641:'s purpose is to " promote a safe environment for our employees and the visiting public, and to work with our employees to maintain a work environment that is free from violence, harassment, intimidation, and other disruptive behavior". Hemati-Esmaeili (2018) supports," As worksites for healthcare providers and related occupations vary in purpose, size, and complexity, WVPP should be designed to specifically target the unique nature and varied needs of each organization” (par. 5) Therefore, the DOL has provided information in order to work towards their purpose of keeping the workplace safe for individuals. The information is provided in order to help the people of the workplace to be able to identify potentially harmful behaviors as well as recognize their responsibilities to prevent violent behavior. The DOL administered the Workplace violence program in order to help employees respond to and prevent workplace violence through better understanding. They have also identified seven key factors to help prevent workplace violence:
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violence only includes physical conduct. In 16 countries the terms used are very vague and do not clarify if is referring to physical or psychological conduct. Due to different countries having different views, there is not a universal definition for workplace violence. The Lloyd’s
Register foundation conducted a survey in 2021 to depict a global view of workplace violence. This survey was based on 125,000 interviews that was conducted in 121 countries. According to this survey, 22.8 percent of the world has experienced violence and harassment at work. The survey divided workplace violence and harassment into 3 categories: physical, psychological, and sexual. The Americas had a prevalence rate of 34.3 percent. The next highest was Africa with 25.7 percent. Third was Europe and Central Asia with 25.5 percent. In America women were more likely to face violence at work by 8.2 percent. In Europe and Central Asia women were 8 percent more likely. In Africa, men were more likely to experience workplace violence by 2.2 percent.
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The supervisor may want to meet with the potential perpetrator to discuss his/her behaviors. Level two includes the potentially violent subject stating that he feels victimized and verbalizing threats, verbalizing wanting to hurt others, frequently arguing with others, seeking revenge, and refusing to follow workplace policies. In response to this behavior one should document observed behaviors, directly contact a supervisor, ensure that one's own safety is put first, and, if needed, contact first responders. The third level of workplace violence are currently violent situations such as threatening to harm one's self or others by either physical means or using weapons, demonstration of extreme anger, or destruction of property. In case of level three violence, one should ensure the safety of themselves followed by the safety of others, stay calm, cooperate with law enforcement, and leave the situation if possible.
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times, frequent interruptions, uncertainty regarding the patients' treatment, and heavy workloads. Organizational factors may include inefficient teamwork, organizational injustice, lack of aggression management programs, and distrust between colleagues. This may also include inadequate security procedures. Individual psychosocial factors may include nurses being young and inexperienced, previous experiences with violence, and a lack of communication skills and/or awareness of how to interpret aggressive situations. Misunderstandings may also occur due to the communication barrier between nurses and patients. A few examples of this are a lack of privacy for the patient, background noise, and the patient's condition being affected by medication, pain, and/or anxiety.
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example of this is when one worker has some sort of authority over another, such as a supervisor position over a supervisee. Personal relationship violence at the workplace occurs when an employee's personal relationship is brought into the workplace and causes disruption for the employee, his/her co-workers, and possibly the customers of that business. Victims of personal relationship violence are typically women. Customer/client violence occurs when there is violence between a customer or client of a workplace and an employee. The violence could be performed by the customer onto the employee or vice versa. Finally, criminal intent violence in the workplace occurs when there is no relationship between the person committing the violent act and the workplace or its employees.
163:, in 2011 violence and other injuries caused by persons or animals contributed to 17% of all US occupational fatalities, with homicides contributing to 10% of the total. From 1992 to 2010, there were 13,827 reported workplace homicide victims, averaging over 700 victims per year, in the United States. Examination of the 2011 data shows that while a majority of workplace fatalities occurred to males, workplace violence disproportionately affects females. Homicides contributed to 21% of all occupational fatalities for women, compared to 9% for men. Of these homicides, relatives or domestic partners contributed to 39% of female homicide cases; male homicide cases were most likely to be perpetrated by robbers, contributing to 36% of male homicide cases.
