30:
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Clark became managing director looking after overall strategy, while he appointed
Menelaus head of operational control. A student of modern management methods, Menelaus insisted on weekly reports on physical and financial performance from all departments, and took daily walks through the works. Clark
442:
With local supplies of iron ore depleting, all of the South Wales ironworks became highly dependent on transport systems. The
Dowlais ironworks site was located 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level, and so required excellent transport connections to remain profitable and competitive. As a result,
354:
For some time, the works had been in decline. The renewal of the lease had taken from 1840 to 1848, by which time Sir John Guest was starting a long and declining period of illness that would eventually lead to his death. Under the control of Lady Guest, the works had been in further and steeper
486:
Unlike many successful
Victorian-era business people, Menelaus was not very active in civic life, but focused his attentions of development of his chosen profession. In 1857 he facilitated the meeting at the Castle Hotel, Merthyr, which led to the foundation of the
367:
in favour of investment for long-run growth infused their magisterial 1857 report on the state of the
Dowlais works. Resultantly, Dowlais again became a centre of innovation, and thrived with its new cost-effective production methods. Though the
462:
In
October 1871, Menelaus travelled to Spain to negotiate a long-run source of cheaper ores. This resulted in the formation of the Orcenario Iron Ore Company in 1873, an alliance company jointly owned by Dowlais, the
323:
Having become sole owner, in 1851 Guest offered to double
Menelaus's salary to £600pa to join the new management team. However, Guest died in 1852, and was buried at St. John's church in
320:. In 1850, Clark married Ann Price Lewis (died 1885), a descendant of Thomas Lewis. Ann's brother had sold her family's last remaining interests in the firm that year, to Guest.
578:, he left the residual 36 pieces valued at £10,000 to the same institution. Today they are all part of the Welsh National art collection, and mainly hang in the
435:. He also scientifically demonstrated that old worn-out furnaces were merely destroying fuel. In 1870 Dowlais was first ironworks to use the waste gas from the
563:
Although paid well from his work at
Dowlais and investments in other steel, coal and commercial activities, Menelaus lived a simple lifestyle at his home in
271:
431:
Menelaus innovated in production systems and methodologies. He used small coal, a waste product, in the furnaces, releasing the large coal for sale as
406:, despite having made a profit. To explain why there were no funds to invest, the Clark and Menelaus made a new financial statement that was called a
583:
471:. The result was that while other South Wales-based ironworks failed or slid into decline during the same period, including the Crawshays of
239:
491:, of which he was the first president. In 1886, he chaired the meeting at the Queen's Hotel, Birmingham, which led to the founding of the
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Menelaus married
Margaret Janet Rhys, the second daughter of Jenkin Rhys of the Llwydcoed ironworks, on 26 August 1852 in
830:
567:. His only extravagance was his art collection, which included works by many of the modern and noted European artists.
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507:
488:
815:
855:
556:. Menelaus did not remarry, but brought up and educated two nephews: William Darling, who became a law lord, and
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in 1856, nine years of detailed planning and project management were needed before the first steel was produced:
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owned one and
Whyndham Lewis, the remaining six. In 1835 Guest made the acquaintance of engineer
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and
Menelaus based all of their decisions on long-run considerations: the spurning of short-run
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820:
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1870: the works consisted of six Bessemer converters and four Siemens open-hearth furnaces
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218:-born mechanical engineer, who made his name and fortune as the works manager at the
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590:'s engineering department. Menelaus was buried on 4 April 1882 in the churchyard at
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Clark and Menelaus drove railway development, connecting Dowlais to the docks at
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The evolution of Income Accounting in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Britain
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339:. Lady Guest would be sole trustee while a widow but she remarried in 1855 and
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495:, and was its president from 1875 to 1877. In 1881 Menelaus was awarded the
594:, in the same brick grave that had already held his wife for thirty years.
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475:, Dowlais profits between 1863 and 1882 averaged nearly £120,000pa.
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749:"57th William Menelaus Memorial Lecture - 'Astronomy and Poetry'"
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1863: after recovery from a business slump, the company had no
270:. Persuading him to stay, Menelaus rose to manage Fothergill's
552:. Unfortunately, she died ten weeks later in November 1852 of
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1857: constructed the "Goat Mill", the world's most powerful
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308:, by 1815 owning nine of the sixteen shares. His brother
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decline. Clark resultantly took rapid steps to improve
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After the death of Thomas Guest died in 1807, his son
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in Edinburgh. Educated locally, he was an apprenticed
570:
Menelaus died on 30 March 1882 at Charlton House, in
506:, which started in 1950, is jointly sponsored by the
410:, which showed that the company was holding too much
684:, Oxford University Press, accessed 21 August 2007
414:. This new financial statement was the genesis of
455:. They also built a new small steel plant within
238:on 10 March 1818, his father was a writer to the
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537:from 1872, donated by William Menelaus to the
792:"William Menelaus (1818–1882) | Art UK"
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240:Society of Writers to Her Majesty's Signet
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395:1861: the company entered the coal trade
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316:, who had both had been involved in the
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734:, Vol.57, No. 5, January 2007, p.27-30
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681:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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808:
560:, who became an MP and later a baron.
