Sun
1479:
1264:with 2 silver and 1 bronze
667:Arlington National Cemetery
517:bombing of the U.S. Embassy
479:Special Activities Division
473:Central Intelligence Agency
438:Central Intelligence Agency
326:Arlington National Cemetery
304:Central Intelligence Agency
194:Special Activities Division
133:Central Intelligence Agency
96:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
3563:
3537:People murdered in Lebanon
3419:Samuel Tankersley Williams
3369:Joseph Warren Stilwell Jr.
2819:
1313:United Nations Korea Medal
1301:Vietnamese Gallantry Cross
1277:Armed Forces Reserve Medal
1137:
753:Vietnam Cross of Gallantry
745:Combat Infantryman's Badge
100:Arlington County, Virginia
18:
3432:
3109:
2884:Encyclopedia of terrorism
2798:army.togetherweserved.com
2435:VIII. The Lebanon tragedy
2213:VIII. The Lebanon tragedy
2198:– via highbeam.com.
2087:Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir
1945:VIII. The Lebanon tragedy
1929:VIII. The Lebanon tragedy
1902:. Spartacus Educational.
1900:"William Francis Buckley"
1614:The Associated Press (AP)
1443:Exceptional Service Medal
1388:Distinctive unit insignia
1381:
1376:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1339:
1330:
1316:
1311:
1299:
1289:
1284:
1275:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1217:
1212:
1200:
1192:Meritorious Service Medal
1190:
1178:
1166:
1156:
1151:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1054:
1040:
1031:
1024:
1003:
973:
938:
910:
890:
883:
865:
856:
838:
820:
806:
797:
785:Exceptional Service Medal
741:Meritorious Service Medal
676:
465:He was inducted into the
402:
369:Officers Candidate School
270:
265:Exceptional Service Medal
241:Meritorious Service Medal
215:
201:
179:11th Special Forces Group
166:
148:
138:
107:
90:
74:
54:
46:
37:
30:
3527:American torture victims
3462:Kidnappings by Islamists
3314:Thomas Alexander Parrott
2313:(1st ed.). London:
2303:Seliktar, Ofira (2012).
1660:. Ottawa. Archived from
1519:
1368:Master Parachutist Badge
1353:Korean War Service Medal
1139:Combat Infantryman Badge
344:Early life and education
3542:Assassinated CIA agents
3467:Kidnapping in the 1980s
3149:William Francis Buckley
2327:10.1057/9781137010889_4
2113:"Chapter 3. Chronology"
1964:The Wall Street Journal
1658:Canada Free Press (CFP)
1202:Army Commendation Medal
765:Stoneham, Massachusetts
751:. He also received the
709:Stoneham, Massachusetts
602:, where he met General
306:(CIA) station chief in
292:William Francis Buckley
253:Vietnam Gallantry Cross
50:William Francis Buckley
32:William Francis Buckley
2695:. Columns and Op-Eds.
2496:. SOFREP Media Group.
2083:By Any Means Necessary
1332:Vietnam Campaign Medal
715:Awards and decorations
690:
636:
537:Background and prelude
424:, Buckley returned to
350:Medford, Massachusetts
68:Medford, Massachusetts
3209:Edith Ellen Greenwood
3174:Theodore Leslie Futch
3134:James Leroy Bondsteel
3040:West, Nigel (1992) .
2833:; Koltz, Tom (2002).
2701:Fairfield, California
2055:10.5040/9780755612109
2047:Bloomsbury Publishing
1458:Overseas Service Bars
1260:Vietnam Service Medal
1214:Prisoner of War Medal
770:The 51st star on the
684:
631:
606:, the former head of
460:South Vietnamese Army
245:Combat Infantry Badge
139:Years of service
3424:Walter K. Wilson Jr.
3289:Charles J. McDonnell
2584:on December 21, 2013
2089:. pp. 170–171.
1973:on February 14, 2015
1807:Penguin Random House
1648:(October 25, 2006).
