94:
85:
74:
34:
65:
2406:
25:
54:
45:
279:– making her the only woman to be award two Nobel prizes). Her prize in chemistry was for her "discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element."
311:. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A Doudna won the 2020 prize in chemistry “for the development of a method for genome editing.” Charpentier and Doudna are the first women to share the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
342:"for their seminal contributions to understanding the chemistry of cellular communication and inventing chemical methodologies to study the role of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in such biological processes."
1141:, American organic and biological chemist, and microbiologist. Recipient of the 2020 Alan T. Waterman Award for her work on understanding the chemistry of metabolic processes. Professor at Harvard University.
1950:
387:
The following list is split into the centuries when the majority of the scientist's work was performed. The scientist's listed may be born and perform work outside of the century they are listed under.
1213:, American chemical engineer focusing on macromolecular design and synthesis of materials for drug delivery systems, particularly in relation to cancer, immunology, and immunotherapy. Professor at MIT.
544:(1851–1936), one of thirteen (American) women to graduate with a degree in chemistry in the 1800s, and the first to graduate with a doctorate in philosophy of chemistry. Her areas of focus were in
2058:
1758:"Poxel Expands Metabolic Pipeline Through Strategic Acquisition Agreement with DeuteRx for DRX-065, a Novel Clinical Stage Drug Candidate for NASH, and Other Programs"
1878:
1318:, American atmospheric chemist whose research contributed to understanding of atmospheric aerosols and their impact on air quality, climate, and human health
1346:, American inorganic chemist who studies light-initiated reactions of metal complexes with application to disease treatment and solar energy conversion.
331:"for ingenious structural discoveries of the ribosomal machinery of peptide-bond formation and the light-driven primary processes in photosynthesis.
2243:
2065:
2365:
1975:
1614:"Stereoselective and Regioselective Synthesis of Heterocycles via Copper-Catalyzed Additions of Amine Derivatives and Alcohols to Alkenes"
271:
was the first woman to receive the prize in 1911, which was her second Nobel Prize (she also won the prize in physics in 1903, along with
2142:
1265:
1805:
1260:, German polymer chemist working on the design, synthesis, and characterisation of novel and sustainable polymeric materials and
1200:
1108:(1935–2007), Brazilian biochemist, president of the Brazilian Society for the Progress of the Science (SBPC) from 1999 to 2003
2238:
1709:
1398:
410:
283:, Marie's daughter, became the second woman to be awarded this prize in 1935 for her discovery of artificial radioactivity.
1393:
1442:
2435:
2334:
1838:
1951:"HotSpot Therapeutics Completes $ 45 Million Series A Financing to Advance New Approach to Allosteric Drug Discovery"
1589:
1244:
based technologies, she is a cofounder of
Caribou Biosciences, a genome editing and cell therapy development company.
535:
264:
1661:
1340:, materials chemist focusing on sustainable materials for energy applications. Professor at Imperial College London.
2440:
1154:
Sherry
Chemler, American Organic Chemist. Professor University at Buffalo. ACS Cope Scholar Award recipient (2017).
480:(1839–1900), First American female to earn a doctorate in chemistry, first regularly admitted female member of the
1685:
1204:
2294:
2257:
2095:
1550:
1381:
150:. Their research or application has made significant contributions in the area of basic or applied chemistry.
2409:
2370:
2253:
2051:
1290:, French materials chemist studying molecular magnetism, spin crossover molecules, and coordination chemistry
1190:
853:(born 1936), American physical biochemist working on cheminformatics and computer-aided drug design in the US
541:
2349:
2322:
2203:
2167:
886:
1160:, British chemist focusing on computational and machine learning methods, particularly chemistry-informed
2114:
2109:
2445:
2329:
2182:
2129:
1325:
1171:
Sheila Hobbs DeWitt, American chemist. Chair, President, CEO, Cofounder of DeuteRx which has developed
1087:
1543:
Ladies in the
Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of their Research
2208:
2172:
2124:
1371:
481:
409:(1864–1929), one of the first two female chemistry students at the University of Oxford; signed the
2177:
2104:
1216:
758:
300:
260:
239:
225:
93:
1193:
whose research focuses on the development of redox- and photo-active molecules to modify surfaces.