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types of workplace violence: 1) Object-focused workplace violence is violence that occurs to obtain some object, such as money, drugs, jewelry, etc., and 2) non-object-focused violence, which is emotionally based, and mostly associated with anger. Anger generally requires frustration and perceived injustice. Mitigating anger or perceived injustice will mitigate or prevent a violent episode, and people can be angry without perpetrating violence. Whether or not anger results in violence depends, in part, on the potential perpetrator's focus, and associated risk factors (see below). Eight different types of focus that can result in workplace violence have been identified. (Table 1)
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794:. At the time, 24-year-old WDBJ reporter Alison Parker was conducting an interview of local chamber of commerce executive Vicki Gardener as 27-year-old videographer Adam Ward filmed the interview on a live feed. Flanagan, who had been previously terminated from his position at WDBJ, captured the three via a body cam and appeared to wait until the piece was airing before he began shooting and emptied his Glock handgun of all bullets. Gardener who was also shot survived the attack. After the shootings, Flanagan fled the scene and later boasted about the attack on social media before committing suicide.
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the workplace. The
Americas had the highest prevalence of sexual harassment at 11.8 percent. This is compared to a little more than 5 percent on average for all the other regions. In America nearly 2 in 10 women reported experiencing sexual harassment in contrast with one in ten men experiencing it. In Europe and Central Asia women were just under 7 percent more likely to experience sexual harassment. The International Labor Organization (ILO) has initiated multiple programs and regulations to help decrease the effect of workplace violence worldwide.
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violence that occurs in the workplace are similarly motivated. Consequently, understanding the factors driving one type of non-object-focused violence should help us to develop strategies for mitigating the other types of non-object-focused violence. Thus, we can see that these crimes can be mitigated by reducing the frustration level of the potential perpetrator, reducing the level of the potential perpetrator's perceived injustice, or changing the focus the potential perpetrator to a more healthy focus.
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psychological violence at 29.3 percent. Africa had a prevalence percentage of 20.2 percent. The lowest was the Arab states which had 11.4 percent. In Europe and
Central Asia psychological violence was reported 5 percent more in woman than in men. In Arab States women were 4.3 percent more likely. On the other hand, in Africa Men reported higher rates of psychological violence by 2.3 percent.
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170:("OSHA") a department of the United States Department of Labor defines workplace violence as "any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide."
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The second category of work place violence was psychological. Psychological violence would include, but not limited to, threats, intimidation, and insults. Globally 17.9 percent of people have experienced psychological violence in the workplace. The
Americas had the highest prevalence when it came to
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The first category of workplace violence that the survey covered was physical. Physical violence includes, but not limited to, hitting, pushing, and spitting. Worldwide 8.5 percent of people have experienced physical violence in the workplace. Africa registered the highest prevalence to this at
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The four categories listed above are further classified into three levels, depending on the situation. Level one includes signs such as the person bullying others, being rude or abusive, and uncooperative. At this level, one should carefully take note of the behaviors and report them to a supervisor.
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On March 20, 2016, a 54-year-old retired state trooper with the
Pennsylvania Turnpike system named Clarence Briggs of Newville, Pennsylvania returned to the roads he used to patrol prior to his retirement and attempted an armed robbery at a toll booth. Briggs shot and killed toll booth worker Danny
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The third and final category that the survey covered was sexual harassment. Sexual harassment would include, but not limited to, inappropriate touching, inappropriate sexual gestures, and sharing sexually inappropriate images or videos. Globally 6.2 percent of people experienced sexual harassment in
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Following a June 2017 shooting spree when a former employee returned to his
Orlando, Florida workplace to murder five co-workers before committing suicide Kathleen M. Bonczyk, Esq. stated "You hear it again and again. People always say 'We didn't think it (workplace violence) would happen here,' but
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described the attack as "the alleged criminal act of a single individual" rather than terrorism. In
February 2015, the Army "determined that there was sufficient evidence to conclude Hasan "was in communication with foreign terrorist organization before the attack," and that his radicalization and
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Workplace violence does not currently have a universal definition. The
International Labor Organization (ILO) conducted a study of 80 different countries. In 40 of those countries the words used for work related violence, include both physical and psychological. In 4 of those countries work related
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The anger-focus model: 1) characterizes workplace violence according to the focus of the perpetrator; 2) allows for the gathering of separate statistics for object-focused crime and non-object-focused crime; and 3) shows that domestic violence, school shootings, terrorist activities, and non-object
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There are four categories used to classify workplace violence: worker on worker, personal relationship, customer/client, and criminal intent. Worker on worker violence occurs when two people of the same occupation are violent towards one another, either physically, verbally or emotionally. A common