1236:Korean Service Medal
695:full military honors
643:On October 4, 1985,
612:Manucher Ghorbanifar
532:Kidnapping and death
422:1st Cavalry Division
348:Buckley was born in
174:1st Cavalry Division
3399:Leon L. Van Autreve
3344:Stephen Silvasy Jr.
3199:David E. Grange Jr.
3005:Agents of Innocence
2927:Picco, Giandomenico
2321:). pp. 47–68.
2131:Thomson Corporation
1809:). pp. 56–78.
1664:on November 9, 2006
1650:McLeod, Judi Ann T.
1286:Army Service Ribbon
671:Arlington, Virginia
412:After serving as a
389:Intelligence School
385:Fort Knox, Kentucky
3384:Clarence L. Tinker
3309:José Antonio Muñiz
3284:William A. Matheny
3234:Patrick J. Hessian
3219:William W. Hartzog
3164:John Thomas Corley
3101:Recipients of the
2879:Kushner, Harvey W.
2849:G.P. Putnam's Sons
2697:The Daily Republic
2469:on August 29, 2019
2315:Palgrave Macmillan
2284:on August 24, 2017
1752:The New York Times
1617:. December 2, 1986
1547:The New York Times
1502:William R. Higgins
1378:Special Forces Tab
702:William H. Webster
691:
689:as of January 2005
604:Manouchehr Hashemi
502:Lieutenant Colonel
358:United States Army
296:United States Army
158:Lieutenant Colonel
122:United States Army
3439:
3438:
3394:Alfred Valenzuela
3389:Jack L. Treadwell
3379:Hugh Thompson Jr.
3374:Thomas Tackaberry
3359:Christopher Speer
3329:Edwin W. Rawlings
3319:Frank D. Peregory
3269:Richard L. Lawson
3055:978-0-7493-0620-5
3023:978-1-848-66748-8
2979:978-0-553-05357-9
2906:978-0-7619-2408-1
2897:SAGE Publications
2858:978-0-399-14783-8
2540:978-1-939149-34-3
2531:Kempton, Illinois
2336:978-0-230-33729-9
2280:). Archived from
2190:on March 29, 2015
2140:978-0-7876-7546-2
2096:978-965-552-175-7
2064:978-1-85043-835-9
1816:978-1-101-98748-3
1699:978-0-7867-1464-3
1587:, p. 85-86,
1463:
1462:
1415:Intelligence Star
1401:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1336:with 1960- device
1125:
1124:
781:Intelligence Star
772:CIA Memorial Wall
757:Intelligence Star
749:Parachutist Badge
729:Bronze Star Medal
687:CIA Memorial Wall
659:Royal Danish Army
491:Prelude to Terror
487:Theodore Shackley
434:political science
426:Boston University
414:company commander
373:Second Lieutenant
338:Langley, Virginia
289:
288:
277:Boston University
261:Intelligence Star
249:Parachutist Badge
3554:
3349:John K. Singlaub
3334:Richard Scholtes
3259:Melbourne Kimsey
3189:Hershel W. Gober
3169:Wayne A. Downing
3159:Lawrence Colburn
3095:
3088:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3035:
3008:(8th ed.).
2991:
2972:: Bantam Books.
2953:
2951:
2949:
2922:
2919:Internet Archive
2887:(2nd ed.).
2874:
2871:Internet Archive
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2790:
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2646:
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2639:
2637:
2635:
2616:"Lebanon—UNOGIL"
2612:
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2591:
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2554:
2552:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2465:. Archived from
2444:
2438:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2300:
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2291:
2289:
2270:Washington, D.C.
2268:(Mailing list).
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2216:
2206:
2200:
2199:
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2186:. Archived from
2170:
2164:
2163:
2160:Internet Archive
2157:
2155:
2133:). p. 341.