683:(1918–1999), American biochemist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 for drug development)
2430:
2151:
2119:
1269:
1180:
892:
462:(1875–1978), Inorganic chemist, probably the first British woman to gain a doctorate in chemistry
320:
288:
229:
181:
794:
2314:
1033:
850:
806:
523:
487:
477:
187:
122:
1324:, British inorganic chemist. President elect (2020-present) and present (2022-present) of the
2339:
2078:
1367:
1220:
1161:
1081:
910:
823:
499:
397:
170:
1757:
788:
453:
235:
110:
2344:
2278:
2198:
2074:
1418:
1275:
991:
862:
401:
1831:
A Practical Guide to
Combinatorial Chemistry (ACS Professional Reference Book) 1st Edition
1287:
8:
2273:
2213:
1377:
1293:
1241:
1039:
928:
880:
874:
746:
656:
339:
195:
177:
1733:
1466:
1926:
1638:
1613:
1516:
1355:
1337:
1299:
1148:
1069:
1063:
985:
979:
856:
782:
692:
415:
280:
205:
84:
1999:
2375:
1834:
1643:
1546:
1309:
1060:(born 1955), American organic and medicinal chemist, discoverer of two marketed drugs
1027:
940:
922:
844:
710:
704:
680:
431:
335:
73:
1219:, American biophysicist and chemical biologist. Known for her work in the design of
511:
456:(1849–1917), Swedish mineral chemist, first formally educated female Swedish chemist
440:(1863–1914), first woman to be a university chemistry lecturer in the United Kingdom
146:. It should include those who have been important to the development or practice of
1633:
1625:
1315:
1281:
1210:
1118:
1075:
1051:
952:
934:
835:
829:
734:
728:
674:
614:
602:
590:
572:
465:
356:
304:
134:
33:
2043:
1902:
2233:
1491:
1331:
1251:
1237:
1186:
1176:
1157:
1144:
1021:
958:
949:(1890–1981), Hungarian (naturalized American) nuclear chemist and polonium expert
818:
770:
722:
608:
517:
443:
434:(1895–1986) First woman to graduate from Norwegian Institute of Technology (1919)
424:(1896–1957) Jewish Czech-American biochemist who was the first American to win a
406:
284:
276:
191:
126:
114:
791:(1897–1956), French chemist and nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935
1132:
1057:
946:
898:
812:
800:
764:
698:
584:
566:
459:
447:
352:
201:
130:
859:(1921–2001), First African American woman to earn her PhD in the United States
719:, German-trained medicinal chemist, professor of medicinal chemistry in the US
2424:
1343:
1261:
1247:
1165:
1138:
1015:
1003:
997:
970:
964:
776:
740:
686:
668:
662:
578:
505:
493:
215:
1629:
1647:
1545:(1st ed.). Lanham, MD & London: The Scarecrow Press. p. 256.
1361:
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752:
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376:
367:
272:
1349:
1231:
1093:
1009:
916:
904:
868:
716:
638:
468:(1846–1919), Russian chemist, first Russian female doctorate in chemistry
425:
296:
268:
245:
106:
64:
1854:
1467:"Two women share chemistry Nobel in historic win for 'genetic scissors'"
1151:
who studies organic and hybrid materials using ultrafast spectroscopies.
44:
1257:
1196:
1128:
1127:, American chemist focusing on development of computational methods in
1099:
974:
596:
545:
437:
421:
372:
328:
292:
118:
1855:"Professor Dame Clare Grey FRS | Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry"
2022:
1829:
Czarnik, Anthony W.; DeWitt, Sheila Hobbs, eds. (December 18, 1997).
