56:. While witnesses may only require protection until the conclusion of a trial, in particularly extreme cases, some witnesses are provided with new identities and may live out the rest of their lives under government protection. Protection is typically needed when their safety is at risk due to the potential for retaliation. The program aims to ensure their safety and encourage them to cooperate with law enforcement by providing information that can help solve cases and bring criminals to justice. It is an important tool in maintaining the integrity of the justice system and protecting those who are willing to come forward with crucial information.
271:. The unit was created by law with the passing of the Witness Protection Law, 2008. The need for witness protection raised from the risks and dangers witnesses may face when cooperating with law enforcement. In Israel, witness protection is primarily, managed by Israeli Police and the State Attorney's Office. One thing that is different about Israel is the help of financially supporting changes to physical appearance.
125:(RCMP), with support by all levels of government and police forces. The program takes into account the unique circumstances of each case and tailors its approach to meet the specific needs of the witness and their situation. Similar to other countries, the WPP provides participants with new identities, including new name and documents. It also offers relocation assistance to ensure their safety.
390:. There is no agency provided, but there are certain circumstances where the police will step up. This is part of their witness protect regime in 2013. There was an outbreak in serious crimes where people didn't want to speak up and that was when the federal government found a loophole in order to find justice.
473:. The service is delivered regionally by local police forces. Prior to the formation of the UKPPS in 2013, witness protection was solely the responsibility of local police forces. One does not need to be a witness to be granted the protection of UKPPS (for example, targets of "honour-based violence").
104:
administers the
National Witness Protection Program under The National Witness Protection Act 1994, which delivers protection and assistance to witnesses and others identified as being at risk. Not all witnesses are eligible for the Witness Protection Program. The decision to admit a witness into the
541:
Before witness protection funds can be sought, law enforcement must conduct an assessment of the threat or potential for danger. This assessment includes an analysis of the resources, intent, and motivations of the person or persons making the threats, and how credible and serious the threats appear
369:
provide protection for witnesses against members of criminal gangs and serious criminals who feel threatened or intimidated. They run a
Witness Protection Programme that monitors the welfare of witnesses and if necessary, helps create new identities. There is an agreement between the police and the
91:
Not all countries have formal witness protection programs; instead, local police may implement informal protection as the need arises in specific cases. The programs provide support, sometime even including financial support and counseling, to help witnesses rebuild their lives. It's an important
418:
Thailand maintains a witness protection office under the jurisdiction of the country's
Ministry of Justice. Between 1996 and 1997 provisions were drafted for inclusion of a section covering witness protection in the kingdom's 16th constitution, and finally, the witness protection provision was
374:
to ensure that protected witnesses receive appropriate protection from that department. In 2007 the programme became the subject of public controversy when a protected witness's previous conviction for drunk driving was withheld from police and he continued driving, eventually killing another
542:
to be. When threats are deemed credible and witnesses request law enforcement assistance, witness protection funds can be used to provide assistance to witnesses which helps law enforcement keep witnesses safe and help ensure witnesses appear in court and provide testimony.
538:, have their own witness protection programs for crimes not covered by the federal program. The state-run programs provide less extensive protections than the federal program. They also cannot hold or have as many people involved as the federal program.
410:.The act was implemented in order for people to feel comfortable testify against criminal or gangster acts. The prosecutor of judge of the case can appoint witness protection and they are held liable to hold that protective order.
176:
shotgun may be issued if the witness faces bigger threats. A new identity could be given to a witness, and the government may relocate them far from Hong Kong if the witness is still being threatened after the end of the trial.
1331:
185:
In 2006, Indonesia enacted the Law n. 13 on
Witness and Victim Protection, which introduced for the first time the legal qualifications of witness, (crimes) victim, complainant and justice collaborator within the
238:
countries). They are usually provided with financial assistance, as witnesses regularly must leave their previous employment. Witness protection is used in cases of serious, organised crime and terrorism. The
289:. Previously, witnesses were usually protected in exceptional cases by the police, but this often proved insufficient. In particular the witness protection program was focused on protecting the so-called
138:
146:
914:
260:
251:(ERU), the highest-tier special weapons and tactical operations group in Irish law enforcement. There has never been a reported breach of security in which a protectee was harmed.
114:
1110:
353:
The witness protection program in Italy has sometimes come under criticism for failing to properly protect certain witnesses, as was the case with the murders of high-profile
1191:
states "He was buried under the name of Thomas Neal Moore, the identity that
Federal authorities helped him to assume in 1965 after he testified against fellow Klansmen..."