2107:
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2100:
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2038:
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2031:
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2021:
1998:
1989:
1983:
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1972:
1967:. Archived from
1954:
1948:
1938:
1932:
1922:
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1911:
1896:
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1884:
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1727:Internet Archive
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1494:Biography portal
1491:
1490:
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1390:
1349:
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1208:Oak leaf cluster
1188:
1186:Oak leaf cluster
1176:
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791:
430:Bachelor of Arts
334:CIA headquarters
324:He is buried at
285:
156:
142:1947–1965 (Army)
131:
130:
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120:
118:
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109:
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42:
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3428:
3339:Preston Schoyer
3294:Jack N. Merritt
3254:Otto Kerner Jr.
3229:Anthony Herbert
3194:John F. Goodman
3139:Leonard Boswell
3119:Glenn Andreotta
3105:
3103:Soldier's Medal
3099:
3056:
3024:
2998:
2996:Further reading
2980:
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2945:
2943:
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2859:
2822:
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2651:, pp. 334.
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2429:
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2352:
2337:
2319:Springer Nature
2301:
2297:
2287:
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2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2231:
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2211:, p. 260,
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2183:Washington Post
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2019:
1996:
1990:
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1943:, p. 253,
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1239:
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1204:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1170:
1158:Soldier's Medal
1142:
1141:
1127:
1046:
1016:
1009:
993:
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847:
836:
835:
829:
725:Soldier's Medal
717:
679:
641:
592:
572:
539:
534:
489:. In his book,
475:
410:
405:
365:military police
346:
298:officer in the
279:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
226:
224:Soldier's Medal
222:
208:
161:
144:1965–1985 (CIA)
143:
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2624:United Nations
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2459:Salt Lake City
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2423:
2384:(3): 431–443.
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2139:
2118:1984 (entry 7)
2102:
2095:
2079:Bergman, Ronen
2070:
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2049:/I.B. Tauris.
2033:
1984:
1949:
1933:
1917:
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1815:
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1646:Thomas, Gordon
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1508:Imad Mughniyah
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1315:
1310:
1305:with 1 bronze
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1266:Campaign stars
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555:Imad Mughniyeh
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483:Out of Control
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467:U.S. Army ROTC
445:Basic Airborne
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2955:
2944:
2942:9780812929102
2938:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:Thousand Oaks
2886:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2841:New York City
2838:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2719:September 11,
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2588:September 11,
2583:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2551:September 14,
2546:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2504:September 11,
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2416:September 11,
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2355:September 11,
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2288:September 11,
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2237:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2174:Woodward, Bob
2169:
2161:
2154:September 11,
2150:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2026:September 14,
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1977:September 11,
1971:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1843:September 14,
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1763:September 11,
1758:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1721:September 14,
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1668:September 11,
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1621:September 11,
1616:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1558:September 11,
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1466:Personal life
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1164:2nd row
1163:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1002:
997:
990:
983:
977:
969:
962:
955:
948:
942:
934:
927:
920:
914:
909:
903:
897:
887:
878:
872:
864:
860:
851:
845:
833:
827:
819:
815:
810:
805:
801:
796:
793:
792:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:Purple Hearts
734:
730:
726:
722:
712:
710:
705:
703:
700:
696:
688:
683:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
648:
646:
645:Islamic Jihad
635:
630:
627:
625:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
584:
580:
577:
567:
565:
561:
556:
550:
548:
544:
529:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
508:(1970–1972),
507:
503:
499:
498:South Vietnam
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
463:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
341:
339:
335:
331:
330:Memorial Wall
327:
322:
320:
316:
315:Islamic Jihad
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
283:
278:
275:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
195:
192:
191:
190:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
169:
165:
159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
137:
134:
123:
112:
106:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
77:
73:
69:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3324:Colin Powell
3299:Leo J. Meyer
3249:Eli D. Hoyle
3239:Don Holleder
3184:Elmer Gedeon
3148:
3124:Clift Andrus
3048:: Mandarin.
