Women's shelter - Knowledge

747: 1399:(PTSD). Since women in shelters have more likely experienced severe physical and mental abuse than those who do not utilize these services, they are also more likely to experience PTSD. In fact, an American national organizational survey compiled four separate studies of female support group or shelter users and reported PTSD rates between 45% and 84% (Astin, Lawrence, Pincus, & Foy, 1990; Houskamp & Foy, 1991; Roberts, 1996a; Saunders, 1994). These emotional and mental consequences have an effect on women's career opportunities and ability to function in normal life. Women's shelters try to counteract these effects as well as prevent future instances of abuse. However, PTSD can prohibit women from utilizing shelter resources effectively. 967:("Protection from Violence Law") entered into force on 1 January 2002, according to which violent offenders can be expelled from the residence, the need and number of women's shelters have decreased. In 2002 there were approximately 400 women's shelters in Germany, of which 153 were autonomous. According to a study published in 2012 on behalf of the Ministry of Family Affairs, 15,000 women, accompanied by 17,000 children, sought refuge in the then around 350 women's shelters and 40 protection homes in 2011. However, women had to be turned away 9,000 times because the facilities were full. In 2013, 34,000 women and children sought refuge in facilities, but once again 9,000 women had to be rejected. 1204:). However, the court dismissed the case because the plaintiff lacked standing – he was not involved in an abusive relationship and did not need shelter. Certain groups are critical of the smaller amount of resources available to men in the United States and across the world. However, other sources dispute the view that male-only refuges are wanted or needed by most male victims, arguing that the issue has been misrepresented out of misogyny rather than genuine concern for male victims. The Istanbul Convention, for example, states that the creation of women's shelters is not discriminatory. 1225: 1011:(literally: "keep-off-my-body houses"). Their locations were kept secret, but especially since the emergence of digital technology in the 1990s, the secrecy of the locations proved to be almost impossible to maintain. Moreover, some women were still not able to completely cut off all communication with their (former) partners and secretly sought contact with them anyway, leaving them vulnerable without the shelter's oversight. To address these issues, the remaining 4225: 27: 1178:, services for non-sheltered children, an education program, a community speaker list, and an offender treatment program. Shelters themselves also offer a variety of services. They provide counseling, support groups and skills workshops to help women move on independently. These act as tools of empowerment for women in conjunction with goal setting programs. Lastly, they offer support for children as well as legal and medical advocacy. 1490: 1417: 1211:, which offers services to both sexes. According to their own reports, around three percent of DAP supported individuals have been men. In the United Kingdom, 100 places were opened to house male victims of domestic violence in Northamptonshire, or to house families barred from other shelters, such as women with older male children. In Canada, approximately 8 percent of women's shelters are also open to adult men. 2505: 2415: 2541: 2487: 1149:. Many women become homeless in this situation because they are financially dependent on their abuser and these resources help to incentivize and support escape. The average length of stay for women is between thirty and sixty days in the United States. However, this varies in different countries and in Europe, for example, four countries limit stays to a few weeks. 738:. However, government policy has recently seen some moves to dismantle the women's refuge movement, so that in New South Wales since 2014 the management of many refuges has been handed over to large religious agencies so that they now often operate as generic homeless services rather than specifically catering to women and children escaping domestic violence. 734:, in 1974 by a group of women's liberation activists. Many others followed, with 11 established around the country by the middle of 1975 and many more to follow. Initially these services were entirely reliant on volunteer efforts and donations from the community, but they subsequently secured government funding under the 1477:

Shelters in Europe are similarly limited and only eight countries fulfill the minimum standards for shelters set by the Istanbul Convention. Another criticism of the shelters in Europe is that they have strict age limits that keep male children out and certain shelters discriminate against women from

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Many women report re-abuse after leaving a shelter. A sample study done by Bybee and Sullivan, which analyzed data from 124 victims who utilized shelters, found no positive effect on re-abuse three years after shelter use. Additionally, with current resource restraints in the United States, standard

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Shelter utilization may lead to the better functioning of survivors and fewer reports of abuse in the short term. Research that studied 3,410 residents of 215 domestic violence across the United States linked longer shelter stays with increased well-being and better help-seeking behaviors. The latter

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temples known as Kakekomi Dera acted as locations where abused women could take shelter before filing for divorce. However, a formal system was not established until 1993, when the grassroots women's movement of Japan built the first shelter. Today, there are thirty shelters throughout the country. A

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The ability to escape is valuable for women subjected to domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Additionally, such situations frequently involve an imbalance of power that limits the victim's financial options when they want to leave. Shelters help women gain tangible resources to help them