160:
The members of these units undergo training in protection, firearms, self-defence, physical and tactical training. They are mostly trained in the use of, and issued, the
234:
by a drugs gang she was reporting on. Witnesses in the program are given a new identity, address and armed police protection either in
Ireland or abroad (generally in
403:
1220:
1249:
150:
350:
and several others. Most of the witnesses are given new identities and live under government protection for several years, or sometimes their entire life.
436:
863:
614:
590:
1188:
918:
729:
482:
888:
1277:
1114:
1201:
California
Witness Protection Program - California Bureau of Investigation - California Dept. of Justice - Office of the Attorney General
1044:
137:
have specialized units to provide protection for witnesses and their families who face threats to their life. Notable units include the
17:
154:
812:
419:
included in the constitution and took effect in the middle of 2003. Thailand's Office of
Witness Protection maintains a website.
371:
1203:
440:
983:
838:
1375:
264:
209:
203:
1085:
279:
The witness protection program in Italy was officially established in 1991, managed by the
Central Protection Department (
1380:
230:, the national police force. The programme was officially established in 1997, following the assassination of journalist
31:
1306:
1354:
1137:
187:
1228:
191:
330:, it was not until the early 1990s that the program was officially established to efficiently manage the stream of
326:(usually from politically motivated terrorist organizations) had come forward since the 1970s during the so-called
508:
769:
1020:"Witness Protection Act - Article Content - Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China (Taiwan)"
248:
122:
1006:
466:
460:
134:
1370:
960:
685:
496:
444:
217:
190:(KUHAP). In Indonesia, justice collaborators play an important role especially for the activities of the
334:
which had defected from the major criminal organizations in Italy at the time, such as Cosa Nostra, the
1060:Кожен з бійців чернігівського «Грифону» у будь-який момент готовий зі зброєю в руках захистити клієнта
92:
measure in safeguarding the well-being of those who come forward to assist in the pursuit of justice.
1390:
1221:"LIE OR DIE -- Aftermath of a Murder; Justice, Safety and the System: A Witness Is Slain in Brooklyn"
659:
101:
571:
435:
of witnesses is the responsibility of different agencies, such as the special judicial police unit
387:
1019:
892:
1285:
386:
law provides for a witness protection program coordinated by the witness protection unit of the
1059:
221:
142:
1042:
492:
470:
327:
240:
169:
27:
Security provided to a threatened person providing testimonial evidence to the justice system
347:
8:
247:. Court appearances by witnesses in protection are carried out under the security of the
226:
213:
173:
1385:
1254:
366:
343:
315:
243:
will only grant protection to those who cooperate with investigations conducted by the
1200:
794:
723:
554:
469:(UKPPS), responsible for the safety of around 3,000 people. The UKPPS is part of the
399:
80:
105:
program is made on a case-by-case basis and involves a rigorous assessment process.
789:
784:
767:
744:
566:
535:
527:
500:
448:
311:
286:
235:
711:
1207:
1071:
1048:
296:
231:
60:
638:
339:
798:
1364:
1310:
1189:"Gary T. Rowe Jr., 64, Who Informed on Klan In Civil Rights Killing, Is Dead"
1163:
488:
770:"The role of justice collaborator in uncivering criminal cases in Indonesia"
940:
504:
161:
118:
1086:"Up to 3,000 people believed to be in witness protection programmes in UK"
295:, former members of criminal or terrorist organizations who, breaking the
864:"How to Keep Them Alive: A Look Into Israel's Witness Protection Program"
768:
Hambali Thalib; Sufirman Rahman; Abdul Haris
Semendawai (April 1, 2017).
519:
383:
307:
49:
1307:"The ABC'S Of Immigration: S Visas for Aliens Assisting Law Enforcement"
427:
In Ukraine, depending on the nature of the case and the location of the
515:
499:
of 1970. Before that, witness protection had been instituted under the
303:
64:
710:
Police, Government of Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted (9 April 2019).
549:, also exist to bring key alien witnesses into the US from overseas.
76:
72:
68:
45:
41:
523:
322:
due to the lack of a witness protection program in Italy. Although
165:
743:
Government of Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted Police (2019-04-09).