1781:
650:
553:
549:
520:(1870–1915), First woman to get her doctorate in chemistry in Germany
147:
1370:, American medicinal chemist and pharmaceutical executive. Chair of
1102:(born 1939), Israeli crystallographer, Nobel prize in chemistry 2009
761:(1910–1994), British crystallographer, Nobel prize in chemistry 1964
24:
1570:"The Hammond Lab – Engineering Multifunctional Polymeric Materials"
1224:
642:
400:(1856–1933), one of the first two female chemistry students at the
308:
253:
219:
1240:, American biochemist and structural biologist. Her work regards
209:
943:(1909–1981), American pioneer in mass spectrometry and computing
641:(1867–1934), Polish-French physicist and chemist (discoverer of
53:
1172:
1121:, American chemist whose research focuses air-liquid interfaces
1096:(born 1925), Australian chemist, biochemist, and microbiologist
839:
646:
363:
249:
1569:
1976:"Atlas-backed startup raises $ 100M for protein 'hotspots'"
1710:"Deuterating Chiral Centers Stabilizes Thalidomide Analogs"
1306:
and their effects on air quality, climate, and human health
1078:, American computational, theoretical, and physical chemist
743:(1902–1992), Turkish chemist, first woman chemist of Turkey
299:. Forty five years later, Ada Yonath shared the prize with
707:(1920–1957), British physical chemist and crystallographer
526:(1842–1911), American industrial and environmental chemist
291:. Among her significant discoveries are the structures of
1612:
Chemler, S. R.; Karyakarte, S. D.; Khoder, Z. M. (2017).
1927:"Jeanne Hardy | Department of Chemistry | UMass Amherst"
1358:, American chemical biologist and supramolecular chemist
1230:
Geraldine
Harriman, American Organic Chemist. Developed
653:); Nobel laureate in physics 1903, and in chemistry 1911
1879:"Clare Grey: New Batteries for more Climate Protection"
1611:
1312:, American plant synthetic biologist working in England
1250:, South Korean materials chemist known for her work in
1234:. Chief Scientific Officer and co-founder of HotSpot.
1364:, American chemist and clean energy researcher at UCI
1278:, Israeli chemist, specialized in chemistry education
1179:. Awarded Women to Watch (2013). She is a pioneer of
1042:(1926–2006), Analytical chemist and chemical engineer
474:(1853–1915), American chemist, teacher, and physician
418:(1868–1897), one of the first female Russian chemists
2073:
1686:"Deuterium switcheroo breathes life into old drugs"
307:for the study of the structure and function of the
263:(listed above), awarded annually since 1901 by the
1207:in 2021. Professor at the University of Cambridge.
1147:, Swiss chemist and Professor of Chemistry at the
731:(1963-), American chemical engineer, MIT professor
2422:
1443:"2020 Nobel Prizes Honor Three Women in Science"
895:(1924–2019), Argentine chemist, environmentalist
797:(born 1927), Brazilian, American organic chemist
1227:. Professor at the University of Massachusetts.
1030:(1925–2013), British chemist and Prime Minister
865:(born 1949), American organic/medicinal chemist
1223:binding sites and control elements into human
973:(1930–2008), American chemist, co-inventor of
701:(1947–2021), American physical organic chemist
496:(1826–1910), French chemist and bacteriologist
2059:
1828:
1328:. Professor at the University of Southampton.
809:(1929–2016), American chemist, Pharmacologist
287:won the prize in 1964 for the development of
16:Female contributors to the field of chemistry
1066:(born 1970), American organometallic chemist
937:(1919–2011), American Pharmaceutical chemist
838:(1923–2014), American chemist, inventor of
821:(1946-2023), Polish chemist, co-founder of
2066:
2052:
1738:Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN)
1714:Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN)
1690:Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN)
1352:, American process chemist and pharma exec
1662:"Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award Recipients"
1637:
1203:to study battery technology. Awarded the
1012:(1896–1978), German chemist and physicist
382:
1284:, American synthetic chemist in industry
1266:Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
1199:, British chemist pioneering the use of
1054:(1948–1997), American metal toxicologist
907:, British-born medicinal/organic chemist
677:(born 1949), French, theoretical chemist
1201:nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
2423:
1540:
994:(1919–2016), American physical chemist
803:(1921–2017), American crystallographer
2047:
1399:1904 petition to the Chemical Society
988:(born 1933), American organic chemist
961:(born 1975), American organic chemist
889:(1902–2000), American organic chemist
877:(born 1932), American nuclear chemist
847:(1903–1971), British crystallographer
779:(1906–1995), American organic chemist
749:(born 1926), American Nuclear chemist
737:(1912–1998), American organic chemist
695:(1909–1997), American organic chemist
671:(born 1980), American organic chemist
411:1904 petition to the Chemical Society
1806:"2013 Women to Watch: Sheila DeWitt"
1564:
1562:
1374:Medicinal Chemistry Division (2017).