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has Health houses, Social intervention center and safehouses may offer 20 days of service and after that may offer permanently care for maximum of 6 months. There are two in Mashhad and Arak has one. Isfahan has a rehab center. Women must be no less than 15 years of age. IRGC and Tehran municipality

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verse (Matthew 25:40) quoting Jesus Christ as saying "Inasmuch as you have done it for the least of these, you have done it for me." It was designed to be a practical outworking of Christian values relating to justice and care. Although originally conceived as a shelter for women leaving prison, its

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Women's shelters in the United States are supported at a state and national level. Over 50% of the funding offered at the state level, however, comes from the federal government through grants. Services are generally administered through Domestic Violence Intervention Programs (DVIPs) funded by the

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An early women's shelter in the United States, Emergency Shelter Program Inc. (now Ruby's Place inc.), was established in Hayward, California, in 1972 by a local group of women who attended church together. Betty Moose, one of the founding members, officially incorporated the shelter in March 1972.

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Since that time almost every European country has opened shelters to help domestic violence victims. Two countries even offer shelters for particular ethnicities and cultures. Additionally, a new development in Europe is that countries like the Netherlands and Austria opened social housing for long

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found that emergency shelters served over 66,581 people in one day and over 9,000 requests could not be met during the same period. In Europe there is a similar pattern of over-demand. Utilization by women is not consistent across the population of intimate partner violence victims, however. Women

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ACWS became a founding member of Women's Shelters Canada and also hosted the first ever world conference of women's shelters in Edmonton in 2008. The conference included 800 delegates from 60 countries. The world conference is now a separate organisation with a fourth world conference set to take

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Most residents of women's shelters are the children of women who are victims of violence. This is one reason why more than half of shelters offered services to this portion of the population in a survey of 215 shelters in the United States. Services for children often include counseling and group

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released a budget proposal stripping all state funding for domestic violence and women's shelters across Washington State. These types of budget cuts caused several shelters to close their doors, leaving women with no safe haven to escape Intimate partner violence. Local communities are now also

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Due to the growing women's movement, the number of shelters quickly increased after their induction and by 1977 the United States had eighty-nine shelters available for victims of violence. By 2000, the United States had over 2,000 domestic violence programs in place, many with domestic violence

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Women's shelters evolved over time. Grassroots community advocates in the 1970s offered shelters as one of the first services for victims of intimate partner violence. At this time, most shelters were for emergencies and involved stays less than six months. Volunteers and shelter workers offered

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Women's Shelter (later WIN House) – a group from all walks of life, and secular as well as Christian beliefs – was opened in January 1970 to shelter any woman who needed shelter for any reason. These homes were grassroots organizations that lived on short term grants at first, with staff often

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housed the first women's shelter outside the capital on 12 December 1981, and Innsbruck on 16 December 1981. While the financing of the women's shelters in Vienna was secured from the outset by the municipality, the autonomous initiatives in the other states had to fight for their financial

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have announced an action programme to support women affected by violence and a round table evaluation by the federal, state and local authorities on the subject in order to ensure the needs-based expansion and adequate financial security of women's shelters and corresponding advice centre.

668:. Women's shelters help individuals escape these instances of domestic violence and intimate partner violence and act as a place for protection as they choose how to move forward. Additionally, many shelters offer a variety of other services to help women and their children including 1019:("Orange Houses") in the 2000s and 2010s, whose location is not secret, but they do have permanent security for survivors, and they allow for safe contact between survivor and (ex-)partner if both parties are interested in it. These restyled shelters are still commonly known as 842:

place in Taipei in 2019. In February 2019 ACWS hosted the first Western Canadian violence-prevention conference, the 'Leading Change Summit: Bold Conversations to end gender-based violence' which included Dr. Michael Flood (QUB) and actor and activist

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shelters do not provide the PTSD or psychotherapeutic treatments necessary for full support. They may also have issues with under-serving the community because of a shortage of funded staff, a lack of bilingual staff, and inadequate facilities.

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Shortly after the founding members established a local domestic violence hotline. Before the shelter was officially open volunteers housed women in their own homes. Other women’s shelters soon popped up around the United States which include

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is a result of increased knowledge about services and options available to women in vulnerable positions as well as increased empowerment. This may indicate that transition services and longer residential offerings are more valuable.

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From there, the movement in Canada grew, with women's shelters opening under a variety of names - often as a Transition House or Interval House - opening up across the country in order to help women flee from abusive situations. The

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therapy options that are meant to strengthen parent-child relationships and help with mental well-being. Recently, shelters also responded to increasing numbers of male victims by offering help mostly in the form of hotel vouchers.

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decided in December 1976 to finance the women's shelter set up by a social worker. In subsequent years, women's shelters were founded in other German cities. Most of them were projects of the autonomous women's movement.