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On May 4, 2016, a man who had been involuntarily terminated two weeks earlier from his position at Knight
Transportation in Katy, Texas approximately 20 miles west of Houston returned to his former workplace armed with a shotgun and a pistol. Marion Guy Williams was reported to have said words to
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Health care workers are at high risk for experiencing violence in the workplace. Examples of violence include threats, physical assaults, and muggings. According to estimates of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS), the rate of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from
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On February 26, 2016, 38-year old Cedric Ford who was employed as a painter at Excel Industries in Hesston, Kansas shot and killed three people and injured 14 other people. A co-worker reported that approximately two hours after the two men had clocked in for their shift at work that day, he saw
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in the situation of workplace violence, while staying calm, one should run, hide, or fight. It is suggested to only fight if there are no other safe options. In the event of having to handle a violent or potentially violent person, there are five steps to follow. First demonstrate concern for the
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In the case of personal relationship violence, it is often hard to recognize levels one and two of violence because they typically occur outside of the workplace. Most personal relationship violence situations occur at level three, in which case the level three approach for handling the situation
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defines worker on worker, personal relationship, customer/client, and criminal intent all as categories of violence in the workplace. These four categories are further broken down into three levels: Level one displays early warning signs of violence, Level two is slightly more violent, and level
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There are many contributing factors that can lead to health-care workers, specifically nurses, experiencing workplace violence. These factors can be divided into environmental, organizational, and individual psychosocial. A few environmental factors may include the specific setting, long waiting
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On April 8, 2016, workplace violence erupted at Lackland Airforce Base in San Antonio, Texas. At that time, the squadron's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel William Schroeder, was shot and killed by airman Steven Bellino who then killed himself. Thereafter, the facility went into lockdown
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A very large percentage of non-object-focused perpetrators are either arrested, killed by police, or killed themselves after committing their violent act. If we consider suicide-by-cop, it has been suggested that somewhere between 25-50 percent of non-object-focused workplace homicides result in
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Perline and Goldschmidt contend that the present definitions of workplace violence are simply descriptive and not based on motivation of the perpetrator. Understanding the motivation underlying these crimes is important in developing preventative strategies. Perline & Goldschmidt define two
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On December 2, 2015, county health inspector Syed Farook and his wife, Tashfeen Malik, burst into a banquet room in San Bernardino, California where approximately 80 of Farook's co-workers were gathered to attend a holiday party as well as a company training session. Farook and Malik, who were
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In the United Kingdom there is a legal obligation to complete risk assessments for both physical and psychosocial workplace hazards. Other countries have similar occupational health and safety legislation in place relating to identifying and either eliminating or controlling for hazards in the
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of employee performance, reengineering, and budget cuts were all significantly linked to increased workplace aggression. The study also showed a substantial amount of evidence linking unpleasant physical conditions (high temperature, poor lighting) and high negative affect, which facilitates
779:, killing all 43 people on board, including Burke and Thompson. At the crash site, an airsickness bag was found containing a message which Burke had written for his former supervisor. It read: "I asked for some leniency for my family, remember. Well, I got none. And you'll get none."
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Workplace violence is at epidemic proportions. "There used to be a time when an employee shooting someone in the workplace would be a shock. Now it's becoming common," states Kathleen M. Bonczyk, Esq. a researcher and expert on workplace violence prevention.
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three is significantly violent. Many workplaces have initiated programs and protocols to protect their workers as the Occupational Health Act of 1970 states that employers must provide an environment in which employees are free of harm or harmful conditions.
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12.5 percent. Americas was number 2 at 9 percent. Asia and the Pacific had 7.9 percent. In Asia, Africa, Europe, and central Asia men were more at risk compared to women. However, in Arab states and the Americas, women were more at risk then men.
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Most cases of workplace violence are non-fatal. From 1993 to 1999, an average of about 1.7 million people reported occupational violence. About 75% of these cases are considered simple assault, while 19% of cases are considered aggravated assault.
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711:, was reprimanded after a heated argument with two supervisors on August 19, 1986. At approximately 7:00 the following morning, Sherrill showed up at the post office in his uniform. Over the course of the next 15 minutes, Sherrill went on
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It is also recommended that employers treat terminated employees with respect in order to avoid the feeling that they are being victimized. Additional precautions may be alerting security that there will be job termination that day.