546:
465:
The UK has a nationwide witness protection system managed by the
335:
291:
961:"Legge federale sulla protezione extraprocessuale dei testimoni"
941:"Grieving mother wants answers after witness protection tragedy"
844:(in Hebrew). State of Israel. 16 November 2008. pp. 98–115
550:
511:
also occasionally crafted new identities to protect witnesses.
491:
established a formal program of witness protection, run by the
432:
407:
268:
53:
1138:"UK-wide witness protection programme to be launched in 2013"
531:
428:
194:, since "corruption in Indonesia is committed collectively".
503:
of 1871 to protect people testifying against members of the
319:
59:
Witness protection is usually required in trials against
1164:"Covid: The never-ending lockdown of witness protection"
63:, where law enforcement sees a risk for witnesses to be
553:
may be used to admit into the United States victims of
1332:"Victims of Human Trafficking: T Nonimmigrant Status"
912:
813:"Witness protection in Ireland: history and reality"
745:"Witness protection | Royal Canadian Mounted Police"
742:
683:
1009:, English translation from the Ministry of Justice
557:willing to assist in prosecuting the traffickers.
1072:СБУ забезпечує захист свідків у "справі Олійника"
1362:
915:"Corrections Department NZ - Witness Protection"
483:United States Federal Witness Protection Program
86:
1275:
1250:"Witness Protection Plan Is Created by New Law"
886:
299:, decided to cooperate with the authorities.
280:
121:on June 20, 1996. The program is run by the
48:and other clients, before, during, and after
1135:
1083:
984:"Witness programme to break code of silence"
981:
728:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
545:Special arrangements, known as S-5 and S-6
1309:. Visalaw.com. 2004-08-02. Archived from
1218:
982:swissinfo.ch, Scott Capper (2013-02-20).
788:
615:"What Is the Witness Protection Program?"
591:"What Is the Witness Protection Program?"
375:motorist in a road accident while drunk.
164:compact handgun as sidearm. The standard
1355:Legislationline: Fair Trial (Right to a)
1111:"National Crime Agency - Central Bureau"
938:
686:"Witness Protection Program Act (1996)"
660:"Witness Protection Australia: A Guide"
447:and, formerly, the special police unit
147:Witness Protection and Firearms Section
14:
1363:
1161:
709:
267:is in charge of witness protection in
684:Government of Canada (20 June 1996).
42:person providing testimonial evidence
40:is security provided to a threatened
1282:Gangs: Theory, Practice and Research
889:"CIB: International Organised Crime"
261:Israeli Witness Protection Authority
204:Witness Security Programme (Ireland)
507:. Earlier in the 20th century, the
32:Witness protection (disambiguation)
24:
607:
357:Claudio Sicilia and Luigi Ilardo.
188:Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code
25:
1402:
1348:
1219:Glaberson, William (2003-07-06).
1136:Owen Boycott (28 December 2012).
839:"חוק להגנה על עדים, התשס"ט--2008"
583:
454:
192:Corruption Eradication Commission
44:to the justice system, including
1162:Morgan, Tomos (9 October 2020).
1084:Owen Boycott (24 January 2014).
476:
1324:
1299:
1269:
1242:
1212:
1194:
1182:
1155:
1129:
1103:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1036:
1012:
1000:
975:
953:
932:
906:
880:
856:
831:
509:Federal Bureau of Investigation
282:Servizio centrale di protezione
220:, and is operated by the elite
805:
790:10.14710/dilrev.2.1.2017.27-39
761:
736:
703:
677:
652:
631:
378:
360:
115:Witness Protection Program Act
13:
1:
619:www.criminaldefenselawyer.com
595:www.criminaldefenselawyer.com
577:
168:or the long arms such as the
123:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
87:Witness protection by country
939:Scanlon, Sean (2007-10-28).
712:"Witness Protection Program"
467:UK Protected Persons Service
461:UK Protected Persons Service
441:Ministry of Internal Affairs
180:
135:Security Bureau of Hong Kong
128:
95:
7:
1376:Organized crime terminology
913:Corrections Department NZ.