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McFarlane, J., Nava, A., Gilroy, H., Paulson, R., & Maddoux, J. (2012). Testing Two Global Models to Prevent Violence against Women and Children: Methods and Baseline Data Analysis of a Seven-Year Prospective Study.

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Women's shelters are available in more than forty-five countries. They are supported with government resources as well as non-profit funds. Additionally, many philanthropists also help and support these institutions.

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clientele later became women escaping abuse by their partners. The concept of Inasmuch House was shared with other Christian inner-city missions across North America and led to the opening of other such shelters.

974:(Article 23), which Germany ratified in October 2017 and entered into force there in February 2018, there was a nationwide shortage of 14,600 women's shelters. In accordance with the coalition agreement, the 3111:

Molly Dragiewicz & Yvonne Lindgren, The Gendered Nature of Domestic Violence: Statistical Data for Lawyers Considering Equal Protection Analysis, 17 Am. U. J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 229, 268 (2009).

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In Mexico City, local law allows the government to force the abuser to leave the home instead of the victim, even if the property is owned or rented in the name of the abuser. This law was supported by

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Breiding MJ, Chen J, Black MC. Intimate Partner Violence in the United States – 2010. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014.

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with children tend to use shelters more often as well as those that are injured physically. Additionally, rural women have more trouble accessing services due to isolation and a lack of resources.

936:. The Berlin project triggered a wave of women's shelters foundations, which were granted financial aid on the basis of Paragraph 72 of the Federal Social Aid Law. For example, the city council of 1031:

First shelter for battered women was opened in 1989 in Bologna, Casa delle donne per non subire violenza, feminist group of women, with only one secret apartment and a public counselling centre.

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As of April 2020, there are 29 women's shelters in Austria; 15 of them are connected to the Verein Autonome Österreichische Frauenhäuser (Autonomous Austrian Women's Shelters Association).

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McNulty, M., Crowe, T., Kroening, C., VanLeit, B., & Good, R. (2009). Time use of women with children living in an emergency homeless shelter for survivors of domestic violence.

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Reports show that on any day over 5,000 women are unable to use services because of a lack of funding or space. Many states have also cut their funds for women's shelters. In 2009,

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Perez, S., Johnson, D. M., & Wright, C. V. (2012). The Attenuating Effect of Empowerment on IPV-Related PTSD Symptoms in Battered Women Living in Domestic Violence Shelters.

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have center of women who were formerly addicts in east of city. They have emergency telephone number people can dial 123. Sanandaj has one building with capacity of 60 people.

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Montgomery, B. E., Rompalo, A., Hughes, J., Wang, J., Haley, D., Soto-Torres, L., & ... Hodder, S. (2015). Violence Against Women in Selected Areas of the United States.

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Funds provided to each state's domestic violence coalition to improve the coordination of services available in each state. These coalitions give funds directly to shelters.

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Peek-Asa, C., Wallis, A., Harland, K., Beyer, K., Dickey, P., & Saftlas, A. (2011). Rural Disparity in Domestic Violence Prevalence and Access to Resources.

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on 1 November 1978; it was immediately overcrowded. The second Viennese women's shelter, to which an advice centre was attached, followed in February 1980.

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Dutton, M. A., James, L., Langhorne, A., & Kelley, M. (2015). Coordinated Public Health Initiatives to Address Violence Against Women and Adolescents.

893: 2782: 3255:"National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA) – Championing Dignity Compassion Victims Crime and CrisisNational Organization for Victim Assistance" 171: 3935: 3903: 2753: 2272: 2655: 661: 1153:, another form of women's shelter, offers stays of up to a year while certain communities offer public and private housing for even longer periods. 5400: 620: 2933:

Roberts, A. R., & Lewis, S. J. (2000). Giving them shelter: National organizational survey of shelters for battered women and their children.

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legal and welfare referrals to women when they exited but contact afterwards was limited. More recent programs, such as those funded by the

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Chanmugam, A. (2011). Perspectives on US Domestic Violence Emergency Shelters: What do Young Adolescent Residents and their Mothers Say?.

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member states in 2011. An article in the Convention sets the creation of women's shelters as a minimum standard for compliance. Following

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of all forms. The term is also frequently used to describe a location for the same purpose that is open to people of all genders at risk.

4594: 4259: 2839: 831: 846:, as well as 230 delegates from community organisations, trade unions, government and corporates committed to ending domestic violence. 4574: 3965: 3923: 2824: 574: 518: 499: 1228:

Volunteers in El Paso, October 16, 2012, supporting a Walk a Mile in Her Shoes event to raise funds for the YWCA's Independence House.

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Bybee, D., Sullivan, C. (. (0001). Predicting re-victimization of battered women 3 years after exiting a shelter program (English).

