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345:"Lily White" Republicans essentially drove the "Black and Tan" faction out of power in the party in 1900. McDonald and the Black and Tans temporarily regained power in 1912, before losing it again. McDonald continued to be a notable figure in the national Republican Party, however, attending many national conventions.
319:, a position that provided operating direction to the group. Under his leadership, the Masons developed several business enterprises: started "a cotton mill, published a magazine, offered insurance to members, and established a bank in Fort Worth." He remained the Grand Secretary of the Texas Masons for 50 years.
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Through these years, McDonald had also been active in black fraternal organizations, which developed rapidly throughout Texas and the South after the war as blacks established independent networks. He was elected as the
Supreme Grand Chief of the Seven Stars of Consolidation of America. In 1890, he
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In 2002, Forney, Texas, erected a historical marker to acknowledge native son McDonald and his achievements; its text includes the following: "Throughout his life, McDonald was a leader in the struggle for social justice, advocating persistence and civic and moral responsibility as the steps to
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in 1906, where he became manager of the
Fraternal Bank and Trust Company, founded by the Masons as the city's first African-American-owned bank. For a time, it was the bank used by most of the black Mason chapters in the state. With their deposits, McDonald had capital for providing loans to
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As a teenager, McDonald went to work for rancher and lawyer
Captain Z. T. Adams, who took an interest in him. He began teaching the youth about business and law. After graduating from high school in 1884, with the help of Adams and others, McDonald attended
282:'s state executive committee. He was a power in state politics for more than thirty years, and became a leader of the "Black and Tan" faction, African Americans within the Republican Party. He teamed up politically with white businessman
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African-American entrepreneurs and could encourage development of their businesses. In that segregated era, blacks had great difficulty gaining financing from white-owned banks. Under McDonald's management, the bank survived the
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legislature had established the state's first public school system. In order to gain approval, legislators agreed to let local boards determine whether schools would be racially segregated. Education was a high priority for
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McDonald died on July 5, 1950, in Fort Worth, where he was buried in
Oakwood Cemetery. He was survived by his fifth wife. His only child, Harry Manack McDonald, had predeceased him by thirty years.
247:. It had been established by the Baptist Church of the North in 1866 as a black college, and was important for educating generations of African-American leaders in the South.
235:" before the war, and by another as a "former slave." George McDonald was a farmer and blacksmith. After Flora died when William was a child, his father married Belle Crouch.
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for 50 years. In 1906 he founded Fort Worth's first
African-American-owned bank as an enterprise of the state Masons; under his management, the bank survived the
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During this period, McDonald was also elected as top leader of two black fraternal organizations, serving as Grand
Secretary of the state's black
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Disappointed with Texas
Republicans, McDonald increasingly exercised independence in supporting presidential candidates: favoring Progressive
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White
Democrats regained power in the state legislature and passed laws making voter registration more difficult, requiring payment of
173:(June 22, 1866 â July 5, 1950), nicknamed "Gooseneck Bill", was an American politician, businessman, and banker of great influence in
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in the state. More than 100,000 blacks voted statewide in elections of the 1890s, but by 1906, their number had dropped to 5,000.
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McDonald married Alice Gibson, who was a teacher at his school. McDonald helped organized a black state fair in North Texas.
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642:, ed. by Alwyn Barr and Robert A. Calvert, (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1981), pp. 83â112
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McDonald became active in the
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220:. His father, George McDonald, was a former slave from Tennessee. He was once held by Confederate General
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185:'s state executive committee, as temporary chairman in 1896, and as permanent state chairman in 1898.
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McDonald turned his energies to business, though he retained an interest in politics. He moved to
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African-American
Pioneers of Texas: From the Old West to the New Frontiers (Teacher's Manual)
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After returning to Texas, McDonald served as principal of an African-American high school in
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487:"William Madison McDonald wielded wealth, power to help Fort Worth's black businesses"
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His mother was Flora (nÊe Scott) McDonald of Alabama, described by one source as a "
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585:, accessed December 14, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association
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reporter. In 1898 he was defeated for state chairman of the Republican Party by
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Glasrud, Bruce A. "William M. McDonald, Business and Fraternal Leader",
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disenfranchisement of blacks, Mexican Americans, and many poor whites
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603:. Museum of Texas Tech University: Education Division. p. 25.
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and, later, restricting minority participation by the use of
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259:, for several years, in a rural area outside Dallas. The
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McDonald was "probably Texas' first black millionaire."
297:, McDonald was given the nickname "Gooseneck Bill" by a
649:(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971).
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Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas, 1528â1971
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A History of the Republican Party in Texas, 1865â1965
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and the region. In 1892, McDonald was elected to the
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Ph. D. dissertation, Bunker (1925). ASIN: B00085TUVW
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399:Historical marker in Forney, Texas
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626:Life of William Madison McDonald,
485:Jeff Mosier (February 29, 2008).
635:(Austin: Pemberton Press, 1965).
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703:Texas Republican state chairmen
673:African-American businesspeople
18:American politician (1866â1950)
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286:of Fort Worth, the son of the
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647:The Negro in Texas, 1874â1900
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560:Historic Preservation League
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520:"McDonald, William Madison"
288:wealthiest woman in America
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554:"William Madison McDonald"
366:Robert M. La Follette, Sr.
688:People from Forney, Texas
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460:- Registration required.
200:Early life and education
171:William Madison McDonald
25:William Madison McDonald
678:American businesspeople
624:Bundy, William Oliver.
313:Prince Hall Freemasonry
160:Politician, businessman
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222:Nathan Bedford Forrest
46:Texas Republican Party
489:. Dallas Morning News
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374:Franklin D. Roosevelt
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179:Black and Tan faction
359:Dallas Morning News,
268:and their children.
245:Nashville, Tennessee
214:College Mound, Texas
107:College Mound, Texas
305:Henry Clay Ferguson
300:Dallas Morning News
233:free woman of color
227:Dallas Morning News
206:William Shakespeare
80:Henry Clay Ferguson
69:Norris Wright Cuney
645:Rice, Lawrence D.
631:Casdorph, Paul D.
438:The African Texans
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119:(1950-07-05)
117:July 5, 1950
76:Succeeded by
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668:1950 deaths
663:1866 births
564:October 10,
529:October 10,
493:October 10,
433:Barr, Alwyn
404:equality."
64:Preceded by
657:Categories
408:References
350:Fort Worth
324:poll taxes
157:Occupation
135:Republican
100:1866-06-22
284:Ned Green
58:1897â1898
54:In office
435:(2004).
370:Al Smith
266:freedmen
149:Children
293:At the
558:Forney
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317:Masons
251:Career
190:Masons
141:Spouse
126:, U.S.
109:, U.S.
601:(PDF)
445:â34.
175:Texas
566:2010
531:2010
495:2010
447:ISBN
372:and
208:and
114:Died
94:Born
243:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