1048:, American organic/medicinal chemist
575:, American analytical and biochemist
366:(element 96), named after Marie and
359:are named after a female scientist:
346:
1394:List of female mass spectrometrists
1189:, Italian chemist and professor at
931:(1941–2001), Indian organic chemist
725:(1879–1968), Norwegian radiochemist
635:(born 1950), French organic chemist
617:(1917–2006), Indian organic chemist
611:, American physical organic chemist
569:(1914–2006), Greek physical chemist
13:
1380:, American chemist working at the
925:(1921–1983), Greek organic chemist
913:(1872–1952), American food chemist
450:; Norway's second female professor
319:Three women have been awarded the
218:– structure & function of the
153:
14:
2457:
1559:
1534:
536:Nadezhda Olimpievna Ziber-Shumova
314:
265:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
171:Women in science § Chemistry
2405:
2404:
1903:"Paula Hammond | Koch Institute"
1618:The Journal of Organic Chemistry
1084:(1921–2011), American biochemist
1036:, British biochemist (chromatin)
1006:(born 1946), American biochemist
1000:(born 1956), Atmospheric chemist
883:(born 1943), American geochemist
871:(1879–1960), Canadian biochemist
815:(born 1941), American biochemist
755:(1892–1984), American biochemist
689:, Irish/American organic chemist
605:(born 1966), American biochemist
593:, American computational chemist
92:
83:
72:
63:
52:
43:
32:
23:
2015:
1992:
1968:
1943:
1919:
1895:
1871:
1847:
1822:
1798:
1774:
1750:
1726:
1702:
1678:
1654:
1302:, atmospheric chemist studying
1112:
560:
490:(1880–1932), British biochemist
391:
2239:Medieval Islamic World alchemy
1605:
1582:
1509:
1484:
1459:
1435:
1411:
1382:Los Alamos National Laboratory
955:(1874–1941), Nutrition chemist
1:
1833:. American Chemical Society.
1404:
1205:Körber European Science Prize
713:(1923–2021), American chemist
659:(born 1983), American chemist
629:(1913–2009), American chemist
599:(1892–1916), American chemist
587:(born 1939), American chemist
542:Fanny Rysan Mulford Hitchcock
502:(1872–1952), American chemist
1264:. Chair of the board of the
1090:(1902–1960), Spanish chemist
1024:(1921–2002), Polymer chemist
1018:(1952-2017), Israeli chemist
982:(1922–1998), organic chemist
887:Dorothy Virginia Nightingale
623:(1875–1968), Swedish chemist
538:(died 1914), Russian chemist
532:(1800–1876), Russian chemist
514:(1785–1871), Swedish chemist
7:
1419:"Nobel Prize Awarded Women"
1387:
1164:, to model the behavior of
1072:, English inorganic chemist
773:(1870–1915), German chemist
508:(1862–1935), German chemist
375:(element 109), named after
10:
2462:
1590:"Sherry R. Chemler, Ph.D."
1334:, American organic chemist
1326:Royal Society of Chemistry
1088:Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza
919:(1914–2005), Irish chemist
901:, American organic chemist
832:, American organic chemist
785:, American organic chemist
767:, American organic chemist
665:, American organic chemist
168:
2436:Lists of women scientists
2400:
2384:
2358:
2307:
2287:
2266:
2252:
2226:
2191:
2160:
2140:
2093:
2086:
2023:"K.U. (Katja) Loos, Prof"
1782:"Management Team DeuteRx"
1593:arts-sciences.buffalo.edu
1191:Rutgers University–Newark
482:American Chemical Society
259:Eight women have won the
2000:"Rachel Haurwitz, Ph.D."
759:Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
301:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
261:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
240:artificial radioactivity
226:Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
2441:Chemistry-related lists
2308:On specific discoveries
2027:University of Groningen
1810:Boston Business Journal
1630:10.1021/acs.joc.7b02072
1270:University of Groningen
1181:Combinatorial Chemistry
893:Yolanda Ortiz (chemist)
446:(1879–1968), Norwegian
321:Wolf Prize in Chemistry
289:protein crystallography
230:protein crystallography
182:Bioorthogonal chemistry
851:Yvonne Connolly Martin
807:Joyce Jacobson Kaufman
777:Allene Rosalind Jeanes
639:Maria Skłodowska-Curie
524:Ellen Swallow Richards
488:Muriel Wheldale Onslow
383:List of women chemists
246:Marie Sklodowska-Curie
188:Emmanuelle Charpentier
144:list of women chemists
123:Emmanuelle Charpentier
1541:Creese, Mary (1998).