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produced more casualties than any other on an American military base. The United States Department of Defense and federal law enforcement agencies have classified the shootings as an act of workplace violence. In 2013, Lt. Gen.
715:, gunning down any employee who crossed his path. After sealing off the exits, Sherrill ended up murdering fourteen coworkers and wounding six others. When police arrived at the post office, Sherrill turned the gun on himself.
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There is little information on what certainly causes workplace violence, however it is agreed that a combination of personal factors, workplace factors, and individual interactions contribute to violence in the workplace. The
648:- As the work environment directly and heavily influences the employees and clients, it is crucial that the environment remains positive and open. This encourages better communication and positive attitudes in the workplace.
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mode. Soon after the shootings, it was reported that the incident was not a case involving terrorism but was workplace violence. Bellino was being escorted to a disciplinary hearing when he committed the murder-suicide.
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suicide. Suicide is virtually unheard of following an object-focused crime, it just doesn't make sense. Non-object-focused workplace violence is purposeful, occurs in stages, and is seldom if ever a spontaneous event.
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Security- Additional safety measures such as security may help deter possible violent events from occurring. This could include security guards, cameras, or other technological machines such as metal detectors.
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dressed in military-style attire and armed with rifles, killed 14 people and injured 22 others. The couple also attempted to bomb the facility. Later, they were killed in a shoot-out with police.
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In a study performed by Baron and Neuman, researchers found pay cuts and pay freezes, use of part-time employees, change in management, increased diversity, computer
688:. Fourth is to engage in conversation with them, let them express what will help them. Finally, work with them to create a solution that will not put anyone at risk.
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work was 15.1 per 10,000 full-time workers in 2012. This rate is much higher than the rate for total private industries, which is 4.0 per 10,000 full-time workers.
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603:, or change in job performance that is unexplained. Paying attention to these warning signs and reporting them may help prevent events of workplace violence.
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Physical-passive-direct (reducing target's ability to contribute, e.g. scheduling them to present at the end of the day where fewer people will be attending)
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Deborah R. Collins, a survivor of workplace violence in the 1988 shooting at Electromagnetic System Labs, discusses the consequences of workplace violence.
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Thirty risk factors have been identified. Fourteen of these risk factors are social & situational; twelve are psychological, and four are behavioral.
1121:"HRC - DOL Workplace Violence Program - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management (OASAM) - United States Department of Labor"
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the effect of "You all ruined my life." Williams then shot and killed supervisor Michael Dawid, injured two other employees and then killed himself.
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The risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct of him or his undertaking".
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picked up the sound of gunshots. Then came the sound of David Burke's voice. The pilots were shot and the aircraft crashed into a hillside in
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as a ticket agent until his supervisor, Raymond Thompson, fired him for theft. After Thompson refused to reinstate him, Burke showed up at
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Baron, RA; Neuman, HA (1996). "Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence on their relative frequency and potential causes".
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Bureau of Labor Statistics. Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Requiring Days Away from Work, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
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workplace aggression. Individuals who resort to mass shootings at work often threaten to kill before any actual violence takes place.
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Performance / conduct indicators- ways to be aware of changes in employee behavior, such as absenteeism or change in performance.
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it can happen anywhere and anytime. It shouldn't be a question of if; employers should operate under the question of when."
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Education- educating employees on current policies and procures as well as on possible warning signs of workplace violence.
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subsequent acts could reasonably be considered to have been "inspired or motivated by the foreign terrorist organization."
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employee and show that you care. Second, do not judge the person, but observe their behaviors. Third is to demonstrate
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Hemati-Esmaeili, Maliheh; Heshmati-Nabavi, Fatemeh; Pouresmail, Zohre; Mazlom, SeyedReza; Reihani, Hamidreza (2018).
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1806:"The Growing Epidemic of Deadly Workplace Violence and Three Ways to Prevent It -- Occupational Health & Safety"
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Physical-active-indirect (theft, destruction of property, unnecessary consumption of resources needed by the target)
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Verbal-passive-indirect (failure to deny false rumors about target, failure to provide information needed by target)
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The risks to the health and safety of his (or her) employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and
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1575:"Educational and managerial policy making to reduce workplace violence against nurses: An action research study"
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workplace. Workplace violence is considered to be a significant hazard in its own right. Regulation 3 of the
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558:(FBI) recognizes the following behaviors as warning signs for potential perpetrators of workplace violence:
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1987:"Texas man killed by former coworker once caught a home run alongside his wife at St. Louis Cardinals game"
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Workplace Violence and Workplace Aggression: Evidence and Their Relative Frequency and Potential Causes.