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Geschlechterperspektiven für die Soziale Arbeit: Zum Spannungsverhältnis von Frauenbewegungen und Professionalisierungsprozessen.

1273:, a small community of less than 3,600, people organized the Boundary Women's Coalition, to support their local women's shelter. 490: 1673: 1245:

which represents fifty-six U.S. states and territories, the National Organization for Victim Assistance, and local United Ways.

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OVC FY 16 Vision 21: Enhancing Access and Attitudinal Changes in Domestic Violence Shelters for Individuals with Disabilities

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show that one in three women in the U.S. will experience physical violence during their lifetime. One in ten will experience

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Lyon, E., Lane, S., & Menard, A. (2008). Domestic violence shelters: Survivors experiences. Retrieved from

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Funds provided to support tribal domestic violence coalitions that offer services to under-served populations.

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Thirty percent of funds provided are to improve on services available to victims of intimate partner violence.

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Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.

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Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.

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Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.

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Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.

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Family Violence Prevention and Services Discretionary Grants: National and Special Issue Resource Centers

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Shelters are usually offered as part of a comprehensive domestic violence program that can also include a

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In 1972 the center was visited by U.S. feminists, who set up similar ventures in the United States ...

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Limited and outdated sourcing and how information from the sources is presented throughout the section

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There is high demand for shelter services in the United States. A one-day national census done by the

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In the United States, certain shelters do not permit access to men. This practice was challenged in

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resources, sometimes with many setbacks, and often request subsidies from several places each year.

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The first women's shelter in the modern world was Haven House, which opened in 1964 in California.

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The first shelters in Canada developed from a feminist perspective were started by Interval House,

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taking it upon themselves to create a safe place for domestic violence refugees. In Grand Forks,

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Yoshihama, M. (2002). Breaking the web of abuse and silence: voices of battered women in Japan.

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Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to provide for the setting-up of

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two-thirds of local authorities in England have cut funding for women's refuges since 2010.

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appropriate, easily accessible shelters in sufficient numbers to provide safe accommodation

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Tsui, V. (2014). Male Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse: Use and Helpfulness of Services.

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Funds provided to help shelters make facilities accessible to those with disabilities.

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Kaufman, Joan (2012-07-01). "The Global Women's Movement and Chinese Women's Rights".

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Some shelters do permit access today, including the Domestic Abuse Project (DAP) of

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working sacrificially in order to keep the houses running to ensure women's safety.

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Funds provided to start individual National Resource Centers on Domestic Violence.

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for and to reach out pro-actively to victims, especially women and their children.

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Ethiopia's safe houses offer more than shelter to violence survivors – in pictures

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Nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status; Native American tribal organizations

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in 1976, created by women of the autonomous women's movement with funds from the

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This article is about domestic violence shelters. For other related topics, see

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State and Territorial Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Coalitions Program

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was started in 1965 by the Harbour Rescue Mission (now Mission Services) in

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in the United States was built in 1877 and converted to a shelter in 1990.

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Offering shelter to abused women is not a new concept in Asia. In feudal

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Women often suffer lasting mental conditions from their abuse including

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Grants to Tribal Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Coalitions Program

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Istanbul Convention against Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence

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and their families create a new life. Lastly, shelters are valuable to

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Sara Kazmi, NON-FICTION: TALES OF RESISTANCE, Dawn August 28, 2022

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Youth Movements, Trauma and Alternative Space in Contemporary Japan

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Women's shelters offer temporary refuge for women escaping acts of

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started the first domestic violence shelter in the modern world,

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Council funding for women's refuges cut by nearly £7m since 2010

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Have female presidents in Latin America improved women’s lives?

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In 2003 the initial women's shelter opened its doors under the

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Many grants help fund women's shelters in the United States.

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programs because of the state's budget deficit. In late 2011

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Action against violence against women and domestic violence

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other countries or who identify as lesbian or transgender.

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Zentrale Informationsstelle Autonomer Frauenhäuser (ZIF),

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in April 1973, and the Ishtar Women’s Resource Society in

2631:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 549. 1907:(in German). Verein Autonome Österreichische Frauenhäuser 3153: 1679:. The Global Network of Women's Shelters. Archived from 718:

there are no shelters for the twenty million residents.

2140:

Supporting survivors of SGBV in conflict-affected areas

2228:

Erfolg und Eigensinn. Zur Geschichte der Frauenhäuser.