1254:(EC) materials design
1162:Bayesian optimization
1082:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
911:Mary Engle Pennington
500:Mary Engle Pennington
484:, studied sugar beets
2094:Physical chemistry (
2075:History of chemistry
1276:Rachel Mamlok-Naaman
1131:for applications to
992:Dorothy Martin Simon
863:Cynthia A. Maryanoff
824:Acta Chromatographia
795:Madeleine M. Joullié
402:University of Oxford
2359:Scientific disputes
2141:Organic chemistry (
1624:(21): 11311–11325.
1517:"Bonnie L. Bassler"
1378:Jaqueline Kiplinger
1294:Catherine J. Murphy
1268:. Professor at the
1040:Martha J. B. Thomas
929:Darshan Ranganathan
881:Alexandra Navrotsky
875:Helen Vaughn Michel
857:Marie Marynard Daly
747:Darleane C. Hoffman
657:Jillian Lee Dempsey
340:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
196:CRISPR gene editing
178:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
2392:Women in chemistry
1734:"Start-Up Hurdles"
1447:AIP Publishing LLC
1423:www.nobelprize.org
1356:Marcey Lynn Waters
1338:Magdalena Titirici
1300:Nga Lee (Sally) Ng
1296:, American chemist
1149:University of Bern
1070:Charlotte Williams
1064:M. Christina White
980:Odette L. Shotwell
967:, American Chemist
789:Irène Joliot-Curie
783:Malika Jeffries-EL
693:Mary Peters Fieser
581:, American chemist
454:Louise Hammarström
416:Vera Bogdanovskaia
281:Irene Joliot-Curie
236:Irène Joliot-Curie
206:directed evolution
111:Irène Joliot-Curie
2446:Lists of chemists
2418:
2417:
2376:Transfermium Wars
2319:Carbon nanotubes
2303:
2302:
2244:Indian metallurgy
2222:
2221:
2192:Applied chemistry
2161:Nuclear chemistry
2003:Biocom California
1288:Corine Mathonière
1028:Margaret Thatcher
1010:Ida Noddack Tacke
941:Sibyl Martha Rock
923:Iphigenia Photaki
845:Kathleen Lonsdale
711:Helen Murray Free
705:Rosalind Franklin
681:Gertrude B. Elion
432:Margot Dorenfeldt
357:chemical elements
355:of elements, two
347:Chemical elements
336:Bonnie L. Bassler
2453:
2408:
2407:
2264:
2263:
2204:Material science
2115:Electrochemistry
2110:Molecular theory
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2090:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2044:
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2019:
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1966:
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1962:
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1913:
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1859:www.ch.cam.ac.uk
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1415:
1316:Kimberly Prather
1282:Lisa Marcaurelle
1211:Paula T. Hammond
1119:Heather C. Allen
1076:Angela K. Wilson
1052:Karen Wetterhahn
965:Maxine L. Savitz
953:Mary Swartz Rose
935:Mildred Rebstock
836:Stephanie Kwolek
830:Marisa Kozlowski
735:Anna J. Harrison
729:Paula T. Hammond
675:Odile Eisenstein
615:Asima Chatterjee
603:Carolyn Bertozzi
591:Kim K. Baldridge
573:Nancy Allbritton
466:Julia Lermontova
305:Thomas A. Steitz
166:
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135:Carolyn Bertozzi
96:
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2371:Joule–von Mayer
2354:
2330:Electrophoresis
2299:
2283:
2248:
2234:Chinese alchemy
2227:Ancient history
2218:
2187:
2156:
2136:
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2072:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1980:bizjournals.com
1974:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1957:(Press release)
1949:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1883:Körber-Stiftung
1877:
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1872:
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1848:
1841:
1827:
1823:
1814:
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1788:
1786:www.deuterx.com
1780:
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1655:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1521:Wolf Foundation
1515:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1496:Wolf Foundation
1490:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1390:
1332:Sarah E Reisman
1238:Rachel Haurwitz
1187:Elena Galoppini
1177:Deuterated drug
1158:Paulette Clancy
1145:Natalie Banerji
1115:
1022:Giuliana Tesoro
986:Jean'ne Shreeve
959:Melanie Sanford
819:Teresa Kowalska
771:Clara Immerwahr
723:Ellen Gleditsch
609:Cynthia Burrows
563:
518:Clara Immerwahr