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Zhang, Liuyi; Wang, Anni; Xie, Xia; Zhou, Yanhong; Li, Jing; Yang, Lijun; Zhang, Jingping (July 2017).
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White, Tyler; Express-News, mySA com / San Antonio; Parker, Kolten; Christenson, Sig (April 8, 2016).
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The psychology and law of workplace violence: A handbook for mental health professionals and employers
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At 6:45 a.m. on August 26, 2015, 41-year-old Vester Lee Flanagan, a disgruntled ex-reporter for
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1208:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Crouse, 55, and Ron Heist, 71, a security guard before he was shot and killed by the authorities.
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1935:"Air Force tech sergeant kills commander before disciplinary hearing at Lackland Air Force Base"
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Nurses describe their experience as victims of, or as witnesses of, violence in the workplace
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Physical-active-direct (physical attack, nonverbal, vulgar gestures directed at the target)
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Fessenden, F. (April 9, 2000). "They threaten, seeth and unhinge, then kill in quantity".
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1244:"At work and in grave danger: We must combat the national scourge of on-the-job violence"
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The National Safety Council also recognizes excessive use of drugs or alcohol as well as
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1999 states that, "every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of:
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Violence: toward self, toward others, toward self & others, and toward environment
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Ford strapped up with his weapon and shooting at people in the factory's parking lot.
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Caring for Your Employees: Experts answer questions on preventing workplace violence
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Flynn, Gillian (July 2000). "Employers can't look away from workplace violence".
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1270:"Orlando shooting is latest in growing trend of workplace violence, expert says"
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Employee support services- services available for employees to express concerns
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The five stages of non-object-focused violence that have been identified are:
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Pre-violence: fantasy, rehearsal, preparation, victim denigration and threat
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Sheely, Gary (May 2018). "Know When to Act to Prevent Workplace Violence".
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1484:"Ending violence and harassment against women and men in the world of work"
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Physical-passive-indirect (causing others to create a delay for the target)
727:
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2182:"Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital"
1884:"In wake of Lackland shooting, Air Force aims to remove dropouts quicker"
827:, of the University of Texas at Austin (1961), identified eight types of
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600:
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1532:"Experiences of violence and harassment at work: A global first survey"
1206:"CDC - Occupational Violence - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic"
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1680:"Terror act or workplace violence? Hasan trial raises sensitive issue"
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10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1996)22:3<161::AID-AB1>3.0.CO;2-Q
1855:"Retired state trooper kills two in Pennsylvania toll plaza shooting"
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Half of Large Employers Had Workplace Violence Incident in Last Year
1428:"The Prediction, Experience, and Consequences of Workplace Violence"
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Table 1. Anger-Focus Model of Non-Object-Focused Workplace Violence
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Alkorashy, Hanan A. Ezzat; Al Moalad, Fawziah Bakheet (June 2016).
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Early intervention- not letting symptoms go unnoticed or unresolved
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1960:"Fired employee kills co-worker and himself at Katy area business"
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Verbal-active-direct (insulting, acting condescendingly, yelling)
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1908:"Two airmen shot dead in 'workplace violence' at Texas air base"
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Violence on the job: Identifying risks and developing solutions
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842:", failure to return communication, i.e. phone calls, e-mails)
790:, shot and killed two former colleagues live on television in
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1501:"Introducing The Lloyd's Register Foundation World Risk Poll"
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Employment and Social Development Canada (12 December 2018).
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2135:"Workplace violence against nurses: A cross-sectional study"
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Almasy, Steve; Lah, Kyung; Moya, Alberto (2 December 2015).
730:, fatally shot 13 people and injured more than 30 others at
1734:"Army Approves Awards for Victims of 2009 Fort Hood Attack"
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Allen G. Breed and Ramit Plushnick-Masti (11 August 2013).
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Workplace Violence Against Government Employees, 1994-2011
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onto the aircraft. Shortly after takeoff, the aircraft's
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Take appropriate actions- notify authorities when needed
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2,000,000 US workers per year report workplace violence
2081:"Mass Homicides by Employees in the American Workplace"
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decreased productivity or inconsistent work performance
1400:. American Psychological Association. pp. 87–99.