1856:"Women's refuges closing down after reform fails them" 838:, Nova Scotia, was founded a few years later in 1989. 4439:

Deny, attack, and reverse victim and offender (DARVO)

2274:Überfüllte Frauenhäuser: Letzte Zuflucht – versperrt. 1993:"Interval House | Toronto Community Knowledge Centre" 912:

When a rise in domestic violence occurred during the

830:

Council of Women's Shelters was founded in 1983. The

3432: 3035: 3033: 1485: 710:

similar history did not lead to as much progress in

3089:

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

3065:

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

3014:

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

2955:

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

2598:"Veel Blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen niet langer geheim" 1437:Please help to ensure that disputed statements are 924:The first shelter for battered women was opened in 880:Canada's longest running rape crisis centre is the 172:

Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault

16:

Place of temporary protection and support for women

2452:"افتتاح مرکز جامع توانمندسازی آقایان استان اصفهان" 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1341:Available to tribal domestic violence coalitions. 3391: 3389: 3387: 3030: 2769: 1878: 1830:"Regional Women's Refuges Are Being Ripped Apart" 1506:, a United Kingdom anti-domestic violence charity 1302:STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program 894:Association for Women's Sanctuary and Development 726:In Australia, the first women's refuge, known as 5382: 2627:(2001). "Pizzey, Erin (1939– ) United Kingdom". 2595: 2561:Het oranje huis: blijf van m'n lijf nieuwe stijl 2558: 2078:"Opinion: Vancouver Rape Relief stands by women" 1881:Ein gebrochenes Tabu. Frauenhäuser in Österreich 1425:The factual accuracy of part of this article is 1373:State and regional domestic violence coalitions 5081:Power and Control: Domestic Violence in America 3428:Searchable Database of US Shelters and Programs 3154:"The Domestic Abuse Project of Delaware County" 2230:In: Mechthild Bereswill, Gerd Stecklina (ed.): 1609: 5289:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 3812:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless 3384: 3349:"Grant Programs | OVW | Department of Justice" 3230:"Grant Programs | OVW | Department of Justice" 2434:"بهزیستی خوزستان پناهگاه زنان آسیب پذیر جامعه" 2326: 1192:Domestic violence against men § Responses 1057:term stays. One reason for this growth is the 873:provides aid and shelter to women exiting the 4253: 3458: 2890: 2888: 2865:Detweiler, Elsie Moses Huck (December 2005). 2858: 1053:; the organization is known today as Refuge. 614: 5334:National Coalition Against Domestic Violence 3143:House of Commons. Retrieved 4 February 2012. 2949: 2947: 2217: 2153: 2035:The 4th World Conference of Women’s Shelters 1626:OTJR: Occupation, Participation & Health 1202:Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. BC291977 752:Social Aid for Vulnerable Women and Children 3204:"Shelters for abused women in Canada, 2010" 3201: 2837: 1883:. Vienna: Deuticke. pp. 27–54, 78–80. 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1325:Available for domestic violence coalitions 1007:, women's shelters emerged in the 1970s as 970:According to the allocation formula of the 882:Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter 832:Transition House Association of Nova Scotia 680:because they can help them find a sense of 4260: 4246: 3465: 3451: 3333:(11): 46. November 1, 1993. Archived from 3178:"Help domestic abuse victims for 35 years" 2885: 662:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 621: 607: 2944: 2864: 2623: 2254:5th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2002, 1536: 1461:Learn how and when to remove this message 1354:Administration for Children and Families 1243:National Network to End Domestic Violence 1169: 1163:National Network to End Domestic Violence 1079:National Network to End Domestic Violence 4626:Effects of domestic violence on children 3409:American Journal of Community Psychology 3323:"Help for battered women in rural areas" 3277: 2838:MacFarquhar, Larissa (August 19, 2019). 1927:"History - Mission Services of Hamilton" 1872: 1572: 1223: 1128:, who later became president of Mexico. 745: 660:Representative data samples done by the 25: 5401:Domestic violence-related organizations 2186:Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2002, 1737: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 5383: 4908:Domestic violence in Christian culture 2982: 2823:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2697: 2629:Encyclopedia of women social reformers 2563:(in Dutch). Blijf Groep. pp. 48p. 1853: 1441:. See the relevant discussion on the 4267: 4241: 3446: 3298: 3278:McKinley, Jesse (25 September 2009). 