560:
497:Organized Crime Control Act
445:Security Service of Ukraine
413:
265:Ministry of Public Security
218:Attorney General of Ireland
133:Several departments of the
10:
1407:
1381:Law enforcement techniques
1206:February 20, 2008, at the
1047:February 15, 2011, at the
480:
458:
422:
210:Witness Security Programme
201:
197:
29:
18:Witness Protection Program
393:
372:Department of Corrections
302:During the 1980s, at the
254:
108:
102:Australian Federal Police
572:Whistleblower protection
406:on February 9, 2000, in
388:Federal Office of Police
274:
514:Many states, including
249:Emergency Response Unit
216:is administered by the
172:sub-machine gun or the
139:Witness Protection Unit
1007:Witness Protection Act
691:. Parliament of Canada
404:Witness Protection Act
318:were protected by the
281:
222:Special Detective Unit
170:Heckler & Koch MP5
143:Hong Kong Police Force
777:Diponegoro Law Review
493:U.S. Marshals Service
481:Further information:
471:National Crime Agency
202:Further information:
153:, and the WPU of the
71:. It is also used at
887:New Zealand Police.
348:Banda della Magliana
263:, a unit within the
30:For other uses, see
174:Remington Model 870
1371:Witness protection
1255:The New York Times
1225:The New York Times
749:www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca
716:www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca
367:New Zealand Police
344:Sacra Corona Unita
316:Salvatore Contorno
38:Witness protection
1276:Matthew O'Deane.
555:human trafficking
400:Republic of China
155:Hong Kong Customs
81:national security
67:by colleagues of
16:(Redirected from
1398:
1391:Crime prevention
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1284:. Archived from
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1227:. Archived from
1216:
1210:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1170:. BBC Wales News
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1113:. Archived from
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
994:
988:SWI swissinfo.ch
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
957:
951:
950:
948:
947:
936:
930:
929:
927:
926:
917:. Archived from
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
891:. Archived from
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
860:
854:
853:
851:
849:
843:
835:
829:
828:
826:
824:
809:
803:
802:
792:
774:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
740:
734:
733:
727:
719:
707:
701:
700:
698:
696:
690:
681:
675:
674:
672:
670:
664:lyonslaw.com.au/
656:
650:
649:
647:
645:
635:
629:
628:
626:
625:
611:
605:
604:
602:
601:
587:
567:Witness immunity
536:Washington, D.C.
501:Ku Klux Klan Act
402:promulgated the
312:Tommaso Buscetta
287:Polizia di Stato
284:
241:Irish Government
21:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1213:
1208:Wayback Machine
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1049:Wayback Machine
1041:
1037:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
992:
990:
980:
976:
966:
964:
959:
958:
954:
945:
943:
937:
933:
924:
922:
911:
907:
898:
896:
885:
881:
872:
870:
862:
861:
857:
847:
845:
841:
837:
836:
832:
822:
820:
819:. 27 March 2012
811:
810:
806:
772:
766:
762:
753:
751:
741:
737:
721:
720:
708:
704:
694:
692:
688:
682:
678:
668:
666:
658:
657:
653:
643:
641:
637:
636:
632:
623:
621:
613:
612:
608:
599:
597:
589:
588:
584:
580:
563:
485:
479:
463:
457:
425:
416:
396:
381:
363:
297:code of silence
277:
257:
232:Veronica Guerin
206:
200:
183:
131:
111:
98:
89:
83:issues trials.
61:organized crime
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1404:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:External links
1347:
1345:
1344:
1323:
1298:
1268:
1258:. July 9, 1999
1241:
1211:
1193:
1181:
1154:
1128:
1117:on 1 July 2014
1102:
1076:
1074:(in Ukrainian)
1064:
1062:(in Ukrainian)
1052:
1035:
1024:law.moj.gov.tw
1011:
999:
974:
952:
931:
905:
879:
855:
830:
817:Irish Examiner
804:
760:
735:
702:
676:
651:
630:
606:
581:
579:
576:
575:
574:
569:
562:
559:
478:
475:
459:Main article:
456:
455:United Kingdom
453:
424:
421:
415:
412:
395:
392:
380:
377:
362:
359:
276:
273:
256:
253:
245:Garda Síochána
227:Garda Síochána
199:
196:
182:
179:
130:
127:
110:
107:
97:
94:
88:
85:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1403:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1333:
1327:
1313:on 2012-05-02
1312:
1308:
1302:
1288:on 2016-03-05
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1231:on 2006-11-30