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Assault, abuse or threat that occurs in the workplace
1831:"14 killed in San Bernardino shooting; suspect ID'd"
1181:. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
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2012:
967:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
1781:"Three keys to reducing workplace violence risks"
1707:"At Fort Hood, Wrestling With Label of Terrorism"
1705:Fernandez, Manny; Blinder, Alan (April 8, 2014).
1579:Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research
437:Attachment; Stalking; Following; Random violence;
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1800:
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1554:Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth
1080:. California Department of Food and Agriculture.
759:on December 7, 1987, and purchased a ticket for
1505:The Lloyd's Register Foundation World Risk Poll
1268:Brinkmann, Christal Hayes, Paul (5 June 2017).
698:List of workplace killings by number of victims
586:interest in recently publicized violent events
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1200:
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1176:"Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2011"
969:lists the following higher risk occupations.
894:The examples and perspective in this article
168:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
43:The examples and perspective in this article
1293:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1231:https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/workplaceviolence/
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543:Post-violence: resolution, and consequences.
491:Carelessness; Uninformed; Neuropsych. status
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2249:Safety and Health Topics from www.osha.gov
2228:Before the Storm: Workplace Safety Webinar
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932:Learn how and when to remove this message
589:unwanted romantic interest in a co-worker
565:damage or destruction of company property
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
2139:International Journal of Nursing Studies
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1550:"ILO: International Labour Organization"
1547:
1371:Perline, I. H.; Goldschmidt, J. (2004).
138:, that creates a risk to the health and
106:
92:
2223:Workplace Violence News & Resources
1984:
1425:
1084:
1070:
1064:"Violence prevention in the work place"
245:Conference; Legal redress; Work harder;
14:
2916:
2079:Lee, Seungmug; McCrie, Robert (2012).
1631:
1437:from the original on December 20, 2020
1309:"NIOSH-WPVHC-Workplace Violence Types"
1225:
1223:
1066:. Government of Canada. 943-1-IPG-081.
761:Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771
703:Patrick Henry Sherrill, a 44-year-old
2298:
2254:Violence on the Job, video from NIOSH
2128:
2126:
2124:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1454:
1452:
1395:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1241:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1146:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
2010:
1659:Lamar Jr, Jacob V. (June 24, 2001).
1142:
1140:
880:
304:Workplace convenient; Opportunistic;
29:
2269:Work and Family Researchers Network
1220:
876:
765:San Francisco International Airport
24:
2264:Workplace Violence Q&A - CCOHS
2121:
1872:
1517:
1449:
1349:
1163:
1106:
961:Occupational groups at higher risk
845:Verbal-active-indirect (spreading
691:
574:obsessive involvement with the job
25:
2955:
2939:Workplace harassment and bullying
2234:"Federal Bureau of Investigation"
2216:
1137:
1078:"Violence in the Workplace (VIW)"
757:Los Angeles International Airport
639:United States Department of Labor
577:repeated direct or veiled threats
2872:
2871:
1548:Sundholm, Mattias (2013-08-27).
885:
595:overreaction to company policies
346:Signif. damage; Unknown victims;
34:
2173:
2112:
2090:
2072:
2050:
2023:
2004:
1978:
1952:
1926:
1900:
1847:
1822:
1751:
1726:
1698:
1671:
1652:
1625:
1566:
1541:
1493:
1476:
1419:
1404:
1389:
1325:
1301:
1261:
681:Department of Homeland Security
556:Federal Bureau of Investigation
154:
2944:Occupational health psychology
2151:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.002
1760:"David Burke's Deadly Revenge"
1758:Magnuson, Ed (June 24, 2001).
1235:
1028:Occupational safety and health
1023:Occupational health psychology
308:Injury &/or Signif. damage
159:According to data from the US
13:
1:
2274:Workplace Violence, 1993-2009
1882:Losey, Stephen (2016-09-20).
1242:Louis, Errol (27 June 2017).
1048:
818:
632:
583:paranoid, aggressive behavior
2285:Bureau of Justice Statistics
2277:Bureau of Justice Statistics
2186:International Nursing Review
2015:The Psychology of Aggression
1985:FELDMAN, KATE (5 May 2016).
1922:– via www.reuters.com.