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2701: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2147: 555:Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes 4913:Domestic violence in Islamic culture 4363:Sexual violence by intimate partners 3041:Journal of Women's Health (15409996) 2990:Journal of Women's Health (15409996) 2596:Anneke Stoffelen (31 January 2011). 2100: 1716: 1714: 1635: 1565: 1563: 1410: 1309:Available to states and territories 902:United Nations Development Programme 4343:Genital modification and mutilation 2788:from the original on 14 April 2021. 2208:Der Kampf um das „Frauenhaus Köln“. 13: 5339:National Domestic Violence Hotline 3433:Global Network of Women's Shelters 3202:Burczycka, Marta; Cotter, Cotter. 2912: 2674: 1233:Family Violence Services Act, the 1219: 1136: 786:The very first women's shelter in 754:association (1978), which created 14: 5412: 5282:Journal of Interpersonal Violence 3421: 2896:American Journal of Public Health 1728:(4), 389–400 12p. doi:sw/47.4.389 1711: 1560: 1338:Office on Violence Against Women 1322:Office on Violence Against Women 1306:Office on Violence Against Women 1276: 1256:cut $ 16,000 in state funding to 1185: 1034: 1015:gradually converted to so-called 4224: 4223: 3472: 2781:(pdf). Los Angeles. p. 22. 2327:Patricia Hecht (7 August 2018). 2252:Fachlexikon der sozialen Arbeit. 1488: 1415: 1072: 871:Servants Anonymous Society (SAS) 4676:Management of domestic violence 4560:Domestic violence and pregnancy 4391:Domestic violence and pregnancy 3401: 3375:Issues In Mental Health Nursing 3366: 3341: 3315: 3292: 3271: 3247: 3222: 3195: 3170: 3146: 3137:House of Commons (20 May 2008) 3131: 3128:(2), 121–130 10p. doi:sw/swu007 3114: 3105: 3081: 3057: 3006: 2971: 2935:Journal of Community Psychology 2831: 2792: 2763: 2747: 2721: 2617: 2589: 2567: 2552: 2534: 2516: 2498: 2480: 2462: 2444: 2426: 2408: 2390: 2372: 2320: 2284: 2265: 2245: 2197: 2184:Der lange Atem der Provokation. 2176: 2131: 2094: 2070: 2048: 2023: 2009: 1985: 1967: 1943: 1919: 1897: 1847: 1822: 1798: 1774: 1041:Refuge (United Kingdom charity) 649:and support for women escaping 3822:Youth Homelessness Matters Day 2702:Logar, Rosa (1 January 2016). 2512:(in Persian). 4 November 2020. 1731: 1698: 1666: 1397:posttraumatic stress disorders 1156: 1095:, which was opened in 1974 by 998: 1: 5296:Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 5204:What's Love Got to Do with It 4636:Parental bullying of children 4616:Adverse childhood experiences 4555:Domestic violence against men 3566:Anti-homelessness legislation 3305:Seattle University Law Review 3140:House of Commons Sixth Report 2658:. Refuge. n.d. Archived from 2212:autonome-frauenhaeuser-zif.de 2154:Romana Abels (2 April 2020). 1854:Browne, Rachel (2014-06-21). 1740:Journal of Contemporary China 1530: 857:, Canada, offers services in 762:The first women's shelter in 500:International legal framework 4600:Social emotional development 2546:خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim 2492:خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim 1931:Mission Services of Hamilton 1752:10.1080/10670564.2012.666830 1605:10.1080/13575279.2011.596814 1406: 1370:Office for Victims of Crime 1235:Victims of Crime Act of 1984 1200:a court case in California ( 1061:, a convention signed by 47 721: 595:Violence against LGBT people 469:Online gender-based violence 165:Violence against prostitutes 21:Outline of domestic violence 7: 5254:Contemporary Family Therapy 4503:Passive-aggressive behavior 4416:Situational couple violence 3729:Homeless Friendly Precincts 2868:A Life of Faith: My Journey 1481: 1131: 914:COVID-19 pandemic in France 887: 10: 5417: 4666:Domestic violence hotlines 4590:Parental abuse by children 2871:. iUniverse. p. 256. 2101:Ford, Liz (27 July 2016). 1879:Irmtraut Karlsson (1988). 1382: 1239:Violence Against Women Act 1214: 1189: 1105:Violence Against Women Act 1076: 1038: 934:Ministry of Family Affairs 919: 750:Founding documents of the 741: 691: 135:Sexual violence statistics 18: 5357: 5316: 5245: 5213: 5104: 5067:The Conspiracy of Silence 5051: 5044: 4984: 4928: 4921: 4900: 4694: 4658: 4646:Stress in early childhood 4608: 4570:Intimate partner violence 4542: 4535: 4483:Major depressive disorder 4424: 4371: 4333: 4326: 4293:Abusive power and control 4275: 4221: 4191: 4156: 4125: 4077: 4059:Eastern European children 4051: 4044: 3976: 3874: 3843: 3834: 3789: 3737: 3684: 3634: 3558: 3480: 3101:10.1080/10911350902787429 3077:10.1080/10911350902787429 3026:10.1080/10911350902787429 2967:10.1080/10911350902787429 2772:"Annual Report 2011–2012" 2559:Dijk, Pieter van (2008). 2017:"Constitution and Bylaws" 1860:The Sydney Morning Herald 1525:Woman's Exchange Movement 1198:Blumhorst v. Haven Hills, 1147:intimate partner violence 1118: 1021:blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen 1013:blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen 1009:blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen 907: 834:, which runs shelters in 781: 655:intimate partner violence 454:Intimate partner violence 347:Female genital mutilation 125:Causes of sexual violence 5275:Journal of Family Issues 4406:Murder of pregnant women 3797:Homelessness Action Week 3299:Sully, Patricia (2011). 