3041:
3004:
2961:
2946:. Retrieved
2931:
2917:– via
2883:
2869:– via
2835:
2831:Stiner, Carl
2808:December 18,
2806:. Retrieved
2797:
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2767:
2757:
2746:, retrieved
2736:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2696:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2666:ANC Explorer
2665:
2656:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2619:
2610:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:the original
2575:
2565:
2557:Google Books
2555:– via
2549:. Retrieved
2525:
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2493:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:the original
2454:Deseret News
2452:
2442:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2381:
2375:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2309:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2265:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2227:
2220:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:the original
2181:
2168:
2158:– via
2152:. Retrieved
2126:
2117:
2105:
2082:
2073:
2042:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2000:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1970:the original
1962:
1952:
1936:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1877:. Retrieved
1865:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1801:
1790:
1780:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1750:
1725:– via
1719:. Retrieved
1688:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1657:
1619:. Retrieved
1612:
1585:Kushner 2003
1580:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1545:
1469:
1395:
1347:Service star
1307:Service star
1225:Service star
1180:Purple Heart
1126:
769:
718:
706:
699:CIA Director
692:
656:
649:
642:
632:
628:
620:
593:
585:
581:
573:
551:
540:
514:
495:
490:
482:
476:
464:
453:
442:
411:
397:West Germany
393:Oberammergau
377:Fort Belvoir
362:
347:
323:
319:Aziz al-Abub
312:
291:
290:
236:Purple Heart
232:Valor device
202:Battles/wars
188:
80:(1985-06-03)
78:June 3, 1985
65:May 30, 1928
25:
3457:1985 deaths
3452:1928 births
3304:Henry Mucci
3274:Reis Leming
3224:Mike Hayden
3179:John Galvin
3154:Max Cleland
3114:Marty Allen
3016:: Quercus.
2948:January 16,
2827:Clancy, Tom
2778:October 18,
2748:October 18,
2634:January 19,
2473:January 19,
2194:January 19,
1879:October 19,
1573:Thomas 1989
1510:(1962–2008)
1504:(1945–1990)
1322:First Class
1168:Bronze Star
1153:Silver Star
721:Silver Star
576:Carl Stiner
543:politically
416:during the
228:Bronze Star
220:Silver Star
210:Vietnam War
3446:Categories
3404:David Wade
3244:Bob Hoover
3129:Aaron Bank
2893:California
2676:January 9,
2649:Picco 1999
2149:2003011097
2123:Gale Group
1833:1038024600
1825:2018010839
1708:2007278136
1515:References
1174:"V" device
747:, and the
733:"V" Device
570:Kidnapping
519:after the
432:degree in
418:Korean War
387:, and the
272:Alma mater
206:Korean War
170:U.S. Army
61:1928-05-30
47:Birth name
3409:Ron Welch
3032:909290643
2988:476815079
2960:(1989) .
2867:318994713
2709:0746-5858
2406:219459136
2398:0268-4527
2345:964883038
2245:April 17,
2013:742181947
1716:237187597
1525:Citations
1473:Lexington
783:, and an
639:Execution
590:Aftermath
525:Hezbollah
420:with the
408:U.S. Army
3214:Bo Gritz
3204:Ed Grady
3064:26543346
2970:New Work
2929:(1999).
2915:50725450
2845:New York
2802:Archived
2772:Archived
2742:archived
2713:Archived
2670:Archived
2628:Archived
2577:Newsweek
2545:Archived
2498:Archived
2410:Archived
2349:Archived
2236:Archived
2017:Archived
1910:July 26,
1904:Archived
1870:Archived
1866:Afio.com
1837:Archived
1757:Archived
1552:Archived
1480:See also
1328:7th row
1297:6th row
1273:5th row
1232:4th row
1198:3rd row
1149:1st row
510:Cambodia
447:and the
381:Virginia
354:Stoneham
302:, and a
108:Service/
3014:England
2820:Sources
1652:(ed.).