985:Municipal housing inspectors
751:David Burke was employed by
674:
571:poor workplace relationships
7:
2396:Counterproductive behaviour
1006:
908:, discuss the issue on the
849:, belittling ideas or work)
592:refusal to accept criticism
550:Signs of potential threats
146:or multiple employees. The
57:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2960:
1738:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
695:
161:Bureau of Labor Statistics
2870:
2789:
2333:
2099:Violence in the Workplace
1592:10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_77_17
722:, who was serving in the
405:Bias crimes; Humiliation;
130:, usually in the form of
120:violence in the workplace
2898:Aspects of organizations
2546:Hostile work environment
1426:Barling, Julian (1996).
838:Verbal-passive-direct ("
734:(now Fort Cavazos) near
298:pain/suffering on others
2883:Aspects of corporations
2671:Quality of working life
2361:Artificial intelligence
1661:""Crazy Pat's" Revenge"
1092:"Occupational Violence"
979:Social Services workers
219:ASSOC. CHARACTERISTICS
2893:Aspects of occupations
988:Public Works Employees
777:San Luis Obispo County
773:cockpit voice recorder
568:obsession with weapons
409:Domination; Sex crimes
340:pain/suffering in self
112:
104:
2631:Performance appraisal
2381:Computer surveillance
1396:White, T. W. (1996).
1375:. Charles C. Thomas.
976:Correctional officers
718:On November 5, 2009,
580:increased mood swings
378:Terrorism; Domination
124:occupational violence
110:
102:
2934:Occupational hazards
2776:Workplace harassment
2766:Work–family conflict
2481:Employee recognition
1460:"Workplace Violence"
1333:"Workplace Violence"
1033:Workplace aggression
914:create a new article
906:improve this article
896:may not represent a
829:workplace aggression
330:Excitement/attention
325:Self-aggrandizement;
294:Retribution; Inflict
197:should be in place.
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
45:may not represent a
2646:Positive psychology
2541:Health surveillance
2471:Employee monitoring
2466:Employee experience
2461:Employee engagement
2456:Employee assistance
2441:Effects of overtime
2346:Abusive supervision
2032:Aggressive Behavior
1634:Professional Safety
1274:orlandosentinel.com
1013:Abusive supervision
767:. Burke smuggled a
713:a murderous rampage
422:Personality issues:
390:Personality issues:
262:Work-related issues
206:
2924:Workplace violence
2676:Queen bee syndrome
2019:. New York, Wiley.
1712:The New York Times
1686:. Associated Press
1684:Arizona Daily Star
1043:Workplace conflict
1038:Workplace bullying
973:Healthcare workers
724:United States Army
321:Depressive issues;
272:Workplace targeted
204:
116:Workplace violence
113:
105:
18:Workplace shooting
2911:
2910:
2636:Personality clash
2581:Kiss up kick down
2198:10.1111/inr.12242
2011:Buss, AH (1961).
942:
941:
934:
916:, as appropriate.
679:According to the
517:
516:
508:
504:
499:
492:
487:
482:
477:
470:
465:
460:
454:
450:
442:
441:Violence-by-proxy
438:
433:
427:
423:
418:
410:
406:
401:
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386:
379:
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368:
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268:
263:
258:
250:
246:
240:
236:
235:Non-violent anger
231:
226:
100:
91:
90:
83:
65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
2951:
2875:
2874:
2591:Machiavellianism
2536:Health promotion
2491:Employee surveys
2486:Employee silence
2319:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2245:
2237:
2210:
2209:
2177:
2171:
2170:
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1074:
1068:
1067:
1059:
937:
930:
926:
923:
917:
889:
888:
881:
877:Risk assessments
840:silent treatment
792:Moneta, Virginia
709:Edmond, Oklahoma
646:Work Environment
506:
502:
497:
490:
485:
480:
475:
468:
463:
458:
452:
448:
440:
436:
431:
425:
421:
416:
408:
404:
400:Self-enhancement
399:
393:
389:
384:
377:
372:
367:Perceived threat
366:
362:
357:
349:
345:
339:
336:Reduce emotional
335:
329:
324:
320:
315:
307:
303:
297:
293:
287:
284:Non-work related
283:
278:
271:
266:
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256:
249:Job change; etc.