2908:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302430 1997:ckc.torontofoundation.ca 1662:10.1177/1077801212437348 1548:dictionary.cambridge.org 1026: 955:– Article 23: Shelters, 758:'s first women's shelter 643:battered women's shelter 5370:Domestic violence court 5190:Sleeping with the Enemy 3894:Latin American children 2770:Jewish Family Service. 2577:(in Dutch). Blijf Groep 2279:Spiegel Online Politik. 1955:www.shelterlistings.org 1250:Governor Schwarzenegger 986: 696: 306:Secondary victimisation 130:Child sexual initiation 117:Sexual assault and rape 5396:Violence against women 5365:Battered woman defense 5303:Violence Against Women 4686:Prevention initiatives 4595:Same-sex relationships 4353:Birth control sabotage 4298:Conflict tactics scale 3817:Street Child World Cup 3802:Homeless Persons' Week 3210:. Government of Canada 1810:dictionaryofsydney.org 1704:Cassegård, C. (2013). 1650:Violence Against Women 1593:Child Care In Practice 1520:Women's police station 1229: 1170:Other services offered 952: 759: 732:Glebe, New South Wales 590:Violence against women 50:Violence against women 34: 4358:Reproductive coercion 3765:Single-room occupancy 3657:Homelessness services 3053:10.1089/jwh.2011.2891 3002:10.1089/jwh.2014.4884 2234:Beltz Juventa, 2010, 1431:The dispute is about 1227: 1093:Boston, Massachusetts 944: 749: 464:Marry-your-rapist law 459:Marriage by abduction 316:Virgin cleansing myth 29: 5162:Looking for Angelina 3984:Bangladeshi children 3781:Transitional housing 2656:"35 years of Refuge" 2386:. February 27, 2023. 1708:. Leiden: Brill, 78. 1151:Transitional housing 1109:transitional housing 1051:Chiswick Women's Aid 1045:In England in 1971, 672:and legal guidance. 647:temporary protection 449:Forced sterilisation 145:Cybersex trafficking 31:Pringle-Patric House 5074:Defending Our Lives 4961:Nicola Graham-Kevan 4631:Narcissistic parent 4458:Emotional blackmail 3606:Vulnerability Index 2733:Istanbul Convention 2528:اصفهان امروز آنلاین 2458:. February 7, 2023. 1975:"About | Win House" 1686:on 20 December 2016 1674:"Global Data Count" 1115:shelters included. 972:Istanbul Convention 957:Istanbul Convention 140:Forced prostitution 5329:ManKind Initiative 5176:One Minute to Nine 5169:Once Were Warriors 4936:Jacquelyn Campbell 4508:Setting up to fail 4498:Narcissistic abuse 3807:Homeless World Cup 3285:The New York Times 3182:www.delcotimes.com 2704:"WAVE Report 2015" 2662:on 8 November 2012 2440:. October 3, 1398. 2031:"Past conferences" 1656:(1), 102–117 16p. 1266:Christine Gregoire 1230: 965:Gewaltschutzgesetz 760: 736:Whitlam government 637:, also known as a 380:Narcissistic abuse 35: 5378: 5377: 5312: 5311: 5040: 5039: 4654: 4653: 4531: 4530: 4318:Traumatic bonding 4308:Cycle of violence 4269:Domestic violence 4235: 4234: 4217: 4216: 4187: 4186: 4031:Filipino children 3861:Ghanaian children 3830: 3829: 3707:Four penny coffin 3652:Homeless ministry 3337:on March 5, 2014. 3208:Statistics Canada 2902:(10), 2156–2166. 2878:978-0-595-37582-0 2638:978-1-57607-101-4 2476:. March 27, 2019. 2299:WAVE Country Info 2240:978-3-7799-2304-6 2182:Kristina Schulz: 1471: 1470: 1463: 1389:anxiety disorders 1380: 1379: 1258:domestic violence 1143:domestic violence 1126:Claudia Sheinbaum 1063:Council of Europe 651:domestic violence 631: 630: 486:Toxic masculinity 418:Droit du seigneur 395:Domestic violence 150:Human trafficking 5408: 5391:Women's shelters 5268:Family Relations 5236:The War on Women 5113:American Tragedy 5049: 5048: 4926: 4925: 4540: 4539: 4513:Silent treatment 4463:False accusation 4331: 4330: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4239: 4238: 4227: 4226: 4204:Papua New Guinea 4049: 4048: 3841: 3840: 3760:Right to housing 3755:Rapid Re-Housing 3692:Homeless shelter 3682: 3681: 3669:Street newspaper 3621:Social cleansing 3467: 3460: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3416: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3382: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3360: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3184:. 7 October 2013 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3150: 3144: 3135: 3129: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3085: 3079: 3061: 3055: 3037: 3028: 3010: 3004: 2986: 2980: 2975: 2969: 2951: 2942: 2931: 2910: 2892: 2883: 2882: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2822: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2802:. 