214:(10 March 1818 – 30 March 1882) was a
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508:South Wales Institute of Engineers
489:South Wales Institute of Engineers
14:
877:
866:19th-century Welsh businesspeople
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504:William Menelaus Memorial Lecture
676:Clark, George Thomas (1809–1898)
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478:Clark formally retired in 1897.
747:Wales, The Learned Society of.
327:. Guest named Clark, his widow
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759:
740:
720:
266:engaged Menelaus to remodel a
161:Institution of Civil Engineers
1:
836:Scottish mechanical engineers
732:Osaka University of Economics
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282:Dowlais Ironworks (1851–1884)
229:
753:The Learned Society of Wales
688:UK public library membership
7:
592:Penderyn, Rhondda Cynon Taf
582:, although his portrait by
304:became sole manager of the
246:to a group of engineers at
34:Bust of Menelaus, 1884, by
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831:People from Merthyr Tydfil
767:"Art in Victorian Britain"
421:1864: ownership passed to
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816:People from East Lothian
512:Learned Society of Wales
493:Iron and Steel Institute
408:comparison balance sheet
165:Iron and Steel Institute
149:Mechanical engineering,
856:Businesspeople in steel
771:National Museum Cardiff
580:National Museum Cardiff
543:National Museum Cardiff
482:Professional activities
343:control fell to Clark.
40:National Museum Cardiff
674:James, B. Ll. (2004) "
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527:The Parting (Bad News)
439:to fuel the furnaces.
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297:
82:, Pembrokeshire, Wales
541:, now hanging in the
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382:
331:and Edward Divett as
296:Sir Josiah John Guest
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851:Welsh industrialists
841:Welsh art collectors
576:Cardiff Free Library
539:Cardiff Free Library
465:Consett Iron Company
402:to invest for a new
329:Lady Charlotte Guest
131:Margaret Janet Rhys
861:Bessemer Gold Medal
533:) by French artist
497:Bessemer Gold Medal
473:Cyfarthfa Ironworks
418:that is used today.
416:Cash Flow Statement
365:profit maximisation
357:management controls
351:, replaced Divett.
200:Bessemer Gold Medal
647:"William Menelaus"
588:Cardiff University
546:
385:
383:Bessemer converter
347:, later to become
310:Thomas Revel Guest
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272:Aberdare Ironworks
260:Rowland Fothergill
175:Rowland Fothergill
140:Engineering career
726:Watanabe, Izumi:
686:(subscription or
318:Taff Vale Railway
306:Dowlais Ironworks
302:John Josiah Guest
288:Dowlais Ironworks
220:Dowlais Ironworks
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189:Dowlais Ironworks
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96:Rhondda Cynon Taf
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774:. Retrieved
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713:Owen (1977)
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651:. Retrieved
649:. Oxford DNB
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535:James Tissot
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437:coking ovens
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390:rolling mill
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236:East Lothian
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157:Institutions
139:
94:churchyard,
74:(1882-03-30)
61:East Lothian
36:Thomas Brock
15:
826:1882 deaths
821:1818 births
502:The annual
345:Henry Bruce
314:G. T. Clark
224:South Wales
171:Employer(s)
112:Citizenship
102:Nationality
846:Foundrymen
810:Categories
776:5 December
653:5 December
598:References
433:steam coal
248:Haddington
244:millwright
230:Early life
151:Ironmaster
146:Discipline
120:Occupation
63:, Scotland
53:1818-03-10
796:artuk.org
690:required)
447:, Barry,
412:inventory
333:executors
276:Llwydcoed
268:corn mill
550:Aberdare
510:and the
374:licensed
341:de facto
337:trustees
258:In 1844
234:Born in
216:Scottish
185:Projects
123:Engineer
106:Scottish
92:Penderyn
554:cholera
453:Swansea
449:Newport
445:Cardiff
325:Dowlais
115:British
254:Career
198:1881:
195:Awards
128:Spouse
717:57–58
572:Tenby
469:Krupp
80:Tenby
778:2012
655:2012
467:and
451:and
400:cash
372:was
335:and
69:Died
47:Born
736:PDF
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274:at
262:of
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