248:
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229:
224:
207:
203:
101:
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
38:
37:
30:
21:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2888:Aspects of jobs
2866:
2827:Labour movement
2785:
2726:Toxic workplace
2696:Robotics safety
2626:Parkinson's law
2616:Office politics
2601:Micromanagement
2476:Employee morale
2446:Emotional labor
2431:Divide and rule
2406:Culture of fear
2329:
2323:
2239:
2232:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2178:
2174:
2131:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2028:
2024:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1991:nydailynews.com
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1914:. April 8, 2016
1906:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1888:Air Force Times
1880:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1852:
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1839:
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1827:
1823:
1814:
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1350:
1341:
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1315:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1286:
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1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1248:nydailynews.com
1240:
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1097:
1095:
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1071:
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1056:
1051:
1009:
994:Police Officers
963:
938:
927:
921:
918:
903:
890:
886:
879:
821:
745:Dana K. Chipman
700:
694:
692:Deadly examples
677:
635:
627:
622:
617:
609:
507:specified (NOS)
363:Anxiety issues;
350:Random violence
157:
93:
87:
76:
70:
67:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2957:
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2423:
2421:Discrimination
2418:
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2398:
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2256:
2251:
2246:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2217:External links
2215:
2212:
2211:
2192:(2): 226–232.
2172:
2120:
2111:
2089:
2071:
2049:
2038:(3): 161–173.
2022:
2003:
1977:
1951:
1925:
1899:
1871:
1846:
1821:
1792:
1769:
1750:
1725:
1697:
1670:
1651:
1624:
1585:(6): 478–485.
1565:
1540:
1516:
1492:
1475:
1448:
1418:
1413:New York Times
1403:
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996:
995:
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991:Retail Workers
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
962:
959:
958:
957:
954:
940:
939:
922:September 2009
900:of the subject
898:worldwide view
893:
891:
884:
878:
875:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
843:
836:
825:Arnold H. Buss
820:
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816:
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811:
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803:
799:
795:
780:
749:
736:Killeen, Texas
716:
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132:physical abuse
89:
88:
49:of the subject
47:worldwide view
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2956:
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2878:
2869:
2863:
2862:Whistleblower
2860:
2858:
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2853:
2852:Strike action
2850:
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2727:
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2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Role conflict
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Relationships
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
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2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
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2392:
2391:Control freak
2389:
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2847:Remote work
2822:Job sharing
2797:Corporation
2746:Undermining
2666:Psychopathy
2516:Goofing off
2511:Generations
2496:Empowerment
2341:Absenteeism
2325:Aspects of
2240:(6.08
1718:October 11,
1464:www.nsc.org
1337:www.nsc.org
1125:www.dol.gov
720:Nidal Hasan
608:Global View
601:absenteeism
453:Drug states
267:Retribution
210:MOTIVATION
2918:Categories
2903:Employment
2802:Employment
2611:Narcissism
2561:Inequality
2556:Incivility
2531:Harassment
2501:Evaluation
2436:Drug tests
2351:Aggression
2327:workplaces
1893:2024-08-03
1865:2016-05-09
1840:2016-05-09
1815:2016-05-09
1786:2016-05-09
1646:2035637018
1640:: 42, 43.
1559:2024-04-08
1510:2024-04-08
1469:2019-03-04
1342:2019-03-09
1318:2019-03-09
1212:January 8,
1185:January 8,
1130:2019-03-08
1094:. WorkSafe
1049:References
870:monitoring
819:Aggression
769:.44 Magnum
696:See also:
633:Prevention
469:Irrational
464:Irrational
459:Irrational
449:Psychosis/
432:Acceptance
426:Dependency
394:Inadequacy
239:resolution
126:refers to
2876:Templates
2661:Profanity
2656:Probation
2596:Menopause
2586:Listening
2526:Happiness
2426:Diversity
2411:Democracy
2401:Coworking
2159:0020-7489
1601:1735-9066
1157:219819396
910:talk page
732:Fort Hood
675:Responses
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2929:Violence
2790:See also
2781:Workwear
2771:Workload
2761:Wellness
2751:Violence
2741:Turnover
2736:Training
2716:Strategy
2706:Sabotage
2681:Rat race
2621:Overwork
2451:Emotions
2416:Deviance
2386:Conflict
2366:Bullying
2206:26830364
2167:28412581
2145:: 8–14.
1642:ProQuest
1619:30386399
1441:March 8,
1432:Archived
1289:cite web
1229:Source:
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476:Accident
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2756:Virtual
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2606:Mobbing
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1859:Reuters
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