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Tucker 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5007:Elizabeth Celi 5004: 4999: 4994: 4992:Ruahine Albert 4988: 4986: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4971:Linda Saltzman 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4932: 4930: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4887:United Kingdom 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4446: 4444:Economic abuse 4441: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4339: 4337: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4303:Cycle of abuse 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4242: 4233: 4232: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4105:United Kingdom 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3896: 3891: 3890: 3889: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3847: 3845: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3717:Warming center 3714: 3709: 3704: 3702:Drop-in center 3699: 3697:Cooling center 3688: 3686: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3626:Slum clearance 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3581:Discrimination 3578: 3573: 3571:Bill of Rights 3568: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3493:Cyber-homeless 3490: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3422:External links 3420: 3418: 3417: 3400: 3383: 3381:(12), 872 11p. 3365: 3355:. 23 July 2014 3340: 3314: 3291: 3270: 3246: 3236:. 23 July 2014 3221: 3194: 3169: 3145: 3130: 3113: 3104: 3080: 3071:(4), 359–374. 3056: 3029: 3005: 2981: 2970: 2943: 2911: 2884: 2877: 2857: 2844:The New Yorker 2830: 2791: 2762: 2746: 2720: 2673: 2647: 2637: 2616: 2588: 2566: 2551: 2533: 2515: 2497: 2479: 2461: 2443: 2425: 2407: 2389: 2371: 2319: 2283: 2271:Lisa Erdmann: 2264: 2244: 2216: 2196: 2175: 2146: 2130: 2093: 2069: 2066:on 2018-09-04. 2047: 2022: 2008: 1984: 1966: 1942: 1918: 1905:"Frauenhäuser" 1896: 1889: 1871: 1846: 1821: 1797: 1773: 1730: 1710: 1697: 1665: 1634: 1608: 1571: 1559: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1500: 1499: 1483: 1480: 1469: 1468: 1423: 1421: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1278: 1277:Grant examples 1275: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1187: 1186:Male residents 1184: 1176:crisis hotline 1171: 1168: 1158: 1155: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1120: 1117: 1077:Main article: 1074: 1071: 1039:Main article: 1036: 1035:United Kingdom 1033: 1028: 1025: 1000: 997: 988: 985: 943: 921: 918: 909: 906: 889: 886: 783: 780: 743: 740: 723: 720: 698: 695: 693: 690: 678:battered women 639:women's refuge 629: 628: 626: 625: 618: 611: 603: 600: 599: 598: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 549: 548: 547:Related topics 544: 543: 542: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 503: 502: 496: 495: 494: 493: 488: 483: 478: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 414: 413: 412: 407: 402: 392: 387: 382: 374: 373: 369: 368: 367: 366: 361: 360: 359: 354: 344: 342:Breast ironing 339: 331: 330: 326: 325: 324: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 302: 301: 296: 291: 286: 279:Sexual assault 276: 275: 274: 269: 267:Unacknowledged 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 174: 169: 168: 167: 162: 160:Sexual slavery 157: 152: 147: 137: 132: 127: 119: 118: 114: 113: 112: 111: 106: 101: 96: 94:Pregnant women 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 58: 57: 53: 52: 46: 45: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5413: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5317:Organizations 5315: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5090: 5089: 5088:Silent Voices 5085: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052:Documentaries 5050: 5047: 5043: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5017:Donna Ferrato 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4997:Angela Barker 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4976:Murray Straus 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4951:Mary Ellsberg 4949: 4947: 4946:Emily Douglas 4944: 4942: 4941:Kenneth Dodge 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4892:United States 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4641:Sibling abuse 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 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3060: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3034: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2948: 2941:(6), 669–681. 2940: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2889: 2880: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2861: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2826: 2820: 2806:on 2020-07-20 2805: 2801: 2795: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2605: 2604: 2603:de Volkskrant 2599: 2592: 2576: 2575:"Oranje Huis" 2570: 2562: 2555: 2547: 2543: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2519: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2422:(in Persian). 2421: 2417: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2367: 2355: 2340: 2336: 2333:(in German). 2332: 2331: 2323: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2280: 2276: 2275: 2268: 2261: 2260:3-17-006848-2 2257: 2253: 2248: 2241: 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