1230:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1003:
989:
985:
978:
962:
956:
942:
935:
921:on 2007-11-07
920:
916:
909:
895:on 2008-09-17
894:
890:
883:
869:
865:
859:
840:
834:
818:
814:
808:
800:
796:
791:
786:
782:
778:
771:
764:
750:
746:
739:
731:
725:
717:
713:
706:
687:
680:
665:
661:
655:
640:
634:
620:
616:
610:
596:
592:
586:
582:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
558:
556:
552:
548:
543:
539:
537:
534:, as well as
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:United States
484:
477:United States
474:
472:
468:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
439:(part of the
438:
434:
430:
420:
411:
409:
405:
401:
391:
389:
385:
376:
373:
368:
358:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:Years of Lead
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:, informants
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
293:
288:
283:
272:
270:
266:
262:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
233:
229:
228:
224:(SDU) of the
223:
219:
215:
211:
205:
195:
193:
189:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:(WPU) of the
140:
136:
126:
124:
120:
116:
106:
103:
93:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
55:
52:, usually by
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
1357:(in English)
1336:. Retrieved
1326:
1315:. Retrieved
1311:the original
1301:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:the original
1281:
1271:
1260:. Retrieved
1253:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1229:the original
1224:
1214:
1196:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1167:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1142:The Guardian
1141:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1090:The Guardian
1089:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1038:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
1014:
1002:
991:. Retrieved
987:
977:
965:. Retrieved
963:(in Italian)
955:
944:. Retrieved
934:
923:. Retrieved
919:the original
908:
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
882:
871:. Retrieved
867:
858:
846:. Retrieved
833:
821:. Retrieved
816:
807:
780:
776:
763:
752:. Retrieved
748:
738:
715:
705:
693:. Retrieved
679:
669:18 September
667:. Retrieved
663:
654:
642:. Retrieved
639:"Protection"
633:
622:. Retrieved
618:
609:
598:. Retrieved
594:
585:
544:
540:
513:
505:Ku Klux Klan
495:, under the
486:
464:
426:
417:
397:
382:
364:
354:
352:
331:
323:
301:
290:
278:
258:
244:
225:
207:
184:
159:
149:(R4) of the
132:
119:royal assent
112:
99:
90:
58:
37:
36:
1334:. Uscis.gov
848:24 November
520:Connecticut
379:Switzerland
361:New Zealand
340:'Ndrangheta
308:Cosa Nostra
65:intimidated
1365:Categories
1338:2013-01-04
1317:2013-01-04
1292:2012-05-31
1262:2013-01-04
1235:2017-02-23
1174:9 February
1029:2023-12-06
993:2023-12-06
946:2008-07-05
925:2010-11-18
899:2008-07-05
873:2023-12-06
799:7828326216
754:2023-12-06
695:16 January
624:2023-12-06
600:2023-12-06
578:References
516:California
304:Maxi Trial
236:Anglophone
69:defendants
46:defendants
1386:Testimony
285:) of the
181:Indonesia
129:Hong Kong
117:received
113:Canada's
96:Australia
77:espionage
73:war crime
1204:Archived
1168:BBC News
1045:Archived
783:(1): 2.
724:cite web
644:24 April
561:See also
528:New York
524:Illinois
414:Thailand
306:against
166:Glock 17
162:Glock 19
1147:26 June
1121:26 June
1095:26 June
868:Haaretz
551:T visas
443:), the
437:Gryphon
423:Ukraine
355:pentiti
336:Camorra
332:pentiti
324:pentiti
292:pentiti
214:Ireland
198:Ireland
1278:"gang"
967:5 June
823:11 May
797:
449:Berkut
433:safety
431:, the
408:Taiwan
394:Taiwan
346:, the
342:, the
338:, the
269:Israel
255:Israel
145:, the
109:Canada
54:police
50:trials
842:(PDF)
773:(PDF)
689:(PDF)
547:visas
532:Texas
429:trial
384:Swiss
275:Italy
1176:2022
1149:2014
1123:2014
1097:2014
969:2020
850:2014
825:2014
795:OCLC
730:link
697:2018
671:2023
646:2023
530:and
487:The
398:The
365:The
314:and
259:The
208:The
151:ICAC
100:The
79:and
785:doi
320:FBI
212:in
1367::
1280:.
1252:.
1223:.
1166:.
1140:.
1088:.
1022:.
986:.
866:.
815:.
793:.
779:.
775:.
747:.
726:}}
722:{{
714:.
662:.
617:.
593:.
526:,
522:,
518:,
451:.
157:.
75:,
1341:.
1320:.
1295:.
1265:.
1238:.
1178:.
1151:.
1125:.
1099:.
1032:.
996:.
971:.
949:.
928:.
902:.
876:.
852:.
827:.
801:.
787::
781:2
757:.
732:)
718:.
699:.
673:.
648:.
627:.
603:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.