1374:Badges
1359:Badges
1345:with 1
1252:with 4
1240:with 3
1223:with 1
1206:with 1
1184:with 1
616:Lebanon
600:Hamburg
547:Shi'ite
332:at the
85:Lebanon
3062:
3052:
3046:London
3030:
3020:
3010:London
2986:
2976:
2939:
2913:
2903:
2865:
2855:
2707:
2537:
2494:SOFREP
2404:
2396:
2343:
2333:
2147:
2137:
2093:
2061:
2011:
1831:
1823:
1813:
1714:
1706:
1696:
1396:
1172:with
1135:Badge
743:, the
739:, the
735:, two
677:Legacy
624:Athens
560:Mossad
403:Career
308:Beirut
216:Awards
160:(Army)
119:
110:branch
102:, U.S.
91:Buried
70:, U.S.
2402:S2CID
2239:(PDF)
2232:(PDF)
2020:(PDF)
1997:(PDF)
1873:(PDF)
1862:(PDF)
1520:Notes
779:, an
731:with
669:, in
608:SAVAK
523:when
506:Zaire
230:with
3060:OCLC
3050:ISBN
3028:OCLC
3018:ISBN
2984:OCLC
2974:ISBN
2950:2021
2937:ISBN
2911:OCLC
2901:ISBN
2863:OCLC
2853:ISBN
2810:2020
2780:2021
2750:2021
2721:2021
2705:ISSN
2678:2021
2636:2015
2590:2021
2553:2021
2535:ISBN
2506:2021
2475:2015
2463:Utah
2418:2021
2394:ISSN
2357:2021
2341:OCLC
2331:ISBN
2290:2021
2247:2023
2196:2015
2156:2021
2145:LCCN
2135:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2028:2021
2009:OCLC
1979:2021
1912:2023
1881:2022
1845:2021
1829:OCLC
1821:LCCN
1811:ISBN
1765:2021
1723:2021
1712:OCLC
1704:LCCN
1694:ISBN
1670:2021
1623:2021
1560:2021
685:The
650:The
562:and
184:MACV
167:Unit
149:Rank
75:Died
55:Born
2386:doi
2323:doi
2051:doi
1456:12
598:in
391:at
336:in
238:(2)
3448::
3058:.
3026:.
3012:,
2982:.
2968:,
2964:.
2909:.
2899:.
2895::
2891:,
2861:.
2851:.
2847::
2843:,
2839:.
2829:;
2800:.
2796:.
2770:.
2766:.
2740:,
2711:.
2664:.
2626:.
2622:.
2618:.
2574:.
2543:.
2529:.
2523:.
2492:.
2461:,
2457:.
2451:.
2408:.
2400:.
2392:.
2382:36
2380:.
2374:.
2347:.
2339:.
2329:.
2307:.
2272::
2264:.
2180:.
2143:.
2125:.
2121:.
2057:.
2015:.
1999:.
1961:.
1889:^
1864:.
1835:.
1827:.
1819:.
1799:.
1749:.
1735:^
1710:.
1702:.
1678:^
1656:.
1631:^
1611:.
1596:^
1544:.
1532:^
727:,
723:,
711:.
673:.
566:.
462:.
399:.
395:,
379:,
360:.
340:.
282:BA
98:,
3094:e
3087:t
3080:v
3066:.
3034:.
2990:.
2952:.
2921:.
2873:.
2812:.
2782:.
2723:.
2680:.
2638:.
2592:.
2559:.
2508:.
2477:.
2437:.
2420:.
2388::
2359:.
2325::
2317:(
2292:.
2276:(
2249:.
2215:.
2162:.
2099:.
2067:.
2053::
1981:.
1947:.
1931:.
1914:.
1883:.
1847:.
1767:.
1729:.
1672:.
1625:.
1591:.
1575:.
1562:.
284:)
280:(
63:)
59:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