444:Ellen Gleditsch
407:Margaret Seward
394:
385:
349:
317:
285:Dorothy Hodgkin
277:Henri Becquerel
248:– discovery of
192:Jennifer Doudna
173:
167:
163:
159:
157:
156:
154:Nobel Laureates
140:
139:
138:
137:
129:
127:Jennifer Doudna
121:
115:Dorothy Hodgkin
113:
105:
103:Nobel Laureates
99:
98:
97:
89:
88:
79:
78:
77:
69:
68:
59:
58:
57:
49:
48:
39:
38:
37:
29:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2459:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2431:Women chemists
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Element naming
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2261:
2254:Periodic table
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:Nanotechnology
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2125:Thermodynamics
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2014:
1991:
1967:
1955:prnewswire.com
1942:
1918:
1894:
1870:
1846:
1840:978-0841234857
1839:
1821:
1797:
1773:
1749:
1725:
1701:
1677:
1653:
1604:
1581:
1558:
1551:
1533:
1508:
1483:
1458:
1434:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1319:
1313:
1310:Sarah O'Connor
1307:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1262:macromolecules
1255:
1252:electrochromic
1245:
1235:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1194:
1184:
1169:
1155:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1133:drug discovery
1122:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1058:Ruth R. Wexler
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
968:
962:
956:
950:
947:Elizabeth Rona
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
899:Kathlyn Parker
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
833:
827:
816:
813:Judith Klinman
810:
804:
801:Isabella Karle
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
765:Donna M. Huryn
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
717:Gunda I. Georg
714:
708:
702:
699:Marye Anne Fox
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
585:Barbara Askins
582:
576:
570:
567:Elly Agallidis
562:
559:
558:
557:
539:
533:
527:
521:
515:
512:Anna Sundström
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
475:
469:
463:
460:Edith Humphrey
457:
451:
441:
435:
429:
419:
413:
404:
393:
390:
384:
381:
380:
379:
370:
353:periodic table
348:
345:
344:
343:
332:
316:
315:Wolf Laureates
313:
257:
256:
242:
232:
222:
212:
202:Frances Arnold
198:
184:
155:
152:
131:Frances Arnold
101:
100:
91:
90:
82:
81:
80:
71:
70:
62:
61:
60:
51:
50:
42:
41:
40:
31:
30:
22:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2458:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2350:Haber process
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Atomic theory
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1932:
1931:www.umass.edu
1928:
1922:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1344:Claudia Turro
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:Kim Eunkyoung
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:semiconductor
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:Emily Balskus
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:Tsippy Tamiri
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:JoAnne Stubbe
1002:
999:
998:Susan Solomon
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
976:
972:
971:Patsy Sherman
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
841:
837:
834:
831:
828:
826:
825:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:Remziye Hisar
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:Margaret Faul
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:Abigail Doyle
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:, pioneer in
648:
644:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
579:Valerie Ashby
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
506:Agnes Pockels
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:Marie Pasteur
492:
489:
486:
483:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
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461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
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430:
427:
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403:
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389:
378:
374:
371:
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365:
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361:
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358:
354:
341:
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333:
330:
326:
325:
324:
322:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
255:
251:
247:
243:
241:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
221:
217:
216:Ada E. Yonath
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
174:
172:
162:
151:
149:
145:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
95:
86:
75:
66:
55:
46:
35:
26:
2391:
2335:Gaseous fuel
2152:Biochemistry
2120:Spectroscopy
2031:. Retrieved
2029:. 2022-06-25
2026:
2017:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:
1994:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:
1970:
1959:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:
1897:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:
1873:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:
1849:
1830:
1824:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1762:businesswire
1761:
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1737:
1728:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:
1704:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1542:
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1523:. 2022-02-08
1520:
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1498:. 2018-12-11
1495:
1492:"Ada Yonath"
1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1473:. 2020-10-07
1470:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1362:Jenny Y Yang
1322:Gillian Reid
1304:particulates
1217:Jeanne Hardy
1125:Rommie Amaro
1113:21st century
1106:Glaci Zancan
1046:Ann E. Weber
822:
753:Icie Hoobler
633:Janine Cossy
627:Mildred Cohn
621:Astrid Cleve
561:20th century
552:, and plant
530:Anna Volkova
478:Rachel Lloyd
472:Laura Linton
448:radiochemist
392:19th century
386:
377:Lise Meitner
368:Pierre Curie
350:
323:, they are:
318:
273:Pierre Curie
258:
208:to engineer
143:
141:
102:
2267:By elements
1368:Wendy Young
1350:Seble Wagaw
1232:Firsocostat
1094:Jean Youatt
1034:Jean Thomas
917:Eva Philbin
905:Emma Parmee
869:Maud Menten
426:Nobel Prize
398:Mary Watson
297:vitamin B12
269:Marie Curie
107:Marie Curie
2425:Categories
2033:2024-02-27
2008:2024-02-27
1985:2024-03-02
1961:2024-03-02
1936:2024-02-27
1912:2024-02-27
1907:ki.mit.edu
1888:2024-02-27
1864:2024-02-27
1815:2024-03-02
1791:2024-03-02
1767:2024-03-02
1743:2024-03-02
1719:2024-03-02
1695:2024-03-02
1671:2024-03-02
1598:2024-03-02
1575:2021-01-06
1552:0810832879
1527:2023-10-10
1502:2023-10-10
1477:2021-07-01
1452:2021-07-01
1428:2016-04-18
1405:References
1258:Katja Loos
1221:allosteric
1197:Clare Grey
1168:materials.
1129:biophysics
1100:Ada Yonath
975:Scotchgard
663:Vy M. Dong
597:Alice Ball
546:entomology
438:Ida Freund
428:in science
422:Gerty Cori
373:Meitnerium
329:Ada Yonath
293:penicillin
169:See also:
142:This is a
119:Ada Yonath
2345:Gunpowder
2295:Nonmetals
2199:Cosmetics
2087:By branch
1225:proteases
651:radiology
554:pathology
550:osteology
148:chemistry
2410:Category
2340:Graphene
2323:timeline
2288:By class
2258:timeline
2214:Pharmacy
2143:timeline
2130:timeline
2096:timeline
2079:timeline
1648:28910106
1471:BBC News
1388:See also
643:polonium
309:ribosome
254:polonium
220:ribosome
2315:Battery
2183:Weapons
2168:Fission
1666:acs.org
1639:5782808
548:, fish
351:In the
334:2022 –
327:2006 –
244:1911 –
234:1935 –
224:1964 –
214:2009 –
210:enzymes
200:2018 –
186:2020 –
176:2022 -
2173:Fusion
1837:
1646:
1636:
1549:
1242:CRISPR
1173:PXL065
840:Kevlar
647:radium
364:Curium
252:&
250:radium
194:– for
180:- for
158:": -->
2385:Other
2178:Power
1835:ISBN
1644:PMID
1547:ISBN
645:and
338:and
303:and
295:and
275:and
190:and
160:edit
1634:PMC
1626:doi
1372:ACS
2427::
2279:Al
2025:.
1978:.
1953:.
1929:.
1905:.
1881:.
1857:.
1808:.
1784:.
1760:.
1736:.
1712:.
1688:.
1664:.
1642:.
1632:.
1622:82
1620:.
1616:.
1561:^
1519:.
1494:.
1469:.
1445:.
1421:.
1175:a
267:.
238:–
228:–
204:–
125:–
109:–
2274:F
2260:)
2256:(
2145:)
2098:)
2081:)
2077:(
2067:e
2060:t
2053:v
2036:.
2011:.
1988:.
1964:.
1939:.
1915:.
1891:.
1867:.
1843:.
1818:.
1794:.
1770:.
1746:.
1722:.
1698:.
1674:.
1650:.
1628::
1601:.
1578:.
1555:.
1530:.
1505:.
1480:.
1455:.
1431:.
1272:.
1183:.
1135:.
556:.
164:]
133:–
117:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
